`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
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`001
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`001
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`

`

`CRUMLISH
`
`ABCs
`
`OF THE
`
`INTERNET
`
`
`
`TK 5135
`
`.875
`
`.157 0778
`
`1996
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`
`002
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`002
`
`

`

`LIBRARY 0
`111111111111111111111111111
`o 033 225 362 1
`
`
`
`Facebooks EX
`
`'
`
`hibit No. Ex. 1110
`
`003
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`003
`
`

`

`The AB(s of
`the
`
`Christian Crumlish
`
`Make the
`Most of Your
`Time Online
`
`READY, SET, 60 •••
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`004
`
`

`

`The AB(s of the
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`
`005
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`005
`
`

`

`The ABCs of the
`
`Christian Crumlish
`
`San francisco • Paris· Dusseldorf • Soest
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`006
`
`

`

`Tns,bs
`.~ ·75
`.-CsriC'lrz
`\ C\~ \o
`
`Associate Publisher: Carrie Lavine
`Acquisitions Manager: Kristine Plachy
`Developmental Editor: Dan Brodnitz
`Editor: Lee Ann Pickrell
`Technical Editor: Sandra Teng
`Book Design Director: Catalin Dulfu
`Book Designer: Design Site, Tracy Dean
`Desktop Publisher: GetSet! PrePress
`Production Coordinators: Alexa Riggs, Robin Kibby
`Indexer: Ted Laux
`Cover Designer: Design Site
`Cover Photographer: Dennis O'Clair, photograph furnished by Tony Stone Images
`
`Screen reproductions produced with Collage Complete.
`
`Collage Complete is a trademark of Inner Media Inc.
`
`SYBEX is a registered trademark of SYBEX Inc.
`
`TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms
`by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.
`
`Netscape Communications, the Netscape Communications logo, Netscape, and Netscape Navigator are trademarks
`of Netscape Communications Corporation.
`
`Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. However, SYBEX assumes no responsibility
`for its use, nor for any infringement of the intellectual property rights of third parties which would result from such use.
`
`Photographs and illustrations used in this book have been downloaded from publicly accessible file archives and are
`used in this book for news reportage purposes only to demonstrate the variety of graphics resources available via
`electronic access. Text and images available over the Internet may be subject to copyright and other rights owned by third
`parties. Online availability of text and images does not imply that they may be reused without the permission of rights
`holders, although the Copyright Act does permit certain unauthorized reuse as fair use under t 7 U.5.C Section 107.
`
`An earlier version of this book was published under the title A Guided Tour of the Internet© 1995 5YBEX Inc.
`Copyright ©1996 SYBEX Inc., 202 1 Challenger Drive, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No part of this
`publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to
`photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Card Number: 96-67838
`ISBN:0-782 1-1887-9
`-
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`1098765 4 321
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`007
`
`

`

`To the Merry Punsters
`(NTAP)
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
`008
`
`

`

`Acknowledgments
`
`Of the many wizards I've met or asked advice of through the Net or in the real
`world, I'd like to particularly thank Richard Frankel. I'd also like to thank Mitch
`Goldman for checking some e-mail program details for me and James "Kibo" Parry
`for allowing me to reproduce a Usenet article. Most of all, I'd like to thank Nick
`"Griffin" Meriwether, whose cheerful assistance made the preparation of the manu-
`script possible.
`At Sybex, I'd like to thank the following people: Richard Mills for suggesting that I
`adapt my book A Guided Tour of the Internet to the ABCs format and bring the infor(cid:173)
`mation in it up-to-date; Dan Brodnitz for helping me think through what's needed for
`a beginner's Internet book these days; Lee Ann Pickrell for patiently editing the con(cid:173)
`tent; Sandra Teng for checking the technical accuracy of the book; Alexa Riggs and
`Robin Kibby for coordinating the production of the book; and David Kamala of
`Get Set! PrePress for desktop publishing.
`Of the many people who worked on the previous Guided Tour version of this book,
`I'd like to thank Guy "Text Butcher'' Hart-Davis for editing the original manuscript (and
`putting up with my various idiosyncrasies). Many readers have sent me e-mail to
`praise or complain about various aspects of that book and all the feedback is appreci(cid:173)
`ated. I'd especially like to thank the following readers who sent me corrections:
`Brenda J. Panawash-Bielinski (bjpanaw@whin.net), Peter Glenn White (PGW@ix.
`netcom.com), Glen (gaspasRx@eworld.com) , Bari Nirenberg (yairli@bgumail.
`bgu.ac.il), Baruch Kantor (barlea@netvision.net.il), (cloak@mcstoon.com), Daniel
`Headrick ( dheadric@acfsysv.roosevelt.edu), Daniel Rozenshein ( drozen@carmel.
`haifa.ac.il), Jeremiah Heller (he11er6@aloha.net), \Ian Bukai (ilan_ buk@ilan_buk.
`netvision.net.il), John B. Delack (ab57 l@sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca), Michael L. Canute
`(canute@ uhunix .uhcc.Hawaii.Edu), Santiago Cardoso (scardoso@infosel.net.mx),
`Susan Enabnit (susanena@aztec.asu.edu), and Wojciech Turski ( omicron@lodz.
`
`pdi.net).
`Thanks as always to Briggs, who has stood by me through my ridiculous way of
`working on too many projects at once.
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
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`

