STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
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`Roae:RT GRE:ENE STERNE
`EOWARD J KESSLER
`JORGE A GOLDSTEIN
`SAMUE'.L L Fox
`DAVID K 5 CORNWELL
`RoaERT w ESMOND
`TRACY-GENE G DURKIN
`MrCHE:L£: A CJMBALA
`MICHAEL 8 RAY
`ROBERT E SOKOHL
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`TIMOTHY .J SHEA, JR
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`STEPHEN G WHITESIDE:
`JEFFREY T HELVEY"
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`.JEFFREY S WEAVER
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`ALBERT ..J FASULO ll •
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`•SAR OTHER THAN QC
`uR:EGtS"f'E:Re::D PATENT AGENTS
`
`PETER A .JACKMAN
`MOLCY A MCCALL
`TERESA U MEDLER
`
`
`
`August 4, 2000
`
`WRITER'S DIRECT NUMBER:
`(202) 371-2677
`INTERNET ADDRESS:
`RSOKOHL@SKGF.COM
`
`
`
`Box Patent Application
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`
`
`Washington, D.C. 20231
`
`
`
`
`
`
`§ l.53(b) Re: U.S. Non-Provisional Utility Patent Application under 37 C.F.R.
`
`
`
`Appl. No. To be assigned; Filed: August 4, 2000
`Frequency (WLAN) Using Universal For: Wireless Local Area Network
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Translation Technology Including Multi-Phase Embodiments and
`
`Circuit Implementations
`David F. Sorrells, Michael J. Bultman, Robert W. Cook,
`
`
`
`
`Inventors:
`
`
`
`
`
`Richard C. Looke, Charley D. Moses, Jr., Gregory S. Rawlins,
`
`and Michael W. Rawlins
`Our Ref: 1744.0630003
`
`Sir:
`
`
`
`
`
`The following documents are forwarded herewith for appropriate action by the U.S.
`
`
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`Patent and Trademark Office:
`
`
`
`
`
`Transmittal Form PTO/SB/05;1. USPTO Utility Patent Application
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`entitled:2. U.S. Utility Patent Application
`
`
`
`
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`Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Using Universal Frequency
`
`
`
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`
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`Translation Technology Including Multi-Phase Embodiments and Circuit
`Implementations
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`
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`and naming as inventors:
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`C. Looke,Robert W. Cook, Richard David F. Sorrells, Michael J. Bultman,
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`
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`Charley D. Moses, Jr., Gregory S. Rawlins, and Michael W. Rawlins
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`Page 1 of 1284
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`INTEL 1003
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`

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`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`
`
`August 4, 2000
`Page2
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`
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`the application comprising:
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`a. specification containing:
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`i. --2£_ pages of description prior to the claims;
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`ii._]_ pages of claims ( _4Q_ claims);
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`m. a one (1) page abstract;
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`(Figures l A-D,and eight (208) sheets of drawings:
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`b. Two-hundred
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`2A, 2B. 3-14, 15A-F, 16-19, 20A, 20A-l, 20B-F, 21, 22A-F, 23A,
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`24A-J, 25-45, 46A, 46B, 47, 48, 49A, 49B,50, 51, 52A-C, 53-55,
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`56A. 56B, 57-60, 6IA. 6IB, 62-66. 67A, 67B, 68A. 68B, 69A,
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`69B, 70A-S, 71A-D, 72A-J, 73A, 73B, 74, 75A-C, 76A, 76B, 77,
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`78.79A-D. 80, 81A-C, 82-88, 89A-E, 90A-D, 91-94, 95A-C, 96-
`lfil );
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`Authorization to Treat a Reply As Incorporating3. 37 C.F.R. § I.l36(a)(3)
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`An Extension of Time (in duplicate); and
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`4. Two (2) return postcards.
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`It is respectfully requested that, of the two attached postcards, one be stamped with the
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`be postcard, and the other, prepaid filing date of these documents and returned to our courier,
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`stamped with the filing date and unofficial application number and returned as soon as possible.
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`This patent application is being submitted under 37 C.F.R. § 1.53(b) without
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`Declaration and without filing fee.
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`Page 2 of 1284
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`

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`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`
`
`August 4, 2000
`Page 3
`
`This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/147,129,filed
`
`
`
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`
`
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`August 4, 1999; U.S. Application No. 09/525,615,filed on March 14, 2000; and U.S.
`
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`Application No. 09/526,041,filed on March 14, 2000.
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`
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`Respectfully submitted,
`
`1��,
`
`GoLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`Robert Sokohl'
`
`
`Attorney for Applicants
`
`Registration No. 36,013
`
`0630003 pto
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`Page 3 of 1284
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`

`

`Please type a sign(+) inside this box
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`Approved for use through 09/30/2000. OMB 0651-0032
`Patent and Trademark Office: US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`nuued to res-ond to a collection of information unless it disla s a valid OMB control number.
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`UTILITY PATENT APPLICATION TRANSMITI‘AL
`(Onlyfor new nonprovtsional applications under 37 CFR § 1.53(b))
`
`I 744. 0630003
`Attorney Docket No
`First Inventor or Application David F. Sorrells
`Identifier
`Title
`
`Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Using Universal
`
`
`Frequency Translation Technology Including Multi-Phase
`Embodiments and Circuit Implementations
`
`APPLICATION ELENIENTS
`See MPEP chapter 600 concerning utility patent application contents
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`l. E]
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`6.
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`[:I Microfiche Computer Program (Appendix)
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`d/or Am'no A 'd S
`7. N cl ot'de
`u e
`1
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`an
`li a le all ne
`app 6 b ’
`cessary)
`a. C] Computer Readable Copy
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`equence Submissron (If
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`lllllllllllllIllllllllllllllll
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`Express Maxi Label No. _
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`m
`* Fee Transmittal Form (e.g., PTO/SB/17)
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`'3
`2. E Speuficatlon
`[Total Pages
`106
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`(preferred arrangement setforth below)
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`» Descriptive title ofthe Invention
`. Cross References to Related Applications
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`- Background of the Invention
`- Brief Summary of the Invention
`b. E] Paper Copy (identical to computer copy)
`. Brief Descnpuon of the Drawings (if/item
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`3. E Drawing(s) (35 U.S.C. 113)
`[TotahShects
`208
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`4. D Oath or Declaration
`[Total Pages
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`8. E] Asmgnment Papers (cover sheet & document(s))
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`9. E] 37 CFR 3.73(b) Statement D Power of Attorney
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`a. E] Newly executed (original or copy)
`(when there is an assignee)
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`b. E] Copy from a prior application (37 CFR 1.63(d)) (for
`10, B English Translation Document (ifapplicable)
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`pies of IDS Citations
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`continuation/diviszonal with Box 17 completed)
`1 l D Information Disclosure
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`i. D DELETION OF INVENTORS S!
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`Signed statement attached deleting inventor(s)
`13. E Return Receipt Postcard (MPEP 503)
`named in the prior application, see 37 CFR §§
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`l.63(d)(2) and 1.3303).
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`E] Statement filed in prior
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`5. E]
`Incorporation By Reference (useable ifBox 4b is checked)
`14' D ,§%a/ISIB§,2E}9)’ Statement“)
`application, Status Still proper
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`15. E] Certified Copy of Priority Document(s)
`reference therein.
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`D Continuation
`El Divisional
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`STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
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`0630003.sb05
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`Page 4 of 1284
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`

`

`Wireless Local Area Network 07VLAN) Using Universal
`Frequency Translation Technology Including Multi-
`Phase Embodiments and Circuit Implementations
`
`David F. Sorrells
`Michael I. Bultman
`
`Robert W. Cook
`Richard C. Looke
`
`Charley D. Moses, Jr.
`Gregory S. Rawlins
`1VIichael W. Rawlins
`
`This application claims the benefit ofthe following: U. S. Provisional Application
`
`No.60/147,129, filed on August 4, 1999, US. Application No. 09/525,615, filed on
`
`March 14, 2000; and US. Application No. 09/526,041, filed on March 14, 2000, all of
`
`which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
`
`Cross-Reference to Other Applications
`
`The following applications of common assignee are related to the present
`
`application, and are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties:
`
`"Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals," Ser. No.
`
`09/176,022, filed October 21, 1998, issued as US Patent No, 6,061,551 on May 9, 2000.
`
`"Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals Having
`
`Optimized Switch Structures," Ser. No. 09/293,095, filed April 16, 1999.
`
`"Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals Including
`
`Resonant Structures for Enhanced Energy Transfer, " Ser. No. 09/293,342, filed April 16,
`1999.
`
`"Method and System for Frequency Up—Conversion," Ser. No. 09/ 176,154, filed
`
`October 21, 1998, issued as US. Patent No. 6,091,940 on July 18, 2000.
`
`"Method and System for Frequency Up—Conversion Having Optimized Switch
`
`Structures," Ser. No. 09/293,097, filed April 16, 1999.
`
`10
`
`
`
`25
`
`30
`
`17440630003
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`Page 5 of 1284
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`Page 5 of 1284
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`_22
`
`"Method and System for Ensuring Reception of a Communications Signal," Ser.
`
`No. 09/176,415, filed October 21, 1998, issued as US. Patent No. 6,061,555 on May 9,
`2000.
`
`"Integrated Frequency Translation And Selectivity, "Ser. No. 09/175,966, filed
`October 21, 1998, issued as US. Patent No. 6,049,706 on April 11, 2000.
`
`"Integrated Frequency Translation and Selectivity with a Variety of Filter
`
`Embodiments," Ser. No. 09/293,283, filed April 16, 1999.
`
`"Applications of Universal Frequency Translation," Ser. No. 09/261,129, filed
`
`March 3, 1999.
`
`"Method and System forDown-Converting anElectromagnetic Signal, Transforms
`
`For Same, and Aperture Relationships", Ser. No. 09/550,644, filed on April 14, 2000.
`
`"Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Technology and Applications Including
`Techniques of Universal Frequency Translation", Attorney Docket No. 1744.063 0002,
`filed on August 4, 2000.
`
`Background of the Invention
`
`Field of the Invention
`
`The present
`
`invention is generally related to wireless local area networks
`
`(WLANs), and more particularly, to WLANs that utilize universal frequency translation
`
`technology for frequency translation, and applications of same.
`
`5
`
`10
`
`
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`20
`
`Related Art
`
`Wireless LANs exist for receiving and transmitting information to/from mobile
`
`terminals using electromagnetic (EM) signals. Conventional wireless communications
`
`circuitry is complex and has a large number of circuit parts. This complexity and high
`parts count increases overall cost. Additionally, higher part counts result in higher power
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`1744.0630003
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`Page 6 of 1284
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`Page 6 of 1284
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`_3_
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`consumption, which is undesirable, particularly in battery powered wireless units.
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`Additionally, various communication components exist for performing frequency down-
`
`conversion, frequency up—conversion, and filtering. Also, schemes exist for signal
`
`reception in the face of potential jamming signals.
`
`5
`
`Summary of the Invention
`
`
`
`The present invention is directed to a wireless local area network (WLAN) that
`
`includes one or more WLAN devices (also called stations, terminals, access points, client
`
`devices, or infrastructure devices) for effecting wireless communications over the WLAN.
`
`The WLAN device includes at least an antenna, a receiver, and a transmitter for effecting
`
`wireless communications over the WLAN. Additionally, the WLAN device may also
`
`include a LNA/PA module, a control signal generator, a demodulation/modulation
`
`facilitation module, and a media access control (NIAC) interface. The WLAN receiver
`
`includes at least one universal frequency translation module that frequency down—converts
`
`a received electromagnetic (EM) signal.
`
`In embodiments, the UFT based receiver is
`
`configured in a multi-phase embodiment to reduce or eliminate re-radiation that is caused
`
`by DC offset. The WLAN transmitter includes at least one universal frequency translation
`
`module that frequency up-converts a baseband signal in preparation for transmission over
`
`the WLAN. In embodiments, the UFT based transmitter is configured in a differential
`
`and/or multi-phase embodiment to reduce carrier insertion and spectral growth in the
`
`20
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`transmitted signal.
`
`WLANs exhibit multiple advantages by using UFT modules for frequency
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`translation. These advantages include, but are not limited to: lower power consumption,
`
`longer battery life, fewer parts,
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`lower cost,
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`less tuning, and more effective signal
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`transmission and reception. These advantages are possible because the UFT module
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`25
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`enables direct frequency conversion in an efficient manner with minimal signal distortion.
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`1744.0630003
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`Page 7 of 1284
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`Page 7 of 1284
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`_4_
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`The structure and operation ofembodiments ofthe UFT module, and various applications
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`of the same are described in detail in the following sections.
`
`Further features and advantages of the invention, as well as the structure and
`
`operation of various embodiments of the invention, are described in detail below with
`
`5
`
`reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing in which an element first appears
`
`is typically indicated by the leftmost character(s) and/or digit(s) in the corresponding
`
`reference number.
`
`BriefDescription of the Figures
`
`
`
`The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying
`
`drawings, wherein:
`
`FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 1B is a more detailed diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT)
`
`module according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 1C illustrates a UFT module used in a universal frequency down-conversion
`
`(UFD) module according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 1D illustrates a UFT module used in a universal frequency up-conversion
`
`(UFU) module according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 2A—2B illustrate block diagrams of universal frequency translation (UFT)
`
`20
`
`modules according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 4 is a more detailed diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU)
`
`module according to an embodiment of the invention;
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`25
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`FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module
`
`according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
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`1744.0630003
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`Page 8 of 1284
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`Page 8 of 1284
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`_5_
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`FIGS. 6A-6I illustrate example waveforms used to describe the operation of the
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`UFU module;
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`FIG. 7 illustrates a UFT module used in a receiver according to an embodiment
`
`of the invention;
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`5
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`FIG. 8 illustrates a UFT module used in a transmitter according to an embodiment
`
`of the invention;
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`10
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`
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`FIG. 9 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each of
`
`which may be implemented using a UFT module of the invention;
`
`FIG. 10 illustrates a transceiver according to an embodiment of the invention;
`FIG. 11 illustrates a transceiver according to an alternative embodiment of the
`
`invention;
`
`FIG. 12 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each
`
`ofwhich may be implemented using enhanced signal reception (ESR) components ofthe
`
`invention;
`
`FIG. 13 illustrates a UFT module used in a unified down-conversion and filtering
`(UDF) module according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 14 illustrates an example receiver implemented using a UDF module
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIGS. ISA-15F illustrate example applications of the UDF module according to
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 16 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each
`
`ofwhich may be implemented using enhanced signal reception (ESR) components ofthe
`
`invention, wherein the receiver may be further implemented using one or more UFD
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`modules of the invention;
`
`25
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`FIG. 17 illustrates a unified down—converting and filtering (UDF) module
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 18 is a table of example values at nodes in the UDF module of FIG. 19;
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`FIG. 19 is a detailed diagram of an example UDF module according to an
`
`embodiment of the invention;
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`1744.0630003
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`Page 9 of 1284
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`—6~
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`FIGS. 20A and 20A-1 are example aliasing modules according to embodiments
`
`of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 20B-20F are example waveforms used to describe the operation of the
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`aliasing modules of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1;
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`5
`
`FIG. 21 illustrates an enhanced signal reception system according to an
`
`embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 22A—22F are example waveforms used to describe the system of FIG. 21;
`
`FIG. 23A illustrates an example transmitter in an enhanced signal reception system
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`1 0
`
`FIGS. 23B and 23 C are example waveforms used to further describe the enhanced
`
`
`
`signal reception system according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 23D illustrates another example transmitter in an enhanced signal reception
`
`system according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 23E and 23F are example waveforms used to fithher describe the enhanced
`
`signal reception system according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 24A illustrates an example receiver in an enhanced signal reception system
`
`according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 24B-24J are example waveforms used to further describe the enhanced
`
`signal reception system according to an embodiment of the invention;
`
`FIG. 25 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer network;
`
`FIG. 26 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer network;
`
`FIG. 27 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless interface;
`
`FIG. 28 illustrates an example heterodyne implementation ofthe wireless interface
`
`illustrated in FIG. 27;
`
`25
`
`FIG. 29 illustrates an example in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) heterodyne
`
`implementation of the interface illustrated in FIG. 27;
`
`FIG. 30 illustrates an example high level block diagram of the interface illustrated
`
`in FIG. 27, in accordance with the present invention;
`
`FIG. 3 1 illustrates a example block diagram of the interface illustrated in FIG. 29;
`
`30
`
`in accordance with the invention;
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`_7_
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`FIG. 32 illustrates an example I/Q implementation of the interface illustrated in
`
`FIG. 3 1;
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`FIGS. 33—38 illustrate example environments encompassed by the invention;
`
`FIG. 39 illustrates a block diagram of a WLAN interface according to an
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`5
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`embodiment of the invention;
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`
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`FIG. 40 illustrates a WLAN receiver according to an embodiment ofthe invention;
`
`FIG. 41 illustrates a WLAN transmitter according to an embodiment of the
`
`invention;
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`FIGS. 42-44 are example implementations of a WLAN interface;
`
`FIGS. 45, 46A, and 46B relate to an example MAC interface for an example
`
`WLAN interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 47, 48, 49A, and 49B relate to an example demodulator/modulator
`
`facilitation module for an example WLAN interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS.
`
`50,
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`51,
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`52A,
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`52B,
`
`and 52C relate to an example
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`alternate
`
`demodulator/modulator facilitation module for an example WLAN interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 53 and 54 relate to an example receiver for an example WLAN interface
`
`embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 55, 56A, and 56B relate to an example synthesizer for an example WLAN
`
`interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 57, 58, 59, 60, 61A, and 61B relate to an example transmitter for an
`
`example WLAN interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 62 and 63 relate to an example motherboard for an example WLAN
`
`interface embodiment;
`
`FIGS. 64-66 relate to example LNAs for an example WLAN interface
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`25
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`embodiment;
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`FIGS. 67A—B illustrate IQ receivers having UFT modules in a series and shunt
`
`configurations, according to embodiments of the invention;
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`FIGS. 68A—B illustrate IQ receivers having UFT modules with delayed control
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`signals for quadrature implementation, according to embodiments ofthe present invention;
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`FIGS. 69A—B illustrate IQ receivers having FET implementations, according to
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 70A illustrates an IQ receiver having shunt UFT modules according to
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 70B illustrates control signal generator embodiments for receiver 7000
`
`according to embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 70C-D illustrate various control
`embodiments of the invention;
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`signal waveforms according to
`
`FIG. 70E illustrates an example IQ modulation receiver embodiment according to
`
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 70F-P illustrate example waveforms that are representative of the IQ
`
`receiver in FIG. 70E;
`
`FIGS. 70Q-R illustrate single channel receiver embodiments according to
`
`embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 7OS illustrates a FET configuration ofan IQ receiver embodiment according
`
`to embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 71A illustrate a balanced transmitter 7102, according to an embodiment of
`
`the present invention;
`
`FIGs. 7 lB-C illustrate example waveforms that are associated with the balanced
`
`transmitter 7102, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
`
`FIG. 71D illustrates example FET configurations ofthe balanced transmitter 7102,
`
`according to embodiments of the present invention;
`
`FIGs. 72A—I illustrate various example timing diagrams that are associated with the
`
`transmitter 7102, according to embodiments of the present invention;
`
`FIG. 721 illustrates an example frequency spectrum that is associated with a
`
`modulator 7104, according to embodiments of the present invention;
`
`FIG. 73A illustrate a transmitter 7302 that is configured for carrier insertion,
`
`according to embodiments of the present invention;
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`FIG. 73B illustrates example signals associated with the transmitter 7302;
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`according to embodiments of the invention;
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`-9-
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`FIG. 74 illustrates an IQ balanced transmitter 7420, according to embodiments
`
`of the present invention;
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`FIGS. 75A—C illustrate various example signal diagrams associated with the
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`balanced transmitter 7420 in FIG. 74;
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`5
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`FIG. 76A illustrates an IQ balanced transmitter 7608 according to embodiments
`
`of the invention;
`
`FIG. 76B illustrates an IQ balanced modulator 7618 according to embodiments
`
`of the invention;
`
`FIG. 77 illustrates an IQ balanced modulator 7702 configured for carrier insertion
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`10
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`according to embodiments of the invention;
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`
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`$20
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`FIG 78 illustrates an IQ balanced modulator 7802 configured for carrier insertion
`
`according to embodiments of the invention;
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`FIG. 79A illustrate a transmitter 7900, according to embodiments of the present
`
`invention;
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`FIGs. 79B—C illustrate various frequency spectrums that are associated with the
`
`transmitter 7900;
`
`FIG. 79D illustrates a FET configuration for the transmitter 7900, according to
`embodiments of the present invention;
`
`FIG. 80 illustrates an IQ transmitter 8000, according to embodiments of the
`present invention;
`
`FIGs. 81A—C illustrate various frequency spectrums that are associated with the
`
`IQ transmitter 8000, according to embodiments of the present invention;
`
`FIG. 82 illustrates an IQ transmitter 8200; according to embodiments of the
`
`present invention;
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`25
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`FIG. 83 illustrates an IQ transmitter 8300, according to embodiments of the
`
`invention;
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`FIG. 84 illustrates a flowchart 8400 that is associated with the transmitter 7102
`
`in the FIG. 71A, according to embodiments of the invention;
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`_10_
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`FIG. 85 illustrates a flowchart 8500 that firrther defines the flowchart 8400 in the
`
`FIG. 84, and is associated with the transmitter 7102 according to embodiments of the
`
`invention;
`
`FIG. 86 illustrates a flowchart 8600 that is associated with the transmitter 7900
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`5
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`and further defines the flowchart 8400 in the FIG. 84, according to embodiments of the
`
`invention;
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`-
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`FIG. 87 illustrates a flowchart 8700, that is associated with the transmitter 7420
`
`in the FIG. 74, according to embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 88 illustrates a flowchart 8800 that is associated with the transmitter 8000,
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`10
`
`according to embodiments of the invention;
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`
`
`FIG. 89A illustrate a pulse generator according to embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIGS. 89B—C illustrate various example signal diagrams associated with the pulse
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`generator in FIG. 89A, according to embodiments of the invention;
`
`FIG. 89D-E illustrate various example pulse generators according to embodiments
`
`of the present invention;
`
`FIGS. 90A—D illustrates various implementation circuits for the modulator 7410,
`
`according to embodiments of the present invention;
`
`FIG. 91 illustrates an IQ transceiver 9100 according to embodiments ofthe present
`
`invention;
`
`FIG. 92 illustrates direct sequence spread spectrum according to embodiments of
`
`the present invention;
`
`FIG. 93 illustrates the LNA/PA module 3904 according to embodiments of the
`
`present invention;
`
`FIG. 94 illustrates a WLAN device 9400, according to embodiments of the
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`25
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`invention of the present invention; and
`
`FIGS. 95A—C, and FIGS. 96-161 illustrate schematics for an integrated circuit
`
`implementation example of the present invention.
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`-11_
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`Detailed Description ofthe Preferred Embodiments
`
`Table of Contents
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`Universal Frequency Translation
`
`Frequency Down-Conversion
`
`Frequency Up-Conversion
`
`Enhanced Signal Reception
`
`Unified Down-Conversion and Filtering
`
`Example Application Embodiments of the Invention
`
`6.1
`
`Data Communication
`
`6.1.1 Example Implementations: Interfaces, Wireless Modems, Wireless
`
`LANs, etc.
`
`6.1.2 Example Modifications
`
`6.2
`
`Other Example Applications
`
`7.0
`
`Example WLAN Implementation Embodiments
`
`7.1
`
`7.2
`
`Architecture
`
`Receiver
`
`7.2.1
`
`IQ Receiver
`
`722 Multi-Phase IQ Receiver
`
`7.2.2.1Example I/Q Modulation Control Signal Generator
`
`Embodiments
`
`7222 Implementation of Multi-phase I/Q Modulation Receiver
`
`Embodiment with Exemplary Waveforms
`
`7.2.2.3 Example Single Channel Receiver Embodiment
`
`7.2.2.4 Alternative Example I/Q Modulation Receiver Embodiment
`
`7.3
`
`Transmitter
`
`7.3.1 Universal Transmitter with 2 UFT Modules
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`7.3.1.1 Balanced Modulator Detailed Description
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`5
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`7.3.1.2 Balanced Modulator Example Signal Diagrams and
`
`Mathematical Description
`
`7.3.1.3 Balanced Modulator Having a Shunt Configuration
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`7.3.1.4 Balanced Modulator FET Configuration
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`5
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`7.3.1.5 Universal Transmitter Configured for Carrier Insertion
`
`7.3.2 Universal Transmitter In IQ Configuration
`
`7.3.2.1 IQ Transmitter Using Series-Type Balanced Modulator
`
`7 3.2.2 IQ Transmitter Using Shunt-Type Balanced Modulator
`
`7.3.2.3 IQ Transmitters Configured for Carrier Insertion
`
`10
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`7.4
`
`Transceiver Embodiments
`
`7.5
`
`7.6
`
`7.7
`
`7.8
`
`Demodulator/Modulator Facilitation Module
`
`MAC Interface
`
`Control Signal Generator - Synthesizer
`
`LNA/PA
`
`8.0
`
`9.0
`
`802.11 Physical Layer Configurations
`
`Appendix
`
`10.0
`
`Conclusion
`
`
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`_13_
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`1.
`
`Universal Frequency Translation
`
`The present invention is related to frequency translation, and applications ofsame.
`
`Such applications include, but are not limited to, frequency down-conversion, frequency
`
`up-conversion, enhanced signal reception, unified down-conversion and filtering, and
`
`5
`
`combinations and applications of same.
`
`
`
`20
`
`FIG. 1A illustrates auniversal frequency translation (UFT) module 102 according
`
`to embodiments ofthe invention. (The UFT module is also sometimes called a universal
`
`frequency translator, or a universal translator.)
`
`As indicated by the example of FIG. 1A, some embodiments of the UFT module
`
`102 include three ports (nodes), designated in FIG. 1A as Port 1, Port 2, and Port 3.
`
`Other UFT embodiments include other than three ports.
`
`Generally, the UFT module 102 (perhaps in combination with other components)
`
`operates to generate an output signal from an input signal, where the frequency of the
`
`output signal differs from the frequency of the input signal.
`
`In other words, the UFT
`
`module 102 (and perhaps other components) operates to generate the output signal from
`
`the input signal by translating the frequency (and perhaps other characteristics) of the
`
`input signal to the frequency (and perhaps other characteristics) of the output signal.
`
`An example embodiment of the UFT module 103 is generally illustrated in FIG.
`
`1B. Generally, the UFT module 103 includes a switch 106 controlled by a control signal
`108. The switch 106 is said to be a controlled switch.
`
`As noted above, some UFT embodiments include other than three ports. For
`
`example, and without limitation, FIG. 2 illustrates an example UFT module 202, The
`
`example UFT module 202 includes a diode 204 having two ports, designated as Port 1
`
`25
`
`and Port 2/3. This embodiment does not include a third port, as indicated by the dotted
`line around the "Port 3" label.
`
`The UFT module is a very powerfiil and flexible device. Its flexibility is illustrated,
`
`in part, by the wide range of applications in which it can be used. Its power is illustrated,
`
`in part, by the usefiilness and performance of such applications.
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`For example, a UFT module 115 can be used in a universal frequency down-
`
`conversion (UFD) module 114, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1C.
`
`In this
`
`capacity, the UFT module 115 frequency down-converts an input signal to an output
`signal.
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`5
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`As another example, as shown in FIG. 1D, a UFT module 117 can be used in a
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`10
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`
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`20
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`25
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`universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module 1 16. In this capacity, the UFT module
`
`117 frequency up-converts an input signal to an output signal.
`
`These and other applications ofthe UFT module are described below. Additional
`
`applications of the UFT module will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s)
`
`based on the teachings contained herein.
`
`In some applications, the UFT module is a
`
`required component.
`
`In other applications, the UFT module is an optional component.
`
`2.
`
`Frequency Down- Conversion
`
`The present invention is directed to systems and methods of universal frequency
`down-conversion, and applications of same.
`
`In particular, the following discussion describes down-converting using a Universal
`
`Frequency Translation Module. The down-conversion ofan EM signal by aliasing the EM
`
`signal at an aliasing rate is fully described in co-pending U. S. Patent Application entitled
`
`"Method and System for Down-Converting Electromagnetic Signals,” Ser. No.
`
`09/176,022, filed October 21, 1998, issued as U. S. PatentNo. 6,061,551 on May 9, 2000,
`the full disclosure ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference. A relevant portion ofthe
`
`above mentioned patent application is summarized below to describe down-converting an
`
`input signal to produce a down-converted signal that exists at a lower frequency or a
`
`baseband signal.
`
`FIG. 20A illustrates an aliasing module 2000 (also called a universal frequency
`down-conversion module) for down-conversion using a universal frequency translation
`
`(UFT) module 2002 which down-converts an EM input signal 2004.
`
`In parti