United States Patent (19)
`Ishizuka
`
`III IIII
`USOO5497192A
`5,497,192
`11
`Patent Number:
`Mar. 5, 1996
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`54) VIDEO SIGNAL PROCESSINGAPPARATUS
`FOR CORRECTING FOR CAMERA
`WEBRATIONS USENG CCD IMAGER WITH A
`NUMBER OF LINES GREATER THAN THE
`NTSC STANDARD
`
`75 Inventor: Shigeki Ishizuka, Kanagawa, Japan
`73 Assignee: Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
`
`21
`22)
`
`Appl. No.: 395,900
`Filed:
`Feb. 28, 1995
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`62 Division of Ser. No. 70,957, Jun. 4, 1993, Pat. No. 5,396,
`286.
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`30
`Jun. 9, 1992
`JP
`Japan .................................... 4-174896
`(51) Int. Cl. ....................................... HO4N S/228
`52 U.S. Cl. ................
`348/208; 348/294; 348/316
`58) Field of Search ..................................... 348/208, 207,
`348/240,294, 155, 699, 700, 303, 304,
`311, 316; 359/554; 354/70; H04N 5/228
`
`56
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`Primary Examiner Michael T. Razavi
`Assistant Examiner-Tuan Y. Ho
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Jay H. Maioli
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A video signal processing apparatus for correcting vibration
`effects in a video camera that has a CCD image pickup
`device having a number of lines greater than the number of
`lines of the standard NTSC television system. The lines used
`to generate the image are shifted during the vertical blanking
`interval to correct for vibrations of the video camera, and the
`overflow charges which are caused by transferring the CCD
`image pickup device at a high speed during the blanking
`period are absorbed into a semiconductor drain element
`arranged in parallel with the horizontal transfer register of
`the CCD image pickup device. Defective pixels in the image
`pickup device are compensated by storing the addresses of
`defective pixels and interpolating at those positions, during
`vibration correction the addresses of the defective pixels are
`shifted to correspond to the amount of vibration correction.
`A read clock and a write clock for the line memory that is
`used to perform the vibration correction in the horizontal
`direction are set to line-locked clock signals of different
`frequencies, thereby preventing deterioration of the picture
`quality upon vibration correction. The window used to
`detect optical information for automatic camera control is
`also shifted in accordance with the shift amount used to
`perform vibration correction.
`
`4,963,981 10/1990 Todaka et al. .......................... 348/240
`5,253,071 - 10/1993 Mackay ................................... 348/208
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`3 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets
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`Mar. 5, 1996
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 7 of 9
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`Fig. 1 1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 5, 1996
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`5,497,192
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`5,497,192
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`1
`WDEO SIGNAL PROCESSINGAPPARATUS
`FOR CORRECTING FOR CAMERA
`WBRATIONS USING CCD IMAGER WITH A
`NUMBER OF LINES GREATER THAN THE
`NTSC STANDARD
`
`This is a division of application Ser. No. 08/070,957 filed
`Jun. 4, 1993 U.S. Pat. No. 5,396,286
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`O
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`of the lines in the CCD image pickup device is transferred
`at a high speed during the vertical blanking period. By
`changing the number of lines in the high-speed transfer with
`respect to the number of lines before and after the video
`frame time, the picture plane can be vertically moved.
`Nevertheless, when such a vibration correction using an
`increase in CCD lines is executed, the high-speed transfer is
`executed during the blanking period, so that considerably
`large charges must flow from a vertical transfer register into
`a horizontal transfer register of the CCD image pickup
`device. Consequently, there occurs the problem that when a
`strong light is irradiated onto the CCD image pickup device,
`the charge amount exceeds the capacity of the horizontal
`transfer register and the overflow charges reverse flow into
`the vertical transfer register side.
`Moreover, as a practical matter defective pixels are
`always included in the pixels of a CCD image pickup device.
`Hitherto, position information of the defective pixels is
`stored in a memory and processes such as interpolation and
`the like are executed at the positions of the defective pixels,
`thereby coping with the defective pixels.
`As described above, when the image pickup device hav
`ing a number of lines greater than the number of lines of the
`standard television system is used vibration correction is
`executed by vertically moving the picture plane by using the
`surplus lines which are available. Therefore, because the
`defective pixel information is fixed as addresses in a
`memory, when the video signal is moved to perform vibra
`tion correction the positions of the defective pixels do not
`correspond to the positions at which the defect correction is
`to be executed.
