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`WARNING:
`The Information disclosed herein may be restricted. Unauthorized disclosure may be prohibited by the United States Code Tiiie 35, Sections 122, 181 and 368.
`Possession outside the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office Is restricted to authorized employees and contra~tols ooly.
`
`Fann PT0-436A
`(Rev. 8/99)
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`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 1 of 92
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`
`

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`· : ..
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`'\
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`Page I ofl \ \
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`.
`FILE c~o~PY ''\
`
`I lllill 111111~11161 Im Iii! ~Im Ill 1~11111~ ~n I ~II
`
`Bib Data Sheet
`
`SERIAL NUMBER
`09/756,647
`
`FILING DATE
`
`-
`CLASS
`377
`
`COMMISSIONEa FOR PATENlS
`UNITED STATES PATENT ANO 'TRADEMARK OFFICE
`W..SHlH010H, D.C. 20231
`www.uspto.gO\I
`
`CONFIRMATION NO. 7058
`-
`ATTORNEY
`DOCKET NO. \
`KNOwM0-6
`
`-
`GROU.P ART UNIT
`2816 .
`
`,.
`
`Nathan Pyles, Lake Mills, WI;
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`*CONTINUING DA~*********************** ·
`THIS APPLICATIOlNs A CON .OF 09/18f,7;3810 /28/J998 PAT 6, 17'5,608
`~ fvt.v./
`· l;>t,,
`** FOREIGN APPLICATIONS ****
`*****•*••••••
`... ~ ~LJ 'J./11/"z..
`IF REQUIRED, FG
`IGN FILING·LICEN G . 'NTED •• :·SMALL ENTITY**
`** 01/31/2001
`.
`Foreign Priority claimed D~ no
`35 USC 119 (a-d) conditions D yes ~n Met after
`AJlowanc~ 11~
`met
`/Vi lA..J ~
`erlfied and
`cknowledged
`Examiner's Signature
`lnltlals
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`TOTAL
`CLAIMS
`9
`
`INDEPENDENT
`CLAIMS
`2
`
`SHEETS .
`DRAWING
`1
`
`FILING FEE
`RECEIVED
`420
`
`as been given ii'! PaP,er
`arge/credit DEPQSIT ACCOUNT
`wing:
`
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`· l~ .. f.11 Fe~s
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`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 6 of 92
`
`

`

`. .. '. '
`
`Please type a plus sign(+) inside this bo~ r--;-J,
`L-=-.J
`~
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`Under the Paperwork Reduction A\
`control number
`
`- <1995, no persons are required to respond to a collectim,
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`_Patent and Tf r Office: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`PTO/SB/OS (12/97)
`A
`led for use through 09/30/00. OMB 0651-0032
`
`.fifonnation unless it displays a valid OMB
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`n''
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`·
`
`UTILITY
`PATENT APPLICATION
`TRANSMITTAL
`
`Attorney Docket
`No.
`
`KNOWM0-6
`
`Total Pages
`
`First Named Inventor or Application Identi.fier
`
`Nathan Pyles
`
`:(Only for new nonprovisional applications under 37 CFR
`l.53(b))
`
`Express Mail Label No.
`
`EL28 l 94485 6US
`
`APPIJCA TION ELE.MENTS
`
`2. x
`
`ff otal Pages riJI
`L__J
`
`See MPEP chapter 600 concerning utility atent a plication contents.
`I.
`Fee Transmittal Form
`(submit an original, and a duplicate for fee processing)
`Specification
`(preferred arrangement set forth below)
`- Descriptive title of the Invention
`- Cross References to Related Applications
`- Statement Regarding Fed sponsored R&µ
`- Reference to Microfiche Appendix
`- Background of the Invention
`- Brief Summary of the Invention
`- Brief Description of the Drawings (iffiled)
`- Detailed Description
`- Claim(s)
`- Abstract of the Disclosure
`3. [U Drawing(s) (356 USC 113)
`Oath or Declaration
`4.
`
`b.
`
`Copy from a prior application (37 CFR 1.63(d))
`(for continuation/divisional with Box 17 completed)
`[Note Box 5 below]
`
`[fetal Sheets w:=J ] 10.
`[fetal Pages LJ ]' l· I.
`a. EJ Newly executed (original or copy)
`
`ADDRESS TO:
`
`Assistant Commissioner for Patents
`Box Patent Application
`Washington, DC 20231
`Microfiche Computer Program (Appendix)
`
`6.
`
`7.
`
`8.
`
`.9.
`
`12.
`13.
`
`14.
`
`15.
`
`16.
`
`Nucleotide and/or Amino Acid Sequence Submission
`(if a plicable, all necessary)
`Computer Readable Copy
`a.
`
`b.
`
`c.
`
`X
`
`Paper Copy (identical to computer copy)
`
`Statemen>.ferifying identity of above copies
`
`ACCOMPANYING APPIJCA TION PARTS
`
`Assignment Papers (cover sheet & document(s))
`
`37 CFR 3.73(b) Statement D Power of
`
`(when there is an assignee)
`
`Attorney
`
`English Translation Document (if~p licable)
`Information Disclosure
`. Copies of IDS
`Statement (IDS)/PT0-1449
`Citations
`Preliminary Amendment
`Return Receipt Postcard (MPEP 503) (
`(Should be specificay ite,ed)
`Statement filed in prior
`application, Status still
`proper and desired
`
`Statement(s)
`
`D Small Entity
`D Certified Copy of Priority Document(s)
`D Other: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
`
`(if foreign priority is claimed)
`
`D
`
`i. DELETION OF INVENTOR(S)
`Signed statement attached deleting inventor(s) named
`in the prior application, see 37 CFR l.63(d)(2) arld
`l.33(b).
`Incorporation By Reference (useable if Box 4b is checked).
`The entire disclosure of the prior application, from which a
`copy of the oath or declaration is supplied under Box 4b, is
`considered as being part of the disclosure of the
`accompanying application and is hereby incorporated by
`reference therein.
`17. If a CONTINUING APPLICATION, check a
`Continuation
`Divisional
`
`ropriate box 1and supply the requisite information:
`Continuation-in- art (CIP)
`of rior a
`
`lication No.: 09/181,738
`
`or D Correspondence address below
`l I
`020,4ss
`I
`I (Insert Customer No. or Attach bar code label
`Customer Number or Bar Code
`1---------La __ b_e~I ________________ _,,•_~e.!~------------------------------J-------------------------------4
`Name
`
`Address
`
`City
`Coun
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 7 of 92
`
`

