oy 532Rec'd PCTIPT:19apron,a,
`
`
`
`FORMPTO-1390
`US$ DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`(REV 10-01-00)
`-
`
`
`
`
`TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO THE UNITED STATES
`CONCERNINGA FILING UNDER 35 U.S.C. 371
`DESIGNATED/ELECTED OFFICE (DO/EO/US)
`
`
`
`:
`
`FR 1.5)
`
`ATTORNEY'S DOCKET NUMBER
`
`cn
`
`-
`
`41001
`
`US. APPLICATION Ni
`
`09/6 73270
`
`INTERNATIONAL FILING DATE
`14 April 1998
`
`PRIORITY DATE CLAIMED
`
`INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION NO.
`PCT/EP98/02184
`TITLE OF INVENTION
`Method and Apparatus for Fine Frequency Synchronization in Multi-Carrier Demodulation Systems
`APPLICANT(S) FOR DO/EO/US
`Ernst Eberlein, Sabah Badri, Stefan Lipp, Stephan Buchholz, Albert Heuberger, Heinz Gerhaeuser
`Applicant herewith submits to the United States Designated/Elected Office (DO/EO/US) the following items and other information:
`1. This is a FIRST submissionofitems concerningafiling under 35 U.S.C. 371.
`
`2. CT] This is a SECOND or SUBSEQUENTsubmission ofitems concerningafiling under 35 U.S.C. 371.
`3. Cl This express request to begin national examination procedures (35 U.S.C. 371(f)) at any time rather than delay
`examination until the expiration of the applicable timelimit set in 35 U.S.C. 371(b) and PCTArticles 22 and 39(1).
`3. RIS
`A proper Demandfor International Preliminary Examination was made by the 19th month from theearliest claimed priority date.
`4.
`A copy ofthe International Application as filed (35 U.S.C. 371(c)@))
`a.
`is transmitted herewith (required only if not transmitted by the International Bureau).
`b.
`has been transmitted by the International Bureau.
`c. CI is not required, as the application wasfiled in the United States Receiving Office (RO/US).
`C] A translation ofthe International Application into English (35 U.S.C. 371(c)(2)).
`Amendmentsto the claims ofthe International Application under PCT Article 19 (35 U.S.C. 371(c)(3))
`. Cc are transmitted herewith (required only ifnot transmitted by the International Bureau).
`have been transmitted by the International Bureau.
`. CO have not been made; however, the time limit for making such amendments has NOTexpired.
`.
`have not been madeand will not be made.
`8. Oo A translation ofthe amendmentsto the claims under PCTArticle 19 (35 U.S.C. 371(c)G)).
`.
`:1 9.) Anoath ordeclaration ofthe inventor(s) (35 U.S.C. 371()(4)).
`10. Cc A translation ofthe annexesto the Intemational Preliminary Examination Report under PCT Article 36
`(35 U.S.C. 371(c)(5)).
`
` oo
`
`Q
`
` Items 11. to 16. below concern document(s) or information included:
`
`11. CO An Information Disclosure Statement under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98.
`
`12. TC] An assignment documentfor recording. A separate cover sheet in compliance with 37 CFR 3.28 and 3.31 is included.
`
`ot3.
`
`A FIRSTpreliminary amendment.
`CO A SECOND or SUBSEQUENTpreliminary amendment.
`
`— 1
`
`4,
`
`A substitute specification.
`
`5. ‘- A change ofpowerofattorney and/or addressletter.
`
`16.
`
`Otheritems or information:
`
`(a) Copy of Internationa! Application as filed (14 April 1998).
`(b) Copy of International Search Report (12 January 1999).
`(c) Copy of Published Internationa! Application (21 October 1999).
`(d) Copyof International Preliminary Examination Report (19 July 2000).
`
`page 1 of2
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 1
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 1
`
`