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`-
`
`Introduction .... . . .. .... . . .. . . . . .... ...... ..... . ..... . . . . . . xvi
`
`Chapter 1: Just Enough to Get Started .. .. ... . . . .. ... . . .. . . . . . . . . l
`Chapter 2: Sending and Receiving E-Mail . . . . . . .... . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 19
`
`Chapter 3: Making the Most of E-Mail ... . ...... . . .. ... .. .... .. . 45
`
`Chapter 4: Browsing the Web
`
`. .. . .. . ... . .. . . . . . . .. . . ... . . . .. . 60
`
`Chapter 5: Finding Stuff on the Net . .. . .... . . . ... .. .. . . . ... . . . . 97
`
`Chapter 6: Plugging In to Multimedia .. . .. . . . . . ...... . ... ...... 120
`
`Chapter 7: Getting on Mailing Lists . . . . . .. . ... .. . . ... . . ..... ... 139
`
`Chapter 8: Usenet News-Read All about It .. . . . .... .. .. . . .. . . .. 151
`
`Chapter 9: Chatting on the IRC . ...... . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . 205
`
`Chapter 1 O: FTP and Telnet-the Transporter Beams
`
`. . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
`
`Chapter 11: Gopher and Gopherspace
`
`. .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 239
`
`Chapter 12: Making a Simple Home Page ... .... . . .. .... . . .. . .. 261
`
`Appendix A: Getting Connected and Getting Started ....... . . . . .. 275
`
`Appendix B: Glossary of Internet Terms .. . . . ... .... .. . .. . .. . ... 287
`
`Index .. . .. . . . . . ... . ... .. .... . . .. . . . . . ...... . . . . .. . . . . ... 333
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
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`Table of Contents
`
`"'
`
`Introduction ........................................... xvi
`
`Chapter I: Just Enough to Get Started ........................ I
`What Is the Internet? ....... . .. .. .. . . . . . ........ .. .............. 2
`E-Mail and a Whole Lot More . . . ..... . .. ... ..... . . . . . . .. . . .. . . 2
`The Web Is Not the Net, or Is It? . .. . ..... . . ... ..... ... ..... . ... 4
`Getting on the Internet . . .... . . . . .. . ... . .... . .... . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . 9
`Accessing the Net at Work . ... . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . 9
`Accessing the Net at Home .. .. ....... .. . . . . .... .. .. . . . . . ... 1 O
`The Internet Doesn't Care What Kind of Computer You Use ... . . . . . . 13
`What You Can Do on the Net . . . .. .. ... ... . . .... ... .. .......... 13
`A Few Words about Internet Addresses .. .... . ... . . .. .. . ... . ..... 15
`
`Chapter Z: Sending and Receiving E-Mail ..................... 19
`Working with E-Mail . . ... .. ............ . ...... . . .. .. . . . . . . .... 21
`Run~ing a Mail Program .. . . . .................. .......... ... 21
`Sending Mail .. .. . ... .. . . . ... . . . ..... . . . ..... .. . .. ......... 23
`Reading Mail ..... .... ............ . .. . . .. .. . ... . .. .... .. . . . 25
`Replying to Mail ..... . . . ..... .. . ....... .. .. ..... . . ... . . . ... 26
`Deleting Mail . . . ... .... .. ... ... .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. 29
`Exiting a Mail Program . .... .. . .. . ... . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. ...... .. . 29
`Using Specific E-Mail Programs ................................. 30
`America Online
`. .. . . ......... . .... .. . . .. . .. . . .. . . ... . .... . 30
`cc:Mail . . .. ..... . ... . . . ........... . ... ... . . . .. . . .... . . . . . . 32
`CompuServe . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .... ... . .... ... .. . .. 32
`Eudora . .. ... .. ... ..... . . . ... . . . . . .. . .... . . ... . . . . .. . .. .. . 34
`Microsoft Exchange ... . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . ..... . .. .. .. . . . ....... 36
`NetCruiser . . . ................ . ........... . .. . . . . . . . . .... . . 37
