throbber
(12) United States Patent
`Vijayan et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`May 22, 2007
`
`USOO7221680B2
`
`(54)
`
`(75)
`
`(73)
`
`(*)
`
`(21)
`(22)
`(65)
`
`(60)
`
`(51)
`
`(52)
`(58)
`
`MULTIPLEXING AND TRANSMISSION OF
`MULTIPLE DATA STREAMS IN A WRELESS
`MULTI-CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEM
`Inventors: Rajiv Vijayan, San Diego, CA (US);
`Aamod Khandekar, San Diego, CA
`(US); Fuyun Ling, San Diego, CA
`(US); Gordon Kent Walker, Poway,
`CA (US); Ramaswamy Murali, San
`Diego, CA (US)
`QUALCOMM Incorporated, San
`Diego, CA (US)
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 61 days.
`Appl. No.: 10/932,586
`Filed:
`Sep. 1, 2004
`
`Assignee:
`
`Notice:
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2005/OO58O89 A1
`Mar 17, 2005
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Provisional application No. 60/499,741, filed on Sep.
`2, 2003, provisional application No. 60/559,740, filed
`on Apr. 5, 2004.
`
`Int. C.
`(2006.01)
`H04B 7/26
`U.S. Cl. ....................... 370/441; 370/335; 370/342
`Field of Classification Search ................ 370/431,
`370/310.2, 335,342, 441,330, 208
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`6,618,353 B2 * 9/2003 Merrill et al. .............. 370,225
`2002/0085486 A1* 7/2002 Ehrmann-Patin et al. ... 370/210
`2003/008.6366 A1* 5/2003 Branlund et al. ........... 370,208
`2004/0266351 A1* 12/2004 Chuah et al. ................. 455,62
`
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner Chi Pham
`Assistant Examiner—Ronald Abelson
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Thomas R. Rouse; Sandip S.
`Minhas; Albert J. Harnois, Jr.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Techniques for multiplexing and transmitting multiple data
`streams are described. Transmission of the multiple data
`streams occurs in “super-frames'. Each Super-frame has a
`predetermined time duration and is further divided into
`multiple (e.g., four) frames. Each data block for each data
`stream is outer encoded to generate a corresponding code
`block. Each code block is partitioned into multiple sub
`blocks, and each data packet in each code block is inner
`encoded and modulated to generate modulation symbols for
`the packet. The multiple subblocks for each code block are
`transmitted in the multiple frames of the same Super-frame,
`one Subblock per frame. Each data stream is allocated a
`number of transmission units in each Super-frame and is
`assigned specific transmission units to achieve efficient
`packing. A wireless device can select and receive individual
`data streams.
`
`35 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 1 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`
`
`FIG.2
`
`Tine
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 2 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`la
`
`a P
`
`so
`
`1
`
`---------
`
`as as as ss sm is us - or no - -
`
`a
`
`P
`
`e e
`
`- - - -
`
`o
`
`A.
`
`A
`
`P 1
`
`see
`
`a
`
`
`
`-----------
`
`Code Block
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Time
`- One Super-Frame ->
`FIG. 3A
`
`
`
`Code Block 1
`
`"
`
`".
`
`w"y
`
`W "W
`
`OO)
`
`3
`
`e 4
`
`OOO
`
`H) Time
`- One Super-Frame ->
`FIG. 3B
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 3 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`32F-.sz
`
`
`
`32%.“._onE>m
`
`v.GE
`
`9::
`
`IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIm
`
`I'HIIIIIIIIIIIIIq
`
`IIIIIIIIIIIIIIm
`
`IIIIIIIIII'IIIIN
`
`IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIF
`
`9:9“.95
`
`
`
`
`IIIIIIIIIII'IIIz..
`
`
`
`Illllllllllllll:22
`
`am:
`
`pueqqns
`
`|PR2018—1581
`
`HTC EX1004, Page 4
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 4
`
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 4 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`N CN
`
`A.
`2
`
`
`
`
`
`V
`CD
`XXX
`S
`s
`X
`l
`
`
`
`C)
`G
`
`N 5. :
`
`& X8.
`NS N
`
`
`
`
`
`A
`A S.