`

`. = ba
`0 Dar’d P
`ena c
`PCT/EP98/02184
`
`Se
`
`ae
`u Zl
`PiU
`ATTORNEY'S DOCKET NUMBER
`41001
`CALCULATIONS
`
`:
`INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION NO
`
`|
`
`a
`ae
`US. APPLICATION NO (ifknown, see 37 CFR 1 5)
`(\
`nO
`The following fees are submitted:
`17.
`BASIC NATIONAL FEE (37 CFR 1.492 (a) (1) - (5)):
`Neither international preliminary examination fee (37 CFR 1.482)
`nor international search fee (37 CFR 1.445(a)(2)) paid to USPTO
`and International Search Report not prepared by the EPO or JPO**--°*- °° $1000.00
`International preliminary examination fee (37 CFR 1.482)not paid to
`USPTO but International Search Report prepared by the EPO or JPO-..---- $860.00
`International preliminary examination fee (37 CFR 1.482) not paid to USPTO but
`international search fee (37 CFR 1.445(a)(2)) paid to USPTO... ss ee $710.00
`International preliminary examination fee paid to USPTO (37 CFR 1.482)
`butall claims did not satisfy provisions of PCT Article 33(1)-(4)....-...--- $690.00
`International preliminary examination fee paid to USPTO (37 CFR 1.482)
`and all claims satisfied provisions of PCT Article 33(1)-(4) .........-....-.$100.00
`ENTER APPROPRIATE BASIC FEE AMOUNT
`
`
`
`po
`Surchargeof$130.00 for furnishingthe oath ordeclaration laterthanCc] 20
`months from the earliest claimed priority date (37 CFR 1.492(e)).
`[_cLAIMS|NUMBERFILED_[_sNUMBEREXTRA|RATE,SJ
`16
`-20=] oC 818.00
`o.oof
`
`
`findependentcaims}43=|CX88000 |S go.0cof
`MULTIPLE DEPENDENT CLAIM(S)(if applicable)
`$
`0.00, =—itsis*”
`$___1,070.00f
`$
`(0.00)
`$__1,070.00f
`
`Jrocessing fee of$130.00 for furnishing the English translation later than [J20 Cc] 30I§ 0.00
`
`
`"jnonths from theearliest claimed priority date (37 CFR 1.492(4).
`+
`E
`TOTALNATIONALFEE =|
`3
`1.070.007
`
`
`Fee for recording the enclosed assignment (37 CFR 1.21(h)). The assignment must be
`$
`0.00
`companied by an appropriate cover sheet (37 CFR 3.28, 3.31). $40.00 per property
`en
`
`-Reduction of1/2 for filing by small entity,ifapplicable. A Small Entity Statement
`“piustalso by filed (Note 37 CFR 1.9, 1.27, 1.28),
`
`|charged:[S$
`
`a. 5a A check in the amount of $1,070.00 to cover the abovefees is enclosed.
`
`b. L Please charge my Deposit Account No. —________. in the amount of $________ to coverthe above fees.
`A duplicate copy ofthis sheet is enclosed.
`
`
`The Commissioneris hereby authorized to charge any additional fees which may be required,or credit any
`c.
`overpayment to Deposit Account No. 182220. A duplicate copy ofthis sheet is enclosed.
`
`
`
`
`SENDALLCORRESPONDENCETO:
`fleCL-£9tLor
`
`
`
`
`
`NOTE: Where an appropriate time limit under 37 CFR 1.494 or 1.495 has not been met, a petition to revive (37 CFR
`1.137(a) or (b)) must be filed and granted to restore the application to pending status.
`
`Roylance, Abrams, Berdo & Goodman, L.L.P.
`1300 19th Street, N.W., Suite 600
`Washington, DC 20036
`
`SIGNATURE:
`John E. Holmes
`NAME
`29,392
`REGISTRATION NUMBER
`
`Form PTO-1390 (REV 10-01-00) page 2 of 2
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 2
`~N
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 2
`
`