`

`... --
`
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`
`,..,,..__
`
`i
`}
`
`PATENT APPLICATION
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`Applicant:
`
`Nathan Pyles
`
`For:
`
`PEDOMETER
`
`Docket No.: KNOWM0-6
`
`BOX PATENT APPLICATION
`Assistant Commissioner for Patents
`Washington, D.C. 20231
`
`"Express Mail" Mailing Label No.: EL281944856US
`Date of Deposit: January 4, 2001
`
`I hereby certify that these attached documents
`1;~ • Response postcard
`'•J
`• PTO/SB 05 (lp)
`• Specification, Claims and Formal Drawing (14 pp)
`·;,,J
`ti¥
`!:!1
`;• fE
`'•~ are being deposited with the United States Postal Service "Express Mail Post Office to
`:: ~ Addressee" service under 35 C.F.R. § 1.10 on the date indicated above and is addressed to the
`Assistant Commissioner for Patents, Washingto:µ, D.C. 20231.
`
`J
`= =
`J
`,i:,
`
`~.~~o.33455)
`
`Enclosed for filing please find the above-referenced new patent application. Please
`indicate receipt of this application by returning the attached postcard with the official Patent and
`Trademark Office receipt and serial number stamped thereon .
`. Respectfully submitted,
`
`~4)~
`
`expnnail.app
`
`I I
`
`(
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 8 of 92
`
`

`

`·~ --
`'.
`
`\
`~
`
`-------~
`
`ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
`
`The pedometer having improved accuracy by calculating actual stride I
`
`sofa
`
`user based on relative stride rates. The pedometer includes a waist or leg mounted stride
`
`counter, a transmitter for transmitting data to a wrist-mounted display unit, and a data
`
`s
`
`processor for calculating necessary base units and actual-stride rates and.1engths. The
`
`pedometer can also interact with a heart monitoring device.
`
`!l
`
`.•
`
`..
`
`13
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 9 of 92
`
`