`2
`5
`CD
`O
`
`5. :
`
`
`
`
`
`N
`
`g ooo ooon countrf cocviv
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 5 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`E
`
`NYYYYYYYYNYNYNYNY
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYNYNYNYNYNYNYNYNYNYNYNYNY
`
`
`
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYYYYYYYYYYYYY
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYNYYYYYYYYYYYY
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYNYNYNYNNYNYNYNYNYNYNNY
`
`n
`
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYYYYYYYYYYYYY
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYYYYYYYYYYYYY
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`
`5. :
`NYNYYYYYYYYYYYY 5. :
`
`
`
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYYYYYYYYYYYYY
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`NYNNNNNNNNNNN
`XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
`
`NYYYYYYYYYYYYY 5.
`
`SSSSSSSSSSSSSS3
`NS XXXXXXXXXX
`try
`X XXXXXXXXXXX
`
`
`
`NYYYYYYYYYYYYY
`in
`O) on cd w c. cy
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`s
`
`s
`a
`d
`c)
`
`XXXX S&
`KXXXO
`&S CXXX
`CXXX S&S
`
`w
`
`2
`s
`L
`
`co
`cN
`
`A.
`
`2
`
`d
`CD
`E
`S
`l
`
`CD
`S
`
`&
`-
`CD
`A 9.
`C
`CO
`c)
`
`Z
`
`5
`
`CN
`
`2
`
`XXXX
`CXXXX
`
`XXXX S& KXXXX
`XXXX S& CXXC
`&S cyd
`XXXX
`CN
`KXXXX
`XXXX
`--
`2."
`
`y
`
`2
`ses co
`
`d
`w
`c
`cN
`
`coon did wit Ny
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 6 of 15
`
`009
`
`
`
`beu
`
`
`
`spueqqns le?o L°N
`
`9
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`
`
`*** TF FTITTET ETTT. DETTI DETTEDET
`
`b°N€Z|
`
`
`
`
`
`6d 9 "50|-||
`
`Z|-
`
`FIFTET FET z dno?º
`
`pueqqnS
`
`pueqqnS
`
`pueqqnS
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 7 Of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`1
`
`CXXXX X-P3
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`M NPs
`N
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`7
`
`8
`
`6
`5
`4.
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 7A
`
`9
`
`one
`
`Strip
`
`9
`
`O
`
`8
`
`7
`
`o. 6
`s
`9
`CD 5
`C
`s
`4.
`S
`c
`
`
`
`Of 3NNNN x
`N\ 1
`
`PLC 1
`732
`
`PLC 2
`
`
`
`PLC 3
`
`
`
`
`
`8
`
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 7B
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 8 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`
`
`P.
`6 NPS3
`5 N
`
`PLC 1
`752
`
`
`
`PLC 2
`--
`
`
`
`1N -- a-- a-- rs re-r
`
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 7C
`
`
`
`
`
`O
`t
`E
`92
`ca
`CO
`
`is
`O
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 9 Of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`Y
`
`7 1254-Mode 5
`423:4-Mode 4
`3 x: C x2x3xx
`&AXAXAX
`2
`
`O
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`A& s 9
`
`1
`
`
`
`6
`
`o. 5
`O d5 4
`2
`g 3
`
`(f) 2
`
`M. www v.
`
`...
`
`1O
`
`11
`
`12 000
`
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 9A
`
`Vertical
`ZigZag
`942
`
`O
`
`Horizontal
`ZigZag
`944
`
`Mode 5
`940
`
`CXXXXCXXC
`XXXXXXXX
`8XXXXXXX
`S& 2 S& 4 S&
`
`X8 : N : : C :
`
`8
`
`9
`
`1O
`
`Mode 4
`938
`
`
`
`4
`2
`---------
`3
`
`11
`
`12
`
`-----,
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 9B
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 10 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`Packet Interleaving across Code Blocks
`
`952
`1
`Packet 4 of all
`Packet 3 of all
`Packet 2 of all
`6 COdeBlocks
`6 Code Blocks
`6 COce BlockS
`---
`954b)
`954C
`
`Packet 1 of all
`6 COce Blocks
`
`
`
`
`
`B6
`P1
`
`B2 B4 B6
`P2
`P2
`P2
`
`B2 B4 B6
`P3
`P3
`P3
`
`B2
`P4
`
`B4
`P4
`
`B6
`P4
`
`B1
`P2
`
`B3 B5
`P2
`P2
`
`B1
`P3
`
`B3
`P3
`
`B5
`P3
`
`B1
`P4
`
`B3
`P4
`
`B5
`P4
`
`8
`
`9
`
`4.