`Netscape Mail . . . . . .... . ... . . . . . ....... . . . ..... . .... . .. .. .. 38
`
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`-
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`Pegasus Mail .. . . ... . . ....... . ......... .... ....... ...... . . . 40
`Pine . ......... .... ...... . . . .... . .. .. . ... . ...... .... .. . . .. 41
`
`Chapter 3: Making the Most of E-Mail ....................... 45
`Mail-Sending Tricks .... . ............... . .. .... . . . . .. ....... ... 46
`Forwarding Mail . .. .... .. . . . ... ........... . . . . ... .. .... .. .. 46
`Sending Mail to Multiple Recipients ..... . .. . . ....... . ... . . . . .. 46
`Filing E-Mail Messages ....... ... . .. . .. . ..... ... .. .. ......... 47
`Using Your Word Processor to Write E-Mail Messages .. ... . . . ...... 47
`Sending Files via E-Mail .. . ... ...... . . .. ....... .. .. ... ... . .. .. . 49
`Saving E-Mail Addresses .... .. .. ... . ........ .. ...... . . . .. ... .. 50
`Checking Your Spelling in E-Mail Messages .. . . . . ... . ....... . . ... . 50
`Attaching a Signature to an E-Mail Message .. ........ . .. .. . . . .... 51
`Finding Internet E-Mail Addresses ... .... .. ... . ..... .. .. . . ... . ... 52
`Say "Send Me E-Mail" .... . . .. ... .. .... ..... .. .. . . . . .. .. . ... 52
`Send Mail to Postmaster@ ... . . . ... .. ....... .. . ...... .. .. ... 52
`Ask the Knowbot .. . .. . . ... . . .. . . .. . .. . . . . .. ... ..... ... .... 52
`More E-Mail with Specific Programs .... .. .... ... ..... .. .. .. . .. .. 54
`AOL ... . ..... . . . . ... ...... .... ... ..... . . . .... . .. . .. .. .... 54
`cc:Mail . ... .. . . . . . ........ ... . . . . . . .. .. .. . .... . . . . ... . .... 55
`CompuServe .. .. ... ... . .. . . .. . ...... .... .. .. ... ... . ....... 56
`Eudora .... ... .. .. . . . ....... . ... . .... .. . .... .. .......... .. 58
`MS Exchange ... . ..... .. . .... .. . . . . ...... ... .. .... . .. . ... . 60
`NetCruiser ... ... . . . ... . ... .. ... . .... ....... . . .... . .. . .. .. . 61
`Netscape Mail ... ... . . . .. . .... ... .... . ..... ... ...... . . . . . .. 62
`Pegasus Mail . . .. . . .. . ..... . .... .. .. .. .. ..... . .. . ... ... .. . . 63
`Pine . .. . ... . . ...... . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. .. . ... . .. .. .. ... . ... 64
`
`Chapter 4: Browsing the Web ............................. 60
`Web Addresses (URLs) .... . . . .... ... .. . . .... . ...... . . . . ... . .. 71
`Different Types of Web Browsers ... . .. . . ... .. . . .. ... . . ... . ... . . 71
`Using Web Browsers
`. . .. . . . .. .... .. . . . ......... . . . .. ... . . .. . . 73
`Reading a Page in a Web Browser .... . . .. ..... . . . .. . ... .... .. 74
`Following a Link . . .. . ...... . .... . . . .. .. . . .. . .. . . .. . .. ... ... 75
`
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`Knowing Where to Go .. . . . ... .... ............ . .. .. . .. . .. . .. 76
`Making a Bookmark ... . .... . .. . . . . . .. . ..... . . .. . . .. .. . .. .. . 76
`Saving or Mailing a Document . . .. . .. .... ........ .. .. ... . .. .. 76
`Peeking behind the Scenes .. . . . . . . .. . ... ..... . . . .. . ... .. . .. 77
`Changing Your Home Page .. ... ... . . .... ..... . .. . .. . . . . .... . 78
`Web Help and Info ... ...... . . .... .. . .... . . .. . .. . ..... . .. . .. 78
`Keeping Up with What's New ... . .. . . . . .... . .... . . . . . . . . ... .. 78
`Surfing the Web with Your Web Browser . ........ . .......... .. ... 79
`Browsing the Web with AOL .. . .. . ...... . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 79
`Browsing the Web with CompuServe Mosaic . ..... . . . ... . ...... 80
`Browsing the Web with Lynx ...... . . .......... ..... .. .. . . ... . 83
`Browsing the Web with Microsoft Internet Explorer ........ . .. .. . 87
`Browsing the Web with Mosaic .... . .. .. . ......... . . ... . . . ... 90
`Browsing the Web with NetCruiser . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . . . ..... . ... . 92
`Browsing the Web with Netscape Navigator ... . . . ... . . ... .... . . 94
`
`Chapter 5: finding Stuff on the Net ......................... 97
`Searching the Web . . .. . . . . .... . .. . . ..... . . . . .. . . . .... .. . . . . .. 98
`Searching through a Directory .. ... . . ... . . .. . . . . . .. . . ... ... .. 98
`Searching with a Search Engine . . . .. .... ... .... .. ........... 102
`Visiting a Central Search Page . .. ... . .. .. . . .. .. . ... . ... .. .. . 105
`Some Search Addresses . .... . ... . ....... .. ............. . .. 108
`Downloading Files and Keeping Your Software Up-to-Date . . . .. . .. . 109
`Looking for People on the Internet ... ... . .. .. . . ...... . . . .. . . . . . 110
`Using Whois .. .. . .......... . . . . ... . . .. .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . .. 111
`Using WhoWhere? .. . . . ... ... . . .... . . .. . . . . . . ..... . . ...... 11 2
`Searching off the Web . .. . . .. ...... .. .... . ........ .... . . .. ... 11 3
`Searching Usenet .. . . . . .. .. . ... ............. . . . ........ .. . 114
`Searching Gopherspace .... .. . . . .. . . . . • .. .... .. .... .. . .... 115
`Searching University Libraries .. . . . . . . . ... . . . .... . . . . . . . . ... . 116
`
`Chapter 6: Plugging In to Multimedia ............ .......... IZO
`Downloading and Installing Applications .. . ...... . .. . .. . . . . ... . . 122
`Different Ways to View Other Media . .. . ... . ...... . .... . . . .. .. . 123
`Viewers and Players ...... ... . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . ... .. . ... . . . . 123
`Helper Applications .. . . . . . . ... .. ... . .. .. . ... . .. . .. .. .. . . . . 124
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
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`Plug-Ins . . . . .. ..... .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . .... . .. .. . .. ... ..... . .. 124
`The Types of Media out There . ..... . ....... . .... ..... . . .. . .. . 125
`Pictures . .... . .. . .. . . . ....... ... .. .... .. .. . .. . . .. .... .. . . 125
`Sounds and Music ... . .. . ... .. .. ..... .... . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. 126
`Movies and Animations . . . .. . .. . .. . .... .. . .. . . .. . . . ..... ... 128
`3D Environments . .... .. . . .. . ..... ... .. .. . . .. . . . . ... . . . ... 129
`Document/Mixed-Media Formats ... .. . . . .. .. . ... . ... .. ..... 130
`Interactive Programs and Multimedia Presentations . . . .. ... .. .. 131
`Staying Informed about the Latest Advances . .. . . . ....... .. . . . . . 131
`Multimedia for Specific Browsers . . .. .. . . . . ... . ... .. . . . . . . ..... 132
`AOL'.s Web Browser . . ..... . ... . ... . .. . ..... . ..... .. . .. ... . 132
`CompuServe Mosaic . . . ..... . ....... .. .. . . . .. . . ... ..... .. . 132
`Lynx (Don't Laugh!) ......... . ... .. . . .. ...... ... . ..... . ... . 132
`Microsoft Internet Explorer .. . . ... .. ... .. .. . .. .. . .... .... ... 132
`Mosaic . .. .... .. .... ... .. .. .... . . . . ... .... .. .... . . . ..... . 133
`NetCruiser .... .. . .. ... ... . . . . ........ .. .. . . .... . .. ... ... . 134
`Netscape Navigator . .. . .. ... . . ..... . .. . .. ..... . ...... .... . 135
`
`Chapter 7: Getting on Mailing Lists ......................... 139
`Finding Mailing Lists . ... . .. . .... .. .. . . .. .. .. . .. .. . ... .... . .. . 141
`A General List of Lists .. .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . .... . . . . .. . .. .. 141
`Specific Lists of Lists . ... . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . .... . .. ..... 142
`Subscribing to Lists ... .... . . ... . . .. . .. .. . . .. .. . ... .. . . .. . ... . 144
`People-Administered Lists .. . .. .. . . ... .. . . ........ . . . ... . .. 145
`Robot-Administered Lists ... . .... . . ... . . .. . .. . .. . . ... . .. . .. 145
`Canceling Your Subscription .... . .. . . . . .. ... . .... . ... . . . .. . . . . 146
`People-Administered Lists ...... . ... . .. .. . . . . . ...... . ..... . 146
`Robot-Administered Lists .. . ... ... .... . . . ..... . . . ... .. . ... . 146
`Temporarily Unsubscribing . . . . . . .. . .. . . •..... ..... . .. .. .. . . 146
`Posting to Lists . .. . .... .. . .... .... . . . .. . . . . .. . ....... ... .. . . 146
`Participating in a List ... . .. . . . . ...... .. . .. . . .. .. . . .... . . . . . ... 147
`
`Chapter 8: Usenet News-Read All about It ................... 151
`What Is Usenet? . . .. . ...... . . ... .... . . ... . .. .. .. ... .. . . .. .. . 152
`Some Newsgroups Are Mailing Lists, Too .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .... . 152
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
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`Where Everybody Knows Your Signature . . ... . . . . . ... . .. . .. . . 153
`What Is a Newsgroup? ....... .... . .... .. . .. .... . .. .. ...... . 154
`What Is an Article? . . ... . . ... . ..... .. ... . .. . . . . . .... . ..... . 157
`What Is a Newsreader? ... . . ..... . . . . .. . .. .... . ..... . . . ... . 159
`Usenet as a Public Forum ... ..... .. . .. . . ...... .. . . ... ... . .. .. 159
`Semi-Anonymity on the Net ... .. .. ........ . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . 160
`Being a Good Netizen .. .. . . . .... . .. .... ... . .. .. . . . . . . ... .. 160
`Shooting Stars and net.spewers .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . . . .. .. 160
`Getting Help ... .... . .. .. .......... . . . ... .. , .. . ... . . .... .. 161
`The Quality of Usenet ... .. ... . . . . ... ... .. . . ...... . ..... . .. 161
`How to Read Newsgroups . . . . . ......... . . . .. .... . .. . . .. ..... 162
`Net News by Mail-If You Don't Have Usenet Access . . . . . ..... . 163
`Newsreading Basics . . ..... .... . .. . . ..... . ... . ... ... ... .... 164
`Getting Help and Avoiding Problems . . ... . . .. .... . . .. . . .. . . . . 170
`Some Advanced Stuff You Should Know . .. . . ... . . . . .. .. .. . . . 170
`Reading News with Specific Newsreaders .. . . . .. .. . . .. . ......... 171
`AOL ........ .. ..... . .. .. . . .... .. . . .. . . .... ... .... . .. . .. . 172
`CompuServe
`. ..... . . .. .. ... ... . ..... .. .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. . .. 174
`Microsoft Internet Explorer . . .. . ....•... . . . ... . .. ... . . ... .. . 178
`Mosaic . .. .. . .. .. . .. ... . . . . .. ... ... .. ..... .. . .. . .... .. . . . 181
`NetCruiser .. .. . . .. . . ... ..... .... ........ . . . ... . .. . .... . . . 184
`Netscape News . . . .. .. . . ....... . . . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . ... ... ... 186
`NewsWatcher .. .... . .......... ... . . .. . ... ... .. . ...... .. . . 190
`News Xpress .. .. . . .. ... . ..... . ... .. ........... . ... . . . . .. . 193
`Tin .. . .. . .. . .... . .... . .. .... . . ... . . . .. . ...... . . . . . ...... 196
`
`Chapter 9: Chatting on the IRC .......... .................. 205
`How IRC Programs Work in General
`. . . .... . • . •...... . . .. . . .... 207
`Chatting with Specific IRC Programs ... ... . .... .. .... ... . . ..... 209
`Chatting with Ire .. .. .. .. ..... . ..... . .. . . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .... 209
`Chatting with lrcle . ... .. . . . ... ... .... ... .. . . . ...... . . .... . 210
`Chatting with ml RC . .. . .. .. . .... .. ... ... .. . .. ... . .. . .. . . .. 212
`Chatting with NetCruiser .. . . .... . ... . ....... . ... . . .. ....... 213
`Chatting with Netscape Chat . . ..... . . . ... . ..... . . . ...... .. . 215
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
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`