`

`,_ ~ --
`
`__....--'"":!---......
`
`The undersigned hereby certifies that this document is being
`~led With
`the United States Postal Service
`today
`f-
`, 2001, by ~e "jlress M1111" service,
`\ q1:\4't5loU.S
`· · g express mail nurnbcrk'
`addressed
`to: Assistant Commissioner for Patents, Washington,
`O.C.20231
`
`~ameo¥r~
`.Si~ mailing this document
`
`.. -··
`
`PEDOMETER
`
`t:
`
`This application is a continuation of Application No. 09/181,738, filed October
`t..l5 p c..,+e.,,,f no. _'1. 115-; /,,OS"
`'
`11 c'J w
`28, 199~" the disclosure of which is incotporated by reference herein.
`
`5
`
`FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates generally to pedometers having a waist mounted
`
`stride-counting device and transmitter, and a wrist-mounted receiver and display. The
`
`invention also relates to a distance calculation device that calculates a distance walked or
`
`run based on an algoritiun that converts a base stride length and a base stride rate to an
`
`10
`
`actual stride length for use. in calculating the distance traveled.
`
`Pedometers are lrn.own which include devices or algorithms for determining tlie
`
`distance a person travels on foot. For example, U.S. Patent 4,371,945 discloses an
`I
`electronic pedometer tpat calculates distance by electronically n:i.easuring the length of
`'
`'
`each stride taken by a user. Stride length is measured by ultrasonic waves generated by an
`ultrasonic module strapped to one leg and an ultrasonic detector worn on the other leg. A
`
`15
`
`program compensates for a variety of measurement errors and the results are displayed on
`
`1
`
`~~~-;--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~'
`
`,,
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 10 of 92
`
`

`

`a wrist-mounted display after being transmitted by VHF waves from the leg to the wrist.
`
`U.S. Patent 4,771,394 discloses a computer shoe with a heel-mounted electronic
`
`device with an inertia footstrike counter, a timer, a sound generating device, a battery, and
`
`a gate array for counting time and footstrikes to calculate distance and running time as a
`
`function of stride time. Although. Jecqgnizing the important relati~nshipof stride length and
`
`5
`
`foot speed, the shoe in this patent -requires data from at least 15 test runs or walks and the
`
`data must be user-entered in pairs of footstrikes and elapsed time to cover a pre(cid:173)
`
`determined distance. Further, user adjustments of time must be performed to
`
`accommodate start arid stop·times, and the number of counted footstrikes is increased one
`
`10
`
`percent to overcome inherent errors in the inertia step counter. The shoe-mounted device
`is subject to damage fron;i impact, !dirt, and water, and requires a stay-at-home computer
`.
`with which to interface. There is no means disclosed to transnri.t data to a wrist-mounted
`
`display device or an "on-board" cJ mputing device that provides "real time" data to a
`
`runner.
`
`J
`
`-
`
`~ : =
`
`15
`
`U.S. Patent 4,855,942 discloses a pedometer and calorie measuring device that
`
`incl~des a wrist-mounted step couhter and a fixed stride length to calculate distance
`
`traveled. Wrist-mounted step counters are known to be inaccurate because they assume a
`
`step for every arm movement. Even with error correction, such a device will provide less
`
`accurate step counts than a leg or waist-mounted counter. Further, fixed stride lengths do
`
`20
`
`not take into account the fact that stride length varies with rate of movement.
`I
`-
`U.S. Patent 5,117,444 discloses a pedometer and calibration method with two
`
`calibration modes. First, a user ):!"avels a predetemli?ed "half-distance" for the device to
`
`count and store the number of strides in that distance. Next, the user travels a second
`
`distance with the step counter comparing actual steps to the steps in memory and a c~ent
`
`2s
`
`trip memory are incremented by a tenth of a ''whole unit" distance. There is no correlation
`
`between stride length and stride rate which requires the user to re-calibrate the device
`
`when walking as opp9sed to running.
`-u.s. Patent 5,475,725 discloses a pulse meter with pedometer function to
`determine pace and pulse rate of a user. The meter uses pulse wave base data compared
`
`-~
`
`30'
`
`to actual pulse wave data rates.
`
`2
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 11 of 92
`
`

