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`

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`

`

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`

`

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`

`

`PCT
`
`WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION
`International Bureau
`
`
`
`INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
`
`(51) International Patent Classification 6 :
`G11LB 20/00
`
`icati
`i
`(21) International Application Number
`ii
`Fili
`:
`(22) International
`Filing Date
`
`:
`
`15
`
`5
`
`WO 97/43761
`(11) International Publication Number:
`(43) International Publication Date:
`20 November 1997 (20.11.97)
`
`PCT/US97/08 192
`
`May
`
`May
`
`1997 (15.05.97
`(
`
`)
`
`94087 (US). WEBER, Robert, P. [US/US], 215 Waverley
`Street #4, Menio Park. CA 94025 (US).
`.
`(74) Agent: FARIS, Robert, W.; Nixon & Vanderhye P.C., 8th floor,
`1100 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201-4714 (US).
`
`(30) Priority Data:
`US
`15 May 1996 (15.05.96)
`60/017,722
`
`
`60/018,132 US|(81) Designated States: AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR,22 May 1996 (22.05.96)
`08/689,606
`12 August 1996 (12.08.96)
`US
`BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, Fl, GB, GE,
`08/689,754
`12 August 1996 (12.08.96)
`US
`HU,IL, 1S, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS,
`08/699,7 12
`12 August 1996 (12.08.96)
`US
`LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL,
`PCT/US96/ 14262
`4 September 1996 (04.09.96) WO
`PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA,
`(34) Countries for which the regional or
`UG, US, UZ, VN, ARIPO patent (GH, KE, LS, MW, SD,
`USet al.
`international application wasfiled:
`§$Z, UG), Eurasian patent (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU,
`60/037,931
`14 February 1997 (14.02.97)
`US
`TJ, TM), European patent (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI,
`FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OAPI patent
`(BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD,
`TG).
`
`(71) Applicant(for all designated States except US): INTERTRUST
`TECHNOLOGIES CORP.
`[US/US]; 460 Oakmead Park-
`way, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (US).
`
`(72) Inventors; and
`SHEAR, Victor, H.
`(75) Inventors/Applicants (for US only):
`[US/US]; 5203 Battery Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814 (US).
`SIBERT,Olin, W. [US/US]; 30 Ingleside Road, Lexington,
`MA 02173-2522 (US). VANWIE, David, M.
`[US/US];
`Apartment 216, 965 E. El Camino Real, Sunnyvale, CA
`
`Published
`Without international search report and to be republished
`upon receipt of that report.
`
`KEYS
`
`management
`rights
`A
`storage media
`for
`arrangement
`digital
`video
`such
`as
`optical
`disks (DVDs, also called digital
`versatile disks) provides adequate
`copy
`protection
`in
`a_
`limited,
`inexpensive
`mass-produceable,
`low-capability platform such as
`a dedicated home consumer disk
`player and also provides enhanced,
`more flexible security techniques
`-and methods when the same media
`are used with platforms having
`higher
`security capabilities.
`“A
`control object
`(or
`set) defines
`plural
`rights management
`rules
`for instance, price for performance
`or rules governing redistribution.
`Low capability
`platforms may
`enable only a subset of the control
`tules such as controls on copying
`or marking of played material. Higher capability platforms may enable ali (or different subsets) of the rules. Cryptographically strong
`security is provided by encrypting at least some of the information carried by the media and enabling decryption based on the control set
`and/or other limitations. A secure "software container" can be used to protectively encapsulate (e.g., by cryptographic techniques) various
`digital property content (e.g., audio, video, game, etc.) and control object (i.e., set of rules) information. A standardized container format
`is provided for general use on/with various mediums and platforms.
`In addition, a special purpose container may be provided for DVD
`medium and appliances (e.g., recorders, players, etc.)
`that contains DVD program content (digital property) and DVD medium specific
`rules. The techniques, systems and methods disclosed herein are capable of achieving compatibility with other protection standards,
`such as for example, CGMA and Matsushita data protection standards adopted for DVDs. Cooperative rights management may also be
`provided, where plural networked rights management arrangements collectively control a rights management event on one or more of such
`arrangements.
`
`(54) Title: CRYPTOGRAPHIC METHODS, APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS FOR STORAGE MEDJAELECTRONIC RIGHTS MAN-
`AGEMENT IN CLOSED AND CONNECTED APPLIANCES
`
`(57) Abstract
`
`INFORMATION CONTENT 304
`TEXT, AUDIO,
`VIDEO, SOFTWARE
`
`BUDGETS 308
`LIMITATIONS ON ACTIVITIES
`
`POSITIVE CONTROL PATH
`
`PEAMISSIONS RECORD 306
`HTS:
`“DISTRIBUTION
`weTHO0REQUIREMENTS
`METHOD OPTIONS
`
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`

`

`
`
`FOR THE PURPOSES OF INFORMATION ONLY
`
`
`
`Codes used to identify States party to the PCT on the front pages of pamphlets publishing international applications under the PCT.
`Albania
`ES
`LS
`Lesotho
`SI
`Slovenia
`Armenia
`FI
`LT
`Lithuania
`SK
`Slovakia
`Austria
`FR
`SN
`Lu
`Luxembourg
`Senegal
`Australia
`LY
`GA
`Latvia
`SZ
`Swaziland
`MC
`Monaco
`TD
`GB
`Chad
`Azerbaijan
`MD
`GE
`TG
`Republic of Moldova
`Bosnia and Herzegovina
`Togo
`Barbados
`GH
`MG
`TS
`Madagascar
`Tajikistan
`MK
`GN
`Turkmenistan
`Belgium
`The former Yugoslav
`Burkina Faso
`GR
`Turkey
`Republic of Macedonia
`HU
`Mali
`Bulgaria
`Trinidad and Tobago
`Benin
`IE
`Ukraine
`Mongolia
`Brazil
`IL
`Mauritania
`Uganda
`Belarus
`Is
`Malawi
`United States of America
`Canada
`IT
`Mexico
`Uzbekistan
`Viet Nam
`JP
`Central African Republic
`Niger
`KE
`Netherlands
`Congo
`Yugoslavia
`Switzerland
`KG
`Zimbabwe
`Norway
`Céte d’Tvoire
`KP
`New Zealand
`Cameroon
`Poland
`China
`Portugal
`Cuba
`Romania
`Russian Federation
`Czech Republic
`Sudan
`Germany
`Denmark
`Sweden
`Estonia
`Singapore
`
`Spain
`Finland
`France
`Gabon
`United Kingdom
`Georgia
`Ghana
`Guinea
`Greece
`Hungary
`Ireland
`Israel
`Iceland
`Italy
`Japan
`Kenya
`Kyrgyzstan
`Democratic People’s
`Republic of Korea
`Republic of Korea
`Kazakstan
`Saint Lucia
`Liechtenstein
`Sri Lanka
`Liberia
`
`KR
`KZ
`Lc
`Li
`LK
`LR
`
`™T
`
`R
`TT
`UA
`UG
`us
`UZ
`VN
`YU
`Zw
`
`ML
`MN
`MR
`MW
`MX
`NE
`NL
`NO
`NZ
`PL
`PT
`RO
`RU
`SD
`SE
`SG
`
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` AL
`
`AM
`AT
`AU
`AZ
`BA
`"BB
`BE
`BF
`BG
`BJ
`BR
`BY
`CA
`CF
`cG
`CH
`cl
`cM
`CN
`cu
`cz
`DE
`DK
`EE
`
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`