`When the image pickup device in which the number of
`lines is larger than the number of lines of the standard
`television system is used, the vertical height of the image
`pickup picture plane is increased. Therefore, the image
`pickup signal is stored in a line memory and is time-base
`converted in accordance with a magnification ratio. By such
`time-base converting the image pickup signal, the picture
`plane is enlarged in the horizontal direction. Therefore, by
`shifting the enlarged picture plane in accordance with a
`vibration amount in the horizontal direction, the vibration in
`the horizontal direction can be corrected.
`In performing the time-base conversion by using the line
`memory as mentioned above, there is considered a method
`whereby a write clock signal, and a read clock signal are set
`to the same clock and the same data is read out a plurality
`of times in accordance with the magnification ratio. After
`such multiple read out, the data is interpolated by an
`interpolation filter, however, when the interpolation filter is
`used the picture quality deteriorates.
`Some video cameras have a window to detect optical
`information for performing automatic exposure control and
`automatic focus control. For example, automatic exposure
`control is executed by detecting a video signal level using
`the detection window and by setting an opening amount of
`an iris and again of an automatic gain control circuit (AGC)
`in accordance with the video signal level. As mentioned
`above, when the image pickup signal is stored in the line
`memory, the picture plane is enlarged in the horizontal
`direction, the enlarged picture plane is shifted in accordance
`with a vibration amount in the horizontal direction, and the
`vibration in the horizontal direction is corrected. Thus, the
`position of the window is deviated relative to the position of
`an object to be photographed. For example, when the
`position of the window coincides with the position over the
`object or is moved away therefrom due to vibration,
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`1. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates generally to a video signal
`processing circuit used in performing vibration correction
`for a video camera and, more particularly, to providing
`defective pixel compensation and optical detector window
`adjustment in accordance with the vibration correction.
`2. Description of the Background
`In recent years, the realization of a miniature light-weight
`video camera has progressed and today such a video camera
`can be fairly easily handled. On the other hand, in associa
`tion with the miniaturization and lowered weight of the
`video camera, the video camera can be so easily moved that
`the photographing operation is readily influenced by camera
`movement and vibration. A video camera, therefore, having
`a vibration correcting feature has been proposed and put into
`practical use.
`As a vibration correcting system for a video camera, there
`has been proposed a circuit in which an image pickup signal
`from an image pickup device is stored in a field memory, and
`the picture plane is enlarged and interpolated in the field
`memory. The reading out operation from the field memory
`is controlled in accordance with the vibration of the camera,
`and the vibration is corrected. Such a system is disclosed in
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 673,783 assigned to the
`assignee of the instant application. Nevertheless, when the
`picture plane is enlarged and interpolated as described
`above, the resolution deteriorates.
`There has also been proposed a mechanism in which a
`variable optical axis prism is arranged in front of a lens, the
`prism is moved in accordance with the vibrations of the
`camera, the refraction angle of the incident light is changed,
`and the vibration is compensated. Such a system is disclosed
`in Japanese patent application number Hei 04-016968.
`According to such a vibration correcting mechanism,
`because the picture plane is not enlarged and interpolated,
`the picture quality is not deteriorated. Nevertheless, accord
`ing to such a vibration correcting mechanism the variable
`optical axis prism must be mechanically moved. Therefore,
`the required mechanical structure becomes an obstacle to
`realizing a small sized and light-weight camera.
`Further, there has been proposed a system in which the
`image pickup device of the camera has a number of lines
`greater than the number of lines of the standard television
`system, the picture plane is vertically moved by using the
`surplus lines which are available, and the vibration is
`corrected. This system is disclosed in U.S. patent application
`Ser. No. 978,366 also assigned to the assignee of the instant
`application.
`In this latter system, for instance, a CCD image pickup
`device of the PAL system is used to output the video signal
`of the NTSC system. When the video signal of the NTSC
`system is generated by using the CCD image pickup device
`of the PAL system, because the number of lines of the PAL
`65
`system is greater than the number of lines of the NTSC
`system, surplus lines are provided. The number and location
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`although the amount of light in the window changes, the
`photographed picture plane is stationary due to the vibration
`correction. Therefore, a phenomenon occurs in which the
`brightness changes in spite of the fact that the picture plane
`is stationary.
