`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`____________
`
`
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`____________
`
`
`
`ASUSTEK COMPUTER INC. AND ASUS COMPUTER INTERNATIONAL,
`
`Petitioners
`
`v.
`
`MAXELL, LTD.,
`
`Patent Owner
`
`____________
`
`
`
`Case: IPR2019-00071
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,430,498
`
`Issued: August 6, 2002
`
`Inventor(s): Kishiko Maruyama, Shigeru Shimada, and Toshiichirou Sasaki
`
`Title: PORTABLE TERMINAL WITH THE FUNCTION OF WALKING
`
`NAVIGATION
`
`____________
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`UNDER 35 U.S.C. §311-319 AND 37 C.F.R. §42
`
`
`
`
`Mail Stop PATENT BOARD
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`US Patent and Trademark Office
`PO Box 1450
`Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450
`
`
`
`Apple v. Maxell
`IPR2020-00408
`Maxell Ex. 2020
`
`Page 1 of 111
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`

`

`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`TABLE OF EXHIBITS ....................................................................................... viii
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1
`
`II. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.8 ................................ 2
`A.
`Real Party in Interest (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1)) ......................................... 2
`B.
`Related Matters (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2)) .................................................. 2
`C.
`Designation of Counsel (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3)) ..................................... 2
`D.
`Service Information (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(4)) ........................................... 3
`
`III. PAYMENT OF FEES (37 C.F.R. §42.103) ................................................. 3
`
`IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. §42.104 ........................ 3
`A. Grounds for Standing (37 C.F.R. §42.104(a))........................................... 3
`B.
`Summary of the Challenges (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(1)–(2)) ..................... 3
`C.
`Claim Construction (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(3)) ......................................... 4
`D. Unpatentability of the Construed Claims (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(4)) ....... 4
`E.
`Supporting Evidence (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(5)) ....................................... 5
`
`V.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE ’498 PATENT .................................................. 5
`A.
`Technology Background and Patent Summary ......................................... 5
`B.
`The Prosecution History of the ’498 Patent ............................................11
`
`VI. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(3)) ............................13
`A.
`Indefiniteness ...........................................................................................13
`1.
`“a device for getting location information denoting a present place
`of said portable terminal” and “a device for getting direction
`information denoting an orientation of said portable terminal” (Claims
`1, 5, and 10) ...........................................................................................15
`2.
`“walking navigation,” “walking navigation information,” and “said
`walking navigation information” (Claims 1, 5, and 10) ........................19
`3.
`“route guidance information” and “neighborhood guidance
`information” (Claims 1, 5, 8, and 10) ....................................................20
`
`VII. THERE IS A REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD THAT PETITIONER
`WILL PREVAIL WITH RESPECT TO AT LEAST ONE CLAIM OF
`THE ’498 PATENT .....................................................................................21
`A.
`Priority Date ............................................................................................21
`B.
`Prior Art ...................................................................................................22
`1.
`Japanese Patent H07-280583 (“Suzuki”) .......................................22
`2.
`Japanese Patent Number H10-170301 (“Nosaka”) ........................26
`3. U.S. Patent No. 5,781,150 (“Norris”) ............................................30
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`4. U.S. Patent No. 5,592,382 (“Colley”) ............................................34
`C. Motivations to Combine ..........................................................................36
`1. Ground 1: Claims 1-3, and 5-8 of the ’498 Patent are rendered
`obvious by Suzuki in combination with Nosaka under 35 U.S.C. § 103.
`
`37
`2. Ground 2: Claims 1-3, and 5-8 of the ’498 Patent are rendered
`obvious by Suzuki in combination with Colley under 35 U.S.C. § 103.
`
`38
`3. Ground 3: 1-3 and 5-7 of the ‘498 patent are rendered obvious by
`Suzuki in combination with Colley and Ellenby under 35 U.S.C § 103.
`
`39
`4. Ground 4: Claims 1, 3-5, 7-11, and 13 of the ‘498 patent are
`rendered obvious by Norris in combination with Colley under 35 U.S.C
`§ 103. ......................................................................................................41
`5. Ground 5: Claims 1-2, 5-6, 8, 10, and 12, of the ’498 Patent are
`rendered obvious by Norris in combination with Nosaka and Colley
`under 35 U.S.C. § 1003. .........................................................................42
`6. Ground 6: Claims 1-2, 5-6, 8, 10, and 12, of the ’498 Patent are
`rendered obvious by Norris in combination with Colley and Ellenby
`under 35 U.S.C. § 1003. .........................................................................43
`D. Ground 1: Claims 1-3 and 5-8 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. §103
`as Obvious over the Combination of Suzuki and Nosaka .......................45
`1.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation”
`(Claims 1 and 5). ....................................................................................45
`2.
`“a device for getting location information denoting a present place
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1 and 5) ...........................................46
`3.
`“a device for getting direction information denoting an orientation
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1 and 5) ...........................................49
`4.
`“wherein a direction and a distance of a destination from said
`present place are denoted with an orientation and a length of a line that
`is distinguished between starting and ending points to supply route
`guidance information as said walking navigation information” (Claim
`1) 53
`5.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5], wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets information of a direction pointed by the tip[s] of said
`portable terminal, as well as an angle of elevation” (Claims 2 and 6) ..57
`6.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5] wherein said device for getting direction
`
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`E.
`
`information gets orientation information of a display of said portable
`terminal” (Claims 3 and 7) .....................................................................64
`7.
`“wherein a local route around said present place is shown with a
`bent line and a direction of movement is shown with an arrow on said
`bent line to supply route guidance information as said walking
`navigation information” (Claim 5). .......................................................66
`8.
`“The portable terminal with said function of walking navigation
`according to claim 5 wherein neighborhood guidance information is
`retrieved in a direction form said present place so as to supply said
`neighborhood guidance information as said walking navigation
`information” (Claim 8) ..........................................................................70
`Ground 2: Claims 1-3 and 5-8 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. §103
`as Obvious over the Combination of Suzuki and Colley ........................72
`1.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation”
`(Claims 1 and 5). ....................................................................................72
`2.
`“a device for getting location information denoting a present place
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1 and 5) ...........................................73
`3.
`“a device for getting direction information denoting an orientation
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1 and 5) ...........................................74
`4.
`“wherein a direction and a distance of a destination from said
`present place are denoted with an orientation and a length of a line that
`is distinguished between starting and ending points to supply route
`guidance information as said walking navigation information” (Claim
`1) 75
`5.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5], wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets information of a direction pointed by the tip[s] of said
`portable terminal, as well as an angle of elevation” (Claims 2 and 6) ..77
`6.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5] wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets orientation information of a display of said portable
`terminal” (Claims 3 and 7) .....................................................................78
`7.
`“wherein a local route around said present place is shown with a
`bent line and a direction of movement is shown with an arrow on said
`bent line to supply route guidance information as said walking
`navigation information” (Claim 5). .......................................................79
`8.
`“The portable terminal with said function of walking navigation
`according to claim 5 wherein neighborhood guidance information is
`retrieved in a direction form said present place so as to supply said
`
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`F.
`
`neighborhood guidance information as said walking navigation
`information” (Claim 8) ..........................................................................80
`Ground 3: Claims 1-3 and 5-7 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. §103
`as Obvious over the Combination of Suzuki, Colley, and Ellenby .........81
`1.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation”
`(Claims 1 and 5). ....................................................................................81
`2.
`“a device for getting location information denoting a present place
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1 and 5) ...........................................81
`3.
`“wherein a direction and a distance of a destination from said
`present place are denoted with an orientation and a length of a line that
`is distinguished between starting and ending points to supply route
`guidance information as said walking navigation information” (Claim
`1) 81
`4.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5] wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets orientation information of a display of said portable
`terminal” (Claims 3 and 7) .....................................................................81
`5.
`“wherein a local route around said present place is shown with a
`bent line and a direction of movement is shown with an arrow on said
`bent line to supply route guidance information as said walking
`navigation information” (Claim 5). .......................................................81
`6.
`“a device for getting direction information denoting an orientation
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1 and 5) ...........................................81
`7.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5], wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets information of a direction pointed by the tip[s] of said
`portable terminal, as well as an angle of elevation” (Claims 2 and 6) ..83
`G. Ground 4: Claims 1-7 and 9-13 Are Unpatentable Under 35 U.S.C. §103
`as Obvious over the Combination of Norris and Colley. ........................85
`1.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation”
`(Claims 1, 5, and 10). .............................................................................85
`2.
`“a device for getting location information denoting a present place
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1, 5, and 10)....................................86
`3.
`“a device for getting direction information denoting an orientation
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1, 5, and 10)....................................88
`4.
`“wherein a direction and a distance of a destination from said
`present place are denoted with an orientation and a length of a line that
`is distinguished between starting and ending points to supply route
`guidance information as said walking navigation information” (Claim
`1) 90
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`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`5.
`according to Claim [1/5/10], wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets information of a direction pointed by the tip[s] of said
`portable terminal[, as well as an angle of elevation]” (Claims 2, 6, 11,
`and 12) ....................................................................................................93
`6.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5/10] wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets orientation information of a display of said portable
`terminal” (Claims 3, 7, and 13) ..............................................................94
`7.
`“wherein a local route around said present place is shown with a
`bent line and a direction of movement is shown with an arrow on said
`bent line to supply route guidance information as said walking
`navigation information” (Claim 5). .......................................................95
`8.
`“wherein location of a user of said portable terminal is determined
`according to said location information and said direction information”
`(Claims 4, 9, and 10) ..............................................................................95
`9.
`“and wherein location of partner of the user is determined
`according to a location information from the partner's portable
`terminal” (Claims 4, 9, and 10) ..............................................................96
`H. Ground 5: Claims 1-2, 5-6, 8, and 10-12 Are Unpatentable Under 35
`U.S.C. §103 as Obvious over the Combination of Norris, Nosaka, and
`Colley .......................................................................................................98
`Ground 6: Claims 1-2, 5-6, 8, 10, and 12 Are Unpatentable Under 35
`U.S.C. §103 as Obvious over the Combination of Norris, Colley, and
`Ellenby. ....................................................................................................98
`1.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation”
`(Claims 1, 5, and 10). .............................................................................98
`2.
`“a device for getting location information denoting a present place
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1, 5, and 10)....................................98
`3.
`“wherein a local route around said present place is shown with a
`bent line and a direction of movement is shown with an arrow on said
`bent line to supply route guidance information as said walking
`navigation information” (Claim 5). .......................................................98
`4.
`“wherein location of a user of said portable terminal is determined
`according to said location information and said direction information”
`(Claims 4, 9, and 10) ..............................................................................98
`5.
`“and wherein location of partner of the user is determined
`according to a location information from the partner's portable
`terminal” (Claims 4, 9, and 10) ..............................................................98
`
`I.
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`“a device for getting direction information denoting an orientation
`6.
`of said portable terminal” (Claims 1, 5, and 10)....................................99
`7.
`“A portable terminal, with the function of walking navigation
`according to Claim [1/5/10], wherein said device for getting direction
`information gets information of a direction pointed by the tip[s] of said
`portable terminal[, as well as an angle of elevation]” (Claims 2, 6, and
`12) 99
`
`VIII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................99
`
`
`
`
`
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`

`
`
`Cases
`
`TABLE OF CASES
`
` Page(s)
`
`Apple Inc. v. Evolutionary Intelligence, LLC,
`IPR2014-00086, Paper 8 (PTAB Apr. 25, 2014) ............................................... 14
`
`Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC v. Lee,
`136 S. Ct. 2131 (2016) .................................................................................. 13, 14
`
`ePlus, Inc. v. Lawson Software, Inc.,
`700 F.3d 509 (Fed. Cir. 2012) ............................................................................ 14
`
`Mass. Inst. of Tech. v. Abacus Software,
`462 F.3d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2006) .......................................................................... 15
`
`Okajima v. Bourdeau,
`261 F.3d 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2001) .......................................................................... 21
`
`Personalized Media Commc’ns, LLC v. Int’l Trade Comm’n,
`161 F.3d 696 (Fed. Cir. 1998) ............................................................................ 15
`
`Trivascular, Inc. v. Samuels,
`812 F.3d 1056 (Fed. Cir. 2016) .......................................................................... 13
`
`Vibrant Media, Inc. v. Gen. Elec. Co.,
`No. IPR2013-00172, Paper 50 (PTAB July 28, 2014) ....................................... 14
`
`Williamson v. Citrix Online, LLC,
`792 F.3d 1339 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (en banc) .......................................................... 15
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`TABLE OF EXHIBITS
`
`Exhibit Number
`
`Description
`
`ASUS-1001
`
`U.S. Patent 6,430,498 (“the ’498 Patent”)
`
`ASUS-1002
`
`File History of U.S. Patent 6,430,498 (“’498 File History”)
`
`ASUS-1003
`
`Declaration of Mr. Scott Andrews (‘Andrews Decl.”)
`
`ASUS-1004
`
`Japanese Patent Number H07-280583 (“Japanese Suzuki”)
`
`ASUS-1005
`
`English translation of Japanese Patent Number H07-
`280583 (“Suzuki”)
`
`ASUS-1006
`
`Declaration of Noah Oskow regarding translation of Suzuki
`(“Oskow1”)
`
`ASUS-1007
`
`Japanese Patent Number H10-170301 (“Japanese Nosaka”)
`
`ASUS-1008
`
`English translation of Japanese Patent Number H10-
`170301 (“Nosaka”)
`
`ASUS-1009
`
`Declaration of Noah Oskow regarding translation of
`Nosaka (“Oskow2”)
`
`ASUS-1010
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,781,150 (“Norris”)
`
`ASUS-1011
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,592,382 (“Colley”)
`
`ASUS-1012
`
`Excerpts of Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary,
`Tenth Edition, (1993) (“Webster”)
`
`ASUS-1013
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,875,412 (“Sulich”)
`
`ASUS-1014
`
`TravTek Global Evaluation and Executive Summary
`(Publication No. FHWA-RD-96-031 March 1996),
`(“TravTek1”)
`
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`
`
`ASUS-1015
`
`TravTek System Architecture Evaluation (Publication No.
`FHWA-RD-94-141 July 1995), (“TravTek2”)
`
`ASUS-1016
`
`TravTek Evaluation Orlando Test Network Study
`(Publication No. FHWA-RD-95-162 January 1996),
`(“TravTek3”)
`
`ASUS-1017
`
`Printout of Smithsonian webpage regarding Magellan Nav
`100 product (“Magellan”)
`
`ASUS-1018
`
`Jim Mateja, New Systems Keep You Safe and On Track,
`CHICAGO TRIBUNE (Jan. 22, 1995), printed from
`http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-01-
`22/travel/9501220175_1_delco-electronics-aftermarket-
`system-radio-slot
`
`ASUS-1019
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,627,547 (“Ramaswamy”)
`
`ASUS-1020
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,414,630 (“Usui”)
`
`ASUS-1021
`
`Excerpt of Academic Press Dictionary of Science and
`Technology (1992)
`
`ASUS-1022
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,815,411 (“Ellenby”)
`
`ASUS-1023
`
`August 10, 2018 email from Brady Cox to Bill Barrow
`(“Email”)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`ASUSTek Computer Inc. and ASUS Computer International (collectively
`
`“ASUS” or “Petitioners”) petition for Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) seeking
`
`cancellation of claims 1-13 (“the Challenged Claims”) of U.S. Patent No. 6,430,498
`
`(ASUS-1001, “the ’498 Patent”), assigned to Maxell, Ltd. (“Patent Owner”). Each
`
`of these claims are obvious in view of the prior art.
`
`As will be shown below, the ’498 Patent generally relates to an apparatus for
`
`providing navigation information to a pedestrian user on a display. It uses only
`
`conventional and ordinary technological components (including a GPS, an infrared
`
`ray sensor, a control unit a compass, a gyro, a clinometer, and a control unit (e.g. a
`
`processor)) that were known to a POSITA at the alleged time of invention. Handheld
`
`portable GPS receivers with built-in compasses were well-known. The only alleged
`
`point of novelty during the prosecution of the ’498 Patent was the graphic display of
`
`different types of route guidance information. The three alleged points of novelty
`
`(one for each independent claim) essentially amount to providing navigation
`
`information (1) showing a straight line to a destination, (2) showing a bent line to a
`
`destination, and (3) showing a route to a partner’s portable device. As Petitioners
`
`show below, none of these elements were novel or non-obvious.
`
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`II. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.8
`
`A. Real Party in Interest (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1))
`
`The real parties in interest for Petitioners are ASUSTek Computer Inc. and
`
`ASUS Computer International.
`
`B. Related Matters (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2))
`
`The ’498 Patent is at issue in Maxell, Ltd. v. ASUSTeK Computer Inc. and
`
`ASUS Computer International, Case No. 3-18-cv-01788 (N.D. Cal.), which was
`
`originally filed in the Central District of California and transferred pursuant to a
`
`Court order to the Northern District of California. Maxell, Ltd. v. ASUSTeK
`
`Computer Inc. and ASUS Computer International, Case No. 2-17-cv-07528 (C.D.
`
`Cal.).
`
`C. Designation of Counsel (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3))
`
`Lead counsel is Christopher T.L. Douglas (Reg. No. 56,950) of Alston & Bird
`
`LLP, Bank of America Plaza, 101 South Tryon Street, Suite 4000, Charlotte, NC
`
`28280-4000, Tel: 704.444.1000, Fax: 704.444.1111. Backup counsel is Thomas W.
`
`Davison (Reg. No. 57,160), 950 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20004-1404, Tel:
`
`202-239-3933, Fax: (202) 654-4913 and Derek S. Neilson (Reg. No. 65,447), 2828
`
`North Harwood Street, 18th Floor, Dallas, TX 75201-2139, Tel: 214.922.3400, Fax:
`
`- 2 -
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`214.922.3899. Pursuant to 37 C.F.R § 42.10(b), Powers of Attorney are being
`
`submitted with this Petition.
`
`D.
`
`Service Information (37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(4))
`
`Petitioners
`
`consent
`
`to
`
`electronic
`
`service
`
`directed
`
`to
`
`Christopher.Douglas@alston.com,
`
`Tom.Davison@alston.com,
`
`Derek.Neilson@alston.com, and ASUS-Maxell@alston.com.
`
`III. PAYMENT OF FEES (37 C.F.R. §42.103)
`
`Petitioners authorize the Patent Office to charge Deposit Account No. 16-
`
`0605 for the Petition fee set forth in 37 C.F.R. §42.15(a), and for any additional fees.
`
`IV. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. §42.104
`
`A. Grounds for Standing (37 C.F.R. §42.104(a))
`
`Petitioner certifies that the ’498 Patent is available for inter partes review and
`
`that Petitioner is not barred or estopped from requesting an IPR challenging Claims
`
`1-13 on the grounds identified herein.
`
`B.
`
`Summary of the Challenges (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(1)–(2))
`
`Pursuant to Rules 42.22(a)(1) and 42.104(b)(1)–(2), Petitioners request
`
`cancellation of Claims 1-13 in the ’498 Patent on the following grounds:
`
`Ground 1: Claims 1-3 and 5-8 of the ’498 Patent are unpatentable under 35
`
`U.S.C. §103 over the combination of Suzuki and Nosaka.
`
`- 3 -
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`Ground 2: Claims 1-3 and 5-8 of the ’498 Patent are unpatentable under 35
`
`U.S.C. §103 over the combination of the Suzuki and Colley.
`
`Ground 3: Claims 1-3 and 5-7 of the ’498 Patent are unpatentable under 35
`
`U.S.C. §103 over the combination of the Suzuki, Colley, and Ellenby.
`
`Ground 4: Claims 1-7 and 9-13 of the ’498 Patent are unpatentable under 35
`
`U.S.C. §103 over the combination of Norris and Colley.
`
`Count 5: Claims 1-2, 5-6, 8, 10, and 12 of the ’498 Patent are unpatentable
`
`under 35 U.S.C. §103 over the combination of Norris, Colley, and Nosaka.
`
`Count 6: Claims 1-2, 5-6, 8, 10, and 12 of the ‘’498 Patent are unpatentable
`
`under 35 U.S.C. § 103 over the combination of Norris, Colley, and Ellenby.
`
`C. Claim Construction (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(3))
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`An explanation of how the Challenged Claims of the ’498 Patent should be
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`construed is provided in Section VI, below.
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`D. Unpatentability of the Construed Claims (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(4))
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`An explanation of how the Challenged Claims of the ’498 Patent are
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`unpatentable under the statutory grounds identified above is provided in Section VII,
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`below.
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`E.
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`Supporting Evidence (37 C.F.R. §42.104(b)(5))
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`The text below provides exhibit numbers of the supporting evidence relied
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`upon to support the challenge and the relevance of the evidence to the challenge
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`raised, including identifying specific portions of the evidence that support the
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`challenge. A Table of Exhibits with the exhibit numbers and a brief description of
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`each exhibit is set forth above.
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`V. BACKGROUND OF THE ’498 PATENT
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`A. Technology Background and Patent Summary
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`As noted earlier, the ’498 Patent claims priority to a U.S. application filed on
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`July 11, 2000, and claims priority to a Japanese patent application filed on July 12,
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`1999.
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`The ’498 patent describes “a portable terminal provided with the function of
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`walking navigation, which can supply location-related information to the walking
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`user.” ASUS-1001, 1:10–13. According to the ’498 patent, conventional navigation
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`systems at the time of the invention were unsuitable for walking navigation because
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`they were too large to be carried by a walking user. Id. at 1:31–38. At the same time,
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`maps provided by conventional map information services could not be displayed
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`clearly on the small screens of portable telephones. Id. at 1:46–52. The invention of
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`the ’498 patent purportedly addressed these problems by providing a portable
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`terminal that can “supply location information easier for the user to understand
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`during walking.” Id. at 2:53–54. The portable terminal obtains location information
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`(by using a GPS receiver and an infrared ray sensor) and direction information of
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`the terminal (by using a compass, gyro, and clinometer to determine the direction of
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`the tip and/or the display of the portable terminal). Id. at Abstract, 2:66–3:4. Based
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`on this location and direction information, the portable terminal obtains and displays
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`information such as route guidance for reaching a destination or, if no destination is
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`selected, neighborhood guidance relating to entertainment, businesses, and
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`restaurants. Id. at Abstract, 3:5– 42.
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`The independent claims of the ’498 Patent are directed to three separate
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`embodiments, each using a claimed means for getting location information and
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`means for getting direction information. In the first embodiment, as illustrated in
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`Figs. 3(a) and 3(b), a straight arrow indicating direction and distance to the
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`destination is displayed to the user (“as the crow flies,” without turn-by-turn
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`directions).
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`In the second embodiment, as illustrated in Figs. 3(c) through 3(f), a bent line
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`is displayed with an arrow indicating a direction of movement.
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`In the third embodiment, as illustrated in Fig. 5, the mobile terminal received
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`location information from a partner’s mobile terminal and displays a line to that
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`partner’s terminal.
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`These allegedly novel and non-obvious methods of display are the alleged
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`difference between the ’498 Patent and the prior art, as all other elements of the claims
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`were found by the Examiner to be found in, or obvious in view of, the prior art. See
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`Section V.B, infra. (describing the Examiner’s findings that the claimed “devices for
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`getting [location/direction] information. . .” and other dependent claim limitations
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`were present in the prior art). As described below, the navigation/positional
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`information systems and display options described in the ’498 Patent were well known
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`for many years prior to July 12, 1999. ASUS-1003, § 5. For example, handheld GPS
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`receivers and various mapping display options were all notoriously well known to
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`POSITAs as of July 1999. Id.
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`Furthermore, the prior TravTek system was able to generate a route from the
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`current location to the selected restaurant. The figure below shows the presentation of
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`a route indicated by a bent line (shaded and indicated in the photo) indicating the
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`specific route to take from the current location to the selected destination.
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`(ASUS-1016, Fig. 4)
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`This same display approach has been used by nearly every moving map
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`navigation system. For example, the 1996 Acura RL was one of the first production
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`navigation systems sold in the United States. Dr. Andrews personally photographed
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`display a 1996 Acura RL. ASUS-1003 ¶ 54. The image below shows a map display
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`with the starting point (red arrowhead) and destination (red target) linked by a route
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`that is indicated by a bent blue line with arrows to indicate the direction to go, the
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`distance, and where to turn.
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`ASUS-1003, ¶ 54.
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`Thus a POSITA would also have been highly familiar with the concept of
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`showing recommended routes by using a highlighted line that was bent to follow the
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`specific course of roads from the starting location to the destination. § ASUS-1003,
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`¶¶ 54-55. In the event of a straight recommended route from the location to the
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`destination, that route would be a straight arrow. Id.
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`B.
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`The Prosecution History of the ’498 Patent
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`In the initial rejection of the then-pending claims of the ’498 Patent, the
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`Examiner rejected several claims for lack of antecedent basis. ASUS-1002, p. 102.
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`The Examiner also rejected the pending claims, finding that US Patent No.
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`5,146,231 (“Ghaem”) taught a portable terminal with the function of walking
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`navigation comprising a device for getting location information and a device for
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`getting direction information denoting an orientation of the terminal, and various
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`dependent limitations. Id. at 103. The Examiner had also rejected then-pending
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`claims 3 and 8-10 as obvious in view of Ghaem, finding it would be obvious to enter
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`a desired meeting location with a partner as a desired destination. Id. at 104.
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`Applicant later amended the three independent claims to add the following
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`respective claim limitations:
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` “wherein a direction and a distance of a destination from said present place are
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`denoted with an orientation and a length of a line that is distinguished between
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`starting and ending points to supply route guidance information as said walking
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`navigation information”
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` “wherein a local route around said present place is shown with a bent line and a
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`direction of movement is shown with an arrow on said bent line to supply route
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`guidance information as said walking navigation information”
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` “wherein a full route from said starting point to said destination is shown with a
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`bent line that is distinguished between starting and ending points and said present
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`place is shown with a symbol on said line to supply said route guidance
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`information as said walking navigation information”
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`Id. at 135-37. In response, the Examiner allowed the claims, finding the above
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`limitations were not disclosed in the prior art. Id. at 140-41.
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`VI. CLAIM CONSTRUC