`
`5
`7
`6
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 9C
`
`PLC
`962
`
`PLC 2
`964
`
`
`
`Hori
`orizontal
`Stacking
`
`B2
`P2
`
`E.
`
`P2
`2
`
`B2
`P3
`
`E.
`
`P3
`3
`
`B2
`P4
`
`E.
`
`P4
`4.
`
`7
`6
`5
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 9D
`
`Vertical
`Stacking
`
`PLC 1
`972
`
`
`
`4.
`3
`
`2 B2
`P1
`E.
`
`P1
`1
`
`
`
`4
`d5 3
`2
`
`2
`
`O
`
`of) 1EEEEEEEE
`
`P1
`2
`
`P2
`3
`
`P2
`4
`
`1
`
`P4
`8
`
`P4
`P3
`P3
`7
`6
`5
`Symbol Period
`FIG. 9E
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 11 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`1000
`
`ldentify active PLCs for
`the Current Super-frame
`
`PrOCeSS at least One data block
`for each active PLC to obtain at
`least One Code block for the PLC
`
`012
`
`1014
`
`1016
`
`Allocate each active PLC with a
`specific number of transmission
`units (or slots) based on its payload
`1018
`
`Assign specific transmission units
`in the Current Super-frame (e.g.,
`in a rectangular pattern or a zigzag
`segment) to each active PLC
`
`1020
`
`Partition each Code block into
`multiple subblocks, one subblock for
`each frame of the current super-frame
`1022
`Process (e.g., encode and modulate)
`the packets in each subblock to obtain
`modulation symbols for the subblock
`1024
`For each frame of the current super
`frame, multiplex the data symbols
`in the Subblock(s) to be sent in that
`frame for each active PLC onto the
`transmission units assigned to the PLC
`f026
`Form a composite symbol stream with
`the multiplexed data symbols for all active
`PLCs and overhead symbols for the PLCs
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG 10
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`wmm:mb
`
`
`
`F)
`
`\H\\s: \‘AHWF20:05mmmm
`
`m
`
`7SU
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`2B0fl
`
`m«V
`
`
`
`
`
`55:30.28882.”.wooSowm98598
`
`
`
`
`
`EoEmE5:92.50Ezcmcom
`
`n,2.GE
`
`|PR2018—1581
`
`HTC EX1004, Page 13
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 13
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`U.S. Patent
`
`May 22, 2007
`
`Sheet 13 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`3300329:3
`
`
`cow—4%-mszEwo
`"635$
`
`ZZZ!
`NW3
`
`Eccmco
`
`LofimEzmm
`59.0050;
`
`SHED
`
`uoEmo
`
`NH»
`
`’In]
`
`NFGE
`
`|PR2018—1581
`
`HTC EX1004, Page 14
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 14
`
`
`
`
`

`

`U
`
`_.------.m........_...............M...............SON:9:
`tmmmmmm82mm85mMTwu=mccmcomM83002.“.Sun5.mD...
`
`Sm”285$55Umm_.............................JmmM$62.90hotmmu”58805HSun
`
`1Emwzmmmmm,m2%mmmmM260quvammmaWmm0..
`.ommuunAhwmmmww.cn£263.5
`.n—S.9chmeuu"Emm:Sm"1323Ema
`
`5un"Emwzm9mmXF"A03ummEm>O
`
` .xzmi.mmmoXFm"0:96"nnu7uununWnunuu2m«382mmumnmn.2233:.296mmmmw.r.................n.................mmmmM3Fmmm20.5a:mmu”.owmmooi"F88.5mmmEmmzw
`
`2mmXPm3:9mm.
`
`2
`
`w2wt
`BI
`.X._.X22
`
`6.,u..............unmmn,mU2855280
`
`|PR2018—1581
`
`HTC EX1004, Page 15
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 15
`
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dday22,2007
`
`Sheet 15 of 15
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`m
`
`
`ommmm.55......................................V..........-......................