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`OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE
`INVENTION
`Therefore, one object of the present invention is to
`provide a video signal processing apparatus that can prevent
`the reverse flow of charges to a vertical transfer register of
`an image pickup device when performing vibration correc
`1Ol.
`It is another object of the present invention to provide a
`video signal processing apparatus that can make the actual
`positions of defective pixels in a video camera image pickup
`device correspond to the position of defective pixels after an
`image plane has been shifted due to performing vibration
`correction.
`It is a still further object of the present invention to
`provide a video signal processing apparatus that does not
`cause deterioration of the picture quality when a time-base
`conversion in the horizontal direction is executed when
`performing video camera vibration correction.
`It is another object of the present invention to provide a
`video signal processing apparatus for a video camera in
`which optical information is obtained from a window
`adapted to the picture plane to be actually photographed.
`According to an aspect of the present invention, there is
`provided a video signal processing apparatus for correcting
`vibrations in a video camera, comprising: an image pickup
`having a number of lines in vertical direction that is larger
`than the number of lines of a television system to be output;
`a vibration amount detector for detecting a vibration amount
`in the vertical direction; a high-speed transfer control for
`transferring the image pickup at a high speed during a
`blanking period within a range of the number of surplus lines
`which is equal to the difference between the number of lines
`of the image pickup and the number of lines of the television
`system to be output in accordance with the vibration amount
`in the vertical direction obtained by the vibration amount
`detector and for correcting the vibration in the vertical
`direction; and a charge backflow preventing device,
`arranged in parallel with a horizontal transfer register of the
`image pickup, for preventing a back flow of charges to a
`vertical transfer register upon high-speed transfer of the
`charges on the image pickup.
`According to another aspect of the present invention,
`there is provided a video signal processing apparatus for
`correcting vibration in a video camera, comprising: an
`image pickup having a number of lines in the vertical
`direction which is greater than the number of lines of the
`television system to be output; a vibration amount detector
`for detecting a vibration amount in the vertical direction; a
`high-speed transfer control for transferring charges from the
`image pickup at high speed during a video blanking period
`within a range of the number of surplus lines that is equal to
`the difference between the number of lines of the image
`pickup and the number of lines of the television system to be
`output in accordance with the vibration amount in the
`vertical direction obtained by the vibration amount detector
`and for correcting the vibration in the vertical direction; a
`memory for storing pixel defect location formation for each
`of the pixels that are arranged in the image pickup; and a
`defect corrector for correcting defects in accordance with the
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`defect location information and the number of lines that are
`transferred at high speed for vibration correction, thereby
`correcting defects.
`According to still another aspect of the present invention,
`there is provided a video signal processing apparatus for
`correcting vibrations in a video camera, comprising: an
`image pickup having a number of lines in the vertical
`direction that is greater than the number of lines of the
`television system to be output; a vibration amount detector
`for detecting vibration amounts in the horizontal and vertical
`directions; a high-speed transfer control for transferring the
`changes on the image pickup at high speed during a video
`blanking period within a range of the number of surplus lines
`which is equal to the difference between the number of lines
`of the image pickup and the number of lines of the television
`system to be output in accordance with the vibration amount
`in the vertical direction obtained by the vibration amount
`detector and for correcting the vibration in the vertical
`direction; a line memory into which a video signal after the
`vibration in the vertical direction is written and from which
`the video signal is read out by a read clock of a frequency
`lower than that of the write clock, thereby performing an
`enlargement in the horizontal direction of the video signal;
`and a line memory control for line-locking the write clock
`and the read clock, for setting a frequency ratio of the write
`clock and the read clock in accordance with a magnification
`ratio in the horizontal direction, for shifting the reading
`position or writing position of the line memory, thereby
`correcting the vibration in the horizontal direction.
`According to yet another aspect of the present invention,
`there is provided a video signal processing apparatus for
`correcting vibration in a video camera, comprising: a image
`pickup having a number of lines in the vertical direction that
`is greater than the number of lines of the television system
`to be output; a vibration amount detector for detecting
`vibration amounts in the horizontal and vertical directions;
`a high-speed transfer control for transferring the charges on
`the image pickup at high speed during a blanking period
`within a range of the number of surplus lines which is equal
`to the difference between the number of lines of the image
`pickup and the number of lines of the television system to be
`output in accordance with the vibration amount in the
`vertical direction obtained by the vibration amount detector
`and for correcting the vibration in the vertical direction; a
`line memory into which a video signal after the vibration in
`the vertical direction is written and from which the video
`signal is read out by a read clock of a frequency lower than
`that of the write clock, thereby performing an enlargement
`in the horizontal direction of the video signal; a line memory
`control for correcting the vibration in the horizontal direc
`tion by shifting a reading position or a writing position of the
`line memory; and a window setting circuit for setting a
`window to detect optical information and for correcting the
`position of the window in accordance with the vibration
`amount so as not to change the relative position for the video
`signal after the vibration has been corrected.
`The above and other objects, features, and advantages of
`the present invention will become readily apparent from the
`following detailed description thereof, which is to be read in
`connection with the accompanying drawings.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a video camera to
`which the present invention is applied;
`FIG. 2 is a representation of a CCD which is used in a
`video camera to which the invention is applied;
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`ZTE Exhibit 1005 - 12
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`FIGS. 3A to 3F are waveform diagrams which are useful
`in explaining the video camera to which the present inven
`tion is applied;
`FIG. 4 is a representation of a CCD which is useful in
`explaining the video camera to which the invention is
`applied;
`FIGS. 5A and 5B are representations of a portion of a
`CCD which are useful in explaining the video camera to
`which the invention is applied;
`FIG. 6 is a schematic of explain a CCD image pickup
`device of the video camera to which the invention is applied;
`FIG. 7 is a schematic of explain of a CCD image pickup
`device of the video camera according to an embodiment of
`the present invention;
`FIG. 8 is a representation of the CCD image pickup
`device of the video camera of FIG. 7 shown in more detail;
`FIG. 9 is a block diagram explain the vibration correction
`system for the horizontal direction of the video camera
`according to an embodiment of the present invention,
`FIGS. 10A and 10B are representations of a video frame
`which useful in explaining the correction of pixel defects of
`the video camera according to an embodiment of the present
`invention;
`FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a system for the correction
`of defects of the video camera according to an embodiment
`of the present invention;
`FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a system for setting of a
`window for optical detection of the video camera according
`to an embodiment of the present invention;
`FIGS. 13A to 13D are waveform diagrams which are
`useful in explaining the setting of the window for optical
`detection of the video camera as shown in FIG. 12; and
`FIGS. 14A to 14C are representations of a video frame
`which are useful in explaining the setting of the window for
`optical detection of the video camera as shown in FIG. 12.
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`pulse generating circuit 32 whose output is supplied to a
`signal processing circuit 10. At the position of the defective
`pixel, the output of the CCD image pickup device 3 is
`replaced to pixel data formed by interpolating the data of the
`adjacent pixels. Due to this, the defect correction is
`executed. As will be explained hereinafter in performing
`defect correction an address is shifted so that the defect
`position on the CCD image pickup device 3 corresponds to
`the position to correct position after the lines are shifted to
`perform vibration correction.
`The output of the CCD image pickup device 3 is supplied
`to an analog-to-digital (AID) converter 9 through a sample
`and-hold circuit 7 and an automatic gain control (AGC)
`circuit 8. The image pickup signal is converted into a digital
`signal by the A/D converter 9 and an output of the A/D
`converter 9 is supplied to the signal processing circuit 10 and
`is also supplied to an optical detector circuit 11.
`The signal processing circuit 10 executes necessary cam
`era signal processing and forms a luminance signal and a
`chrominance signal corresponding to the NTSC system from
`the image pickup signal from the CCD image pickup device
`3. The luminance signal and the chrominance signal from
`the signal processing circuit 10 are supplied to a horizontal
`correcting circuit 14.
`The optical detector circuit 11 is provided to obtain
`information which is necessary for optical controls such as
`exposure control, focus control, white balance control, and
`the like. A window for obtaining this information is set by
`the optical detector 11 and a light level in the window is
`detected and a corresponding signal is supplied to a camera
`controller 13. The camera controller 13 controls the gain of
`the AGC circuit 8 and the opening size of the iris 2 in
`accordance with the light level signal, so that automatic
`exposure control is performed. The detection window is set
`by the optical detector 11 and an edge component level of
`the image pickup signal in the window is detected and
`supplied to the camera controller 13. The camera controller
`13 controls the position of the lens 1, the lens position
`control mechanism is not shown, so that the edge component
`level is maximized. In this way, the automatic focus control
`is executed. The position of the window of the optical
`detector 11 can be moved by a window correction circuit 12.
`According to an embodiment of the invention, the lines in
`the horizontal direction are enlarged by the line memory of
`the horizontal correcting circuit 14 and the reading position,
`or the writing position, in the line memory is shifted, thereby
`performing the vibration correction in the horizontal direc
`tion. When such a method is used, however, the position of
`the picture plane which is output does not coincide with the
`position of the picture plane photographed by the CCD
`image pickup device. Therefore, when the position of the
`window does not coincide with the position of the object due
`to the vibration correction, the light amount in the window
`changes but the photographed picture plane appears station
`ary due to the vibration correction. Thus, a phenomenon
`occurs in which the brightness changes in spite of the fact
`that the picture plane is stationary. To overcome this, the
`invention provides a system whereby the position of the
`window of the optical detector 11 is shifted in accordance
`with a vibration correction amount.
`The luminance signal and the chrominance signal from
`the signal processing circuit 10 are supplied to the horizontal
`correcting circuit 14, and the horizontal correction circuit 14
`enlarges a signal of one line and shifts the reading position,
`thereby correcting the effects of vibration in the horizontal
`direction of the camera. The horizontal correcting circuit 14
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`In the video camera of FIG. 1 the light of an object image
`obtained through a lens 1 is formed as an image on a
`photosensitive surface of a CCD image pickup device 3 after
`45
`passing through an iris 2. Although the video camera is
`selected to perform recording following the NTSC standard
`system, in order to perform vibration correction the CCD
`image pickup device 3 is provided with a number of lines
`that is not equal to the number of lines of the NTSC system
`but, rather, is equal to the number of lines of the PAL system.
`That is, the number of lines of the CCD image pickup device
`3 is selected such that there are 582 effective lines.
`The CCD image pickup device 3 is driven by a driver 4
`on the basis of a timing signal from a timing generating
`circuit 5. A sync signal is supplied from a sync generating
`circuit 6 to the timing generating circuit 5 and an output of
`a vibration correcting controller 20 is also supplied to the
`timing generating circuit 5. A high-speed transfer clock
`signal is fed to the CCD image pickup device 3 for a period
`of time equal to the vertical blanking interval in accordance
`with the vibration in the vertical direction of the camera.
`According to an embodiment of the invention, pixel
`defects in the CCD image pickup device 3 are corrected, and
`the defect information of the CCD image pickup device 3 is
`stored in a defect position memory 31. An output of the
`defect position memory 31 is supplied to a defect correction
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`is constructed by a line memory. A PLL 15 provides a
`synchronized read clock and write clock for the line
`memory. The reading and writing positions of the line
`memory forming the horizontal correction circuit 14 are
`controlled by the vibration correcting controller 20.
`The luminance signal and chrominance signal from the
`horizontal correcting circuit 14 are supplied respectively to
`D/A converters 16A and 16B and the analog luminance
`signal and chrominance signal are generated by the D/A
`converters 16A and 16B and output from output terminals
`17A and 7B.
`The shaking of the video camera is detected by pitch and
`yaw angular velocity sensors 21A and 21B. That is, shaking
`in the vertical direction is detected by the pitch angular
`velocity speed sensor 21A, and an output of the pitch
`angular velocity speed sensor 21A is supplied to an A/D
`converter 23A through an amplifier 22A. An output of the
`A/D converter 23A is supplied to the vibration correcting
`controller 20. Shaking in the horizontal direction is detected
`by the yaw angular velocity sensor 21B and an output of the
`yaw angular velocity sensor 21B is supplied to an A/D
`converter 23B through an amplifier 22B. The output of the
`A/D converter 23B is also supplied to the vibration correct
`ing controller 20.
`The vibration correcting controller 20 controls a high
`speed transfer of the CCD image pickup device 3 by a signal
`fed to timing generator 5 on the basis of shaking in the
`vertical direction as detected by the pitch angular velocity
`sensor 21A, thereby executing the vibration correction in the
`vertical direction. On the basis of shaking in the horizontal
`direction as detected by the yaw angular velocity sensor
`21B, the read position (or writing position) of the line
`memory constructing the horizontal correcting circuit 14 is
`shifted, thereby performing the vibration correction in the
`horizontal direction.
`More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2A according to the
`embodiment of the invention the CCD image pickup device
`3 is formed of a device in which the number of lines is in
`accordance with the PAL system, so that the number of
`effective lines is equal to 582. On the other hand, the number
`of effective lines of the NTSC system is usually taken to be
`494 lines. Therefore, 494 lines are selected from among the
`582 effective lines of one picture plane that are available in
`the CCD image pickup device 3. As shown by the upper and
`lower hatched regions in FIG. 2A, outputs of these extra
`neous lines are not used. The picture plane can be moved in
`the vertical direction by changing the start position ST.
`Therefore, by moving the start position ST so as to eliminate
`the shake in the vertical direction of the picture plane the
`vibration correction in the vertical direction can be executed.
`FIGS. 3A-3F show the waveforms of the various signals
`applied to the CCD image pickup device 3. More specifi
`cally, a field identification pulse FLD (FIG. 3A), a vertical
`sync pulse VD (FIG.3B), a horizontal sync pulse HD (FIG.
`3C), sensor gate pulses XG1 and XG2 (FIGS. 3D and 3E),
`and a transfer clock CK (FIG. 3F) are supplied to the CCD
`image pickup device 3.
`A sensor gate pulse is supplied at a time point t and
`charges are transferred from each pixel of the CCD image
`pickup device 3 to the vertical transfer register by the sensor
`gate pulse. The charges are transferred by the transfer clock
`shown in FIG. 3F. In this instance, the signals of two pixels
`in the vertical direction are mixed and sent to the vertical
`transfer register. The reading position can be shifted by
`one-half line by a combination of the sensor gate pulses
`XGS1 and XGS2.
`
`40
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`5,497,192
`
`8
`As shown by the frequency of the clock pulses in FIG. 3F,
`N lines of the CCD image pickup device 3 are transferred at
`a high speed. Although these N lines of the CCD image
`pickup device 3 are transferred at a high speed, the other
`lines of the CCD image pickup device 3 are transferred at the
`normal transfer speed starting from time point t2. The CCD
`image pickup device 3 is then again transferred at a high
`speed from time point ts. The total number of lines which
`have been transferred for a period of time from time point t1
`to time point ta corresponds to the number of lines of the
`PAL system, as represented in FIG. 2. The number of lines
`for a period of time from time point t2 to time point t3
`corresponds to the number of lines of the NTSC system, as
`represented by the middle open area in FIG. 2. The position
`in the vertical direction of the picture plane can be changed
`by the number N of lines which are transferred at a high
`speed. By setting the number N of lines which are vertically
`transferred in accordance with the shake in the vertical
`direction of the video camera, the vibration correction in the
`vertical direction is executed.
`Among the 582 effective lines of the CCD image pickup
`device 3 according to the PAL system, the charges of the 494
`effective lines according to the NTSC system are transferred
`at a normal speed. The charges of remaining lines are
`transferred at a high speed. As a consequence of this
`two-speed charge transfer, a circular object A1 will be
`displayed as a vertically elongated circular image A2, as
`shown in FIG. 4.
`In regard to the horizontal vibration correction, a signal
`SL of one line is stored in the line memory 14, as shown in
`FIG. 5A. As shown in FIG.SB, the time base of such a signal
`is converted and the resultant signal is read out. By per
`forming this time base conversion, a ratio of the vertical and
`lateral lengths of the image which is displayed is corrected
`and the picture plane is enlarged in the horizontal direction.
`By shifting the reading position of the line memory in
`accordance with the shake of the video camera in the
`horizontal direction the vibration correction can be per
`formed.
`In the video camera to which the invention is applied, as
`mentioned above, the CCD image pickup device 3 transfers
`the charges at a high speed during the vertical blanking
`period and sweeps out at a high speed. Therefore, consid
`erably large charges flow from th