United States Patent (19
`Welsch et al.
`
`54
`
`75
`
`(73)
`(21)
`22
`51
`52
`(58)
`
`SEGMENTED MEMORY TRANSFER AND
`MESSAGE PRIORITY ON
`SYNCHRONOUS/ASYNCHRONOUS DATA
`BUS
`Inventors: Gary A. Welsch, Palatine; Donald A.
`Dorsey, Arlington Heights, both of
`III.
`Assignee: Motorola, Inc., Schaumburg, Ill.
`Appl. No.: 559,873
`Filed:
`Jul. 30, 1990
`Int. Cl. .............................................. G06F 13/00
`U.S. Cl. .................................... 395/200; 395/325;
`395/425; 455/11.1; 455/33.1
`Field of Search .................. 364/DIG. 1, DIG. 2;
`395/200, 425, 550, 275, 325; 455/11.1, 33.1,
`54.1
`
`56
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,369,516 1/1983 Byrns.
`4,380,060 4/1983 Wilhelm .
`4,593,155 6/1986 Hawkins .
`4,615,017 9/1986 Finlay et al. ........................ 395/325
`4,631,666 12/h986 Harris et al. ........................ 395/325
`4,667,191 5/1987 Comroe et al. .
`4,680,787 7/1987 Marry .
`4,725,836 2/1988 Guidos .
`4,742,560 5/1988 Arai .
`4,875,230 10/1989 Blair .
`
`III
`
`USOO5214774A
`
`- re
`
`5,214,774
`Patent Number:
`11
`(45) Date of Patent: May 25, 1993
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`"Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and
`Data Communication Equipment Employing Serial
`Binary Data Interchange', ETA Standard RS-232-C,
`Revision of RS-232-B, Aug. 1969 (Reaffirmed Jun.,
`1981).
`R. E. Fisher, "A Subscriber Set for the Equipment
`Test' The Bell System Technical Journal, Jan., 1979 pp.
`123-143.
`HMOS Single Chip Microcomputer Data Book, No.
`ADI1207R1, 1987 pp. 5-1 thru 5-5.
`Motorola Semiconductor Technical Data, "8-Bit
`HMOS Microcomputer" MC68HC811D4, No. BR296,
`1986.
`Primary Examiner-Robert L. Richardson
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Raymond A. Jenski
`57
`ABSTRACT
`Apparatus and method for transferring segmented
`memory between memory units determines a need for
`memory transfer and searches a memory unit segment
`by segment until a valid data record is found. This valid
`data record is conveyed to another memory unit via the
`asynchronous mode. If a valid data records is not found
`within a predetermined amount of time, a message iden
`tifying the memory segment last searched is conveyed.
`If no remaining valid data records are found, a message
`with no information is conveyed. Priority is given to
`asynchronous messages.
`
`22 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets
`
`109
`f
`
`
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`
`117
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`c. UNIT
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 1 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`AV C. 7
`- PROR ART -
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`REFER 297
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`
`- PRIOR ART
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 2 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`A 6.4
`ome PRIOR ART He
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 3 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 4 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 5 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`A V6.9
`
`DO
`SCI REQUESTs EXIST
`
`YES
`PUT SCI IN CONTROL OF BUS 905
`
`TRANST
`
`905
`
`907
`VALID
`RESPONSERECEIVED
`
`909
`
`NO
`
`RETRANSI
`NECESAR)
`
`PROCESS RECEIVED DATA
`
`911
`
`913
`
`MORE
`SCI REQUESS
`NO
`RELINQUISH conTROL OF Bush-9
`
`917
`
`DOES
`TWB REQUEST EXIST
`
`YES
`PUT TWB IN CONTROL OF BUS 919
`
`ALLOW ONE TWB MESSAGE h921
`
`RELINQUISH CONTROL OF BUS-92
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 6 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ENTER
`
`IS
`PREVIOUS
`SCI MESSAGE PROCESSED
`
`
`
`YES
`IS
`SLAVE REQUESTING
`SERVICE
`
`1011
`
`
`
`TIME
`FOR MAINTENANCE POLL
`
`
`
`
`
`MASTER
`HAS MORE REQUESTS
`TO TRANSI
`
`
`
`102.3
`
`NO
`
`EXIT
`
`SET UP POLL TO SLAVE
`
`GRANT PERMISSION FOR
`SLAVE REQUEST
`
`GET NEXT REQUEST
`
`
`
`
`
`DO NOT GRANT PERWISSION
`FOR SLAVE REQUESTS
`
`1025
`
`TRANSMIT REQUEST
`
`1017
`
`WAIT FOR RESPONSE
`
`AVC. 70
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 7 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`ENTER
`
`IS
`MESSAGE
`RECEIVED
`
`FREE AND INTENDED FOR
`THIS DEVICE
`
`HAS
`RESPONSE
`TIMEOUT OCCURED
`
`RETRANSMIT MESSAGE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PREFORM PROCESSING
`FOR INVALID MESSAGES
`1113
`
`IS
`MESSAGE A
`RESPONSE TO PRIOR
`MESSAGE
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`AV 6, 77
`
`1119
`PREFORM REQUEST
`PROCESSING
`
`1121
`GRANT PERMISSION FOR
`NEXT SLAVE REQUEST
`1123
`TRANSMIT RESPONSE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1115
`
`PREFOR ACKNOWLEDGE
`PROCESSING
`
`7N TRANsuIT Next vessacE
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 8 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`ENTER
`
`IS
`PREVIOUS SCI
`MESSAGE PROCESSED
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`1203
`HAS
`MASTER GRANTED
`PERMISSION FOR SLAVE
`REQUESTS
`
`
`
`DOES
`SLAVE HAVE
`RESS TO
`IRA's T
`YES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`EXIT
`
`RECAL NEXT SLAVE
`REQUEST
`
`1207
`
`REQUEST PERMISSION FOR
`ADDITIONAL SLAVE REQUESTS
`
`1209
`
`TRANSMIT REQUEST
`WAIT FOR RESPONSE
`
`1211
`1273
`
`AA C. 72
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 9 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ENTER
`
`IS
`MESSAGE
`
`RECEIVED
`
`1307
`
`BYTE TIMEOUT
`OccyRED
`
`m
`RESET FOR INCOMING
`MESSAGES
`
`YES
`1307
`IS
`MESSAGE ERROR
`FREE AND INTENDED FOR
`THIS 2EVICE
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1309
`PREFORM PROCESSING
`FOR INVALID MESSAGES
`
`
`
`1311
`
`IS
`SLAVE WAITING FOR
`A RESPONSE TO PREVIOUS
`MESSAGE
`NO
`
`133
`
`NO
`
`YES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IS
`MESSAGE AN
`ORDINARY
`REQyEST
`YES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1327
`
`PREFORM REQUEST
`PROCESSING
`
`
`
`A? C. 73. A '7
`
`1315
`
`s
`WESSAGE A
`RESPONSE TO PRIOR SLAVE
`REGyEST
`YES
`PREFORM ACKNOWLEDGE
`
`NO
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 10 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`SLAVE HAVE
`ANY TRANSIT
`REQUESTS
`YES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SLAVE HAVE
`ANY TRANSIT
`REQUESTs
`YES
`
`1321
`
`NO
`
`1323
`
`INDICATE SERVICE
`NOT REQUIRED
`1325
`
`TRANSMIT POLL
`ACKNOWLEDGE
`
`TRANSMIT NEXT MESSAGE
`
`EXIT
`
`AVC. 73A
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 11 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`REQUEST REPERTORY
`TRANSFER AND CLEAR
`VALID MESSAGE FLAG
`
`1401
`
`
`
`
`
`A776. 74
`
`
`
`IS
`VALID MESSAGE
`FLAG LEAR
`
`SEND REPERTORY REQUEST
`WITH LOCATION NUMBER
`
`WAIT FOR RESPONSE
`TO BE RECEIVED
`
`
`
`
`
`DATA PORTION
`OF RECEIVED MESSAGE
`CONTAIN INFORMATIO
`
`SET VALID MESSAGE FLAG
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DOES
`INFORMATION
`INCLUDE REPERTORY
`DATA
`
`STORE LOCATION, POINTERS,
`AND ALPHA/DIGITS
`
`SAVE LOCATION NUMBER
`RECEIVED FOR NEXT
`REPERTORY REQUEST
`
`QUEUE NEXT REPERTORY
`REQUEST MESSAGE
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 25, 1993
`
`Sheet 12 of 12
`
`5,214,774
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`RECEIVE REPERTORY
`REQUEST
`
`1503
`
`LOAD STARTING
`LOCATION FOR SEARCH
`
`1505
`
`FIND NEXT LOCATION
`
`1509
`
`HAS
`HE END OF REPERTOR
`BEEN PEACE
`
`YES
`
`1515
`
`
`
`SET UP RESPONSE WITH
`EMPTY DATA FIELD
`
`DOES
`LOCATION
`CONTAIN WALID REPERTORY
`INFORYATION
`LOAD LOCATION NUMBER,
`POINTER, ALPHA/DIGITS
`
`SCI SEARCH
`TIME BEEN
`EXCEEDED
`YES
`
`
`
`LOAD CURRENT SEARCH
`LOCATION NUMBER FOR
`NEXT TIME
`
`
`
`TRANSMIT RESPONSE
`
`1519
`
`AV C. 76
`
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`

`1.
`
`SEGMENTED MEMORY TRANSFER AND
`MESSAGE PRIORITY ON
`SYNCHRONOUS/ASYNCHRONOUS DATABUS
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`The present invention relates generally to data trans
`fer between components of radiotelephone equipment
`and more particularly to a serial digital data transmis
`10
`sion system layered on a slower synchronous self-clock
`ing digital data transmission system with message queu
`ing, bus control, and segmented memory transfer fea
`tures that enable cellular radiotelephone subscriber
`equipment to respond to requests initiated by cellular
`system fixed equipment that require a fast response.
`A synchronous self-clocking digital data transmission
`system has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,516. A
`synchronous/asynchronous data bus system has been
`described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 303,214
`"Multiplexed Synchronous/Asynchronous Data Bus'
`20
`filed on Jan. 27, 1989 in behalf of Wilson, et al, now U.S.
`Pat. No. 4,972,432.
`Patent application Ser. No. 303,214 describes an asyn
`chronous data transmission system layered on a slower
`self-clocking synchronous data transmission system.
`25
`The asynchronous data transmission system has much
`faster data transfer capability than the synchronous data
`transmission system. This is a particularly useful system
`in applications where the functions of a portable radio
`telephone are integrated with a mobile type radiotele
`30
`phone peripheral. The portable radiotelephone may
`then take advantage of the superior mobile type charac
`teristics, such as power output, while using a minimal
`amount of time for the required transfer of data. (An
`example of a mobile type radiotelephone peripheral is
`35
`described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,787 “Portable Radio
`telephone Vehicular Converter and Remote Handset',
`hereinafter referred to as a "CVC". This portable/mo
`bile integration is accomplished by splitting radiotele
`phone functions between the CVC peripheral and the
`portable radiotelephone.
`While the asynchronous data transmission offers
`higher rates of data transfer, it is desirable to retain the
`synchronous data transmission system because the syn
`chronous data transmission system has inherently better
`45
`electrical immunity to transmission error in areas of
`high electrical noise, such as an automobile environ
`ment, and produces little electromagnetic interference
`itself. Moreover, it is desirable that the synchronous
`digital transmission system continue in use unmodified
`SO
`to avoid retrofitting equipment already in service.
`The invention described in the aforementioned U.S.
`patent application Ser. No. 303,214 solves some of the
`problems associated with both high rates of data trans
`mission and required noise immunity. Two uses to
`55
`which this asynchronous/synchronous data bus may be
`applied are found in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
`107,227 "Radio Arrangement Having Two Radios
`Sharing Circuitry" filed on Oct. 9, 1987, now U.S. Pat.
`No. 5,029,233 in behalf of Metroka and the aforemen
`60
`tioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,787. There, the common data
`bus integrates a portable radiotelephone with a CVC
`peripheral to give the portable radiotelephone user the
`radiotelephone performance expected in the higher
`powered CVC mobile.
`65
`For radiotelephone systems being planned for the
`future, it has been found that an even faster data bus
`than the one described in the U.S. patent application
`
`15
`
`5,214,774
`2
`Ser. No. 303,214 is necessary because subscriber radio
`telephone units compliant with cellular system regula
`tor requirements must respond to system queries within
`a much smaller and unt of time than is possible using the
`multiplexed synchronous/asynchronous data bus of
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 303,214. One example
`of such required responses is a response to cellular sys
`tem challenges by subscriber equipment which some
`countries specify. These system queries require the sub
`scriber equipment to process large amounts of data and
`return the proper response to the fixed equipment
`within a specified amount of time. A unique implemen
`tation to meet this type of requirement in a subscriber
`unit, where the unit is a single portable or mobile radio
`telephone, is found in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No.
`461,570, "Radiotelephone Controller Configured for
`Coresident Secure and Nonsecure Modes' filed on Jan.
`5, 1990 in behalf of Pini, et al. In this Application, a
`method is described whereby the portable radiotele
`phone's display processor may be used to process the
`cellular system query thereby avoiding adding hard
`ware to the portable radiotelephone. This is especially
`important in portable radiotelephone applications
`where space constraints are rigorous.
`However, when a CVC or some other peripheral is to
`be integrated with a portable radiotelephone on a com
`mon data bus as described in U.S. patent application
`Ser. No. 303214, that data bus cannot guarantee an
`adequate response to the cellular system queries due to
`delays caused by inherent data bus characteristics such
`as the amount of data transfer required to integrate
`radiotelephone functions over the data bus, the control
`of the data bus by the contending data transmission
`systems, and the method of queuing messages into the
`data bus.
`Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a fast data
`bus that avoids these problems so that subscriber equip
`ment that integrates a portable with a CVC or some
`other peripheral, is able to respond to these cellular
`system queries. It would also be desirable to use the
`microprocessors in the portable radiotelephone to pro
`cess the system queries in manner similar to that de
`scribed in the aforementioned U.S. patent application
`Ser. No. 461,570 because in many applications, particu
`larly portable radiotelephones, the number of bus lines
`and corresponding connectors and compatibility with
`existing systems are important considerations. It would
`also be desirable to retain the same number of signal
`lines in a combined faster asynchronous/synchronous
`data bus structure, as well as to retain hardware com
`patibility with mobile and portable units presently in
`Se.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`A data transfer apparatus employing a data bus hav
`ing a synchronous mode and an asynchronous mode for
`communication between a first memory unit and a sec
`ond memory unit determines a need for memory trans
`fer and responsively searches a plurality of memory
`segments in the second memory unit for a valid data
`record stored in one of the memory segments. The
`memory transfer device then communicates the valid
`data record from the second data unit to the first mem
`ory unit in the asynchronous mode when the search
`finds a valid data record and communicates an empty
`data record from the second data unit to the first men
`
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`

`5
`
`O
`
`15
`
`20
`
`5,214,774
`3
`4.
`ory unit in the asynchronous mode when the search
`Cooper et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 3,962,553 "Portable
`Telephone System Having a Battery Saver Feature" by
`does not find a valid data record.
`Linder et al.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`In order to accommodate the signalling and control
`FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional portable
`functions in an automatic radiotelephone system, a mi
`radiotelephone which may employ the present inven
`croprocessor, memory, and related peripheral devices
`are employed in a logic unit for control of a portable
`tion.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a known generalized
`radiotelephone unit. This logic unit may be architec
`data communication system which may be useful in
`tured such that the signalling received from the base
`employing the present invention.
`station or transmitted to the base station is handled on a
`high speed interrupt basis while control signals for the
`FIG. 3 is a state diagram for a known method of
`communicating data on the system of FIG. 2.
`radio unit, including keyboard and display, are handled
`FIG. 4. is a timing diagram showing the relationship
`on a lower speed basis by way of a separate serial data
`between the input data and the data transmitted over
`bus.
`the system of FIG. 2.
`Alternately, all data communication between the
`FIG. 5 is a timing diagram showing the information
`logic unit, the portable transceiver and the integral
`keypad and display may be handled on a high speed
`and addressing data which may be transmitted over the
`system of FIG. 2 and may be used to select a particular
`data bus as shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, a conventional
`data receiver for the information.
`logic unit 101 is connected to a receiver 103 and a trans
`FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a radiotele
`mitter 105 and an interface 107 and may use self-clock
`phone remote unit having a three wire bus structure
`ing serial data bus 109. The receiver 103, transmitter
`with multiplexing capability.
`105, and logic unit 101 with its associated memory may
`FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a portable radiotele
`be physically grouped together as a radio unit 115. The
`phone remote unit and a CVC converter peripheral
`interface 107 and telephone keypad 111 and user char
`which may employ the present invention.
`acter display 113 may be a separate control unit 117 (as
`in a mobile radiotelephone configuration) or it may be
`FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the R line interfaces
`fully integrated with the radio unit into one package (as
`of FIG. 7.
`in a portable radiotelephone). The self-clocking nature
`FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the bus master allocating
`control of the multiplexed bus to either the synchronous
`of the serial data bus 109 enables the interface adaptor
`or asynchronous data buses.
`107 to be remotely located from the logic unit 101.
`30
`FIG. 10 is a flowchart of the process the bus master
`The serial data bus, as depicted in FIG. 2, has been
`uses when transmitting messages to slave devices using
`described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,369,516 and in U.S. patent
`the SCI protocol data bus.
`application Ser. No. 303,214 "Multiplexed Syn
`FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the process the bus master
`chronous/Asynchronous Data Bus' filed on Jan. 27,
`uses when it receives messages from the slave devices
`1989 in behalf of Wilson, et al. A general data transmit
`using the SCI protocol data bus.
`ter 201 is coupled to data receivers 203,205, and 207 by
`FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the process used by a slave
`two signal lines, labeled T (true data) and C (compli
`device using the SCI protocol data bus to queue and
`ment data). The data receivers 203 and 205 may also
`transmit its messages.
`transmit return data signals to, the data transmitter by
`FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b) are flowchart of the process
`means of a shared signal line labeled R (return data). A
`used by a slave using the SCI protocol data bus to re
`separate return line (R') may also be used to transmit
`ceive messages from other devices.
`return data signals to the data transmitter as shown for
`FIG. 14 is a flowchart of the process used by the
`data receiver 207. The return data signals transmitted
`CVC peripheral as the SCI protocol bus master to initi
`by the data receivers 203, 205, and 207 on the return
`ate and complete a transfer of repertory data from the
`data signal lines are transmitted in synchronism with the
`portable radiotelephone.
`data signals received from the data transmitter 201 on
`FIG. 15 is a flowchart of the process used by the
`on the true data and complement data signal lines.
`portable radiotelephone as an SCI protocol bus slave to
`If the general bidirectional bus concept of FIG. 2 is
`transfer repertory information to the CVC peripheral.
`applied to the control circuitry of a portable radiotele
`phone, the data transmitter becomes the logic unit and
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`the data receivers become the transmitter, receiver, user
`PREFERRED EMBODEMENT
`interface, and other devices sharing the bus. The format
`The present invention can be used to transfer data
`taken by the data transmitted from the data transmitter
`between a portable radiotelephone and a CVC unit,
`201 to the data receivers 203,205, and 207 makes use of
`enabling a radiotelephone user to take advantage of the
`the four two-bit binary states which can be assumed by
`55
`best characteristics of both portable and mobile type
`the true data and complement data signal lines taken
`radiotelephone equipment. Although the present inven
`together. For example, referring to the state diagram of
`tion describes the use of a portable radiotelephone with
`FIG. 3, a first two-bit binary state may be referred to as
`a CVC, the invention may just as well be used in other
`a "reset' state 301, where the true data signal line has a
`applications that require a portable radiotelephone to
`binary zero value and the complement data signal line
`transfer data to an external device.
`also has a binary zero value. When no data is being
`The present invention has been designed to operate in
`transmitted, the reset state 301 is provided on the true
`the portable radiotelephone units of a cellular system,
`data and complement data signal lines. When a data
`although it could be used in any automatic radiotele
`signal is to be transmitted, a transition is made from the
`phone system. The portable unit may be one such as
`reset state 301 to either a "zero' state 303 or a "one'
`65
`state 305 corresponding to a zero or a one in the input
`that marketed by Motorola, Inc, as sales model
`F09FGD8453AA or generally of the type described in
`data to be transmitted. In the zero state 303, the true
`U.S. Pat. No. 3,906,166 "Radio Telephone System' by
`data line assumes a binary zero value and the comple
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`scheme, which utilizes a portion of the data signal trans
`ment data line assumes a binary one value and the com
`plement data line assumes a binary zero value. Follow
`mitted by the data transmitter to provide an address, is
`ing the one state 305 or the zero state 303, the serial data
`shown in FIG. 5.
`bus assumes an "idle' state 307 in which both the true
`The number of bits dedicated to the address function
`data line and the complement data line assume a binary
`determines the maximum number of data receivers
`which can be uniquely addressed. It has been shown in
`one value. A transition is then made from the idle state
`U.S. Pat. No. 4,390,963, that the true data and comple
`to either the one state 305 or the zero state 303. For all
`ment data signal lines may be dynamically interchanged
`succeeding bits of the data signal to be transmitted, a
`and an additional number of unique addresses may be
`transition is made to the idle state 307 before a transition
`to the one state 305 or the zero state 303. This can be
`obtained.
`A serial asynchronous bus which may be utilized in
`seen in FIG, 4.
`the present invention is that which may be employed as
`Transitions between the states in FIG. 4 are selected
`such that only one signal line is changing binary value
`the Serial Communication Interface (SCI) for the
`MC68HC11 family of 8-bit microprocessors (or their
`during each transition. Transitions between the reset
`equivalents). Such an asynchronous bus is characterized
`state 301 and the idle state 307 and between the one state
`by a standard NRZ format (one start bit, eight or nine
`and the zero state 303 are not allowed since they would
`require that the value of both the true and the comple
`data bits, and one stop bit) and meets the following
`ment data signal lines change simultaneously. This limit
`criteria:
`1) The idle line is brought to a logic one state prior to
`ing of transitions between the binary states minimizes
`transmission/reception of a character.
`the effects of skewing and timing variations. Moreover,
`20
`by transmitting data signals as illustrated in the state
`2) A start bit (logic zero) is used to indicate the start
`diagram of FIG. 3, the transmission on the true data and
`of a frame.
`complement data signal lines is both selfclocking and
`3) The data is transmitted and received least-signifi
`independent of the transmitting frequency. The time
`cant-bit first.
`4) A stop bit (logic one) is used to indicate the end of
`duration between each of the state transitions need not
`be the same and may vary dynamically thereby enabling
`a frame. A frame consists of a start bit, a character of
`the frequency of the data transmission to be entirely
`eight or nine data bits, and a stop bit.
`asynchronous with randomly varying time intervals
`5) A break is defined as the transmission or reception
`of a low (logic zero) for at least one complete frame
`between successive state transitions.
`Understanding of the synchronous data format may
`time.
`30
`As in the previously disclosed U.S. patent application
`be enhanced by referring to FIG. 4. For transmissions
`Ser. No. 303,214, the faster single line asynchronous
`of a data signal, two state transitions occur for each
`SCI bus is layered over the top of the synchronous bus.
`input data bit shown in input data stream 400. For the
`This enables backwards compatibility with equipment
`first bit of the transmitted data signal, a transition is
`which may utilize only the synchronous bus while in
`made from the reset state 301 to the one state 305 result
`ing in the true data signal line attaining a binary one as
`creasing the rate of data transfer.
`In a portable radiotelephone with integral radio unit
`shown at 401. Next, a state transition is made to the idle
`state 307 resulting in the complement data signal line
`and control unit (generically called a remote unit), the T
`(true data) and C (complement data) lines are unidirec
`attaining a binary one value at 403. Then, for each suc
`ceeding bit of the data signal, a transition is made to the
`tional lines that go between the logic unit 101 of the
`40
`one state 305 or the zero state 303 and then back to the
`radio unit 115 and the interface of the control unit 117
`idle state 307 for each bit of the data input signal to be
`and from the radio unit 15 to external or other internal
`peripherals. The third line is the bidirectional R (return)
`transmitted, the received idle state 307 can be utilized at
`the data receivers to generate a bit clock signal 407. For
`line 209, and is used by the control unit 117 and periph
`the last bit of the data signal, the last state transition is
`erals to talk to the radio unit 115, the logic unit 101, and
`45
`other devices on the bus. Data is passed down the bus,
`made from the one state 305 or the Zero state 303 to the
`with T and C setting up the timing. It is a sychronous
`reset state 301. Returning to the reset state 301 after the
`bus. In the preferred embodiment, a high speed asyn
`last bit of the data signal has been transmitted indicates
`chronous bidirectional bus is multiplexed on the R (re
`to the data receivers 203,205, and 207 that a complete
`turn line) of the synchronous self-clocking data bus
`data signal has been transmitted.
`50
`In order to provide for the bidirectional transmission
`(called herein a three-wire bus or TWB). The high
`speed asynchronous bus (SCI) runs at over 10 times the
`of data signals between the the data transmitter 201 and
`speed of the TWB and, through software control, can
`the data receivers 203, 205, and 207, another signal
`referred to as the return data signal 409 is provided for
`share the same data line. The SCI employed in the pres
`carrying data signals from the data receivers 203, 205,
`ent invention is a single line bidirectional bus. All de
`vices that communicate on this bus write to the same
`and 207. The data receivers can transmit a return data
`signal on the return data signal line by utilizing the bit
`line as well as receive data from it. FIG. 6 shows a
`generalized configuration of the two multiplexed buses.
`clock signal 407 developed by detecting the bit value of
`the true data and complement data signal lines. As pre
`As shown, the TWB of T, C, and R lines are coupled
`viously described, separate return data signal lines can
`from the radio unit 115 to the control unit 117. In a
`60
`portable radiotelephone unit, the radio unit 115 and the
`be provided to each data receiver as for data receiver
`control unit 117 are physically located in the same hous
`207, or a number of data receivers such as data receivers
`ing. Peripheral 605 which is also coupled to the T, C,
`203 and 205 can be connected to one return data signal
`and R lines can receive data from the TWB as well as
`line. If a number of data receivers are connected to the
`send data to other peripherals 607 (if any), as well as the
`same return data signal line, it becomes necessary to
`selectively address the particular data receiver that is to
`remote unit 601 and the control unit 603. Such peripher
`transmit a return data signal. Many different addressing
`als may be CVCs, scramblers, data devices, or addi
`schemes may be utilized and one such addressing
`tional handsets and may be internal or external to the
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`portable radiotelephone remote unit. An example of a
`NAM and Repertory data transfer communications
`between the CVC peripheral and the portable radiotele
`CVC peripheral is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,787
`phone include data transfer between the microproces
`which is a vehicle-mounted converter which can pro
`sors resident in the CVC peripheral and the portable
`vide external power, an external antenna, radio-fre
`radiotelephone logic unit.
`quency (RF) amplification for the receiver and/or
`The portable radiotelephone must download its
`transmitter of a portable radiotelephone, and other fea
`NAM, serial number, and telephone number repertory
`tures which may not be available on the portable radio
`memory into the CVC peripheral in order for the porta
`telephone. In the generalized bus structure of FIG. 6,
`ble radiotelephone-CVC combination to work without
`the CVC peripheral may be represented by peripheral
`annoying delays to the user and to minimize on-going
`10
`605.
`communications between the portable radiotelephone
`In a system employing the present invention, when
`and CVC peripheral. All functionality of the subscriber
`the portable radiotelephone is connected to the CVC
`portable radiotelephone is transferred to the CVC pe
`peripheral 605, an automatic integration of all logic
`ripheral to minimize potential on-going communication
`functions occurs upon power-up after the CVC and
`between the CVC peripheral and the portable radiotele
`portable radiotelephone have been connected together
`phone. Thus, when the portable radiotelephone's hard
`to form a single subscriber unit. Such a configuration is
`ware is used to process a system query, the multiplexed
`shown in FIG. 7.
`communication bus will not have an excessive number
`On power-up, bus control is assumed by the CVC. In
`of queued messages that might otherwise prevent com
`the preferred embodiment, it verifies that other devices
`pliance with the regulatory time specification for an
`20
`on the bus are hardware and software compatible. If the
`swering these queries.
`devices are not compatible, the CVC will power down.
`Referring now to FIG. 7, a portable radiotelephone is
`A security data slot may also be provided whereby the
`shown in a detailed block diagram coupled to a CVC
`device in control of the bus can send out encoded data
`peripheral by way of a three wire bus to convey data
`to "slaves' (other devices), which must then decode the
`between the portable radiotelephone and the CVC pe
`25
`data and send back an appropriate response. This secu
`ripheral. As described previously, a portable radiotele
`rity system can be used to prevent access to the cellular
`phone user may insert a portable radiotelephone into a
`system by unauthorized users using peripheral-like de
`vehicular-mounted converter (CVC) for external
`vices. Once the compatibility check is accomplished,
`power, external antenna, RF amplification, and other
`functions, options, and information set which originally
`features. A connector interface 701 is illustrated in FIG.
`were part of the portable radiotelep