`
`Emmhm.32:m3:mm“:"nmLmhommouoi 550550m8:mmmmew:mm“: u-Lm~c_-.mu:_m5:55:3
`
`
`
`
`
`Euoocw5305
`
`._m>mm_
`
`52mm:
`
`Q53am“3$3:
`
`
`
`
`
`33305EmobmEoEmocaccm
`
`_m::_
`
`-55
`
`$39
`
`
`
`.oc:_
`
`hmuoocm
`
`-555
`
`52mm:
`
`Enoocm
`
`3GE
`
`mm
`
`
`
`I-IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
`
`-—-__---_---—-_- -u------J
`
`33
`
`|PR2018—1581
`
`HTC EX1004, Page 16
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 16
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`1.
`MULTIPLEXING AND TRANSMISSION OF
`MULTIPLE DATA STREAMS IN A WRELESS
`MULTI-CARRIER COMMUNICATION
`SYSTEM
`
`2
`There is therefore a need in the art for techniques to
`transmit multiple data streams in a multi-carrier system Such
`that they can be received by wireless devices, with minimal
`power consumption.
`
`This application claims the benefit of provisional U.S.
`Application Ser. No. 60/499,741, entitled “A Method for
`Multiplexing and Transmitting Multiple Multimedia
`Streams to Mobile Terminals over Terrestrial Radio Links.”
`filed Sep. 2, 2003, and provisional U.S. Application Ser. No.
`60/559,740, entitled “Multiplexing and Transmission of
`Multiple Data Streams in a Wireless Multi-Carrier Commu
`nication System,” filed Apr. 5, 2004.
`
`10
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`15
`
`SUMMARY
`
`Techniques for multiplexing and transmitting multiple
`data streams in a manner to facilitate power-efficient and
`robust reception of individual data streams by wireless
`devices are described herein. Each data stream is processed
`separately based on a coding and modulation scheme (e.g.,
`an outer code, an inner code, and a modulation scheme)
`selected for that stream to generate a corresponding data
`symbol stream. This allows the data streams to be individu
`ally recovered by the wireless devices. Each data stream is
`also allocated certain amount of resources for transmission
`of that stream. The allocated resources are given in “trans
`mission units’ on a time-frequency plane, where each trans
`mission unit corresponds to one Subband in one symbol
`period and may be used to transmit one data symbol. The
`data symbols for each data stream are mapped directly onto
`the transmission units allocated to the stream. This allows
`the wireless devices to recover each data stream indepen
`dently, without having to process the other data streams
`being transmitted simultaneously.
`In an embodiment, transmission of the multiple data
`streams occurs in “super-frames', with each Super-frame
`having predetermined time duration (e.g., on the order of a
`second or few seconds). Each super-frame is further divided
`into multiple (e.g., two, four, or some other number of)
`frames. For each data stream, each data block is processed
`(e.g., outer encoded) to generate a corresponding code
`block. Each code block is partitioned into multiple sub
`blocks, and each Subblock is further processed (e.g., inner
`encoded and modulated) to generate a corresponding Sub
`block of modulation symbols. Each code block is transmit
`ted in one super-frame, and the multiple subblocks for the
`code block are transmitted in the multiple frames of the
`Super-frame, one Subblock per frame. The partitioning of
`each code block into multiple subblocks, the transmission of
`these subblocks over multiple frames, and the use of block
`coding across the subblocks of the code block provide robust
`reception performance in slowly time-varying fading chan
`nels.
`Each data stream may be “allocated a variable number of
`transmission units in each Super-frame depending on the
`stream's payload in the super-frame, the availability of
`transmission units in the Super-frame, and possibly other
`factors. Each data stream is also “assigned specific trans
`mission units within each Super-frame using an assignment
`scheme that attempts to (1) pack the transmission units for
`all data streams as efficiently as possible, (2) reduce the
`transmission time for each data stream, (3) provide adequate
`time-diversity, and (4) minimize the amount of signaling to
`indicate the specific transmission units assigned to each data
`stream. Overhead signaling for various parameters of the
`data streams (e.g., the coding and modulation scheme used
`for each data stream, the specific transmission units assigned
`to each data stream, and so on) may be transmitted prior to
`each super-frame and may also be embedded within the data
`payload of each data stream. This allows a wireless device
`to determine the time-frequency location of each desired
`data stream in the upcoming Super-frame. The wireless
`device may power on only when the desired data stream is
`transmitted, using the embedded overhead signaling, and
`thereby minimize power consumption.
