Paper No. 1
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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`____________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`____________________
`
`
`APPLE INC.,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`OMNI MEDSCI, INC.,
`Patent Owner.
`
`Patent No. 9,651,533
`
`____________________
`
`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2019-00916
`__________________________________________________________________
`
`Petition for Inter Partes Review of
`U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533
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`Petition in IPR2019-00916
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`U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533
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`Table of Contents
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`Introduction ................................................................................................ 1
`I.
`II. Certification; Grounds ............................................................................... 2
`A.
`Petitioner May Contest the ’533 Patent (§ 42.104(a)) ..................... 2
`B.
`Identification of Claims Being Challenged (§ 42.104(b)) ................ 3
`C.
`Fee for Inter Partes Review (§ 42.15(a)) ........................................... 3
`D.
`Service on Patent Owner (§ 42.105) ................................................. 3
`III. Background Technology ............................................................................. 4
`A.
`Photoplethysmography ..................................................................... 4
`B.
`Prevailing Industry Trends Before 2012 ......................................... 6
`IV. The ’533 Patent ......................................................................................... 12
`A.
`The ’533 Patent Is Subject to AIA ................................................. 12
`B.
`File History ...................................................................................... 16
`C.
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ............................................... 16
`V. Claim Construction ................................................................................... 17
`VI. Detailed Explanation Why the ’533 Patent Claims Are Unpatentable .. 20
`A.
`Lisogurski in View of Carlson Renders Obvious Claims 5, 7-10,
`13, and 15-17 ................................................................................... 21
`1.
`Overview of Lisogurski .......................................................... 21
`2.
`Overview of Carlson ............................................................... 23
`3.
`A Skilled Person Would Have Modified Lisogurski to
`Incorporate Elements Shown in Carlson ................................. 24
`Theoretical Distinctions Between Lisogurski and Independent
`Claims 5, 7-9, 13, and 15-17 ................................................... 26
`Comparison of Claim 13 to Lisogurski and Carlson ................ 28
`a)
`Preamble ....................................................................... 28
`b)
`“a wearable measurement device…” ............................. 28
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`4.
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`5.
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`c)
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`d)
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`e)
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`6.
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`“the light source configured to increase signal-to-noise
`ratio” ............................................................................. 30
`“the wearable measurement device comprising a plurality
`of lenses configured to receive a portion of the output
`optical beam and to deliver an analysis output beam to a
`sample” ......................................................................... 39
`“the wearable measurement device further comprising a
`receiver configured to receive and process at least a
`portion of the analysis output beam reflected or
`transmitted from the sample and to generate an output
`signal, wherein the wearable measurement device
`receiver is configured to be synchronized to pulses of the
`light source”.................................................................. 44
`“a personal device…” ................................................... 49
`f)
`“a remote device…” ...................................................... 53
`g)
`Comparison of Claim 5 to Lisogurski and Carlson .................. 55
`a)
`Preamble ....................................................................... 55
`b)
`“a light source comprising a plurality of … light emitting
`diodes …” ..................................................................... 56
`“the light source configured to increase signal-to-noise
`ratio….” ........................................................................ 56
`“an apparatus comprising a plurality of lenses configured
`to receive a portion of the output optical beam and to
`deliver an analysis output beam to a sample” ................ 56
`“a receiver configured to receive and process at least a
`portion of the analysis output beam reflected or
`transmitted from the sample and to generate an output
`signal, wherein the receiver is configured to be
`synchronized to pulses of the light source” ................... 56
`“a personal device…” ................................................... 57
`“a remote device configured to receive over the wireless
`transmission link an output status comprising the at least
`a portion of the processed output signal, to process the
`received output status to generate processed data and to
`store the processed data.” .............................................. 57
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`c)
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`d)
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`e)
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`f)
`g)
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`7.
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`B.
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`Comparison of Dependent Claims to Lisogurski and Carlson . 58
`a)
`Transmitting GPS and Time Data as Specified in Claims
`7 and 13 Would Have Been Obvious from Carlson ....... 58
`Claims 8 and 16 ............................................................ 60
`b)
`Claims 9 and 17 ............................................................ 62
`c)
`Claim 10 ....................................................................... 63
`d)
`Lisogurski, Carlson, and Mannheimer Render Obvious Claims 8-
`9 and 16-17 ...................................................................................... 63
`1.
`Overview of Mannheimer ....................................................... 64
`2.
`A Skilled Person Would Have Modified Lisogurski and Carlson
`to Incorporate Elements Shown in Mannheimer...................... 64
`a)
`Claims 8 and 16 ............................................................ 66
`b)
`Claims 9 and 17 ............................................................ 68
`C. No Secondary Considerations Exist ............................................... 69
`VII. Conclusion ................................................................................................. 70
`Claim Appendix .................................................................................................... 1
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
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`Page(s)
`
`Cases
`Droplets, Inc. v. E*TRADE Bank,
`887 F.3d 1309 (Fed. Cir. 2018) ........................................................................ 15
`Hologic, Inc. v. Smith & Nephew, Inc.,
`884 F.3d 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2018) ........................................................................ 13
`Lockwood v. American Airlines,
`107 F.3d 1565 (1997) ....................................................................................... 13
`Sinorgchem Co., Shandong v. Int’l Trade Comm’n,
`511 F.3d 1132 (Fed. Cir. 2007) ........................................................................ 18
`Statutes
`35 U.S.C. § 102 .................................................................................................... 23
`35 U.S.C. § 103 ...................................................................................................... 3
`35 U.S.C. § 112 .................................................................................................... 13
`35 U.S.C. § 315(b) .................................................................................................. 3
`Other Authorities
`37 C.F.R. 1.57(d) .................................................................................................. 15
`37 CFR § 42.15(a) .................................................................................................. 3
`M.P.E.P. 2159.02 .................................................................................................. 13
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`Exhibit List
`
`Exhibit
`Reference Name
`#
`1001 U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533
`1002 U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533 File History
`1003 Declaration of Brian W. Anthony, PhD
`1004 Proof of Service of Summons in Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., No.
`2:18-cv-134 (E.D. Tex.)
`1005 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0197093 (“Valencell ’093”)
`1006 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0217099 (“Valencell ’099”)
`1007 U.S. Patent No. 6,505,133 (“Hanna”)
`1008 U.S. Patent No. 5,746,206 (“Mannheimer”)
`1009 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0049468 (“Carlson”)
`1010 U.S. Patent No. 9,596,990 (“Park”)
`1011 U.S. Patent No. 9,241,676 (“Lisogurski”)
`1012 RESERVED
`1013 RESERVED
`1014 U.S. Patent No. 8,172,761 (“Rulkov”)
`1015 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/747,487
`1016 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/747,472
`1017 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/747,477
`1018 U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/754,698
`1019
`“The Biomedical Engineering Handbook,” by Joseph D. Bronzino (1995)
`(“BE Handbook”)
`1020 M. Kranz, et al., The mobile fitness coach: Towards individualized skill
`assessment using personalized mobile devices, Pervasive and Mobile
`Computing (June 2012)
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`U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533
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`1023
`
`Exhibit
`Reference Name
`#
`1021 Patel, et al., A review of wearable sensors and systems with application
`rehabilitation, Journal of Neuroengineering & Rehabilitation (2012)
`1022 ScienceDirect Report on M. Kranz, et al., The mobile fitness coach:
`Towards individualized skill assessment using personalized mobile
`devices, Pervasive and Mobile Computing (2012), available at
`https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
`S1574119212000673?via%3Dihub
`"The Usage of Tablets in the HealthCare Industry," by Rauf Adil, available
`at https://www.healthcareitnews.com/blog/usage-tablets-healthcare-
`industry (Aug. 2, 2012)
`1024 A. More, Bluetooth Low Enegery: Wireless Connectivity for Medical
`Monitoring, Journal of Diabetes Science & Technology (Mar. 2010)
`1025 1. Absorption Coefficient and Penetration Depth, available at
`https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Materials_Science/Supplemental_M
`odules_(Materials_Science)/The_Science_of_Solar (Accessed October 29,
`2018)
`1026 Buttussi, Fabio, Chittaro, Luca, MOPET: A context-aware and user-
`adaptive wearable system for fitness training (2008)
`1027 P. Baum, et al., Strategic Intelligence Monitor on Personal Health Systems,
`Phase 2: Market Developments - Remote Patient Monitoring and
`Treatment, Telecare, Fitness/Wellnes and mHealth, JRC Scientific and
`Policy Reports of European Commission (2013)
`1028 Compendium of Chemical Terminology Gold Book Version 2.3.3,
`February 24, 2014
`1029 M. Swan, Senior Mania! The Internet of Things, Wearable Computing,
`Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0, Journal of Sensor and
`Actuator Networks (2012)
`1030 Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition
`1031 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0041767 (“Hoffman”)
`1032 U.S. Patent No. 7,278,966 (“Hjelt”)
`1033 Lister et al., Optical properties of human skin (Journal of Biomedical
`Optics 2012)
`1034 Bashkatov et al., Optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous and
`mucous tissues in the wavelength range from 400 to 2000 nm, Journal of
`Physics D: Applied Physics (2005)
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`Exhibit
`Reference Name
`#
`1035 E.F. Schubert, Light-Emitting Diodes (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2nd ed.
`reprinted 2014)
`1036 Barolet, Daniel, Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in Dermatology (Seminars
`in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 2008)
`1037 RESERVED
`1038 RESERVED
`1039 Omni MedSci Inc.’s Opening Claim Construction Brief, No. 2:18-cv-134-
`RWS (filed December 20, 2018)
`1040 Apple Inc.’s Preliminary Claim Constructions and Extrinsic Evidence
`Pursuant to Patent Local Rule 4-2, No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS (filed November
`1, 2018)
`1041 Exhibit E from , Excerpts from the American Heritage Dictionary, 5th
`Edition, filed January 14, 2019, No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1042 Exhibit O, Excerpts from the American Heritage Dictionary, 5th Edition.
`Filed January 14, 2019. No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1043 Amended Joint Claim Construction and Prehearing Statement. Filed
`January 11, 2019. No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1044 Claim Construction Markman Hearing Transcript, February 6, 2019. No.
`2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1045 Omni Preliminary Proposed Claim Constructions Pursuant to P.R. 4-2.
`Served on November 1, 2018. Case No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1046 Exhibit G, Excerpts from Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary,
`Eleventh Edition, No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1047 Exhibit N, Excerpts from Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary,
`Eleventh Edition, No. 2:18-cv-134-RWS
`1048 U.S. Patent No. 6,044,283 (“Fein”)
`1049 U.S. Patent No. 5,774,213 (“Trebino”)
`1050 U.S. Patent No. 5,855,550 (“Lai”)
`1051 U.S. Patent No. 6,898,451 (“Wuori”)
`1052 U.S. Patent No. 4,972,331 (“Chance”)
`1053 Curriculum Vitae of Brian W. Anthony, PhD
`1054 Dr. Mohammed Islam, Faculty Profile, University of Michigan, College of
`Engineering (available at https://islam.engin.umich.edu)
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`Exhibit
`Reference Name
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`1055 Technology Transfer Policy, University of Michigan (available at
`https://techtransfer.umich.edu/for-inventors/policies/technology-transfer-
`policy/)
`1056 Bylaws of the University of Michigan Board of Regents, (available at
`http://www.regents.umich.edu/bylaws/bylawsrevised_09-18.pdf)
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`Petitioner’s Mandatory Notices
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`A. Real Party in Interest (§42.8(b)(1))
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`The real party in interest of this petition pursuant to § 42.8(b)(1) is Apple
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`Inc. (“Apple”) located at One Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA 95014.
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`B. Other Proceedings (§42.8(b)(2))
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`1.
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`Patents and Applications
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`U.S. Patent No. 9,651,533 (“’533 patent”) is related to following issued
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`patents or pending applications:
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`•
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`•
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`•
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`U.S. Patent No. 9,164,032
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`U.S. Appl. No. 15/594,053
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`U.S. Appl. No. 16/015,737
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`2.
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`Related Litigation
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`The ’533 patent has been asserted in the following litigations:
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`• Omni MedSci, Inc. v. Apple Inc., Action No. 2-18-cv-00134-RWS
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`(pending).
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`3.
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`Patent Office Proceedings
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`The ’533 patent is subject to IPR2019-00913, filed by Apple.
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`C.
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`Lead and Backup Lead Counsel (§42.8(b)(3))
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`Lead Counsel is: Jeffrey P. Kushan (Reg. No. 43,401), jkushan@sidley.com,
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`(202) 736-8914. Back-Up Lead Counsel are: Ching-Lee Fukuda (Reg. No.
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`44,334), clfukuda@sidley.com, (212) 839-7364; Kathi Cover (Reg. No. 37,803),
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`kcover@sidley.com, (202) 736-8377; Thomas A. Broughan III (Reg. No. 66,001),
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`tbroughan@sidley.com, (202) 736-8314; and Sharon Lee (pro hac vice to be
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`submitted), sharon.lee@sidley.com, (202) 736-8510.
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`D.
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`Service Information (§42.8(b)(4))
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`Service on Petitioner may be made by e-mail (iprnotices@sidley.com), mail
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`or hand delivery to: Sidley Austin LLP, 1501 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
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`20005. The fax number for lead and backup lead counsel is (202) 736-8711.
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`I.
`
`Introduction
`Health monitoring systems based on optical sensors, which measure
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`physiological parameters of a user based on how light interacts with the user’s
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`tissue and blood, have been ubiquitous for decades. Once found only in hospitals
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`and doctor’s offices, these systems are now mainstream consumer devices. Over
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`time, they evolved to become smaller, digital, wireless, and Internet-connected, an
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`evolution driven by several market trends and forces. One sought to meet the
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`needs and convenience of users for such devices to be wearable, unobtrusive, and
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`mobile. Another addressed the need to integrate these devices into a digital data
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`processing environment based on real-time collection and delivery of user data. A
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`third responded to consumer demand for personal health and fitness monitoring
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`devices.
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`The ’533 patent likewise claims systems that use optical sensors to measure
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`a physiologic parameter of a person. They recite as their components what a well-
`
`known textbook describes as the “basic building blocks” of optical sensors
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`(Ex.1019 (“BE Handbook”), 765) and employ what the patent itself calls “mature
`
`technologies from the telecommunications and fiber optics industry” (Ex.1001,
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`2:21-23). The claimed systems combine these conventional and common
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`components, including multiple light emitting diodes (LEDs) that generate light at
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`least in the near-infrared range, lenses for directing the light to the skin, a receiver,
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`a personal device that receives and processes the output signal and wirelessly
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`communicates it to a remote device, and standard signal processing techniques.
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`For example, U.S. 9,241,676 (“Lisogurski”) describes an optical monitor
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`with an LED-based sensor that measures heart rate using various signal processing
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`techniques to extract accurate physiological information from a noisy signal,
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`including increasing both the intensity and the pulse rate of the LEDs. Other prior
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`art, such as Carlson (Ex.1009), describes conventional techniques used in such
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`optical monitors—such as the use of lenses—that a skilled person would have
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`found obvious to use in the analogous devices described in Lisogurski.
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`Each contested claim of the ’533 patent, thus, is unpatentable, and Petitioner
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`respectfully requests that trial be instituted and that these claims be cancelled.
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`II. Certification; Grounds
`Petitioner May Contest the ’533 Patent (§ 42.104(a))
`A.
`Petitioner certifies that the ’533 patent is available for inter partes review
`
`(IPR). Petitioner also certifies it is not barred or estopped from requesting IPR of
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`the ’533 patent claims. Neither Petitioner, nor any party in privity with Petitioner,
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`has filed a civil action challenging the validity of any claim of the ’533 patent. The
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`’533 patent has not been the subject of a prior IPR by Petitioner or a privy of
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`Petitioner.
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`Petitioner also certifies this IPR petition is timely filed as it is filed less than
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`one year after April 10, 2018, the date Petitioner was first served with a complaint
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`alleging infringement of a claim of the ’533 patent. See 35 U.S.C. § 315(b);
`
`Ex.1004.
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`Identification of Claims Being Challenged (§ 42.104(b))
`B.
`Claims 5, 7-10, 13, and 15-17 are unpatentable based on the following
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`grounds.
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`(i) Claims 5, 7-10, 13, and 15-17 are rendered obvious under 35 U.S.C.
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`§ 103 based on U.S. Patent No. 9,241,676 (“Lisogurski”) (Ex. 1011) and U.S.
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`Patent Pub. 2005/0049468 (“Carlson”) (Ex.1009).
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`(ii) Claims 8-9 and 16-17 are rendered obvious based on Lisogurski,
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`Carlson, and U.S. 5,746,206 (“Mannheimer”) (Ex.1008).
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`Fee for Inter Partes Review (§ 42.15(a))
`C.
`The Director is authorized to charge the fee specified by 37 CFR § 42.15(a)
`
`to Deposit Account No. 50-1597.
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`Service on Patent Owner (§ 42.105)
`D.
`Omni MedSci, Inc. is identified as the patent owner of record in the
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`assignment records for the ’533 Patent. The named inventor of ’533 patent, Dr.
`
`Islam, has been a member of the faculty of the University of Michigan since 1992.
`
`Ex.1054. Based on the University of Michigan Bylaw 3.10 and Technology
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`Transfer Policy, the University of Michigan is the owner of the ’533 patent.
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`Ex.1055, Ex.1056 at 21-22. Dr. Islam has also purported to assign the patent to
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`Omni MedSci. Id. Petitioner has thus served this petition on both the University
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`of Michigan and Omni MedSci.
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`III. Background Technology
`Photoplethysmography
`A.
`Optical health monitors use a sensing technique called
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`photoplethysmography (“PPG”) that has been known and used for decades in
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`medical monitoring systems. Ex.1003, ¶37; Ex.1019, 769-76, 1346-55. PPG
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`works by shining light through a person’s tissue and measuring the light that is
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`either reflected back or transmitted through the tissue. Ex.1019, 766. Different
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`components of blood and tissue absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light.
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`Ex.1003, ¶38. By measuring how much light is absorbed and its changes over
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`time, a device can calculate the components of the blood and tissue. Ex.1003, ¶38.
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`For example, hemoglobin (the substance in blood that carries oxygen to
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`cells) reflects more red light when it is oxygenated and absorbs more red light
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`when it is deoxygenated. Ex.1019, 769; see Ex.1003, ¶39. Hemoglobin, however,
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`reflects the same amount of infrared (IR) light whether oxygenated or
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`deoxygenated. Ex.1019, 769. If a device measures the absorbed red and IR light
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`multiple times per second, the device can determine: (i) the ratio of oxygenated to
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`deoxygenated hemoglobin (oxygen saturation), and (ii) how the volume of blood in
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`the tissue changes over time, allowing detection of a person’s pulse. Ex.1019, 769,
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`771; Ex.1003, ¶39.
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`PPG is an optical technique that uses conventional optical components.
`
`Ex.1003, ¶40. The 1995 BE Handbook explains that the “basic building blocks” of
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`optical sensor systems include lenses, mirrors, filters, beam splitters, light sources,
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`fiber optics, and detectors. Ex.1019, 765. As illustrated in the figure below, light
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`is directed through a lens and onto a sample. Ex.1019, 765. The light reflects back
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`from the sample, is filtered, and sensed by a photodetector. Id.; Ex.1003, ¶¶41-43.
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`The photodetector outputs a signal proportionate to the measured light intensity,
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`and then analog-to-digital conversion and signal processing are performed to
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`extract data. Ex.1019, 766. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the light source
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`is typically modulated, and the detector uses “synchronized lock-in amplifier
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`detection” to isolate signals that occur at the modulation frequency. Ex.1019, 764,
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`766. This allows the detector to reduce the noise in the detected signal. Ex.1003,
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`¶¶44-45.
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`Portable devices conventionally use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light
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`source because LEDs are small and have low power requirements. Ex.1019, 765;
`
`Ex.1003, ¶40.
`
`Prevailing Industry Trends Before 2012
`B.
`From 2000 to 2012, several market trends and needs drove the medical
`
`device industry to develop wearable, mobile sensor devices that could wirelessly
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`communicate user data to remote devices. Ex.1003, ¶48.
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`One trend responded to the challenge of providing medical care for patients
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`in their homes or in locations where there was not easy access to a physician. This
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`drove development of wireless monitoring technologies that could be worn by the
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`patient and used to transmit data to a remote physician or care provider. Ex.1021,
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`2; Ex.1024, 462; Ex.1027, 15-31; see Ex.1003, ¶¶48, 52-53.
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`Another trend was to bring heart rate sensing devices based on pulsoximetry
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`to the consumer market for personal fitness tracking and other uses. Ex.1003,
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`¶¶49-50. As a June 2012 review observed:
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`A multitude of commercial health devices and sensors, such as
`oximeters and heart rate monitors, formerly reserved for professional
`use, are now available and can be connected to smartphones. GPS
`watches, pedometers and heart rate monitors…
`
`Ex.1020, 3; see also Ex.1009, [0004] (“Pulsoximetry measuring devices are also
`
`used in sports for control and survey of athletes.”); Ex.1029, 221 (“Wristband
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`sensors are a predecessor to smartwatches and remain a successful product
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`category on their own…”); Ex.1005, [0003] (“There is growing market demand for
`
`personal health… monitors, for example, for gauging overall health, fitness,
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`metabolism, and vital status during exercise, athletic training…”); Ex.1027, 33, 35.
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`A third trend sought to take advantage of the miniaturization of electronics
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`and communication technology, which led to the development of smaller, wearable
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`monitoring systems for mobile health and fitness applications. Ex.1021, 3;
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`Ex.1022, 1 see Ex.1003, ¶¶51-52.
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`A fourth trend in the medical industry was to use apps and smartphones to
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`not only deliver care to patients but to give individuals access to health data for
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`fitness or health issues. This drove integration of miniaturized, network-connected
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`monitoring devices with smartphones and similar devices. Ex.1027, 9-10, 40-49;
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`Ex.1023, 1-2 (“Doctors and nurses were the early adopters of tablets”); Ex.1021, 4;
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`see Ex.1023, 5 (One of “the biggest usage of tablets stems from… [p]atient
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`monitoring and data collection…, includ[ing] using the Bluetooth enabled sensor
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`devices and Wi-Fi+ Bluetooth enabled interfaces to patient monitoring devices, to
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`medical instruments that can transmit information to the tablet when in the
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`vicinity.”); Ex.1027, 41; see Ex.1003, ¶¶51-52. It also led to the prevalent use of
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`cloud-based data transfer and storage of data. Ex.1003, ¶52.
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`These market trends provided a strong motivation to skilled persons to
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`integrate medical optical sensing techniques into miniaturized wearable consumer
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`devices that communicate wirelessly with smart devices and remote services.
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`Ex.1003, ¶¶49-50. They also led to a proliferation of products using a distributed
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`architecture supporting personal health, sports, and mobile monitoring systems.
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`Ex.1003, ¶53.
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`One example of this architecture was described in Patel 2012 (Ex. 1021):
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`Ex.1021, 2. As this figure illustrates, data from wearable sensors is transmitted to
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`a cell phone, which in turn transmits the data, along with GPS information, to
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`remote devices used by a clinician or maintained by an emergency responder. The
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`data are also shown being transmitted to and stored in the cloud. Ex.1021, 2, 4.
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`A 2010 publication described a similar architecture in which “medical data
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`can be sent from a wireless monitor to a cell phone or PC and from there to a
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`remote physician.” Ex.1024, 459. As depicted, it comprised three network-
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`interconnected components: (i) the “sensor” device on the person that collected
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`physiological data, (ii) a host device such as a smartphone, tablet, or computer that
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`wirelessly captured and transmitted the physiological data, and (iii) a remote web
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`service accessible over the Internet. Ex.1024, 460; Ex.1003, ¶54.
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`Other articles from around 2012 similarly envisioned use of “cloud” based
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`services to support this interconnected scheme. Ex.1003, ¶55. A 2012 article
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`illustrated a cloud-based architecture implemented as a fitness app as follows:
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`Ex.1020, 7. In this example, a smartphone records and processes sensor data, then
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`sends the data to a cloud server for further processing, and then the cloud server
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`returns processed data back to the smartphone for display to the user. Ex.1020, 7;
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`Ex.1020, 6, 12. This same article specifically recognized this type of system could
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`be used with heart rate monitors and optical sensors. Ex.1020, 12 (“Coupling with
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`devices like heart rate monitors using e.g. ANT+ further would increase the sensed
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`database and allow for further, more detailed physical and physiological
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`assessments.”).
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`The wireless, Internet-connected architecture for collecting, processing and
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`returning processed health data reflected in these papers mirrors the analogous
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`wired-device architecture that had been used for decades. Ex.1003, ¶56. For
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`example, the 1995 BE Handbook depicted a remote monitoring system based on
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`wired technology, showing an analogous architecture where data is collected by a
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`wired wearable sensor, transmitted from a home monitor and a landline phone to a
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`remote computer, and used to create reports for physicians to share with a patient.
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`Ex.1019, 1363.
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`Ex.1019, 1363.
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`IV. The ’533 Patent
`A. The ’533 Patent Is Subject to AIA
`The ’533 patent issued from U.S. Application No. 14/875,709, filed on
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`October 6, 2015, and claims priority to U.S. provisional application No.
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`61/747,487 (’487 Provisional), filed on December 31, 2012, and the benefit of U.S.
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`Application No. 14/108,986 (’986 Application), filed on December 17, 2013.
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`Because the contested claims are not entitled to benefit or priority to these earlier
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`filed applications, their effective filing date is not earlier than October 6, 2015.
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`To be entitled to priority to an earlier filed application, the claimed subject
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`matter must be supported in the manner required by 35 U.S.C. § 112 by the
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`disclosure of the earlier application. Hologic, Inc. v. Smith & Nephew, Inc., 884
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`F.3d 1357, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2018). The earlier application’s disclosure must
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`establish, inter alia, possession of the invention as it is later claimed—it is not
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`sufficient for the earlier disclosure to simply make the claimed invention obvious.
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`Lockwood v. American Airlines, 107 F.3d 1565, 1572 (1997). In addition, a patent
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`with at least one claim having an effective filing date after March 16, 2013 is
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`subject to the AIA’s first-to-file provisions.1
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`Here, because claims 5, 7, 12, and 15 of the ’533 patent are not entitled to
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`claim priority to the ’487 Provisional, the ’533 Patent is subject to the AIA. A
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`review of the ’487 provisional and the ’986 Application demonstrates why this is
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`so.
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`Claim 5 requires a “personal device” that “receives and processes” an output
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`signal from a measurement apparatus, and then wirelessly transmits the processed
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`1
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`Pub. L. 112-29, §3(n); see MPEP 2159.02.
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`signal to a “remote device.”2 While the ’487 Provisional describes a detection
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`system that can send data to “a computational system, comprising computers or
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`other processing equipment,” there is no disclosure of the computing system
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`wirelessly sending data it has processed to a remote system for additional
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`processing. Ex.1015, [0066], [0074] (describing a computer system 1811). The
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`’487 provisional also describes a camera that can wirelessly interface with a
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`computer, tablet, or smartphone, but there is no disclosure of those devices sending
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`the camera data to a remote device. Ex.1015, [0068].
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`Claims 7 and 15 (depending from claims 5 and 13, respectively) specify that
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`the “remote device” transmits: (i) “information related to a time and a position”
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`and (ii) processed data to “a doctor, a healthcare provider, a cloud-based server and
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`one or more designated recipients.” The ’487 Provisional contains no disclosure of
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`any device transmitting information related to time and position or processed data
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`to a doctor, healthcare provider, or a cloud-based server. Ex.1003, ¶31.
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`2 Claim 13 contains these same limitations but further specifies additional
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`limitations for the remote device.
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`Consequently, claims 5, 7, 13, and 15 (and claims depending from them) do
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`not find written description support in the ’487 provisional, and cannot validly
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`claim priority to any application filed before March 16, 2013.3
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`The ’533 patent also states it is “related to” a number of provisional
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`applications other than the only one to which it claims priority, and putatively
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`incorporates them by reference. Ex.1001, 1:15-44. None of those provisionals,
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`however, was the basis of a claim for priority, a