`

`41001
`
`09/673270
`s99Rec'd PCTIPIC 13 OCT2000
`
`PATENT
`
`
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`In re Applicationof:
`Ernst Eberlein etal.
`
`Serial No.: Not Assigned
`
`Filed: Herewith
`
`:
`
`Group Art Unit:
`
`Examiner:
`
`For: Method and Apparatus for Fine Frequency
`Synchronization in Multi-Carrier Demodulation
`Systems
`
`PRELIMINARY AMENDMENT
`
`Assistant Commissioner for Patents
`Washington, D.C. 20231
`
`Sit:
`
`This Preliminary Amendmentis being filed concurrently with the U.S. national
`stage entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/EP98/02184,
`which has an International Filing Date of April 14, 1998. Prior to examination and
`calculation of thefiling fees, please amendthenationalstage application as follows:
`
`IN THE SPECIFICATION:
`Please delete the current specification comprising pages 1-40 and 48 (as amended in
`the International Preliminary Examination Report dated July 19, 2000) andreplace it with
`the accompanying substitute specification.
`
`IN THE CLAIMS:
`
`Please cancel claims 1-18 annexed to the International Preliminary Examination
`Report dated July 19, 2000, and substitute the following new claims 19-34:
`
`19.
`
`A method of performing a fine frequency synchronization compensating for a
`carrier
`frequency deviation from an oscillator
`frequency in a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of the type capable of carrying out a differential phase
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 3
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 3
`
`

`

`decoding of multi-carrier modulated signals, said signals comprising a plurality of
`symbols, each symbol being defined by phase differences between simultaneous
`carriers having different frequencies, said method comprising the stepsof:
`
`a)
`
`b)
`
`determining a phase difference between phases of the same carrier in
`different symbols;
`
`determining a frequency offset by eliminating phase shift uncertainties
`related to the transmitted information from said phase difference making use
`
`of a M-PSKdecision device; and
`
`c)
`
`performing a feedback correction of said carrier frequency deviation based
`on said determined frequencyoffset.
`
` carriers having different frequencies, said method comprising the stepsof:
`
`20.
`
`A method of performing a fine frequency synchronization compensating for a
`carrier
`frequency deviation from an oscillator
`frequency in a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of the type capable of carrying out a differential phase
`decoding of multi-carrier modulated signals, said signals comprising a plurality of
`symbols, each symbol being defined by phase differences between simultaneous
`
`a)
`
`b)
`
`c)
`
`d)
`
`determining respective phase of the samecarrier in different symbols;
`
`eliminating phase shift uncertainties related to the transmitted information
`from said phases to determine respective phase deviations making use of a M-
`PSK decision device;
`
`determining a frequency offset by determining a phase difference between
`said phase deviations; and
`
`performing a feedback correction of said carrier frequency deviation based
`on said determined frequency offset.
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 4
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 4
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`
`
`21.
`
`The methodaccordingto claim 19, wherein
`
`said steps a) and b) are performed fora plurality of carriers in said symbols,
`
`an averaged frequency offset is determined by averaging said determined frequency
`offsets of said plurality of carriers, and
`
`said feedback correction of said frequency deviation is performed based on said
`averaged frequency offset in said step c).
`
`22.
`
`The method according to claim 20, wherein
`
`said steps a), b) and c) are performedfor a plurality of carriers in said symbols,
`
`an averaged frequencyoffset is determined by averaging said determined frequency
`offsets of said plurality of carriers, and
`
`said feedback correction of said frequency deviation is performed based on said
`
`averaged frequencyoffset.
`
`The method according to claim 19, wherein said step a) comprises the step of
`determining a phase difference between phases of the samecarrier in symbols which
`are adjacentin the time axis direction.
`
`The method according to claim 19, wherein said step b) comprises the step of
`eliminating phase shift uncertainties corresponding to M-ary phase shifts.
`
`The method according to claim 20, wherein said step a) comprises the step of
`determining respective phases of the same carrier in symbols which are adjacent in
`
`the time axis direction.
`
`23.
`
`24.
`
`25.
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 5
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 5
`
`

`

`26.
`
`27.
`
`The method according to claim 20, wherein said step b) comprises the step of
`eliminating M-ary phaseshifts.
`
`An apparatus for performing a fine frequency synchronization compensating for a
`carrier frequency deviation from an oscillator frequency,
`for a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of the type capable of carrying out a differential phase
`decoding of multi-carrier modulated signals, said signals comprising a plurality of
`symbols, each symbol being defined by phase differences between simultaneous
`carriers having different frequencies, said apparatus comprising:
`
`
` 28.
`
`means for determining a phase difference between phases of the samecarrier in
`different symbols;
`
`M-PSK decision device for determining a frequency offset by eliminating phase shift
`uncertainties related to the transmitted information from said phase difference; and
`
`means for performing a feedback correction of said frequency deviation based on
`said determined frequency offset.
`
`An apparatus for performing a fine frequency synchronization compensating for a
`carrier frequency deviation from an oscillator frequency,
`for a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of the type capable of carrying out a differential phase
`decoding of multi-carrier modulated signals, said signals comprising a plurality of
`symbols, each symbol being defined by phase differences between simultaneous
`carriers having different frequencies, said apparatus comprising:
`
`meansfor determining respective phases of the same carrier in different symbols;
`
`M-PSK. decision device for eliminating phase shift uncertainties related to the
`transmitted information from said phases to determine respective phase deviations;
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 6
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 6
`
`

`

`means for determining a frequency offset by determining a phase difference
`between said phase deviations;
`
`means for performing a feedback correction of said frequency deviation based on
`said determined frequencyoffset.
`
`29.
`
`The apparatus accordingto claim 27, further comprising:
`
`
`
`means for determining an averaged frequency offset by averaging determined
`frequency offsets of a plurality of carriers, wherein
`
`said means for performing a feedback correction performssaid feedback correction
`of said frequency deviation based on said averaged frequencyoffset.
`
`30.
`
`The apparatus according to claim 28, further comprising:
`
`means for determining an averaged frequency offset by averaging determined
`frequency offsets of a plurality of carriers, wherein
`
`said meansfor performing a feedback correction performs said feedback correction
`of said frequency deviation based onsaid averaged frequency offset.
`
`31.
`
`32.
`
`The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said means for determining a phase
`difference comprises means for determining a phase difference between phases of
`the samecarrier in symbols whichare adjacent in the time axis direction.
`
`The apparatus accordingto claim 28, wherein said means for determining respective
`phases comprises means for determining respective phases of the same carrier in
`symbols which are adjacent in the timeaxis direction.
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 7
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 7
`
`

`

`33.
`
`34,
`
`The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein said meansfor performinga feedback
`correction of said frequency deviation comprises a numerical controlled oscillator
`and a complex multiplier.
`
`The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said means for performing a feedback
`correction ofsaid frequency deviation further comprises a low pathfilter preceding
`said numerical controlled oscillator.
`
`REMARKS
`By the present Preliminary Amendment,claims 1-18 annexedto the International
`Preliminary Examination Report dated July 19, 2000 are being cancelled and replaced with
`new claims 19-34. In the new claims, multiple dependencies and parenthetical reference
`numerals have been eliminated.
`A substitute specification is being submitted to facilitate processing of this application.
`A marked-up copy of the substitute specification is also being provided to show the new
`changes which are beyondthose previously made during the international stage. The
`substitute specification contains no new matter.
`Early and favorable action onthis application is respectfully requested. Should the
`Examiner have any questions, the Examineris invited to contact the undersigned attorney at
`the local telephone numberlisted below.
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`\|b EMabeoes
`
`John E. Holmes
`Attorney for Applicant
`Reg. No. 29,392
`
`Roylance, Abrams, Berdo & Goodman
`1300 19Street, N.W., Suite 600
`Washington, D.C. 20036-2680
`(202) 659-9076
`Dated: Ore. (~
`
`2000
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 8
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 8
`
`

`

`oO
`|
`
`09/673270
`3PRO 509Rec'dPCT/PTO 13 OCT2000
`
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FINE FREQUENCY SYNCHRONIZATION IN
`aaanena
`MULTI-CARRIER DEMODULATION SYSTEMS
`
`~
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`invention relates to methods and apparatus for
`The present
`performing a fine frequency synchronization in multi-carrier
`demodulation systems,
`and
`in particular
`to methods
`and
`apparatus for performing a fine frequency synchronization
`compensating for
`a carrier
`frequency deviation from an
`oscillator frequency in a multi-carrier demodulation system
`of
`the type capable of carrying out a differential phase
`decoding of multi-carrier modulated signals, wherein the
`signals comprise a plurality of symbols, each symbol being
`defined by phase differences between simultaneous carriers
`having different frequencies.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
` effect of a carrier frequency offset is substantially more
`
`In a multi carrier transmission system (MCM, OFDM),
`
`the
`
`considerable than in a single carrier transmission system.
`MCM is more sensitive to phase noise and frequency offset
`which occurs
`as
`amplitude distortion and
`inter carrier
`interference (ICI). The inter carrier interference has the
`effect
`that
`the subcarriers are no
`longer orthogonal
`in
`relation to each other. Frequency offsets occur after power
`on or
`also later
`due
`to frequency deviation of
`the
`oscillators used for downconversion into baseband. Typical
`accuracies for the frequency of a free running oscillator
`are about +50 ppm of the carrier frequency. With a carrier
`frequency in the S-band of 2.34 Ghz, for example,
`there will
`be a maximum local oscillator
`(LO)
`frequency deviation of
`above 100 kHz
`(117.25 kHz). The above named effects result
`in high requirements on the algorithm used for
`frequency
`offset correction.
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 9
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 9
`
`

`

`
`
`DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
`
`frequency synchronization
`for
`Most prior art algorithms
`divide frequency correction into two stages.
`In the first
`stage,
`a coarse synchronization is performed.
`In the second
`stage, a fine correction can be achieved. A frequently used
`algorithm for coarse synchronization of the carrier frequen-
`cy uses a synchronization symbol which has a special spec-
`tral pattern in the frequency domain. Such a synchronization
`symbol
`is,
`for example, a CAZAC sequence (CAZAC = Constant
`Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation). Through comparison,
`i.e.
`the correlation,
`of
`the power
`spectrum of
`the received
`signal with that of
`the transmitted signal,
`the frequency
`carrier offset can be coarsely estimated. These prior art
`algorithms all work in the frequency domain. Reference is
`
`to Ferdinand ClaBen, Heinrich Meyr,
`example,
`for
`made,
`"Synchronization Algorithms for an OFDM System for Mobile
`Communication",
`ITG-Fachtagung 130, Codierung ftir Quelle,
`Kanal und Ubhertragung, pp. 105 - 113, Oct. 26-28, 1994; and
`Timothy M.
`Schmidl, Donald Cc. Cox,
`"“Low-Overhead,
`Low-
`Complexity [Burst] Synchronization for OFDM",
`in Proceedings
`of
`the IEEE International Conference on Communication ICcc
`
`1996, pp. 1301-1306 (1996).
`
`the carrier frequency,
`the coarse synchronization of
`For
`Paul H. Moose,
`"A Technique
`for Orthogonal Frequency
`Division Multiplexing Frequency Offset Correction",
`IEEE
`Transaction On Communications, Vol.
`42, No.
`10, October
`1994, suggest increasing the spacing between the subcarriers
`such that
`the
`subcarrier distance
`is greater
`than the
`maximum frequency difference between the received and trans-—
`mitted carriers. The subcarrier distance is increased by
`reducing the number of sample values which are transformed
`by
`the Fast Fourier Transform. This
`corresponds
`to a
`reduction of the number of sampling values which are trans-
`formed by the Fast Fourier Transform.
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 10
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 10
`
`

`

`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`invention to provide methods
`It is an object of the present
`and apparatus
`for performing a
`fine frequency synchroni-
`zation which allow a fine frequency synchronization compen-—
`sating for a carrier frequency deviation from an oscillator
`frequency in a MCM transmission system which makes use of
`MCM signals
`in which information is differential phase
`encoded between simultaneous sub-carriers having different
`
`frequencies.
`
` steps of:
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with a first aspect,
`provides a method of performing a fine frequency synchro-
`nization compensating for a carrier frequency deviation from
`an oscillator
`frequency in a multi-carrier demodulation
`system of
`the type capable of carrying out a differential
`phase decoding of multi-carrier modulated
`signals,
`the
`signals comprising a plurality of symbols, each symbol being
`defined by phase differences between simultaneous carriers
`having different
`frequencies,
`the method comprising the
`
`determining a phase difference between phases of
`carrier in different symbols;
`
`the same
`
`determining a frequency offset by eliminating phase shift
`uncertainties corresponding to codeable phase shifts from
`the phase difference; and
`
`the carrier frequency
`performing a feedback correction of
`deviation based on the determined frequency offset.
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with a second aspect,
`provides a method of performing a fine frequency synchro-
`nization compensating for a carrier frequency deviation from
`an oscillator
`frequency in a multi-carrier demodulation
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 11
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 11
`
`

`

`the type capable of carrying out a differential
`system of
`phase decoding of multi-carrier modulated signals,
`the
`signals comprising a plurality of symbols, each symbol being
`defined by phase differences between simultaneous carriers
`having different
`frequencies,
`the method
`comprising the
`
`steps of:
`
`determining
`
`respective
`
`phases
`
`of
`
`the
`
`same carrier
`
`in
`
`adifferent symbois;
`
`corresponding to
`shift uncertainties
`eliminating phase
`codeable
`phase
`shifts
`from the
`phases
`to
`determine
`respective phase deviations;
`
`determining a
`
`frequency offset
`
`by determining a phase
`
`difference between the phase deviations; and
`
` nization compensating for a carrier frequency deviation from
`
`performing a feedback correction of said carrier frequency
`deviation based on the determined frequency offset.
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with a third aspect,
`provides a method of performing a fine frequency synchro-
`
`frequency in a multi-carrier demodulation
`an oscillator
`system of
`the type capable of carrying out a differential
`phase decoding of multi-carrier modulated
`signals,
`the
`signals comprising a plurality of symbols, each symbol being
`defined by phase differences between simultaneous carriers
`having different
`frequencies,
`the method comprising the
`
`steps of:
`
`for a plurality of carriers in the symbols:
`
`determining a phase difference between phases of the same
`
`carrier in different symbols; and
`
`determining a frequency offset by eliminating phase shift
`uncertainties corresponding to codeable phase shifts from
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 12
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 12
`
`

`

`
`
`
`the phase difference;
`
`determining and averaged frequency offset by averaging the
`determined frequency offset of
`the plurality of carriers;
`and
`
`performing a feedback correction of the frequency deviation
`based on the averaged frequency offset.
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with a fourth aspect,
`provides a method of performing a
`fine frequency synchro-
`nization compensating for a carrier frequency deviation from
`an oscillator
`frequency in a multi-carrier demodulation
`system of the type capable of carrying out a differential
`phase decoding of multi-carrier modulated
`signals,
`the
`signals comprising a plurality of symbols, each symbol being
`defined by phase differences between simultaneous carriers
`having different
`frequencies,
`the method comprising the
`steps of:
`
`for a plurality of carriers in the symbols:
`
`determining respective phases of
`aifferent symbols;
`
`the
`
`same carrier
`
`in
`
`eliminating phase shift uncertainties corresponding to
`codeable phase
`shifts
`from said phases
`to determine
`respective phase deviations; and
`
`by determining a phase
`frequency offset
`determining a
`difference between the phase deviations;
`
`determining an averaged frequency offset by averaging the
`determined frequency offsets of
`the plurality of carriers;
`and
`
`performing a feedback correction of the frequency deviation
`based on the averaged frequency offset.
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 13
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 13
`
`

`

`
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with a fifth aspect,
`provides
`an
`apparatus
`for performing a
`fine frequency
`synchronization
`compensating
`for
`a
`carrier
`frequency
`deviation from an oscillator frequency,
`for a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of
`the type capable of carrying out a
`a@ifferential
`phase
`decoding
`of multi-carrier modulated
`signals,
`the signals comprising a plurality of symbols, each
`symbol
`being
`defined
`by
`phase
`differences
`between
`simultaneous carriers
`having different
`frequencies,
`the
`
`apparatus comprising:
`
`means for determining a phase difference between phases of
`the same carrier in different symbols;
`
`frequency offset by eliminating
`for determining a
`means
`phase shift uncertainties corresponding to codeable phase
`shifts from the phase difference; and
`
`means for performing a feedback correction of the frequency
`deviation based on the determined frequency offset.
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with a sixth aspect,
`provides
`an
`apparatus
`for performing a
`fine frequency
`synchronization
`compensating
`for
`a
`carrier
`frequency
`deviation from an oscillator frequency,
`for a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of
`the type capable of carrying out a
`differential
`phase
`decoding
`of multi-carrier modulated
`signals,
`said signals comprising a plurality of
`symbols,
`each symbol being defined by phase differences between
`simultaneous carriers having different
`frequencies,
`the
`
`apparatus comprising:
`
`means for determining respective phases of the same carrier
`
`in different symbols;
`
`uncertainties
`shift
`phase
`eliminating
`for
`means
`corresponding to codeable phase shifts from the phases to
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 14
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 14
`
`

`

`determine respective phase deviations;
`
`for determining a frequency offset by determining a
`means
`phase difference between the phase deviations; and
`
`means for performing a feedback correction of the frequency
`deviation based on the determined frequency offset.
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with a seventh aspect,
`provides
`an
`apparatus
`for performing a
`fine frequency
`synchronization
`compensating
`for
`a
`carrier
`frequency
`deviation from an oscillator frequency,
`for a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of the type capable of carrying out a
`a@ifferential
`phase
`decoding
`of multi-carrier modulated
`the signals comprising a plurality of symbols, each
`symbol being defined by phase differences between simulta-
`neous carriers having different frequencies,
`the apparatus
`comprising:
`
` signals,
`
` means
`
`means for determining a phase difference between phases of
`the same carrier in different symbols;
`
`frequency offset by eliminating
`for determining a
`phase shift uncertainties corresponding to codeable phase
`shifts from the phase difference;
`
`by
`averaged frequency offset
`for determining an
`means
`averaging determined frequency offsets of
`a plurality of
`carriers; and
`
`means for performing a feedback correction of the frequency
`deviation based on the averaged frequency offset.
`
`invention
`the present
`In accordance with an eighth aspect,
`provides
`an
`apparatus
`for performing a
`fine frequency
`synchronization
`compensating
`for
`a
`carrier
`frequency
`deviation from an oscillator frequency, for a multi-carrier
`demodulation system of
`the type capable of carrying out a
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 15
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 15
`
`

`

`
`
`of multi-carrier modulated
`decoding
`phase
`differential
`signals,
`the signals comprising a plurality of symbols, each
`symbol being defined by phase differences between simulta-—
`neous carriers having different frequencies,
`the apparatus
`
`comprising:
`
`means for determining respective phases of the same carrier
`
`in different symbols;
`
`uncertainties
`shift
`phase
`eliminating
`for
`means
`corresponding to codeable phase shifts from the phases to
`determine respective phase deviations;
`
`for determining a frequency offset by determining a
`means
`phase difference between the phase deviations;
`
`by
`frequency offset
`averaged
`for determining an
`means
`averaging determined frequency offsets of
`a plurality of
`carriers; and
`
`means for performing a feedback correction of the frequency
`deviation based on the averaged frequency offset.
`
`invention relates to methods and apparatus for
`The present
`performing a fine frequency synchronization compensating for
`a carrier frequency deviation from an oscillator frequency.
`This fine frequency synchronization is preferably performed
`after completion of a coarse frequency synchronization, such
`that
`the
`frequency offsets after
`the
`coarse
`frequency
`synchronization are
`smaller
`than half
`the
`sub-carrier
`distance in the MCM signal. Since the frequency offsets
`which are to be corrected by the inventive fine frequency
`synchronization methods and apparatus,
`a correction of the
`frequency
`offsets
`by
`using
`a
`phase
`rotation with
`differential decoding and de-mapping in the time axis can be
`used. The frequency offsets are detected by determining the
`frequency differences between time contiguous sub-carrier
`symbols
`along the
`time
`axis.
`The
`frequency
`error
`is
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 16
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 16
`
`

`

`
`
`the I-Q cartesian
`calculated by measuring the rotation of
`coordinates of each sub-carrier and,
`in preferred embodi-
`ments,
`averaging them over all
`n sub-carriers of
`a MCM
`
`symbol.
`
`the phase ambiguity or uncertainty is eliminated by
`Firstly,
`using a M-PSK decision device and correlating the output of
`the decision device with the input signal for a respective
`sub-carrier symbol. Thus,
`the phase offset for a sub-carrier
`symbol
`is determined and can be used for restructuring the
`frequency error
`in form of
`a
`feed-backward structure.
`Alternatively,
`the phase offsets of the sub-carrier symbols
`of one MCM symbol can be averaged over all of
`the active
`
`carriers of a MCM symbol, wherein the averaged phase offset
`
`is used to restructure the frequency error.
`
`the determination
`invention,
`In accordance with the present
`of
`the frequency offset
`is performed in the frequency
`domain. The
`feedback correction in accordance with the
`
`inventive fine frequency synchronization is performed in the
`time domain. To this end, a differential decoder in the time
`
`frequency offsets of
`domain is provided in order to detect
`sub-carriers on the basis of the phases of timely successive
`sub-carrier symbols of different MCM symbols.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`the present
`following, preferred embodiments of
`In the
`invention will be explained in detail on the basis of the
`drawings enclosed,
`in which:
`
`Figure 1
`
`shows a schematic overview of a MCM transmission
`system to which the present application can be
`applied;
`
`Figures 2A and 2B show schematic views representing a scheme
`for differential mapping in the time axis and a
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 17
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 17
`
`

`

`
`
`~ 10 -
`
`scheme for differential mapping in the frequency
`
`axis;
`
`Figure 3
`
`shows a functional block diagram for performing a
`differential mapping in the frequency axis;
`
`Figure 4
`
`shows a representation of
`
`time variation of all
`
`sub-carriers in MCM symbols;
`
`Figure 5
`
`a QPSK-constellation for each sub-carrier
`shows
`with a frequency offset;
`
`Figure 6
`
`a general block diagram illustrating the
`shows
`position
`of
`the
`inventive
`fine
`frequency
`synchronization device in a MCM receiver;
`
`Figure 7
`
`shows a block diagram of the fine frequency error
`detector shown in Figure 6;
`
`Figure 8
`
`receiver
`MCM
`a
`diagram of
`block
`a
`shows
`comprising a
`coarse
`frequency synchronization
`unit and a fine frequency synchronization unit;
`
`Figure 9
`
`shows a block diagram of a unit for performing a
`coarse frequency synchronization;
`
`Figure 10
`
`shows a schematic view of a reference symbol used
`for performing a coarse frequency synchroniza-
`
`tion;
`
`Figure 11
`
`shows a schematic view of a typical MCM signal
`having a frame structure;
`
`Figure 12
`
`an
`the output of
`scatter diagrams of
`shows
`for
`a MCM receiver
`differential de-mapper of
`illustrating the effect of an echo phase offset
`correction;
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 18
`
`Petitioner Sirius XM Radio Inc. - Ex. 1005, p. 18
`
`

`

`Figure 13
`
`shows a schematic block diagram for illustrating
`the position and the functionality of an echo
`phase offset correction unit;
`
`Figure 14
`
`a schematic block diagram of a prefe