`
`I. Field
`The present invention relates generally to communication,
`and more specifically to techniques for multiplexing and
`transmitting multiple data streams in a wireless multi-carrier
`communication system.
`II. Background
`A multi-carrier communication system utilizes multiple
`carriers for data transmission. These multiple carriers may
`be provided by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
`(OFDM), some other multi-carrier modulation techniques,
`or some other construct. OFDM effectively partitions the
`overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal sub
`bands. These Subbands are also referred to as tones, carriers,
`subcarriers, bins, and frequency channels. With OFDM,
`each subband is associated with a respective subcarrier that
`may be modulated with data.
`A base station in a multi-carrier system may simulta
`neously transmit multiple data streams for broadcast, mul
`ticast, and/or unicast services. A data stream is a stream of
`data that may be of independent reception interest to a
`wireless device. A broadcast transmission is sent to all
`wireless devices within a designated coverage area, a mul
`ticast transmission is sent to a group of wireless devices, and
`a unicast transmission is sent to a specific wireless device.
`For example, a base station may broadcast a number of data
`streams for multimedia (e.g., television) programs via a
`terrestrial radio link for reception by wireless devices. This
`system may employ a conventional multiplexing and trans
`mission scheme Such as, for example, Digital Video Broad
`casting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) or Integrated Services Digital
`Broadcasting-Terrestrial (ISDB-T). Such a scheme would
`first multiplex all of the data streams to be transmitted onto
`a single high-rate composite stream and then process (e.g.,
`encode, modulate, and up-convert) the composite stream to
`generate a modulated signal for broadcast via the radio link.
`A wireless device within the coverage area of the base
`station may be interested in receiving only one or few
`specific data streams among the multiple data streams car
`ried by the composite stream. The wireless device would
`need to process (e.g., down-convert, demodulate, and
`decode) a received signal to obtain a high-rate decoded data
`stream and then demultiplex this stream to obtain the one or
`few specific data streams of interest. This type of processing
`may not be a problem for receiver units intended to be
`powered on all the time. Such as those used in homes.
`However, many wireless devices are portable and powered
`by internal batteries. Continuous demodulation and decod
`ing of the high-rate composite stream to recover just one or
`few data streams of interest consumes significant amounts of
`power. This can greatly shorten the “ON” time for the
`wireless devices, which is undesirable.
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 17
`
`

`

`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`3
`Various aspects and embodiments of the invention are
`described in further detail below.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The features and nature of the present invention will
`become more apparent from the detailed description set
`forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings in
`which like reference characters identify correspondingly
`throughout and wherein:
`FIG. 1 shows a wireless multi-carrier system;
`FIG. 2 shows an exemplary Super-frame structure;
`FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate transmission of one data block
`and multiple data blocks, respectively, on a physical layer
`channel (PLC) in a super-frame;
`FIG. 4 shows a frame structure in a time-frequency plane;
`FIG. 5A shows a burst-TDM (time division multiplex)
`scheme;
`FIG. 5B shows a cycled-TDM scheme:
`FIG. 5C shows a burst-TDM/FDM (frequency division
`multiplex) scheme:
`FIG. 6 shows an interlaced subband structure;
`FIG. 7A shows assignment of slots to PLCs in rectangular
`patterns;
`FIG. 7B shows assignment of slots to PLCs in “Zigzag
`Segments;
`FIG. 7C shows assignment of slots to two joint PLCs in
`rectangular patterns;
`FIG. 8 illustrates coding of a data block with an outer
`code;
`FIGS. 9A and 9B show assignment of slots for one data
`block using one Subband group and a maximum allowable
`number of Subband groups, respectively;
`FIG. 9C shows assignment of slots for six data blocks;
`FIGS. 9D and 9E show assignment of slots to two joint
`PLCs with rectangular patterns stacked horizontally and
`vertically, respectively;
`FIG. 10 shows a process for broadcasting multiple data
`Streams;
`FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a base station;
`FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a wireless device:
`FIG. 13 shows a block diagram of a transmit (TX) data
`processor, a channelizer, and an OFDM modulator at the
`base station; and
`FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a data stream processor
`for one data stream.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`40
`
`45
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`4
`the coverage area of the system. A wireless device may be
`fixed or mobile and may also be referred to as a user
`terminal, a mobile station, user equipment, or some other
`terminology. A wireless device may also be a portable unit
`Such as a cellular phone, a handheld device, a wireless
`module, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and so on.
