US005463725A
`
`United States Patent 的
`Henckel et al.
`
`USOO5463725A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`59463,725
`Oct. 31, 1995
`
`[54] DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM GRAPHICAL
`USER INTERFACE WHICH EMULATES
`PRINTED MATERIAL
`
`[75] Inventors: Jonathan D. Henckel; Paul A.
`Hospers, both of Rochester, Minn.
`
`[73] Assignee: International Business Machines
`Corp.
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 998,988
`[22] Filed: Dec. 31, 1992
`Int. Cl?
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl
`[58] Field of Search
`
`G06F 15/00
` 395/155; 395/161; 395/152
`................... 395/155-161;
`345/173, 121, 126, 135
`
`[56]
`
`4,855,725
`4,860,217
`5,053,762
`5,233,332
`5,237,651
`5,283,864
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`8/1989 Fernandez
`8/1989 Sasaki et al
`10/1991 Sarra
`8/1993 Watanahe et al
`8/1993 Randall
`2/1994 Knowlton
`
` 345/173
` 345/126
` 345/113
` 345/121
` 395/148
` 395/158
`
`3/1994 Shino ........................................... 382/41
`5,295,199
`7/1994 Damouth
` 395/157
`5,333,255
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`0390611A2 10/1989 European Pat. Off..
`0384986A2 9/1990 European Pat. Off..
`2181864 7/1990 Japan .
`
`2183886A 6/1987 United Kingdom .
`WO87/01481 3/1987 WIPO .
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 29, No. 1, Jun. 1986
`D. G. Wenz, D. N. Youngers, '*Bookmarking Online Tuto­
`rials*\
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 31, No. 8 Jan. 1989
`G. Ditlow, J. 〇. Fisher, C. A. Pickover and A. R. Reed,
`"Paging of Display Screen Images Using Footswitch and
`Digital Interface^^.
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 34, No. 2, Jul. 1991
`S. S. Reming, **Graphical Access to Calendar Displays*\
`IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vo. 34, No. 7A, Dec.
`1991 K. M. Baker, "Electronic Book Display".
`Primary £xamrner—Mark R. Powell
`Assistant Examiner—Ba Huynh
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm一Kenneth C. Hill; Andrew J.
`Dillon
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`An interface for making information available to a user
`provides a display similar to a printed book or magazine. In
`order to **turn the page" of the displayed book, the user
`touches the screen with his hand or a pointing device, and
`moves it across the screen. Movement across the screen,
`while touching the screen, causes an animated turning of the
`page of the displayed printed material. This page turning
`technique is very similar to the turning of a page with an
`actual book or magazine.
`
`25 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets
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`APPLE 1013
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`5,463,725
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
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`Oct. 31,1995
`Oct. 31, 1995
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`Sheet 1 of 4
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`U.S. Patent
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`Oct. 31, 1995
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`U.S. Patent
`US. Patent
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`Oct. 31, 1995
`Oct. 31, 1995
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`Sheet 3 of 4
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`DISPLAY
`MEMORY
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`DISPLAY
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`PROCESSOR |
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`48
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`TOUCH
`SCREEN
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`52
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`MOTION
`SENSOR
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`Fig. 5
`Fig. 5
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`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
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`Oct. 31, 1995
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`1
`DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM GRAPHICAL
`USER INTERFACE WHICH EMULATES
`PRINTED MATERIAL
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`1. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates generally to computer sys­
`tem interfaces, and more specifically to an intuitive graphi­
`cal display and input interface.
`2. Description of the Prior Art
`Advances in computer systems have increased aceessi-
`hility of the information in such systems to unsophisticated
`users. Advances in display technology, and the capability of
`computer systems for storing large quantities of useful
`information, has increased the need for access of such
`systems hy people who do not use them often enough to feel
`comfortable with traditional information display technology.
`Intensive efforts are underway in the computer industry
`generally to find improved ways to display information, and
`otherwise interact with relatively unsophisticated users.
`For example, improvements in data storage and display
`technologies have comhined to make the electronic book
`possible. Various proposals exist for making a device having
`the approximate size and shape of a hardback book. The
`approach is typically to display pages on a screen to look
`like an actual printed book. Such display technologies can be
`used with traditional computer display screens.
`Ib turn pages in a book, magazine, or other document
`which is displayed in such a manner, the user typically
`touches a paging button dedicated to this purpose. In a few
`proposed devices, touch sensitive screens have been used for
`displaying the ima흥e of the hook pages, and forward and
`backward paging huttons, or other locations, are displayed
`on such screen to enable the user to turn the pages. Alter­
`natively, especially for use on a typical computer worksta­
`tion, a mouse or other pointer device can be used to select
`the buttons which cause pages to be turned. However, use of
`such buttons is not particularly intuitive for the unknowl-
`edgeable user.
`It would therefore be desirable to provide an interface for
`displaying information which is usable in an intuitive man­
`ner by an unknowledgeable user. It is further desirable for
`such an interface to be as similar as possible to the use of
`actual paper reading materials such as books and magazines.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`Therefore, according to the present invention, an interface
`for making information available to a user provides a display
`similar to a printed book or magazine. In order to "turn the
`page" of the displayed book, the user touches the screen with
`his hand or a pointing device, and moves it across the screen.
`Movement across the screen, while touching the screen,
`causes an animated turning of the page of the displayed
`printed material. This page turning technique is very similar
`to the turning of a page with an actual book or magazine.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`The novel features believed characteristic of the invention
`are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself
`however, as well as a preferred mode of use, and further
`objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by
`reference to the following detailed description of an illus­
`trative embodiment when read in conjunction with the
`accompanying drawings, wherein;
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`FIGS. 1-4 depict graphical displays showing various
`operating modes of the interface according to the present
`invention;
`FIG. 5 is a high level block diagram of a control system
`for the present invention; and
`FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating flow of control in a
`computer display system according to the present invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`FIGS. 1-4 illustrate various displays in accordance with
`a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A display
`device 10 is used for graphical displays as is described
`below. In the preferred embodiment, display device 10 is a
`touch sensitive screen capable of displaying high resolution
`graphics and being used as a touch sensitive input device.
`The display device 10 may be part of a work station or other
`computer system, an input/output device connected to a
`centralized mainframe or other centralized computer system,
`or a stand alone laptop "electronic book”. Electronic books,
`which approximate the size and shape of a hardback book,
`are known in the art.
`As shown in FIG. 1, a graphical representation of a book
`12 is displayed against a background 14. The graphical
`display of the book 12 is intended to look as much like an
`actual book as possible. It includes a cover 16 and a spine
`18. The pages of the book are shown as connected to the
`spine 18, and lay open to a desired page. In the example
`shown in FIG. 1, the book is open to 102 and 103. As shown,
`the pages of the book contain text 20, with a FIG. 22 on page
`102.
`Pages which are not displayed are indicated by page edges
`on the left hand side 24 and the right hand side These page
`edges provide a visual indication of the location within the
`book which is displayed. When pages from the beginning of
`the book are displayed, very few, or no, left page edges 24
`are shown, while a larger number of right page edges 26 are
`shown. Near the end of the book, the number of right page
`edges 26 will be small, while a larger number of left page
`edges 24 will be shown.
`In prior art systems, a button is typically provided to
`enable the user to turn the pages of the book. This is
`somewhat non-intuitive, inasmuch as buttons are not pro­
`vided to turn the pages of an actual book. In order to make
`the electronic book as similar as possible to a printed book,
`a technique is provided for turning pages which is much
`more intuitive. This is illustrated in FIG. 2.
`Referring to FIG. 2, the right hand page, page 103, is
`being turned to expose pages 104 and 105. A turning page
`graphic 28 is displayed part way through this process of
`turning a page. In order to turn this page, the user touches the
`display device 10 somewhere on page 103. The example
`shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, this point can be, for example,
`location 3〇. Any other location on the face of page 103
`would be suitable. The user then drags his hand to the left,
`across the face of the display device 10, and a graphic of a
`turning page 28 moves with it. Thus, as the user "swipes” his
`hand from right to left across the surface of the display
`screen 10 a graphical depiction of a page turning is shown.
`As the page is turned, the underlying page on the right hand
`side, page 105 in this instance, is uncovered. At the same
`time, as the turning page moves to the left, it covers the
`previously displayed page on that side.
`As described above, the location at which the user* s swipe
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`begins and ends is not critical. In the example ofFIGS. 1 and
`2, the user touches the page at location 30, and begins a
`swipe to the left. So long as the user keeps a finger pressed
`against the screen the location 30 is maintained underneath
`the present touch point. In other words, in FIG. 2, the user
`has slid his finger to the left, still in contact with location 30,
`and the animation 1 of the page turning has moved with that
`location. If the user stops the swipe, but leaves his finger
`pressed against the screen the page will remain in the
`position shown in FIG. 2. If the user then reverses and
`begins swiping back to the right, the page will then follow
`and be returned to the position shown in FIG. 1.
`The swipe does not need to be completed all the way to
`the left hand side of the display device 10. Once a swipe has
`been begun, as soon as the user lifts his finger off of the
`touch screen, the animation is continued to complete the
`tumin흥 of the page. Thus, a series of short, fast swipes can
`be performed by the user to page quickly through the
`electronic book. For example, assuming a display device
`which is 12 inches wide, the user preferably need only make
`a swipe which is one-half to one inch long in order to cause
`a page to be turned. However, so long as the user^s finger
`remains in contact with the touch screen, the page turn is not
`completed. This allows a user to turn the page part way in
`order to see what is on the next page, and then return the
`page to its original position. The direction of the page
`turning is the same as the last direction of motion of the
`contact point 30 just before the user* s finger is lifted.
`The animation used for the turning of a single page will
`depend in large part upon the processing power available to
`the system. If the processing power is great enough, the
`actual contents of the page being turned can be shown,
`insofar as they are visible, on the turning page graphic 28.
`This would require the capability to recsdculate the appear­
`ance of a partially turned page in real time as the user swipes
`his finger across the screen.
`In many cases, the computational capability will not be
`available to perform such a real time recalculation of the
`appearance of the turning page graphic 28. In such instances,
`the turning page graphic can be simplified, perhaps becom­
`ing a blank page of an intermediate grey tone during the
`page turning process. This would allow some number,
`perhaps one or two dozen, of intermediate graphic images to
`be prestored, and displayed in sequence to generate anima­
`tion and to cover the appropriate portions of the underlying
`displayed infonnation. The computational demands required
`to display a generic, uniformly colored moving graphical
`image are much less than those required to recalculate the
`actual appearance of the particular page being turned.
`Turning back toward the front of the book is performed in
`a similar manner. The user touches the screen somewhere on
`the left hand page, and makes swipes to the right. As before,
`the swipe can be relatively short. The image of a page
`turning will complete once the user has moved his finger
`away from the touch sensitive screen.
`In order to page quickly to a selected page, the user can
`perform a number of fast, consecutive swipes. If the anima­
`tion capability of the display is unable to keep up with the
`page turning speed of the user, the display can simply pause
`until the user finishes swiping. The appropriate page edges
`24 or 26 can be highlighted in order to indicate how many
`pages are being turned, and the group of pages turned at one
`time after swiping ceases.
`FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative technique for quickly
`moving to a selected page. Bookmarks 32 may be graphi­
`cally placed onto a displayed page. These book marks may
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`be placed anywhere on the page, and may specifically be
`placed so as to project beyond the page edges as shown in
`the three examples of FIG. 3. When the pages are turned,
`these bookmarks 32 will remain projecting beyond the page
`edges as shown.
`The bookmarks may also be used for writing notes to be
`placed into the book. If some type of data entry device, such
`as a keyboard, is provided, text can be entered onto the
`bookmark when it is placed into the book. The bookmarks
`may be thought of, and operate analogously to, the widely
`available note pads which have an adhesive along one edge
`for attachment to books and other paper materials. In the
`preferred embodiment, a stack of markers 34 is provided in
`the display area. In order to place a marker anywhere on the
`book, the user touches the marker stack 34 and slides the
`marker to the appropriate position. When the user lifts his
`finger, the marker is left in position, and is suitable for
`receiving text if the system otherwise provides.
`In order to quickly turn to a marked page, the user touches
`the bookmark and makes a left or right swipe as appropriate.
`Upon releasing contact with the touch screen, a graphical
`animation of multiple pages turning is displayed, and the
`page to which the bookmark is attached is displayed.
`FIG. 4 illustrates another technique for quickly turning to
`a desired page which may be used in addition to, or instead
`of, the hookmark method just described. In order to quickly
`turn to a desired page, the user touches a location along
`either the left or right hand page edges 24,26. Alternatively,
`the user may touch a point slightly outside the graphic
`display of the book at a location such as location 36,
`followed by sliding the touch point to a location such as
`location 38. This causes a comer to be lifted up as illustrated
`in FIG. 4, displaying the page numbers of the underlying
`pages. By moving his contact point to a location near
`location 38, an animation of a page flip occurs with rapidly
`decreasing page numbers indicated. By sliding the touch
`location to a position such as location 40, page numbers will
`increase, (ie, move toward the back of the book) Inteme-
`diate locations cause page numbers to increase or decrease
`at a slower rate, while moving the contact point beyond
`either locations 38 or 40, along the line approximately
`connecting these two location causes pages to be flipped at
`a faster rate. Once the desired page is reached, the user lifts
`his finger from the touch screen, and a graphic is illustrated
`showing that the book is turned to that page. If the user
`changes his mind, and does not wish to flip pages at all, he
`can move it into the displayed area of the right hand page 42.
`Lifting his finger at this point causes the pages to remain
`where they are. The user may also, if desired, slide his finger
`completely off the book into the background area 14, which
`also causes the page flipping function to cease.
`In the preferred embodiment, such a high speed flipping
`function may be performed at any of the comers along the
`left and right page edges 24, 26. Functionality at all four
`comers is the same, and essentially identical to that
`described above. Preferably, performing a flipping function
`at the lower left and right comers shows a change in page
`numbers. Performing such a flipping function at the upper
`comers of the pages preferably allows chapter headings, or
`some other larger unit indicator, to be displayed and
`selected. Location of page numbers, chapter headings, and
`so forth, may be changed as desired to suit the demands of
`any particular implementation.
`FIG. 5 is a high level block diagram of a system capable
`of performing the display functions previously described. A
`processor 44 places data into a display memory 46, which in
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`turn drives the display 10. Input may be provided by several
`different means, including touch screen 48. As described in
`the preferred embodiment, touch screen 48 is actually part of
`the display device 10 allowing both input and output func­
`tions to be performed on the same device.
`If desired, alternative input techniques may be provided.
`For example, a glove containing sensors, such as are begin­
`ning to be used in some relatively sophisticated video
`games, can be used. By moving his hands in various
`positions using the glove, the functions described in con­
`nection with FIGS. 1-4 may be implemented. In many cases,
`the glove will need to be used in connection with a hard
`sxirface and a pressure sensor on at least one fingertip, in
`order to indicate the action analogous to touching the touch
`screen. Other types of motion sensors 52 may be used, such
`as inirared or sonic sensors which determine movement
`and/or location of the user* s hand. Other types of input
`techniques may be used as will be appreciated by those
`skilled in the art. Preferably, the input technique used is
`relatively intuitive, with a minor amount of practice required
`to master the technique. The use of a touch screen as
`described above is very useful, but the technique may also
`be used with, for example, a mouse or other pointer such as
`is commonly provided on computer systems.
`FIG. 6 is a high level flow chart indicating control
`operation of the processor 44 in order to implement the
`interface functions described above. It depicts a continuous
`control loop through which the processor circulates in order
`to process the user inputs.
`Initially, a check is made to see if there are any touching
`events on the input screen. As will be appreciated by those
`skilled in the art, if a mouse or other input device is used
`instead of a touch screen, the input events corresponding to
`those described in FIG. 6 will be processed. The three types
`of touching events which are considered are the begin and
`end of a touch, and a continuation of a touch which has
`already been registered as begun. The continuation can be a
`touch in the same position, or a movement to a different
`position without breaking the current, continuous touch.
`These events may be detected by polling or through inter­
`rupts as well known in the art.
`If a begin touch event is detected 54, a flag, touching, is
`set to true 56. This indicates that a touch is currently in
`effect. In block 58, the variables firstpos and prevpos are set
`to the current position of the touch. Hiese variables are used
`to keep track of the movement of the touch point as will be
`seen below. If any other touch screen processing is neces­
`sary, it is performed 6〇. Such other processing can include
`any display changes, and related changes, which are per­
`formed along with the page turning technique described
`herein. Also, other processing not related to the turning of
`pages using the present technique may need to be performed.
`Other functions to be used with the electronic book
`display may be performed simply by touching an appropri­
`ate location on the display screen. For example, in the near
`future it is expected that hypertext connection of data will be
`implemented in electronic books. Touching a selected loca­
`tion on a displayed page, such as a highlighted word or
`figure, will cause a separate book or help screen to be
`displayed, or the displayed book to be turned to the appro­
`priate cross-referenced page. In the latter case, it is preferred
`that a bookmark be placed in the book so that the current
`location can be returned to if the hypertext connection is not
`useful, or once the need for maintaining it is completed.
`If step 54 indicated that no begin touch event was occur­
`ring, a check is made for an end touch event 62. If such an
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`event occurs, the touching flag is set to false 66. This
`indicates that any further touches which are sensed must be
`a new begin touch event. A determination is then made of
`any appropriate actions which need to be performed. These
`include: 1) dropping a bookmark in the current touch
`location; 2) completing the turning of a single pa흥e; 3)
`completing the turning of multiple pages; and 4) restoring
`the open book to its state before the current touching
`sequence began.
`The animation corresponding to any of the actions
`described above is then displayed 68. As described previ­
`ously, this may be a sequence of graphical images displayed
`to show the turning of a page, etc. Because only a short
`swiping motion is required to turn a page, in many instances
`most of the graphics corresponding to the page turning
`animation will actually be performed after the end touch
`event is detected.
`The variable prevpos is set to the current position in order
`to remember the point at which the end touch event
`occurred. Some types of processing may require this infor­
`mation at some future time. Any other required touch screen
`processing is then performed 72. This is the same type of
`processing described above with respect to step 6〇. The
`processing done at this time may be important to the overall
`function of a particular product, but need not be relevant to
`the animated page turning technique.
`If the touch event was neither a begin touch nor an end
`touch, a check is made 74 to see whether touching=true. If
`not, nothing related to touch events happens. If touching is
`true, a determination is made of the necessary action to be
`performed 76. If the current position has changed from the
`previous position, one of three animations will need to be
`performed: 1) a bookmark will need to be moved; 2) a single
`page will need to be moved; or 3) multiple pages will need
`to be moved. As described above, so long as the current
`touch event continues, these movements are generally not
`completed. Thus, the required animation is typically a small
`movement of the required part of the display to keep the
`contact point underneath the current touch position.
`If the touch position has not moved, no animation event
`may be required. For example, a touch on a displayed page
`will cause no animation if there is no movement of the touch
`location. This is consistent with accepting input for other
`purposes, such as a hypertext book, as described above.
`However, if the touch location is located in one of the
`regions of page edges 24, 26, animation will need to be
`displayed. Thus the following animated sequences may need
`to be selected at this point: 4) flipping, or fluttering, the
`comers of the pages up to display decreasing page numbers,
`or other indicia, as described above; or 5) flipping the
`comers of the pages down to display increasing page num­
`bers. After the appropriate determination has been made 76,
`the corresponding animation is displayed 68, and processing
`continues as has already been described.
`It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the
`described interface technique is very intuitive, functioning
`in a manner very similar to the use of a printed book. It will
`be appreciated that such technique may also be adapted to
`any other type of printed material, such as magazines,
`newsletters, and so forth. The swiping motion across the
`touch sensitive screen, or other interface device, allows for
`pages to be turned in a manner very similar to the process of
`turning pages in a printed book. The use of bookmarks and
`page flipping on the comers provides a technique for quickly
`reaching pages which are not very close to the currently
`displayed pages.
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`In systems where eomputational capaeity for graphics is
`extremely limited, the graphic images of a page turning may
`be changed to a simpler approach. For example, a simple
`vertieal line moving across the page eould be used during a
`swiping motion. The speed of movement of the vertieal line 5
`matehes the movement of the user's finger during the swipe.
`This is somewhat less intuitive than the animated turning
`page, but easier to implement on systems lacking in eom­
`putational eapaeity or adequate graphics support.
`While the invention has been partieularly shown and 10
`deseribed with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will
`be underwood by those skilled in the art that various changes
`in form and detail may be made therein without departing
`from the spirit and scope of the invention.
`What is claimed is:
`1. A method for displaying information for a user, com­
`prising the steps of:
`displaying an image of a multiple page document on a
`display device;
`specifying, with an input means, a position on a displayed
`page of the doeument;
`detecting movement of the specified position in a first
`direction; and
`in response to movement of the specified position in the 25
`first direction, displaying an animated sequence of
`images corresponding to turning a page of the docu­
`ment in the first direction.
`2. The method of claim 1, wherein the displayed animated
`sequence shows the turning of a single page.
`3. The method of claim 1, wherein the animated sequence
`of images is displayed so as to maintain the location under­
`neath tile indicated position as it is moved.
`4. The method of claim 3, wherein the displayed animated
`sequence shows the turning of a single page.
`5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:
`after movement has been detected, detecting a termination
`of the specifying of a position by the input means; and
`in response to such termination, displaying an animated
`sequence of images to complete the turning of the page. 40
`6. The method of claim 1, wherein the animated sequence
`of images shows the turning back of a comer of one or more
`pages to display a comer of an underlying page.
`7. The method of claim 6, wherein the animated sequence
`of images further shows a sequence of page numbers lin- 45
`early increasing or decreasing with time.
`8. The method of claim 1, wherein the image of the
`document is displayed on a touch sensitive screen, and
`wherein the step of specifying a position comprises speci­
`fying a position with an input means which includes a touch 5〇
`on the screen.
`9. An apparatus for displaying information for a user,
`comprising:
`means for displaying an image of a multiple page docu­
`ment on a display device;
`55
`input means for specifying a position on a displayed page
`of the document;
`means for detecting movement of the specified position in
`a first direction; and
`60
`means for, in response to movement of the specified
`position in the first direction, displaying an animated
`sequence of images corresponding to turning a page of
`the document in the first direction.
`10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the displaying 65
`means comprises means for displaying the animated
`sequence to show the turning of a single page.
`
`35
`
`11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
`means for detecting a termination of the specifying of a
`position by the input means; and
`means for, in response to such termination, displaying an
`animated sequence of images to complete the turning of
`the page.
`12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the animated
`sequence of images shows the turning back of a comer of
`one or more pages to display a comer of an underlying page.
`13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the animated
`sequence of images further shows a sequence of page
`numbers linearly increasing or decreasing with time.
`14. A graphical interface for a computer system, compris­
`ing:
`a display for displaying graphical images of a multiple
`page document;
`input means for specifying a position corresponding to a
`selected location on a displayed page of the document;
`control means for, in response to a sensed movement of
`the specified position in a first direction, animating the
`display to show a page of the document turning in the
`first direction to display another, previously undis­
`played, page.
`15. The graphical interface of claim 14, wherein the
`display and the input means both comprise a touch sensitive
`display screen.
`16. The graphical interface of claim 14, further compris­
`ing:
`means for, when the selected location is on a portion of
`the graphical image corresponding to a plurality of
`page edges for non-displayed pages, animating the
`display to show a comer of an underlying, non-dis­
`played page.
`17. The graphical interface of claim 16, fiirther compris­
`ing:
`means for showing in succession a sequence of comers of
`adjacent underlying, non-displayed pages.
`18. The graphical interface of claim 14, wherein the
`graphical image of a document portrays a printed book.
`19. The graphical interface of claim 14, further compris­
`ing:
`means for displaying at least one bookmark in association
`with a page of the document; and
`means for, in response to a sensed movement of the input
`means from a position corresponding to the bookmark,
`animating the display to show a plurality of pages
`turned together, followed by displaying the page asso­
`ciated with the bookmark.
`2〇. A method for displaying a multiple page document on
`a touch screen graphical display device, comprising the
`steps of:
`displaying a graphical image representing the document,
`wherein the document has at least one displayed page
`and a plurality of underlying pages which are covered,
`and which are displayed only as page edges;
`sensing a location corresponding to a touch on the screen
`within an area defined by the displayed page;
`in response to the sensed location moving in a first
`direction, displaying a sequence of images showing an
`animated representation of a document page turning in
`the first direction, wherein an underlying page, previ­
`ously covered, is exposed; and
`when the touch on the screen is terminated, completing
`the sequence of images to show the completion of the
`document page turning.
`
`9
`
`

`

`5,463,725
`
`9
`21. The method of claim 20, wherein the displayed
`document comprises an image of a book.
`22. The method of claim 20, wherein the displayed
`document comprises an image of a magazine.
`23. The method of claim 20, further comprising the steps
`of:
`displaying a portion of a hookmark attached to an under­
`lying page; and
`when the sensed location begins movement on the hook­
`mark, displaying a sequence of images showing an
`animated representation of a plurality of pages turning,
`wherein the underlying page attached to the hookmark
`is displayed upon completion of the page turning.
`24. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the image of the
`document is displayed on a touch sensitive screen, and
`wherein the input of an indicator of position is received in
`
`10
`response to a touch on the screen.
`25. The method of claim 4, wherein the animated
`sequence of images is displayed so as to expose a portion of
`a second page underlying said single page in response to
`movement of said specified position in the first direction,
`and further comprising the steps of:
`detecting movement of said specified position in a second
`direction; and
`in response to detecting movement of said specified
`position in the second direction before termination of
`the specifying of a position by said input means,
`displaying an animated sequence of images to restore
`said single page to an