`-
`
`Chapter IO: HP and Telnet-the Transporter Beams ........... Z19
`FTP-the File Transfer Protocol .... .... .. .. . . ... ..... .. .. . .... . 220
`How to Find FTP Sites ...... . . .... . .. ... . . . . . ...... . . . . ... . 220
`How to Do FTP in General . . .... . ..... .... . ..... .. ... ...... 221
`FTP by E-Mail If You Don't Have "Real" FTP ..... . .. .. . ... ... .. 223
`Transferring Files from a Unix Shell Account . .. . . ...... .... ... . 223
`FTP with Your Web Browser .... ........ .. . . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . 227
`Specific FTP Programs ...... .... .. . .. . . . . .. . . ....... . ... . .. 228
`Telnet-a Computer in Your Window . . . . .. .. .... . .... . ... . . .. . . 235
`Finding a Telnet Program . .. . . ...... . ...... ... . . . . . . ... . . .. 237
`Telnetting from Your Web Browser . .. ... . ... ... . .. ... . . .. . .. 237
`
`Chapter 11: Gopher and Gopherspace ....................... Z39
`What Is Gopher .. .. .. . ....... .. . . ... .. .. .... . . .. .... ..... .. . 240
`Exploring Gopherspace .. . .. . . ...... . . .. . . •.. ........ .. . ... .. 241
`Browsing Gopherspace with Gopher .. .... . ...... .. . .... . . . .... 242
`Getting around the Menus .. . . . .. . ... . ... . ... ... .. .. . ... ... 242
`Reading Documents .... . ........ . . . . . . ... .. ... . . .. .. ... . . 243
`Getting to Another Gopher Server . .. .. .. . .. ... . .... .... .. . . . 245
`Bookmarks in Gopherspace .. .... . . ....... . . . ..... . . . ... ... 246
`Quitting Gopher .. ... . ... ... . . ... .. .. .. . ......... . .... . ... 246
`Getting Help for Gopher .. .. .............. .. .. . . ..... . . .... 247
`Browsing Gopherspace with NetCruiser .......... .. . . . .. . . .. . . . 247
`Getting around the Menus ..... .. . ... . ... .. .. .. .. . ..... .. .. 247
`Reading Documents .... . ... ... ..... .... .. .. .. . ... ... .... . 247
`Getting to Another Gopher Server ... ... .. .. . . .. ... ... ..... .. 249
`Bookmarks in Gopherspace ...... .... .. . . ... . ... . .. .. ... ... 250
`Quitting Gopher in NetCruiser . .. . . . ....... . . . . .. . . . . . . ..... 250
`Browsing Gopherspace with TurboGopher ..... ....... .. . . . . .... 250
`Getting around the Menus .... ... ... .. .. .. . . . . . ... .. .. ..... 250
`Reading Documents ..... .... .. .. .. . . .. . . ... .. .. . ........ . 252
`Getting to Another Gopher Server . . . ... . . .. . . ....... ..... .. . 252
`Bookmarks in Gopherspace ... . . ... . . .... .. . . .. ... . . .. . ... . 252
`Quitting TurboGopher ..... ... .... .. . ...... .. .. . . .. . ...... . 253
`
`Facebook's Exhibit No. Ex. 1110
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`-
`
`Getting Help .... . .. . .... . . . .. . .. .. . ......... . . . . . . ... . .. . 253
`Browsing Gopherspace with your Web Browser .... .. ... .. ... . .. . 253
`Getting around the Menus ... ..... ..... .. . . ............ . . . . 253
`Reading Documents ....... . .. .. . . . . .. . . ..... ... . .... . .... 254
`Bookmarks in Gopherspace .. .............................. 254
`Browsing Gopherspace with WSGopher .. . ....... . ... . . . .. .... . 255
`Getting around the Menus ............... . .... ... . ... . . . . . . 256
`Reading Documents ..... ... . . . ..... . . ... . . . . . ... . .. . . . .. . 257
`Getting to Another Gopher Server ... . . ..... . . .. . ... . . . ... . . . 258
`Bookmarks in Gopherspace . .... .. .. . .. . . . .. . ..... . . ....... 258
`Quitting WSGopher .. ........ . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . ... .. .... . 258
`Getting Help for Gopher .. . . . ... ... . .. . . . ....... . . . . .... .. . 258
`
`Chapter IZ: Making a Simple Home Page ................. ... Z61
`Creating a Home Page .... .... . . .. .... . ......... . .. . . ... . ... . 261
`Visiting the GNN Site ......... .. . . .... .. . . . .... ... . . .. ... . . 263
`Going to the Template Page .... ... . . . . .. .. . . ... . . ... . . .. . .. 264
`Saving the Template .. . . ... ... . . . .. . . ..... . .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. 264
`Looking at the HTML Document . . . . ... . . .. .. . . . .... ........ 265
`Editing the HTML Document .... . ..... . .. . . ... . . . .. .... . . .. 267
`Putting in an Image and the Links .. . ...... . .. .. .. .. .. ....... 268
`Previewing the Home Page . ... . .. .. .. . . ... .. . . . . .. ... . .. .. 269
`Finding a Home for Your Page ..... . ... . ........... . . . .. . .. . .. 272
`
`Appendix A: Getting Connected and Getting Help ............. Z75
`Different Types of Connections . .. ......... . ... ... .... . ... . . ... 276
`Equipment You'll Need ... ... . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . ................ 277
`Hardware .... .. .. . . . ... .. ......... . ... . . . .. .. . .. . ... . ... 277
`Software .. . ... . . .. .... . . .... . ..... . ............ .. .... . .. 278
`Going Online with a Macintosh . .. ... .. . .. . .. ........ . ... . . . . .. 279
`Finding a Service Provider .. .. .... ...... . ... . ............. . . . , 280
`The Chicken or the Egg . .. .. . .. . . .. . . . ....... . ... .. ........ .. 281
`Getting Started ..... ... ... . ...... . . . . . .... . . .. .. . . . ... . . . . .. 283
`Logging In ... .. . .. ... ..... . .. . .. .. . ... ...... . .. . ......... 283
`You're on the Net . ... . . .. . .... . .. .. .... .. . ..... . ......... 283
`
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`Dealing with Problems ... . . ......... .. . ..... . .... . ...... .. . .. 284
`Stop This Crazy Thing! ......................... . . . ......... 284
`Getting Help . .. ........ . . .. ... . . ....... .... . ... .... . ..... 285
`
`Appendix B: Glossary of Internet Terms ..................... Z87
`
`Index ................................................ 333
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`Introduction
`
`Will the Internet hype never end? It seems like there's a newspaper article or
`magazine cover story every day. You probably saw hundreds of other Internet
`books on the shelf where you picked this up. Most of those books and magazine
`articles are full of breathless prose about an "information superhighway," or vague
`first impressions that betray not only a lack of understanding but also a deadline
`looming large.
`Still, more and more people are connecting to the Net every day, and some busi(cid:173)
`nesses are beginning to rely on it for communication, for information, and even for
`transportation of certain types of products, such as software or writing. Maybe
`you've already got access to the Internet through your work or school, or maybe
`you're considering getting a modem and trying it out for yourself.
`
`This book is different from most of the other books out there. It's not a puff
`piece, full of generalities and futuristic hype. Neither is it a technical manual. I
`assume that you generally don't care why things work the way they do. Instead, this
`book tells exactly how to get things done on the Internet.
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`How This Book Works
`
`For most people, the basic appeal of the Internet is e-mail and the World Wide
`Web. I devote a lot of this book to those lwo topics because I realize that that's all
`some people are going to wanl to do. Eventually, though, you'll be tempted to look
`into some of the other resources available via the Net, and I cover some of the
`most interesting ones, such as Usenet and FTP.
`
`The Internet is a great resource, and you're bound to learn more about it once
`you're connected. For now, I'm just going to tell you enough to get you over the
`threshold. That's all you really need.
`The book contains twelve chapters and two appendices. The next sections dis(cid:173)
`cuss whal lhese chapters cover.
`Getting Oriented and Sending Mail
`Chapter 1 gives you a basic overview of the Internet, e-mail, and the World Wide
`Web. I introduce most of the basic terminology you'll need to deal with to start
`learning about these subjects. I also explain the different ways you might connect to
`the Internet and how the book will handle those alternatives.
`Chapter 2 introduces the most basic e-mail concepts, essentially how to send,
`read, and respond to mail. If you've already used e-mail, you should be able to skim
`this chapter. Chapter 3 explains some of the other useful and more elaborate uses
`of e-mail (such as attaching files). Both Chapters 2 and 3 cover a variety of e-mail
`programs, so either the program you use will be covered there or a very similar pro(cid:173)
`gram will be.
`The Web-Where the Action Is
`Chapter 4 introduces you to the World Wide Web and the various programs
`(called Web browsers) that you might use to connect to it. Chapter 5 shows you how
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`to search the Internet with your Web browser, so that finding things on the Net can
`be a little easier than just hunting around blindly. Chapter 6 explains how you
`can juice up your Web browser and connect to and play all kinds of multimedia con(cid:173)
`tent from the Internet.
`
`The Internet as Community
`In some ways the Net is like the phone system. It's another tool for contacting
`people, but it works only if the other people you want to reach are also on the system.
`Chapter 7 tells you all about mailing lists-how to get on them, how to contribute
`to them, and how to find them. These lists will be your first taste of virtual communi(cid:173)
`ties of people united by common interests, no matter where they are geographically.
`Chapter 8 explains the Usenet news network, a huge assortment of newsgroups
`devoted to interests and topics of every imaginable stripe, and tells you the practical
`details of running a newsreader program and reading and contributing to news(cid:173)
`groups yourself. No matter what newsreader you end up using-or even if you use
`your Web browser to read news- this chapter will have you covered.
`Chapter 9 discusses live chatting using the IRC system and the various programs
`you can use to access IRC.
`
`The Internet's Nooks and Crannies
`Not everything on the Net is easily available via the World Wide Web, so Chap(cid:173)
`ter 1 O explains how to use some of the older Internet protocols, such as FTP and
`Telnet to find and connect to resources on the Net. Chapter 11 covers Gopher, a con(cid:173)
`venient way of browsing the Internet's archives, especially those at universities
`(although much of its usefulness has been overshadowed by the World Wide Web).
`Your Name Here
`The last chapter of the book shows you how to easily create a simple home page
`and how to find a place to publish it on the Web.
`Appendices
`Appendix A explains how to get an Internet connection, starting from scratch if nec(cid:173)
`essary, as well as how to connect and what to do when things don't work the way they
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`should. Appendix B is an essential glossary of the Internet jargon you hear bandied
`about nowadays (and other things you'll hear about on the Net and want explained).
`
`Conventions I Use in This Book
`When I want you to type something, I'll put it in boldface, and I'll use italics for
`new terms and jargon. When I want to give you useful Internet addresses or refer(cid:173)
`ences, I'll put the information i n th i s font or even
`& on a lin e by itsel f.
`
`Sometimes, the specific text you need to type will vary from case to case. If so, I'll
`include some dummy text in italics. Don't type the italicized or underlined words!
`Instead, substitute the relevant file name, directory name, newsgroup name, etc.
`When the time comes, you'll know what to do. Usenet newsgroups also appear i n
`th i s font . Program messages that appear on your screen are shown in quo(cid:173)
`tation marks.
`
`You'll notice (if you haven't already) that Web addresses (also called URLs) are
`often quite long, and it's important that you type them in exactly, if you're trying to
`visit a mentioned site with your Web browser. Because many of them are too long
`to fit snugly on one line of this book, I've allowed U Rls to break after any forward
`slash (/) or dot (.), without a hyphen ever being inserted. If you see a URL that
`breaks over a line and continues on the next line (such as http : / / e zone .
`or g / e z I e 5 I art i c 1 es/xi an/bac kd rop . ht m 1 ), just type it all on
`one line, without skipping a space for the line break!
`Occasionally in this book I'll mention Unix programs. Because Unix is case sensi(cid:173)
`tive, the names of many of these programs are traditionally written all lowercase
`(such as pine, ire, gopher, tin, vi, and so on). I will refer to these programs by capi(cid:173)
`talizing their initial letter (Pine, Ire, Gopher, Vi) to make the sentences easier to read
`
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