`Each base station 110 may broadcast multiple data
`streams simultaneously to wireless devices within its cov
`erage area. These data streams may be for multimedia
`content Such as video, audio, tele-text, data, video/audio
`clips, and so on. For example, a single multimedia (e.g.,
`television) program may be sent in three separate data
`streams for video, audio, and data. A single multimedia
`program may also have multiple audio data streams, e.g., for
`different languages. For simplicity, each data stream is sent
`on a separate physical layer channel (PLC). There is thus a
`one-to-one relationship between data streams and PLCs. A
`PLC may also be called a data channel, a traffic channel, or
`Some other terminology.
`FIG. 2 shows an exemplary super-frame structure that
`may be used for broadcast system 100. Data transmission
`occurs in units of Super-frames 210. Each Super-frame has a
`predetermined time duration, which may be selected based
`on various factors such as, for example, the desired statis
`tical multiplexing for the data streams, the desired amount of
`time diversity, acquisition time for the data streams, buffer
`requirements for the wireless devices, and so on. A larger
`super-frame size provides more time diversity and better
`statistical multiplexing of the data streams being transmit
`ted, so that less buffering may be required for individual data
`streams at the base station. However, a larger Super-frame
`size also results in a longer acquisition time for a new data
`stream (e.g., at power-on or when Switching between data
`streams), requires larger buffers at the wireless devices, and
`also has longer decoding latency or delay. A Super-frame
`size of approximately one second may provide good tradeoff
`between the various factors described above. However,
`other Super-frame sizes (e.g., a quarter, a half, two, or four
`seconds) may also be used. Each Super-frame is further
`divided into multiple equal-sized frames 220. For the
`embodiment shown in FIG. 2, each super-frame is divided
`into four frames.
`The data stream for each PLC is encoded and modulated
`based on a coding and modulation scheme selected for that
`PLC. In general, a coding and modulation scheme comprises
`all of the different types of encoding and modulation to be
`performed on a data stream. For example, a coding and
`modulation scheme may comprise a particular coding
`scheme and a particular modulation scheme. The coding
`scheme may comprise error detection coding (e.g., a cyclic
`redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction coding,
`and so on, or a combination thereof. The coding scheme may
`also indicate a particular code rate of a base code. In an
`embodiment that is described below, the data stream for each
`PLC is encoded with a concatenated code comprised of an
`outer coder and an inner code and is further modulated based
`on a modulation scheme. As used herein, a “mode” refers to
`a combination of an inner code rate and a modulation
`scheme.
`FIG. 3A illustrates the transmission of a data block on a
`PLC in a super-frame. The data stream to be sent on the PLC
`is processed in data blocks. Each data block contains a
`particular number of information bits and is first encoded
`using an outer code to obtain a corresponding code block.
`Each code block is partitioned into four subblocks, and the
`bits in each Subblock are further encoded using an inner code
`and then mapped to modulation symbols, based on the mode
`
`50
`
`The word “exemplary' is used herein to mean “serving as
`an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment or
`design described herein as “exemplary' is not necessarily to
`be construed as preferred or advantageous over other
`embodiments or designs.
`The multiplexing and transmission techniques described
`55
`herein may be used for various wireless multi-carrier com
`munication systems. These techniques may also be used for
`broadcast, multicast, and unicast services. For clarity, these
`techniques are described for an exemplary multi-carrier
`broadcast system.
`FIG. 1 shows a wireless multi-carrier broadcast system
`100. System 100 includes a number of base stations 110 that
`are distributed throughout the system. A base station is
`generally a fixed station and may also be referred to as an
`access point, a transmitter, or Some other terminology.