`

`WO 97/43761
`
`~ PCT/US97/08192-
`
`CRYPTOGRAPHIC METHODS, APPARATUS
`AND SYSTEMS FOR STORAGE MEDIA
`ELECTRONIC RIGHTS MANAGEMENTIN
`CLOSED AND CONNECTED APPLIANCES
`
`Cross-Reference to Related Applications and Patents
`
`The specifications and drawings of the followingprior,
`
`commonly assigned published patent specifications are
`
`incorporated by reference into this patent specification:
`
`PCT Publication No. WO 96/27155 dated 6 September 1996
`
`entitled “Systems And Methods For Secure Transaction
`
`Management AndElectronic Rights Protection”, which is based
`
`on PCT application no. PCT/US96/02303 filed 13 February 1996
`
`and U.S. patent application serial no. 08/388,107 of Ginteretal.
`
`entitled filed on February 13, 1995 (hereinafter “Ginteret al’’);
`
`15
`
`U.S. Patent No 4,827,508 entitled “Database Usage
`
`Metering and Protection System and Method” dated May2, 1989;
`
`USS. Patent No. 4,977,594 entitled ‘Database Usage
`
`Metering and Protection System and Method”dated December| 1,
`
`1990;
`
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`

`WO 97/43761
`
`PCT/US97/08192
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,050,213 entitled “Database Usage
`
`Metering and Protection System and Method” dated September
`
`17, 1991; and
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,410,598 entitled “Database Usage
`
`5 Metering and Protection System and Method” dated April 25,
`
`1995; and
`
`European Patent No.EP 32968! entitled “Database Usage
`
`Metering and Protection System and Method” dated January 17,
`
`1996.
`
`10
`
`In addition, the specifications and drawings of the following
`
`commonly-assigned prior-filed patent specifications are
`
`incorporated by reference into this patent application:
`
`PCT Application No. PCT/US96/14262 filed 4 September
`
`1996 entitled “Trusted Infrastructure Support Systems, Methods
`15. And Techniques For Secure Electronic Commerce,Electronic
`
`Transactions, Commerce Process Control And Automation,
`
`Distributed Computing, And Rights Management,” which
`
`corresponds to U.S. patent application serial no. 08/699,712 filed
`
`on August 12, 1996 (hereinafter “Shear et al.”’);
`
`2
`
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`WO 97/43761
`
`~ PCT/US97/08192
`
`PCT Application No.
`
`filed
`
`, 1997
`
`entitled “Steganographic Techniques For Securely Delivering
`
`Electronic Digital Rights ManagementControl Information Over
`
`Insecure Communications Channels,” which corresponds to U.S.
`
`5
`
`patent application serial no. 08/689,606 of Van Wie and Weber
`
`filed on August 12, 1996 (hereinafter “Van Wie and Weber”); and
`
`PCT Application No.
`
`filed
`
`,
`
`1997 based on U.S. Patent Application serial no.08/689,754
`
`entitled “Systems and Methods Using Cryptography To Protect
`
`10.
`
`Secure Computing Environments,” of Sibert and Van Wie filed on
`
`August 12, 1996 (hereinafter “Sibert and Van Wie”).
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates to information protection techniques
`
`using cryptography, and moreparticularly to techniques using
`
`15
`
`cryptography for managingrights to information stored on
`
`portable media -- one example being optical media such as Digital
`
`Video Disks (also known as "Digital Versatile Disks” and/or
`
`"DVDs"). This invention also relates to information protection
`
`and rights management techniques having selectable applicability
`
`20
`
`depending upon, for example, the resources of the device being
`3
`
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`

`WO 97/43761
`
`~ PCT/US97/08192
`
`used by the consumer(e.g., personal computer or standalone
`player), other attributes ofthe device (such as whetherthe device
`
`can be and/or typically is connected to an information network
`
`(“connected” versus “unconnected”)), and available rights. This
`
`5
`
`invention furtherrelates, in part, to cooperative rights management
`
`-- where plural networked rights management arrangements
`
`collectively control a rights management event on one or more of
`
`such arrangements. Further, important aspects of this invention
`
`can be employedin rights managementfor electronic information
`
`10. made available through broadcast and/or network downloads
`
`and/or use of non-portable storage media, either independentof, or
`
`in combination with portable media.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`The entertainment industry has been transformed by the
`
`IS
`
`pervasiveness of home consumerelectronic devices that can play
`
`video and/or audio from pre-recorded media. This transformation
`began in the early 1900s with the invention of the
`
`phonograph—which for the first time allowed a consumerto listen
`
`to his or her favorite band, orchestra or singer in his or her home
`
`20 whenever he or she wishes. The availability of inexpensive video
`
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`

