The Threshold dialog box appears.
`3. To specify the threshold level, position the pointer on the slider below the
`histogram.
`
`Threshold leuel: 128
`
`K OK D
`( cancel)
`
`(preUiew)
`
`4. Holding down the mouse button, drag the slider until the threshold level you
`want appears at the top of the dialog box.
`S. Click OK.
`
`150 gray level
`
`Before Threshold command
`
`210 gray level
`
`Threshold value: 175
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`273
`
`(1
`
`(\
`
`('
`r
`('
`
`r
`
`('
`
`r
`r
`('
`
`(1
`r
`r
`(1
`
`(1
`
`('
`
`( \
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0301
`
`

`

`Creating a color curve
`The arbitrary map feature allows you to correct the color in an image by
`remapping the color values of pixels with a high degree of accuracy. Remapping
`changes the current color values of pixels to different color values. You can define
`a color curve to create special effects. In conjunction with the separation setup
`parameters, the arbitrary map can also be used to create custom black-generation
`functions used to define the conversion from RGB to CMYK.
`Each pixel in the image is mapped to a certain color level or levels from 0 (black)
`to 255 (white). The arbitrary map feature remaps the pixels' color values by
`defining a curve that specifies the different color values to which the pixels are to
`be mapped. The remapping is done through the Arbitrary Map dialog box, which
`is accessed through the Arbitrary command in the Map submenu.
`The arbitrary map feature works on the active channel. If you open the Arbitrary
`Map dialog box while working on an indexed color image or the RGB channel of
`an RGB image, you have the option of remapping the color values for all three
`channels at once, or remapping the color values for individual channels separate(cid:173)
`ly. If you select the master channel, the changes you make are applied to all three
`channels. If you select the red, green, or blue channel, the changes are applied to
`the selected channel after the changes have been applied to the master channel's
`map.
`You use the large square field in the Arbitrary Map dialog box to remap the color
`values of pixels in the image. You remap the color values by defining a curve in
`which the X and Y values for a given pOint on the curve are different. To define
`the curve used to remap the pixels' color values, you drag through the square
`field, which functions as a graph in which X and Y coordinates represent color
`values.
`The X axis represents the original color values of the pixels, and the Y axis repre(cid:173)
`sents the new color values. Both axes range from 0 (black) to 255 (white). The X
`values increase from left to right, and the Y values increase from bottom to top.
`The diagonal line that appears by default in the field shows the current status of
`the pixels' color values, where the X values are equal to the Y values.
`As you remap the pixels' color values, you can constrain the curve you draw to a
`line. After you have defined the curve, you can smooth it, or reset the curve to
`the diagonal line that appears when you first open the dialog box.
`
`274
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0302
`
`

`

`When the pOinter is positioned at the extreme lower right corner of the field, the
`X value, the current color value, is 255, and the Y value, the new color value for
`the pixels, is O. Markers appear on the sides of the field, and show the position of
`the pointer relative to the original and new color levels. Each tick mark on the
`side of the field represents approximately 13 steps in the 256-step scale.
`In the illustration below, a straight line has been drawn from the lower right
`corner to the upper left corner, to create a negative of the current image, because
`the current color level of each pixel is remapped to its inverse value on the scale.
`
`Gray scale image before remapping
`
`After remapping
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`275
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0303
`
`

`

`To access the Arbitrary Map dialog box:
`1. Choose Map from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Arbitrary from the Map submenu.
`The Arbitrary Map dialog box appears.
`
`H:
`
`Rrbitrary Map
`Y:
`
`n OK
`
`l
`
`Cancel
`
`(PrelJiew)
`
`load ...
`
`SalJe ...
`
`[ Reset
`
`[ smooth)
`
`@Master
`o Red
`o Green
`OBlue
`
`3. For RGB and indexed color images, click Master, Red, Green, or Blue to select the
`channel to which you want the changes applied.
`
`276
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0304
`
`