`Neighboring base stations may broadcast the same or dif
`ferent content. Wireless devices 120 are located throughout
`
`60
`
`65
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 18
`
`

`

`5
`selected for the PLC. The four subblocks of modulation
`symbols are then transmitted in the four frames of one
`Super-frame, one Subblock per frame. The transmission of
`each code block over four frames provides time diversity
`and robust reception performance in a slowly time-varying
`fading channel.
`FIG. 3B illustrates the transmission of multiple (N) data
`blocks on a PLC in a super-frame. Each of the N data
`blocks is encoded separately using the outer code to obtain
`a corresponding code block. Each code block is further
`partitioned into four subblocks, which are inner encoded and
`modulated based on the mode selected for the PLC and then
`transmitted in the four frames of one super-frame. For each
`frame, N subblocks for the N code blocks are transmitted
`in a portion of the frame that has been allocated to the PLC.
`Each data block may be encoded and modulated in
`various manners. An exemplary concatenated coding
`scheme is described below. To simplify the allocation and
`assignment of resources to the PLCs, each code block may
`be divided into four equal-sized subblocks that are then
`transmitted in the same portion or location of the four frames
`in one Super-frame. In this case, the allocation of a Super
`frame to the PLCs is equivalent to the allocation of a frame
`to the PLCs. Hence, resources can be allocated to the PLCs
`once every Super-frame.
`Each PLC may be transmitted in a continuous or non
`continuous manner, depending on the nature of the data
`stream being carried by that PLC. Thus, a PLC may or may
`not be transmitted in any given Super-frame. For each
`Super-frame, an “active PLC is a PLC that is being trans
`mitted in that super-frame. Each active PLC may carry one
`or multiple data blocks in the super-frame.
`Referring back to FIG. 2, each super-frame 210 is pre
`ceded by a pilot and overhead section 230. In an embodi
`ment, section 230 includes (1) one or more pilot OFDM
`symbols used by the wireless devices for frame synchroni
`Zation, frequency acquisition, timing acquisition, channel
`estimation, and so on, and (2) one or more overhead OFDM
`40
`symbols used to carry overhead signaling information for
`the associated (e.g., immediately following) Super-frame.
`The overhead information indicates, for example, the spe
`cific PLCs being transmitted in the associated Super-frame,
`the specific portion of the Super-frame used to send the data
`block(s) for each PLC, the outer code rate and mode used for
`each PLC, and so on. The overhead OFDM symbol(s)
`carries overhead signaling for all PLCs sent in the Super
`frame. The transmission of the pilot and overhead informa
`tion in a time division multiplexed (TDM) manner allows
`50
`the wireless devices to process this section with minimal ON
`time. In addition, overhead information pertaining to each
`PLC’s transmission in the next super-frame may be embed
`ded in one of the PLC’s transmitted data blocks in the
`current super-frame. The embedded overhead information
`allows the wireless device to recover the PLC’s transmission
`in the next Super-frame without having to check the over
`head OFDM symbol(s) sent in that super-frame. Thus, the
`wireless devices may initially use the overhead OFDM
`symbols to determine the time-frequency location of each
`60
`desired data stream, and may subsequently power on only
`during the time that the desired data stream is transmitted
`using the embedded overhead signaling. These signaling
`techniques may provide significant savings in power con
`Sumption and allow the wireless devices to receive content
`using standard batteries. Since the outer code rate and mode
`used for each PLC typically do not vary on a super-frame
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`55
`
`65
`
`US 7,221,680 B2
`
`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`6
`basis, the outer code rate and mode may be sent on a separate
`control channel and do need not be sent in every Super
`frame.
`FIG. 2 shows a specific Super-frame structure. In general,
`a Super-frame may be defined to be of any time duration and
`may be divided into any number of frames. Pilot and
`overhead information may also be sent in other manners
`different from the manner shown in FIG. 2. For example,
`overhead information may be sent on dedicated subbands
`using frequency division multiplexing (FDM).