`WO 97/43761
`
`* PCT/US97/08192
`
`cassette recorders/players beginningin the early 1980s brought
`
`about a profoundrevolution in the movie and broadcast industries,
`
`creating an entirely new home consumer market for films,
`
`documentaries, music videos, exercise videos,etc.
`
`5
`
`The entertainmentindustry has long searched for optimal
`
`media for distributing content to home consumers. The original
`
`phonographcylinders distributed by Thomas Edison and other
`
`phonographpioneers had the advantagethat they weredifficult to
`
`copy, but suffered from various disadvantages such as high
`
`10 manufacturing costs, low resistance to breakage, very limited
`
`playback time,relatively low playback quality, and susceptibility
`
`to damage from wear,scratching or melting. Later-developed wax
`
`and vinyl disks could hold more music material but suffered from
`
`many of the same disadvantages. Magnetic tapes, on the other
`
`15.
`
`hand, could be manufactured very inexpensively and could hold a
`
`large amountof program material (e.g., 2, 4 or even 6 hours of
`video and/or audio). Such magnetic tapes could reproduce
`program materialat relatively high quality, and were not as
`
`susceptible to damage or wearing out. However, despite the many
`clear advantages that magnetic tape provides over other media, the
`
`20
`
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`

`WO 97/43761
`
`PCT/US97/08192
`
`entertainment industry has never regardedit as an ideal or
`
`optimum medium because ofits great susceptibility to copying.
`
`Magnetic tape has the very flexible characteristic that it can
`
`be relatively easily recorded on. Indeed, the process for recording
`
`5
`
`amagnetic tape is nearly as straightforward as that required for
`
`playing back pre-recorded content. Because ofthe relative ease by
`
`which magnetic tape can be recorded, home consumer magnetic
`
`tape equipment manufacturers have historically provided dual
`
`mode equipmentthat can both record and play back magnetic
`
`10
`
`tapes. Thus, home audio andvideo tape players havetraditionally
`
`had a “record” button that allows a consumerto record his or her
`
`own program material on a blank (un-recorded) magnetic tape.
`
`While this recording ability has given consumersadditional
`
`flexibility (e.g., the ability to record a child’s first words for
`
`15__posterity, and the ability to capture afternoon soap operasfor
`
`evening viewing), it has unfortunately also been the foundation of
`
`an illegal multi-billion dollar content pirating industry that
`
`produces millions ofillegal, counterfeit copies every year. This
`
`illegal pirating operation—whichis international in scope—leeches
`
`20
`
`huge amounts of revenue every year from the world’s major
`
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`

`WO 97/43761
`
`~ PCT/US97/08192
`
`entertainment content producers. The entertainment industry must
`pass along these losses to honest consumers—resulting in higher
`boxoffice prices, and higher video and audio tape sales andrental
`
`prices.
`
`5
`
`In the mid 1980s, the audio entertainment industry
`developed the optical compact disk as an answerto some of these
`problems. Theoptical compact disk—athin, silvery plastic platter
`a few inches in diameter—can hold an hour or more of music or
`
`other audio programmingin digital form. Such disks were later
`also used for computer data. The disk can be manufactured very
`inexpensively, and provides extremely high quality playback that
`is resistant to noise because ofthe digital techniques used to
`record and recoverthe information. Because the optical disk can
`be madefrom plastic,it is light weight, virtually unbreakable, and
`highly resistant to damage from normal consumer handling (unlike
`the prior vinyl records that were easily scratched or worn down
`even by properly functioning phonographs). And, because
`recording on an opticaldisk is, so far, significantly moredifficult
`than playing back an optical disk, home consumer equipment
`providing both recording and playback capabilities is unlikely, in
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
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`