`

`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`(\
`
`("
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`('
`
`(\
`
`(\
`
`(\
`r
`
`('
`
`(\
`
`('
`
`(\
`
`('
`
`( '
`
`To remap the current brightness levels of pixels to new levels:
`1. Position the pencil pOinter where you want to begin.
`2. Holding down the mouse button, drag to define a curve that remaps the pixels to
`the brightness levels you want.
`3. When you have finished defining your curve, release the mouse button.
`
`/Yaxis
`
`H: 177
`
`/
`1/
`
`/
`
`LX aXIs
`
`Arbitrary Map
`y. 100
`•
`
`I
`
`~ OK
`~
`( Cancel )
`(preUiew)
`
`/ ( load ... J
`
`r-
`
`"
`
`( Saue ... )
`
`( Reset J
`( Smooth J
`
`@ Master
`o Red
`o Green
`OBlue
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`277
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0305
`
`

`

`4. To smooth the curve you've drawn, click Smooth.
`
`H:
`
`//' ••....
`
`Rrbitrary Map
`Y:
`
`' J~
`
`//
`
`:
`
`;
`;
`
`:
`
`/ J
`
`'.
`
`~'-;
`
`.. /
`
`(
`J
`OK
`( Cancel )
`(preOiew)
`
`( Load ... J
`( Saoe ... J
`( Reset )
`( Smooth )
`@ Master
`ORed
`o Green
`OBlue
`
`To constrain the pencil pointer to draw straight lines:
`1. Click in the field where you want the line to begin.
`2. Hold down the Shift key.
`3. Click where you want the straight line to end.
`4. Release the Shift key.
`S. As an option, to reset the curve to the straight, diagonal line where X axis values
`equal Y axis values, click Reset.
`6. To apply the arbitrary map to the image, click OK.
`To save the current arbitrary map:
`1. Click Save in the Arbitrary Map dialog box.
`2. Type the file name in which you want to save the arbitrary map.
`If necessary, use the drive and directory buttons to access the folder in which you
`want to save the map.
`3. Click Save.
`The arbitrary map is saved with the name and in the location you specified.
`
`278
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0306
`
`

`

`To load a previously saved map:
`1. Click Load in the Arbitrary Map dialog box.
`The Open dialog box appears.
`If necessary, use the drive and directory buttons to open the folder that contains
`the map you want to load.
`2. Click the map you want.
`3. Click Open.
`4. Click OK to apply the map to the image.
`The selected arbitrary map is loaded into the dialog box and is used to remap the
`brightness levels of the pixels in the document.
`
`Before brightness curve
`
`After brightness curve
`
`Creating and using custom color correction maps
`In a production environment, you may need to scan a large number of images
`and apply the same set of color corrections to all of them. You can do so two
`ways: through a keyboard enhancement program, or by creating a custom color
`correction map.
`Keyboard enhancement programs, like QuickeysTM, allow you to record the key(cid:173)
`strokes for your first set of corrections, and play the keystrokes back for subse(cid:173)
`quent images. The playback is dependent on the sophistication of your keyboard
`enhancement program.
`Custom color correction maps, once created, can be applied each time you need
`to scan and make color corrections to a batch of images.
`The custom map files on the Calibration disk included in the Adobe Photoshop
`package can be used to adjust colors or gray values. The files, called Custom Mapl
`RGB or Custom Map/B&W, for color or gray-scale images, respectively, contain
`the base color information needed to create custom, arbitrary maps.
`
`( \
`\
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`279
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0307
`
`

`

`Creating and using a custom color correction map is a two-step process. First, you
`adjust your image and record the adjustment values. You transfer those values to
`the Custom Map file, then save that file in the Raw format. Once saved, the file
`becomes an arbitrary map. To use the map to adjust color in a batch of images,
`load the new arbitrary map into the Arbitrary Map dialog box, and then apply the
`map to your image or series of images.
`To create a color correction map:
`1. Open the image to be used to create the custom map. This will be your calibration
`image.
`2. Open the Custom Map/RGB or Custom Map/B&W file, depending on whether
`your calibration image is color or gray scale.
`3. Click your calibration image to make it the active window.
`4. In either the Map and Adjust submenu in the Image menu, choose any of the
`following color adjustment commands to run on the calibration image: Levels,
`Color Balance, Invert, Threshold, Posterize.
`5. Record the order in which the adjustments are applied, and write down the
`numerical values of each adjustment. For example, if Levels adjustment is used
`and the Input Levels are changed to 1/5, 1.4, and 245," write those numbers down.
`6. When you have finished making all adjustments to the calibration image, make
`the Custom Map file the active window.
`7. Apply all of the changes you made to the calibration document to the Custom
`Map file, in the order in which they were made.
`S. Choose Save As from the File menu, and select the Raw file format.
`9. Type the document name you wish; it may be helpful to append "map" to the
`name. Enter SBLT for the File Type, and SBIM for the File Creator. Check the Non(cid:173)
`interleaved radio button if you are saving an RGB ajustment. Click OK.
`You have now created and saved a custom color correction map.
`To apply this map to other images:
`1. Open the image in which you will correct the color.
`2. Choose Map from the Image menu.
`3. Choose Arbitrary Map from the Map submenu. The Arbitrary Map dialog box
`appears.
`4. Click Load to locate and load the saved color correction map. You can now
`correct the color in your image.
`5. To apply the map to your image, click OK.
`
`280
`
`User Guide
`
`.J
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0308
`
`

`

`Using the color adjustment commands
`The commands used to make color corrections are in the Adjust submenu. You
`access the Adjust submenu via the Image menu. These commands allow you to
`adjust the brightness, contrast, and gamma, the balance or red, green, and blue
`values, and the hue and saturation in a selection.
`To choose the color correction you want:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`The Adjust submenu appears.
`2. Holding down the mouse button, drag over to highlight the color adjustment
`command you want.
`3. When you have selected the desired command, release the mouse button.
`The dialog box used to implement the command appears.
`To move the color correction dialog box to a convenient location:
`1. Position the pointer on the title bar at the top of the dialog box.
`2. Holding down the mouse button, drag the dialog box to the desired location.
`3. Release the mouse button.
`
`Adjusting the brightness and contrast
`You can adjust the brightness and contrast of a selection or the entire image using
`the Brightness/Contrast command. You can increase the contrast in an image to
`improve a flat image, and adjust the brightness to lighten or darken an image.
`
`I NOTE: Expert users will probably prefer to use the Levels command since it offers the
`
`greatest control.
`
`To adjust the brightness in an image:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Brightness/Contrast from the Adjust submenu.
`The Brightness/Contrast dialog box appears.
`
`Brightness/Contrast
`
`Brightness:
`is:
`
`Contrast:
`LS
`
`0
`
`0
`
`n OK »
`Cancel )
`(preUiew)
`
`3. Position the pointer on the Brightness triangle.
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`281
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0309
`
`

`

`4. Holding down the mouse button, drag to the right to increase the brightness;
`drag to the left to decrease the brightness.
`The value at the top of the dialog box displays the amount of brightness that is
`added to or subtracted from each pixel.
`5. When the desired brightness adjustment is displayed, release the mouse button.
`6. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`7. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change, click Cancel.
`
`Original image
`
`Brightness: +30
`
`To adjust the contrast in an image:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Brightness/Contrast from the Adjust submenu.
`3. Position the pointer on the Contrast triangle.
`4. Holding down the mouse button, drag to the right to increase the contrast; drag
`to the left to decrease the contrast.
`5. When the desired contrast adjustment is displayed, release the mouse button.
`The Contrast value shows you how the increase or decrease in contrast in the
`image.
`6. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`7. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`/
`
`/
`
`Original image
`
`Contrast: +30
`
`282
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0310
`
`

`

`\
`
`Adjusting the brightness, contrast, and gamma precisely
`The Adjust Levels command is a powerful tool that allows you to change the
`brightness, contrast, and gamma of an image. Like the Brightness/Contrast
`command, the Adjust Levels command allows you to adjust the brightness and
`contrast in an image. In addition, the Adjust Levels command displays a histo(cid:173)
`gram that lets you see precisely how the changes you make affect the color values
`of pixels in an image.
`Like the other color correction commands, you can use the Adjust Levels com(cid:173)
`mand to adjust color values to visually satisfactory standards. You can also use
`the Adjust Levels command to make very precise changes based upon the color
`values of pixels in the image.
`The ability to adjust the gamma in the image allows you to change the color
`values of the pixels with middle gray values without dramatically changing the
`shadows (very dark pixels) and highlights (very light pixels). You can increase
`or reduce the brightness and contrast in both the highlights and shadows of an
`image.
`The Adjust Levels dialog box displays a histogram of the image. The histogram
`plots the color values versus the number of pixels at each level. You use the slider
`controls at the bottom of the Levels dialog box (Output Levels) to reduce the
`contrast in the image; you use the slider controls directly below the histogram
`(Input Levels) to increase the contrast in the image, and to adjust the brightness
`and gamma.
`If you are working on an RGB or indexed color image, you can select the master
`channel to adjust the color values and apply the changes to the red, green, and
`blue channels Simultaneously, or you can select a single channel and apply the
`changes to that specific channel.
`You can move the dialog box to a convenient location to view the effects of your
`changes by dragging the dialog box by its title bar.
`
`Reducing the contrast using Output Levels
`You can use the slider controls on the bottom of the Adjust Levels dialog box
`(Output Levels) to reduce the contrast in the image. Reducing the contrast using
`the Output Levels control has the effect of lightening the image. The slider
`has two controls: the left, black triangle controls the shadows, and the right,
`white triangle controls the highlights. These slide bar controls allow you to
`remap the color values of pixels in order to narrow the tonal range of an image.
`The triangles' positions on the slide bar correspond to color values.
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`283
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0311
`
`

`

`The values beside the title "Output Levels" display the range of color values in the
`image. The left value displays the lower end of the scale (the shadow areas) and
`right value displays the upper end (the highlight areas). You drag the black Out(cid:173)
`put Levels slider to define the new lower limit of the scale (the 0 value); you drag
`the white Output Levels slider to define the new upper limit of the scale (the 255
`value). The color values of pixels in the image are adjusted to the new upper and
`lower limits of the scale.
`As an example, suppose your image contains colors that cover the entire 0 to 255
`scale. If you drag the black Output Levels triangle to 64, a pixel with a color value
`of 0 is mapped to 64, and pixels with higher color values are raised to correspond(cid:173)
`ing, lighter values. This lightens the image and decreases the contrast in the
`shadow areas. On the other hand, if you drag the white triangle to 128, a pixel
`with a color value of 255 is remapped to 128, and pixels with color values less
`than 255 are lowered to corresponding darker values. This darkens the image and
`decreases the contrast in the highlight areas.
`If you open the Adjust Levels dialog box after decreasing the contrast, you will
`notice that the contrast changes are reflected in the histogram. For example, the
`movement of the black control to level 64 causes the histogram to show no pixels
`with color values between 0 and 63. This is due to the fact that the contrast
`change you made remapped pixels in this range to higher color values.
`
`To decrease the contrast in the shadow areas and lighten the selection:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Levels from the Adjust submenu.
`The Levels dialog box appears.
`
`Input leuels:
`
`leuels
`o 1.00 255
`
`Output leuels:
`
`o 255
`
`1
`
`n OK n
`
`Cancel
`
`(preuiew)
`
`@ Master
`ORed
`o Green
`OBlue
`
`3. To work on an individual channel, click Red, Green, or Blue.
`4. Position the pointer on the black triangle beneath the title "Output Levels."
`
`.~
`
`....... /
`
`284
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0312
`
`

`

`s. Holding down the mouse button, drag the black Output Levels triangle to the
`right until the left value displays the color value you want to use as the lower
`limit on the scale.
`6. Release the mouse button.
`The left value increases as you drag to the right.
`
`Input leuels:
`
`leuels
`o 1.00 255
`
`Output leuels:
`+.+. + ~
`
`54 255
`xx::::::::::::::::::-:-:-.···· ·
`
`n OK »
`
`Cancel
`[Preuiew 1
`@ Master
`ORed
`o Green
`OBlue
`
`7. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`8. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`Original image
`
`Contrast: output levels black triangle, 54
`
`To decrease the contrast in the highlight areas, and at the same, decrease the
`brightness in the selection:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Levels from the Adjust submenu.
`The Levels dialog box appears.
`3. To work on an individual channel, click Red, Green, or Blue.
`4. Position the pointer on the white triangle beneath the title "Output Levels."
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`285
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0313
`
`

`

`5. Holding down the mouse button, drag the white Output Levels triangle to the left
`until the right value displays the color value you want to use as the upper limit
`on the scale.
`6. Release the mouse button.
`The right value decreases as you drag to the left.
`
`Input Leuels:
`
`Leuels
`o 1.00 255
`
`Output Leuels:
`
`o 148
`xx::::::::::::::::::·:·:·.··· · .
`
`t OK
`
`l
`
`( Cancel
`
`[Preuiew)
`
`@ Master
`ORed
`o Green
`OBlue
`
`7. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`8. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`The image reflects the contrast change.
`
`Original image
`
`Contrast: output levels white triangle, 148
`
`Increasing the contrast using Input Levels
`The slider controls directly beneath the histogram in the Levels dialog box (Input
`Levels) allow you to increase the contrast in an image. Increasing the contrast in
`the shadows has the effect of decreasing the effect of darkening the image; in(cid:173)
`creasing the contrast in the highlight areas lightens the image. This is useful
`when you are adjusting a scanned image, because scanned images often do not
`use the entire gray scale, and thus may have too little contrast.
`
`286
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0314
`
`

`

`You can drag the black Input Levels triangle to the right to darken the image and
`increase the contrast in the shadow areas. By dragging the black Input Levels
`triangle, you specify the level where solid black (level 0) starts. Pixels with color
`values below the specified level are mapped to 0 (solid black). Pixels with color
`values higher than the specified level are remapped to the appropriate, corre(cid:173)
`sponding color values.
`You can drag the white Input Levels triangle to the left to lighten the image and
`increase the contrast in the highlights. By dragging the white Input Levels
`triangle, you specify the level that you want mapped to solid white (color value
`255). The pixels with color values above the specified level are mapped to white,
`the other pixels are remapped to the appropriate, corresponding color values on
`the scale. For example, suppose there are two pixels in the image with brightness
`values of 165 and 75, respectively.
`
`1 65 color value
`
`If you drag the white Input Levels triangle to 130, the pixel with the color value
`higher than 130 (the pixel with the 165 color value) is mapped to value 255
`(white) and the pixel with the color value less than 130 (the pixel with the 75
`color value) is mapped to the appropriate, corresponding color value, in this case,
`154.
`
`this pixel is now mapped
`to a color value of 1 45
`
`I
`
`I 1
`
`J
`
`I
`
`this pixel is now ma pped to
`a color value of 255 (white)
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`287
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0315
`
`

`

`The values beside the title "Input Levels" display the values for the shadow color
`levels on the left, the gamma in the middle, and the highlight color levels on the
`right. The position of the Input Levels triangles is mapped to color values. As the
`position of the Input Levels triangles changes, the values above the slider controls
`change.
`To increase the contrast in the shadow areas and darken the image:
`
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Levels from the Adjust submenu.
`The Levels dialog box appears.
`
`3. To work on an individual channel, click Red, Green, or Blue.
`4. Position the pointer on the black Input Levels triangle beneath the histogram.
`S. Holding down the mouse button, drag the black Input Levels triangle to the level
`at which you want to map the darkest color value (0) . As you drag, the left value
`above the slide bar displays the current level.
`
`6. When the contrast in the image is increased to the desired amount, release the
`mouse button.
`7. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`
`8. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`Original image
`
`Adjust levels: input levels black triangle, 30
`
`To increase the contrast in the highlight areas and lighten the image:
`
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Levels from the Adjust submenu.
`
`The Levels dialog box appears.
`
`3. To work on an individual channel, click Red, Green, or Blue.
`4. Position the pointer on the the white triangle directly beneath the histogram
`(Input Levels).
`
`288
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0316
`
`

`

`5. Holding down the mouse button, drag the white Input Levels triangle to the level
`at which you want to map the brightest value (255). As you drag, the right value
`above the slide bar displays the current level.
`6. When the contrast in the image is increased to the desired amount, release the
`mouse button.
`7. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`8. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`Original image
`
`Input levels white triangle at 200
`
`Adjusting the gamma
`At times, you might want to lighten or darken an image without substantially
`changing the highlights and shadows. The gamma control allows you to do this.
`The gamma control is the gray, middle triangle in the Input Levels controls. The
`gamma control primarily affects the color values of the midtones (the middle
`color values in an image). The solid black-and-white areas are not affected.
`To adjust the brightness levels of the midtones:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Levels from the Adjust submenu.
`The Levels dialog box appears.
`3. To work on an individual channel, click Red, Green, or Blue.
`4. Position the pOinter on the gray middle triangle directly beneath the histogram
`(Input Levels).
`5. Holding down the mouse button, drag the gray Input Levels triangle to the right
`to darken the image, or drag to the left to lighten the image.
`6. When the mid tones are adjusted to the level you want, release the mouse button.
`7. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`
`o
`
`\
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`289
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0317
`
`

`

`8. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`Original image
`
`Input Levels gray triangle at 1.67
`
`Adjusting the color balance and color levels
`The Color Balance command in the Adjust submenu of the Image menu allows
`you to change the mixture of colors in an RGB or indexed color image. The pixels
`in an RGB or indexed color image represent colors that are mixtures of the three
`primary colors: red, green, and blue. You can adjust or enhance one of the colors,
`such as the amount of red in an image of grapes and leaves, shown in the illus(cid:173)
`trations below. The Color Balance command operates only on RGB and indexed
`color images.
`You can focus the color balance changes on the shadows, midtones, or high(cid:173)
`lights. The triangle controls in the Color Balance dialog box change their appear(cid:173)
`ance to reflect your selection. When the Shadows option is selected, the triangles
`turn black; when the Midtones option is selected, the triangles turn gray; when
`the Highlights option is selected, the triangles turn white.
`You can also enhance the level of a particular color by dragging a triangle control
`in the Color Balance dialog box toward that color. The values at the top of the
`Color Balance dialog box show the color changes for the red, green, and blue
`channels, in that order, from left to right. You enhance the green, for example,
`by dragging the triangle on the Green slider to the right (toward Green). Positive
`values show an increase in red, green, or blue; negative values show a decrease in
`these colors.
`To adjust the levels of a particular color in an image:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Color Balance from the Adjust submenu.
`
`;
`
`290
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0318
`
`

`

`The Color Balance dialog box appears.
`
`Color Balance
`
`Color leuels:
`
`0
`
`0
`
`0
`
`Cyan
`Red
`:;t
`:;t
`Magenta
`Green
`±
`Yellow
`Blue
`o Shadows @ Midtones o Highlights
`
`n OK
`
`~
`
`Cancel
`
`(preuiew)
`
`3. Click Shadows, Midtones, or Highlights to select the part of the selection on
`which you want to focus the changes.
`4. Position the pointer on the triangle that controls the color you want to adjust.
`5. Holding down the mouse button, drag toward the color if you want to make it
`more prominent in the image, or drag away from the color if you want to reduce
`the level of that color.
`6. When the desired color adjustment is displayed, release the mouse button.
`7. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`8. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`Color Balance: +45 cyan
`
`Color Balance: -45 cyan
`
`Adjusting the hue and saturation
`The Hue/Saturation command in the Adjust submenu of the Image menu adjusts
`the hue and saturation of an image. Hue is color: red, yellow, cyan, and so on.
`Saturation is the purity of the color, and the amount of gray in a color. You use
`slider controls to adjust the hue and saturation. In addition, the Colorize option
`lets you adjust the hue and saturation to specific levels.
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`291
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0319
`
`

`

`By adjusting the hue, you can compensate for shifts in hue that occur in an NTSC
`image (a televsion or video image) that was acquired using a video frame grabber.
`You can use the Hue/Saturation command to push the hues into the correct
`positions on the hue color wheel. You can use the saturation slider to increase or
`decrease the saturation of the colors in the image.
`
`I NOTE: If you adjust the hue and saturation while operating in 24-bit color mode, you
`
`cannot preview the hue changes you make unless you click Preview.
`
`Adjusting the hue
`You use the slider controls beneath the title "Hue" in the Hue/Saturation dialog
`box to adjust the hue of the image. The Hue slider control remaps color levels in
`a unique way. When you drag the Hue triangle, the effect you achieve is analo(cid:173)
`gous to rotating the colors around a hue color wheel, such as the color wheel in
`the Color Wheel dialog box. (The color wheel is displayed by Option-clicking the
`foreground or background color indicator.) The values displayed above the Hue
`slider reflect the number of degrees of rotation around the wheel the colors are to
`be rotated; the direction in which you drag the slider determines the direction of
`rotation around the color wheel.
`If you drag to the right, you rotate the colors in a counterclockwise direction
`around the color wheel; if you drag to the left, you rotate the colors in the clock(cid:173)
`wise direction. For example, if pure blue pixels are included in the selection and
`you drag the triangle to the right until +90 is displayed and click OK, the blue
`color is changed to pink. Pink is the color located 90 degrees in the counterclock(cid:173)
`wise direction from blue on the color wheel.
`
`Select foreground color: D
`
`Hue 10):1. 1Il
`(;J
`Saturation 65535
`Brightness 65535 1Il
`Red 32768 1Il
`(;J
`Green 65535
`(;J
`Blue 1
`
`1.4
`
`( cancel) t OK
`
`)]
`
`90 degrees location
`
`292
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0320
`
`

`

`To adjust the hue of an image:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Hue/Saturation from the Adjust submenu.
`The Hue/Saturation dialog box appears.
`
`Hue/Saturation
`
`0
`
`Hue:
`:is:
`
`Saturation:
`:is:
`
`0
`
`n OK D
`
`Cancel
`
`[preuiew )
`o Colorize
`
`3. Position the pointer on the Hue triangle.
`4. Holding down the mouse button, drag the triangle until the colors appear the
`way you want them.
`5. Release the mouse button.
`6. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`7. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`Original image
`
`Hue: +90
`
`Ii
`
`Chapter 16: Making Color Corrections
`
`293
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0321
`
`

`

`Adjusting the saturation
`
`You use the triangle control beneath the title "Saturation" in the Hue/Saturation
`dialog box to adjust the level of saturation in an image. This operation functions
`in a manner similar tothat of the color wheel. The change in saturation using this
`control is analogous to clicking on the color wheel to adjust the saturation.
`To adjust the saturation of an image:
`1. Choose Adjust from the Image menu.
`2. Choose Hue/Saturation from the Adjust submenu.
`The Hue/Saturation dialog box appears.
`3. Position the pointer on the Saturation triangle.
`4. Holding down the mouse button, drag to the right to increase the saturation, or
`drag to the left to decrease the saturation.
`S. When the saturation adjustment you want is displayed, release the mouse but(cid:173)
`ton.
`6. To preview the change to the selection, click Preview.
`7. To apply the change to the image, click OK. To cancel the change or preview,
`click Cancel.
`
`Saturation: +75
`
`Saturation: -75
`
`Using the Colorize option
`The Colorize option in the Hue/Saturation dialog box allows you to remap the
`hue and saturation levels of pixels to specific values. When you change the
`hue while the Colorize option is active, all colors are remapped to a specific loca(cid:173)
`tion on the color wheel; also, the lightness of the pixels is maintained. The
`Colorize option, when active, adjusts the saturation value of pixels by a specific
`percentage.
`This differs from the standard operation in which the hue and saturation changes
`are based upon the existing values of the pixels. When you change the hue in the
`standard mode, the colors in each pixel rotate around the color wheel the speci(cid:173)
`fied number of degrees relative to their current positions on the wheel.
`
`294
`
`User Guide
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1026, 0322
`
`

`

`When the Colorize option is active, red is treated as the 0 degree pOint on