`FIG. 4 shows the structure of one frame on a time
`frequency plane. The horizontal axis represents time, and the
`vertical axis represents frequency. Each frame has a prede
`termined time duration, which is given in units of OFDM
`symbol periods (or simply, symbol periods). Each OFDM
`symbol period is the time duration to transmit one OFDM
`symbol (described below). The specific number of symbol
`periods per frame (N) is determined by the frame duration
`and the symbol period duration, which in turn is determined
`by various parameters such as the overall system bandwidth,
`the total number of subbands (N), and the cyclic prefix
`length (described below). In an embodiment, each frame has
`a duration of 297 symbol periods (or N-297). Each frame
`also covers the N, total Subbands, which are given indices
`of 1 through N.
`With OFDM, one modulation symbol may be sent on each
`Subband in each symbol period, i.e., each transmission unit.
`Of the N, total Subbands, N, Subbands may be used for
`data transmission and are referred to as “data Subbands,
`N subbands may be used for pilot and are referred to as
`“pilot Subbands, and the remaining N, Subbands may be
`used as "guard” Subbands (i.e., no data or pilot transmis
`sion), where N. Na+N+N. The number of “usable”
`Subbands is equal to the number of data and pilot Subbands,
`or N. Na+N. In an embodiment, broadcast system
`100 utilizes an OFDM structure having 4096 total subbands
`(N=4096), 3500 data subbands (N=3500), 500 pilot
`subbands (N=500), and 96 guard subbands (N=96).
`Other OFDM structures with different number of data, pilot,
`usable, and total subbands may also be used. In each OFDM
`symbol period, N, data symbols may be sent on the N.
`data Subbands, N, pilot symbols may be sent on the N.,
`pilot Subbands, and N, guard symbols are sent on the N.,
`guard Subbands. As used herein, a "data symbol is a
`modulation symbol for data, a “pilot symbol is a modula
`tion symbol for pilot, and a 'guard symbol is a signal value
`of Zero. The pilot symbols are known a priori by the wireless
`devices. The N, data symbols in each OFDM symbol may
`be for one or multiple PLCs.
`In general, any number of PLCs may be transmitted in
`each Super-frame. For a given Super-frame, each active PLC
`may carry one or multiple data blocks. In one embodiment,
`a specific mode and a specific outer code rate is used for each
`active PLC, and all data blocks for the PLC are encoded and
`modulated in accordance with this outer code rate and mode
`to generate corresponding code blocks and Subblocks of
`modulation symbols, respectively. In another embodiment,
`each data block may be encoded and modulated in accor
`dance with a specific outer code rate and mode to generate
`a corresponding code block and Subblocks of modulation
`symbols, respectively. In any case, each code block contains
`a specific number of data symbols, which is determined by
`the mode used for that code block.
`Each active PLC in a given super-frame is allocated a
`specific amount of resources to transmit that PLC in the
`Super-frame. The amount of resources allocated to each
`active PLC is dependent on (1) the number of code blocks
`
`IPR2018-1581
`HTC EX1004, Page 19
`
`

`

`7
`to be sent on the PLC in the super-frame, (2) the number of
`data symbols in each code block, and (3) the number of code
`blocks, along with the number of data symbols per code
`block, to be sent on other PLCs. Resources may be allocated
`in various manners. Two exemplary allocation schemes are
`described below.
`FIG. 5A shows a burst-TDM allocation scheme. For this
`scheme, each active PLC is allocated all N, data Subbands
`in one or more OFDM symbol periods. For the example
`shown in FIG. 5A, PLC 1 is allocated all data Subbands in
`symbol periods 1 through 3, PLC 2 is allocated all data
`subbands in symbol periods 4 and 5, and PLC 3 is allocated
`all data subbands in symbol periods 6 through 9. For this
`scheme, each OFDM symbol contains data symbols for only
`one PLC. The bursts of OFDM symbols for different PLCs
`are time division multiplexed within a frame.
`If consecutive OFDM symbols are assigned to each active
`PLC, then the burst-TDM can minimize the transmission
`time for the PLCs. However, the short transmission time for
`each PLC also results in less time diversity. Since an entire
`OFDM symbol is allocated to one PLC, the granularity of
`the resource allocation (i.e., the Smallest unit that may be
`allocated to a PLC) for each frame is one OFDM symbol.
`The number of information bits t

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket