1111111111111111 IIIIII IIIII 11111 1111111111 11111 111111111111111 IIIII IIIII 1111111111 11111111
`US 20090083850Al
`
`c19) United States
`c12) Patent Application Publication
`Fadell et al.
`
`c10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0083850 Al
`Mar. 26, 2009
`(43) Pub. Date:
`
`(54) EMBEDDED AUTHENTICATION SYSTEMS
`IN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors:
`
`Anthony Fadell, Portola Valley, CA
`(US); Andrew Hodge, Palo Alto,
`CA (US); Stephan Schell,
`Cupertino, CA (US); Ruben
`Caballero, San Jose, CA (US);
`Jesse Lee Dorogusker, Los Altos,
`CA (US); Stephen Zadesky,
`Portola Valley, CA (US); Emery
`Sanford, San Francisco, CA (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`KRAMER LEVIN NAFTALIS & FRANKEL LLP
`1177 Avenue of the Americas
`New York, NY 10036 (US)
`
`(73) Assignee:
`
`Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`12/207,374
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Sep.9,2008
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/995,200, filed on Sep.
`24, 2007.
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 9132
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ................................ 726/19; 726/16; 726/17
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`
`This invention is directed to an electronic device with an
`embedded authentication system for restricting access to
`device resources. The authentication system may include one
`or more sensors operative to detect biometric information of
`a user. The sensors may be positioned in the device such that
`the sensors may detect appropriate biometric information as
`the user operates the device, without requiring the user to
`perform a step for providing the biometric information ( e.g.,
`embedding a fingerprint sensor in an input mechanism
`instead of providing a fingerprint sensor in a separate part of
`the device housing). In some embodiments, the authentica(cid:173)
`tion system may be operative to detect a visual or temporal
`pattern ofinputs to authenticate a user. In response to authen(cid:173)
`ticating, a user may access restricted files, applications ( e.g.,
`applications purchased by the user), or settings (e.g., appli(cid:173)
`cation settings such as contacts or saved game profile).
`
`1500~
`
`1504
`
`Identify User of Device
`
`Provide Access to Restricted
`Resources
`
`End
`
`No
`
`No
`
`1510
`Instruct the User to
`Authenticate
`
`Apple and Samsung Ex. 1005
`Apple Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and
`Samsung Electronics America, Inc. v. Firstface Co., Ltd.
`IPR2019-00611
`Page 00001
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2009 Sheet 1 of 10
`
`US 2009/0083850 Al
`
`100~
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`102::')
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`Processor
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`Storage
`
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`
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`112,
`Authentication System
`
`FIG. 1
`
`IPR2019-00611 Page 00002
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`IPR2019-00611 Page 00003
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`IPR2019-00611 Page 00004
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`Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2009 Sheet 4 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2009 Sheet 5 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2009 Sheet 6 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2009 Sheet 7 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2009 Sheet 9 of 10
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`Patent Application Publication Mar. 26, 2009 Sheet 10 of 10
`
`US 2009/0083850 Al
`
`1500~
`
`1504
`
`1502
`Start
`
`Identify User of Device
`
`Yes
`
`1512
`Provide Access to Restricted
`Resources
`1514
`
`End
`
`FIG. 15
`
`No
`
`1510
`Instruct the User to
`Authenticate
`
`IPR2019-00611 Page 00011
`
`

`

`US 2009/0083850 Al
`
`Mar. 26, 2009
`
`1
`
`EMBEDDED AUTHENTICATION SYSTEMS
`IN AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. Provi(cid:173)
`sional Patent Application No. 60/995,200, filed Sep. 24,
`2007, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002] This invention is directed to electronic devices with
`embedded authentication systems.
`[0003] Electronic devices, and in particular portable elec(cid:173)
`tronic devices, are used to store personal information. For
`example, users may use cellular telephones, PDAs, smart
`phones, or other electronic devices to store contacts, e-mail,
`calendar information, documents, and other information used
`by the user. While this information may not necessarily be
`confidential, users may desire that at least some of that infor(cid:173)
`mation be unavailable to other people. One approach for
`preventing unauthorized people from accessing and viewing
`the user's personal information may be to require users of the
`electronic device to provide a password or pass code prior to
`enabling device functions or accessing device resources. For
`example, the electronic device may require a user to enter a
`four number or four letter pin prior to displaying the device
`home screen (e.g., a spring board) or menus. As another
`example, an accessory device for detecting a user's finger(cid:173)
`print or for scanning a user's retina may be coupled to the
`device such that the user must first show an authorized fin(cid:173)
`gerprint or retina before receiving access to the device.
`[0004] While both of these approaches may be useful,
`restricting access based on a password or pass code is effec(cid:173)
`tive only so long as no other user knows the password or pass
`code. Once the password or pass code is known, the restric(cid:173)
`tion mechanism may become ineffective. Also, a password or
`pass code may be forgotten, thus locking an authorized user
`out of the device. In addition, requiring a user to provide a
`fingerprint or submit to a retina scan may be time consuming
`and bothersome for the user, requiring an additional step
`before the user can access the device. While this approach is
`more secure than entering a password or pass code, it comes
`at a cost in hardware ( e.g., the necessary scanner, detector, or
`reader) and time. It would be desirable therefore, to provide
`an electronic device by which biometric and other authenti(cid:173)
`cation mechanisms are implemented in the device such that
`the device authenticates the user quickly and seamlessly, for
`example as the user turns on, unlocks or wakes the device.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0005] Methods, electronic devices and computer readable
`media for authenticating a user of an electronic device are
`provided. In some embodiments, an electronic device may
`seamlessly authenticate a user. The electronic device may
`receive an input from a user, the input provided by an input
`mechanism of the electronic device. The electronic device
`may detect identification information as the user provides the
`input from one or more sensors embedded in or adjacent to the
`input mechanism. The electronic device may authenticate the
`user by comparing the detected identification information
`with identification information stored in a library of the
`device. For example, the sensor may include a sensor for
`detecting features of a user's skin, or features underneath a
`
`user's skin. The sensor may be embedded in at least one of a
`touch screen, a button ( e.g., of a keyboard or mouse), device
`housing near an input mechanism ( e.g., laptop housing near
`keyboard), or any other suitable location.
`[0006]
`In some embodiments, the electronic device may
`determine that a user is aligned with a sensing component of
`the device without directing the user to align with the sensing
`component. For example, the sensing component may be
`positioned such that the sensing region of the sensor includes
`expected positions of the user while the user operates the
`electronic device. The sensor may detect one or more biomet(cid:173)
`ric attributes of the user ( e.g., facial or eye features) using the
`sensing component. For example the sensor may include a
`camera or optical sensor located adjacent to a display of the
`device. The user may then be authenticated by comparing the
`detected biometric attributes with a library of biometric
`attributes stored by or accessible to the electronic device.
`[0007]
`In some embodiments, the electronic device may
`authenticate a user based on common attributes of options
`selected by a user. The electronic device may display several
`selectable options for selection by the user, and may receive a
`user selection of a subset of options. The electronic device
`may then identify one or more attributes common to some or
`all of the selected option. The attributes may include, for
`example at least one of, size, color, contour, fill pattern, shape,
`alignment with other options, the position of an option rela(cid:173)
`tive to other options, the source of the option, or any other
`suitable attribute. The electronic device may then authenti(cid:173)
`cate the user based on the identified attribute. For example, if
`the user has selected all of the shapes sharing an attribute
`associated with a particular user, the electronic device may
`authenticate the user.
`[0008]
`In some embodiments, the electronic device may
`authenticate a user based on a pattern of inputs received by the
`device. The electronic device may include a sensor operative
`to detect several inputs provided by a user. For example, the
`sensor may include an input mechanism operative to receive
`inputs provided by a user. As another example, the sensor may
`include an accelerometer or gyroscope operative to detect
`motion of or contacts with the electronic device. The elec(cid:173)
`tronic device may be operative to identify a pattern of the
`detected inputs, and to compare the identified pattern with
`patterns stored in memory to authenticate the user. The pat(cid:173)
`terns may include temporal patterns ( e.g., related to the delays
`between consecutive inputs), visual patterns (e.g., related to
`attributes of several options selected by the user or inputs
`provided by the user), or combinations of these. Upon authen(cid:173)
`ticating the user, the electronic device may provide the user
`with access to restricted electronic device resources.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0009] The above and other objects and advantages of the
`invention will be apparent upon consideration of the follow(cid:173)
`ing detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accom(cid:173)
`panying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to
`like parts throughout, and in which:
`[0010] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an illustrative elec(cid:173)
`tronic device for use with an authentication system in accor(cid:173)
`dance with one embodiment of the invention;
`[0011] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an illustrative display
`screen of an electronic device in accordance with one
`embodiment of the invention;
`
`IPR2019-00611 Page 00012
`
`

`

`US 2009/0083850 Al
`
`Mar. 26, 2009
`
`2
`
`[0012] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an illustrative display
`screen directing a user to authenticate in accordance with one
`embodiment of the invention;
`[0013] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an illustrative display
`screen for directing a user to authenticate prior to accessing
`device resources in accordance with one embodiment of the
`invention;
`[0014] FIGS. 5A-C are schematic views of illustrative dis(cid:173)
`play screens associated with different users provided in
`response to authenticating the user in accordance with one
`embodiment of the invention;
`[0015] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an illustrative elec(cid:173)
`tronic device display for detecting a user's fingerprint in
`accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
`[0016] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another illustrative
`electronic device for detecting a user's fingerprint in accor(cid:173)
`dance with one embodiment of the invention;
`[0017] FIGS. SA and 8B are schematic views of an illus(cid:173)
`trative electronic device for detecting a user's handprint in
`accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
`[0018] FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an illustrative elec(cid:173)
`tronic device for detecting a user's hand print in accordance
`with one embodiment of the invention;
`[0019] FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an illustrative device
`having a sensor operative to detect features underneath a
`user's skin in accordance with one embodiment of the inven(cid:173)
`tion;
`[0020] FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an illustrative elec(cid:173)
`tronic device having a sensor for detecting features of a user's
`face in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
`[0021] FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an illustrative elec(cid:173)
`tronic device having a sensor for detecting features of a user's
`eyes in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
`[0022] FIGS. 13 and 14 are schematic views of an illustra(cid:173)
`tive display for providing a visual pattern in one embodiment
`of the invention; and
`[0023] FIG. 15 is a flow chart of an illustrative process for
`authenticating a user in accordance with one embodiment of
`the invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`[0024] An electronic device having an authentication sys(cid:173)
`tem for restricting access to electronic device resources is
`provided. Access to any suitable electronic device resource
`may be restricted, including for example access to files or data
`stored on or available to the device. As another example,
`access to particular applications may be restricted ( e.g., appli(cid:173)
`cations purchased by particular users, or applications associ(cid:173)
`ated with administrative tasks or privileges). As still another
`example, access to personal settings ( e.g., displayed options,
`background images, or the icons used for applications) may
`be restricted until the user authenticates.
`[0025] Any suitable authentication system may be imple(cid:173)
`mented. In some embodiments, the authentication system
`may include a system for detecting biometric features or
`attributes of a user. For example, the electronic device may
`include a system operative to detect and authenticate a user
`based on features of or under a user's skin, such as a finger
`print, hand print, palm print, knuckle print, blood vessel pat(cid:173)
`tern, or any other suitable portion of or under the user's skin.
`As another example, the electronic device may include a
`system operative to detect and authenticate a user based on
`features of a user's eyes or face, or movements of the user's
`eyes. As still another example, the electronic device may
`
`include a system operative to detect features of a user's ear
`canal, an odor associated with the user, a user's DNA, or any
`other suitable biometric attribute or information associated
`with a user.
`[0026]
`In some embodiments, the authentication system
`may include a system operative to identify a user based on a
`visual or temporal pattern of inputs provided by the user. For
`example, the electronic device may display several selectable
`options or shapes forming a visual pattern. The user may
`select any suitable predetermined subset of displayed options
`to authenticate. For example, the user may select one or more
`options that have a predetermined attribute ( e.g., size, color,
`shape or contour) in common. As another example, the user
`may select one or more options positioned in predetermined
`areas of the display (e.g., independent of the attributes of the
`selected options). The user may select options simulta(cid:173)
`neously, sequentially, or as a combination of these.
`[0027] As another example, the user may provide a series of
`inputs at a particular pace or in a particular pattern. For
`example, the user may select options with a particular delay
`( e.g., pause between two selections). Alternatively, the user
`may provide inputs detected by a sensor ( e.g., an accelerom(cid:173)
`eter or a gyroscope) of the device following a predetermined
`temporal pattern. The device may detect the inputs from
`vibrations caused by tapping the device or an area adjacent to
`the device, moving the device in a particular manner, or any
`other suitable approach for detecting inputs.
`[0028] The electronic device may provide any suitable
`including for
`combination of authentication systems,
`example biometric authentication systems and pattern-based
`authentication systems, several biometric authentication sys(cid:173)
`tems, or several pattern-based systems. In some embodi(cid:173)
`ments, different authentication systems may be associated
`with different resources, such that a user may provide authen(cid:173)
`tication information for several systems before finally access(cid:173)
`ing particular restricted resources ( e.g., private or personal
`information). The electronic device may use any suitable
`approach for selecting which authentication systems to com(cid:173)
`bine. For example, a user may associate several authentica(cid:173)
`tion systems with particular resources, or the electronic
`device may instead automatically (e.g., as a default) assign
`particular authentication systems to particular resources.
`[0029] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an illustrative elec(cid:173)
`tronic device for use with an authentication system in accor(cid:173)
`dance with one embodiment of the invention. Electronic
`device 100 may include processor 102, storage 104, memory
`106, communications circuitry 108, input/output circuitry
`110, authentication system 112 and power supply 114. In
`some embodiments, one or more of electronic device com(cid:173)
`ponents 100 may be combined or omitted (e.g., combine
`storage 104 and memory 106). In some embodiments, elec(cid:173)
`tronic device 100 may include other components not com(cid:173)
`bined or included in those shown in FIG. 1 (e.g., a display,
`bus, or input mechanism), or several instances of the compo(cid:173)
`nents shown in FIG. 1. For the sake of simplicity, only one of
`each of the components is shown in FIG. 1.
`[0030] Processor 102 may include any processing circuitry
`operative to control the operations and performance of elec(cid:173)
`tronic device 100. For example, processor 100 may be used to
`run operating system applications, firmware applications,
`media playback applications, media editing applications, or
`any other application. In some embodiments, a processor may
`drive a display and process inputs received from a user inter(cid:173)
`face.
`
`IPR2019-00611 Page 00013
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`

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`US 2009/0083850 Al
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`Mar. 26, 2009
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`3
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`[0031] Storage 104 may include, for example, one or more
`storage mediums including a hard-drive, solid state drive,
`flash memory, permanent memory such as ROM, any other
`suitable type of storage component, or any combination
`thereof. Storage 104 may store, for example, media data ( e.g.,
`music and video files), application data (e.g., for implement(cid:173)
`ing functions on device 100), firmware, user preference infor(cid:173)
`mation data (e.g., media playback preferences), authentica(cid:173)
`tion information ( e.g. libraries of data associated with
`authorized users), lifestyle information data (e.g., food pref(cid:173)
`erences), exercise
`information data (e.g.,
`information
`obtained by exercise monitoring equipment), transaction
`information data (e.g., information such as credit card infor(cid:173)
`mation), wireless connection information data ( e.g., informa(cid:173)
`tion that may enable electronic device 100 to establish a
`wireless connection), subscription information data ( e.g.,
`information that keeps track of podcasts or television shows
`or other media a user subscribes to), contact information data
`(e.g., telephone numbers and email addresses), calendar
`information data, and any other suitable data or any combi(cid:173)
`nation thereof.
`[0032] Memory 106 can include cache memory, semi-per(cid:173)
`manent memory such as RAM, and/or one or more different
`types of memory used for temporarily storing data. In some
`embodiments, memory 106 can also be used for storing data
`used to operate electronic device applications, or any other
`type of data that may be stored in storage 104. In some
`embodiments, memory 106 and storage 104 may be com(cid:173)
`bined as a single storage medium.
`[0033] Communications circuitry 108 can permit device
`100 to communicate with one or more servers or other devices
`using any suitable communications protocol. Electronic
`device 100 may include one more instances of communica(cid:173)
`tions circuitry 108 for simultaneously performing several
`communications operations using different communications
`networks, although only one is shown in FIG. 1 to avoid
`overcomplicating the drawing. For example, communica(cid:173)
`tions circuitry 108 may support Wi-Fi (e.g., a 802.11 proto(cid:173)
`col), Ethernet, Bluetooth™ (which is a trademark owned by
`Bluetooth Sig, Inc.), radio frequency systems, cellular net(cid:173)
`works (e.g., GSM, AMPS, GPRS, CDMA, EV-DO, EDGE,
`3GSM, DECT, IS-136/TDMA, iDen, LTE or any other suit(cid:173)
`able cellular network or protocol), infrared, TCP/IP ( e.g., any
`of the protocols used in each of the TCP/IP layers), HTTP,
`BitTorrent, FTP, RTP, RTSP, SSH, Voice over IP (VOIP), any
`other communications protocol, or any combination thereof.
`[0034]
`Input/output circuitry 110 may be operative to con(cid:173)
`vert (and encode/decode, if necessary) analog signals and
`other signals into digital data. In some embodiments, input/
`output circuitry can also convert digital data into any other
`type of signal, and vice-versa. For example, input/output
`circuitry 110 may receive and convert physical contact inputs
`(e.g., from a multi-touch screen), physical movements (e.g.,
`from a mouse or sensor), analog audio signals (e.g., from a
`microphone), or any other input. The digital data can be
`provided to and received from processor 102, storage 104,
`memory 106, or any other component of electronic device
`100. Although input/ output circuitry 110 is illustrated in FIG.
`1 as a single component of electronic device 100, several
`instances of input/output circuitry can be included in elec(cid:173)
`tronic device 100.
`[0035] Electronic device 100 may include any suitable
`mechanism or component for allowing a user to provide
`inputs to input/output circuitry 110. For example, electronic
`
`device 100 may include any suitable input mechanism, such
`as for example, a button, keypad, dial, a click wheel, or a
`touch screen. In some embodiments, electronic device 100
`may include a capacitive sensing mechanism, or a multi(cid:173)
`touch capacitive sensing mechanism. Some sensing mecha(cid:173)
`nisms are described in commonly owned U.S. patent appli(cid:173)
`cation Ser. No. 10/902,964, filed Jul. 10, 2004, entitled
`"Gestures for Touch Sensitive Input Device," and U.S. patent
`application Ser. No. 11/028,590, filed Jan. 18, 2005, entitled
`"Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces for Touch Sensitive
`Input Device," both of which are incorporated herein in their
`entirety.
`In some embodiments, electronic device 100 can
`[0036]
`include specialized output circuitry associated with output
`devices such as, for example, one or more audio outputs. The
`audio output may include one or more speakers ( e.g., mono or
`stereo speakers) built into electronic device 100, or an audio
`component that is remotely coupled to electronic device 100
`( e.g., a headset, headphones or earbuds that may be coupled to
`communications device with a wire or wirelessly).
`In some embodiments, I/O circuitry 110 may
`[0037]
`include display circuitry ( e.g., a screen or projection system)
`for providing a display visible to the user. For example, the
`display circuitry may include a screen (e.g., an LCD screen)
`that is incorporated in electronics device 100. As another
`example, the display circuitry may include a movable display
`or a projecting system for providing a display of content on a
`surface remote from electronic device 100 ( e.g., a video pro(cid:173)
`jector). In some embodiments, the display circuitry can
`include a coder/ decoder (Codec) to convert digital media data
`into analog signals. For example, the display circuitry (or
`other appropriate circuitry within electronic device 100) may
`include video Codecs, audio Codecs, or any other suitable
`type of Codec.
`[0038] The display circuitry also can include display driver
`circuitry, circuitry for driving display drivers, or both. The
`display circuitry may be operative to display content (e.g.,
`media playback information, application screens for applica(cid:173)
`tions implemented on the electronic device, information
`regarding ongoing communications operations, information
`regarding incoming communications requests, or device
`operation screens) under the direction of processor 102.
`[0039] Authentication system 112 may include any suitable
`system or sensor operative to receive or detect an input iden(cid:173)
`tifying the user of device 100. For example, authentication
`system 112 may include a skin-pattern sensing mechanism,
`an optical system for identifying users based on their facial
`patterns, eye features ( e.g., retinas), or vein patterns, or any
`other sensor for detecting any other unique biometric feature
`or attribute of a user. As another example, authentication
`system 112 may be operative to receive secret or confidential
`entries identifying the user ( e.g., gestures on the device, or
`touching a particular pattern of objects or colors on a display).
`As still another example, authentication system 112 may be
`operative to detect particular movements or vibrations of the
`device caused by the user. Authentication system 112 may be
`combined or embedded in any other element of electronic
`device 112 ( e.g., a display or a camera), or use events detected
`by various sensors of the electronic device (e.g., an acceler(cid:173)
`ometer or proximity sensor). In some embodiments, several
`types of authentication systems may be combined or imple(cid:173)
`mented in the electronic device.
`[0040]
`In some embodiments, electronic device 100 may
`include a bus operative to provide a data transfer path for
`
`IPR2019-00611 Page 00014
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`US 2009/0083850 Al
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`Mar. 26, 2009
`
`4
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`transferring data to, from, or between control processor 102,
`storage 104, memory 106, communications circuitry 108,
`input/output circuitry 110 authentication system 112, and any
`other component included in the electronic device.
`[0041] To prevent unauthorized access to data or informa(cid:173)
`tion stored in memory or storage, the electronic device may
`direct an authentication system to identify the user and autho(cid:173)
`rize access to requested resources. The electronic device may
`require authorization prior to providing access to any elec(cid:173)
`tronic device resource. In some embodiments, the electronic
`device may require different levels of authorization before
`providing access to different applications or different data or
`files associated with different applications. For example, the
`electronic device may require a user to satisfy several authen(cid:173)
`tication systems prior to providing access to an application or
`data ( e.g., a secondary authentication, for example using bio(cid:173)
`metrics, in addition to a first or initial authentication, for
`example a pass code used to unlock the device).
`[0042] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an illustrative display
`screen of an electronic device in accordance with one
`embodiment of the invention. Display screen 200 may be
`displayed in response to a user unlocking the electronic
`device. Display screen 200 may include selectable options
`210 for accessing various device functions. For example, each
`option 210 may be associated with different applications
`available on the electronic device. As another example, each
`option may be associated with particular data or files avail(cid:173)
`able to the user. The electronic device may or may not require
`authentication to access display 200. For example, display
`200 may include basic or default applications available to the
`user. As another example, display 200 may include default
`features available to all users.
`[0043]
`In some embodiments, one or more applications
`may provide access to or use data or resources that are per(cid:173)
`sonal to one or more users. For example, options 212 and 214,
`associated with telephone and mail applications, respectively,
`may involve personal accounts or contacts that are not asso(cid:173)
`ciated with every user of the electronic device. Prior to pro(cid:173)
`viding access to such applications, or to personal or confiden(cid:173)
`tial features or resources available via such applications, the
`electronic device may require the user to authenticate. In
`some embodiments, default features of applications may be
`available without authentication ( e.g., allow all users to place
`telephone calls, but not to access a contact list).
`[0044] FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an illustrative display
`screen directing a user to authenticate in accordance with one
`embodiment of the invention. Display screen 300 may be
`displayed in response to receiving an instruction from a user
`to access resources (e.g., information or an application)
`restricted by an authentication protocol. Display screen 300
`may include information 310 associated with the selected
`resources. To prevent an unauthorized user from viewing the
`resources prior to authorization, information 310 may be
`blurred or hidden from view (e.g., entries in particular field
`may be unobtainable). In some embodiments, display screen
`300 may instead include no information until the user is
`authenticated.
`[0045] Display screen 300 may include notice 320 instruct(cid:173)
`ing the user to authenticate before accessing the requested
`resources. Notice 320 may include a pop-up, overlay, new
`display screen, or any other suitable type of display for pro(cid:173)
`viding an instruction to the user. Notice 320 may include any
`suitable instruction, including for example a manner in