`WO 97/43761
`
`PCT/US97/08192
`
`the near future, to be as cost-effective as play-only
`
`equipment—greatly reducing the potential forillicit copying.
`
`Because of these overwhelming advantages, the music industry
`
`has rapidly embraced the new digital compact disk
`
`technology—virtually replacing older audio viny! disk media
`
`within the space of a few short years.
`
`Indeed, the threat of widespread and easy unauthorized
`
`copying in the absenceof rights managementtechnologies
`
`apparently has been an important contributing factor to the demise
`
`10
`
`of digital audio tape (DAT)as a media for musicdistribution and,
`
`more importantly, home audio recording. Rightsholders in
`
`recorded music vigorously opposed the widespread
`
`commercialization of inexpensive DAT technologythat lacked
`
`rights managementcapabilities since the quality of the digital
`
`15
`
`recording was completely faithful to the digital source on, for
`
`example, music CDs. Ofcourse, the lack of rights management
`was notthe only factor at work, since compared with optical
`
`media, tape format made random accessdifficult, for example,
`
`playing songs out of sequence.
`
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`

`WO 97/43761
`
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`The video entertainment industry is on the verge of a
`revolution similar to that wrought by music CDs based on movies
`in digital format distributed on high capacity read-only optical
`media. For example, digital optical disk technology has advanced
`to the point whereit is now possibleto digitally record, among
`other things, a full length motion picture (plus sound) on oneside
`of a 5" plastic optical disk. This same optical disk can
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`accommodate multiple high-quality digital audio channels (e.g., to
`record multi-channel “sensurround” sound for hometheaters
`and/or to record film dialog in multiple different languageson the
`same disk). This same technology makesit possible to access
`each individual frame or image of a movieforstill image
`reproduction or—even more exciting—to provide an unprecedented
`“random access" playback capability that has never before existed
`in home consumer equipment. This “random access” playback
`could be used, for example, to delete violence, foul languageor
`nudity at time ofplaybackso that parents could select a “PG”
`playback version ofan “R”rated film at the press of a button. The
`“random access” capability also has exciting possibilities in terms
`ofallowing viewersto interact with the pre-recorded content (e.g.,
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`allowing a health enthusiast to select only those portions of an
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`exercise video helpful to a particular day's workout). See, for
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`example, “Applications Requirements for Innovative Video
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`Programming,” DVD Conference Proceedings (Interactive
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`5 Multimedia Association, 19-20 October 1995, Sheraton Universal
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`Hotel, Universal City, California).
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`Non-limiting examples of the DVD family of optical media
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`include:
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`DVD(Digital Video Disk, Digital Versatile
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`Disk), a non-limiting example of which
`includes consumerappliances that play movies
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`recorded on DVD disks;
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`DVD-ROM (DVD-Read Only Memory), a non-
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`limiting example of which includes a DVD
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`read-only drive and disk connected to a
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`computer or other appliance;
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`DVD-RAM (DVD Random Access Memory), a
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`non-limiting example of which includes a
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`read/write drive and optical media in, for
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`example, consumer appliances for home
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`recording and in a computer or other appliance
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`for the broadest rangeof specific applications;
`and
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`°
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`Anyother high capacity optical media
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`presently known or unknown.
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`“DVDs”are, of course, not limited to use with movies. Like
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`CDs, they mayalso be used for other kinds of information, for
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`example:
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`sound recordings
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`software
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`databases
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`games
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`karaoke
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`multimedia
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`distance learning
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`documentation
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`policies and manuals
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`any kind ofdigital data or other information
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`any combination of kinds of digital data or
`other information
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`any other uses presently known or unknown.
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`The broad range of DVD uses presents a technical
`challenge: how canthe information content distributed on such
`disks, which might be any kind or combination ofvideo, sound,or
`other data or information broadly speaking, be adequately
`protected while preserving or even maximizing consumer
`flexibility? One widely proposed requirement for the new
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`technology(mainly within the context of video),is, to the extent
`copying is permittedat all, to either: (a) allow a consumer to make
`a first generation copyofthe program contentfor their own use,
`but prevent the consumerfrom making “copies of copies”, or
`multi-generational copies ofa given property (thus keeping honest
`people honest); or (b) to allow unlimited copying for those
`properties that rightsholders do not wish to protect against
`copying, or which consumers have made themselves.
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`However, providing only such simplistic and limited copy
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`protection in a non-extensible manner mayturn out to be
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`extremely shortsighted—since more sophisticated protection
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`and/or rights managementobjectives (e.g., more robust and
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`selective application of copy protection and other protection
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`techniques, enablement of pay-per-view models, the ability of the
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`consumer to make use of enhanced functionality such as
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`extracting material or interactivity upon paying extra charges, and
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`receiving credit for redistribution, to name a few) could be very
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`useful now orin the future. Moreover, in optimally approaching
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`protection and rights managementobjectives, it is extremely
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`useful to take differing business opportunities and threats into
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`account that mayrelate to information delivered via DVD media,
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`for example, depending uponavailable resources of the device
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`15.
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`and/or whether the device is connected or unconnected.
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`Moresophisticated rights management capabilities will also
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`allow studios and others who have rights in movies and/or sound
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`recordings to better manage these importantassets, in one
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`example, to allow authorized parties to repurpose piecesofdigital
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`film, video and/or audio, whether specific and/or arbitrary pieces,
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`to create derivative works, multimedia games, in one non-limiting
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`example. Solutions proposed to date for protecting DVD content
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`have generally focused solely on limited copy protection
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`objectives and have failed to adequately address or even recognize
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`5 more sophisticated rights managementobjectives and
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`requirements. More specifically, one copy protection scheme for
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`the initial generation of DVD appliances and media is based on an
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`encryption method developed initially by Matsushita and the
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`simple CGMA control codes that indicate permitted copying: a
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`one-generation copy, no copies, or unlimited copying.
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`SUMMARYOF THE INVENTIONS
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`Comprehensivesolutions for protecting and managing
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`information in systems that incorporate high capacity optical
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`media such as DVD require, amongother things, methods and
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`systems that address two broadsets of problems: (a) digital to
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`analog conversion (and vice versa); and (b) the use of such optical
`media inboth connected and unconnected environments. The
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`inventions disclosed herein address these and other problems. For
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`example, in the context of analog to digital conversion (and vice
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`versa), it is contemplatedthat, in accordance with the present
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`inventions, at least some of the information used to protect
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`properties and/or describe rights managementand/or control
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`information in digital form could also be carried along with the
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`analog signal. Devices that convert from one format and/or
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`5 medium to anothercan, for example, incorporate someorall of the
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`control and identifying information in the new context(s), or at
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`least not actively delete such information during the conversion
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`process. In addition, the present inventions provide control, rights
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`managementand/oridentification solutions for the digital realm
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`generally, and also critically important technologies that can be
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`implemented in consumer appliances, computers, and other
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`devices. One objective of the inventions is to provide powerful
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`rights management techniquesthat are useful in both the consumer
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`electronics and computer technology markets, and that also enable
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`future evolution of technical capabilities and business models.
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`Another non-limiting objective is to provide a comprehensive
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`control, rights managementand/or identification solution that
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`remains compatible, where possible, with existing industry
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`standardsfor limited function copy protection and for encryption.
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`The present inventions provide rights management and
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`protection techniques that fully satisfy the limited copy protection
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`objectives currently being voiced by the entertainment industry for
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`movies while also flexibly and extensibly accommodating a wide
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`>
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`range of more sophisticatedrights management options and
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`capabilities.
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`Some importantaspects of the present inventions (that are
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`more fully discussed elsewherein this application) include:
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`Selection of control information associated
`with information recorded on DVD media (for
`example, rules and usage consequence contro]
`information, that comprise non-limiting
`example elements of a Virtual Distribution
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`Environment (VDE))that is based atleast in
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`part on class of appliance, for example, type of
`appliance, available resources and/or rights;
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`Enabling such selected control information to
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`be, at least in part, a subset of control
`information used on other appliances and/or
`classes of appliance, or completely different
`control information;
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`Protecting information output from a DVD
`device, such as applying rights management
`techniques disclosed in Ginteret al. and the
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`present application to the signals transmitted
`using an IEEE 1394 port (or otherserial
`interface) on a DVD player;
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`Creation of protected digital content based on
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`an analog source;
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`Reflecting differing usage rights and/or content
`availability in different countries and/or
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`regions of the world;
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`e
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`Securely managing information on DVD media
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`suchthat certain portions may be used on one
`or more classes of appliance (e.g., a standalone
`DVD player), while other portions may be used
`on the sameordifferent classes of appliance
`(e.g., a Standalone DVD playeror a PC);
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`e
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`Securely storing and/or transmitting
`information associated with payment, auditing,
`controlling and/or otherwise managing content
`recorded on DVD media,including techniques
`related to those disclosed in Ginteret al. and in
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`Shearetal.;
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`Updating and/or replacing encryption keys
`used in the courseof appliance operation to
`modify the scope of information that may be
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`used by appliances and/or classes of
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`appliances;
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`Protecting information throughoutthe creation,
`distribution, and usage process, for example, by
`initially protecting information collected by a
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`digital camera, and continuing protection and
`rights managementthroughthe editing process,
`production,distribution, usage, and usage
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`reporting.
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`Allowing “virtual rights machines,” consisting
`of multiple devices and/or other systemsthat
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`participate and work together in a permanently
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`or in a temporarily connected network to share
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`someorall of the rights managementfor a
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`single and/or multiple nodes including, for
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`example, allowing resources available in plural
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`such devices and/or other systems, and/or
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`rights associated with plural parties and/or
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`groupsusing and/orcontrolling such devices
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`and/or other systems, to be employed in
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`concert (accordingto rights related rules and
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`controls) so as to govern one or moreelectronic
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`events on any one or more of such devices
`and/or other systems, such event governance
`including, for example: viewing, editing,
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`subsetting, anthologizing, printing, copying,
`titling, extracting, saving, and/orredistributing
`rights protected digital content.
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`Allowing for the exchange ofrights among
`peer-to-peer relating devices and/or other
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`systems, wherein such devices and/or other
`systems participate in a temporary or
`permanently connected network, and wherein
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`suchrights are bartered, sold for currency,
`and/or otherwise exchanged for value and/or
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`consideration where such value and/or
`consideration is exchanged between suchpeer-
`to-peer participating commercial and/or
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`consumerdevices and/or other systems.
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`General Purpose DVD/Cost-effective Large Capacity Digital
`Media Rights Protection and Management
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`The inventions described herein can be used with any large
`capacitystorage arrangement wherecost-effective distribution
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`media is used for commercial and/or consumer digital information
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`delivery and DVD,as used herein, should be read to include any
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`such system.
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`Copyprotection and rights managementare important in
`practical DVD systems and will continue to be importantin other
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`large capacity storage, playback, and recording systems,presently
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`knownor unknown,in the future. Protection is needed for some
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`or all of the information delivered (or written) on most DVD
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`media. Such protection against copyingis only one aspect of
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`rights management. Other aspects involve allowing rightsholders
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`and others to manage their commercialinterests (and to have them
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`enforced, potentially at a distarice in time and/or space) regardless
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`of distribution media and/or channels, and the particular nature of
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`the receiving appliance and/or device. Such rights management
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`solutions that incorporate DVD will become even more significant
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`as future generations of recordable DVD media and appliances
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`come to market. Rightsholders will want to maintain and assert
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`their rights as,