`

`_,
`
`U.S. Patent 5,476,427 discloses a pace display device utilizing a base rate for
`
`!_raveling pre-set distances in successive trails. The device calculates step counts and rates,
`
`and c~mpares actual step count rates to display data to a user for comparison of present
`
`running rates to previous rates.
`
`5
`
`Thus, there is a need for a simple, but highly accllrate, pedometer that displays
`
`distance traveled, pace, speed, heart rate, and other important information on an easily
`
`read wrist-mounted device.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention overcomes problems and shortcomings in the prior art by
`
`10
`
`providing a device that includes a waist, chest, or.leg-mounted stride counting device, a
`transmitter, and a wrist-mounted receiver/display device that provides highly accurate
`.
`. travel distances and other information, The device includes a c0mputer that stores base
`
`stride length and rate data from traveling a pre-determined distance and compares that to
`
`actual -stride rate data to calculate actual distance traveled, speed, and pace. The invention
`
`15
`
`recognizes the interdependency of stride length and stride rate and uses that relationship to
`
`\
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`
`provide superior distance-calculating accuracy.
`
`The invention also provides for improved display of relevant data on a wrist(cid:173)
`
`mounted display that receives digital signals from devices worn on other body parts such
`
`as legs, waist, and chest. Transmitters that can send coded signals are desirable because
`
`20
`
`they will not interfere with similar devices worn by other users in the vicinity.
`
`The accuracy of the device is enhanced by the use of an algorithm that adjusts a
`
`base stride length based on actual stride rates. The algorithm is defined as: Actual Stride
`
`Length= Base Stride Length+ Base Stride Length *(((Actual Stride Rate - Base Stride
`'
`Rate) N)/Base Stride Rate); where N is either an average value or a derived value froin: a
`
`25
`
`plurality of samples.
`
`The invention also includes a method for calculating an actual stride length
`
`including steps of: timing a first user run of a predetermined distance; counting the total
`.
`......
`'
`.
`number of strides in the user first run; dividing the first run distance by the· stride count to
`
`obtain a base stride length; dividing the stride count by the first run time to ob'tain a base
`
`30
`
`stride rate; counting strides durinr'~.:user's s_econd run to obtain an actual stride rate;
`
`3
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 12 of 92
`
`

`

`- ----,
`
`--/
`
`calculating the actual stride length using the formula: Actual Stride Length = Base Stride
`Length + Base Stride 'Length
`
`*(((Actual Stride Rate - Base Stride Rate )N)/Base Stride Rate); wherein N is an average
`
`value or a derived value.
`
`5
`
`The average value method can be refined by com11~g Base Sttjde Rate to
`.
`-·
`Actual Stride Rate to determine a percentage difference; and using N~l when the Actual
`
`Stride Rate :S Base Stride ,Rate * 1.02 and using N=3 when Actual Stride Rate > Base
`
`Stride Rate* 1.02. A preferred embodiment uses a plurality of sample runs over known
`
`distances to derive an accurate N value for each individual.
`
`10
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`is a schematic diagram of a pedometer in accordance with the present
`
`invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`As illustrated in Fig. 1, the present invention is directed to an improved pedometer
`
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`15
`
`20 including: a waist,· chest, or leg mounted stride counter 24, and a wrist or waist
`
`momited display unit 26. An optional chest-mounted heart monitor 28 can be included. All
`
`of the device components are mounted in suitable housings. The pedometer 20 includes a
`
`data processor 30 that is m.ounted in the same housing as either the step counter 24 or the
`
`display unit 26.
`
`-
`The step counter 24 is an inertia device that counts the number of steps a user
`
`20
`
`takes. The number of steps' is transmitted to a data archive 32 either directly or via a
`'
`transmitter 34. The data ar~hive 32 is mounted in the housing with the step counter 24 or
`
`the display 26.
`
`The transmitter 34 is mounted in the step counter housing and is preferably an Rf
`
`25
`
`telemetric signal transmitter with a 30 inches to 36 inches transmission range. Alternately,
`
`the transmitter is a wireless or wired digital transmitter with a coding :function to limit or
`
`eliminate interference with other similar devices. The wireless transmission range is set
`
`between 30 inches and 36 inches to provide adequate range to transmit signals· from a
`
`user's waist to wrist, but not so far as to cause interference with other Rf or digital devices
`
`ao ·
`
`in the vicinity.
`
`4
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 13 of 92
`
`

`

`..
`
`The transmitter 34 transmits either raw data or calculated distances, pace, etc. to
`
`a wrist-mounted display unit receiver 40. The receiver 40 relays a raw data signal to the
`
`data processor 30 or a calculated data signal directly to the display panel 42, such as an
`
`LCD or LED.
`
`5
`
`Similarly, the heart rate monitor 28 includes a transmitter 44 that transmits heart
`
`rate data to the display unit 26. The heart monitor transmitter 44 can transmit at the same
`
`or a different frequency as the stride counter 24, and to the same or a different receiver in
`
`the display unit 26. The heart rate transmitter 44 is preferably Rf, but can be digital for the
`
`reasons stated above. The range of the heart rate transmitter 44 should also be between
`
`10
`
`30 inches and 36 inches to ensure effective coilllD:unication with the receiver while limiting
`
`outside interference.
`
`The data processor 30 can also include a programmable,Jogic controller, a
`
`personal computer, a programmable read-only memory, or other suitable processor. The
`
`data processor 30 includes a data archive 32 to store historic data on stride length and
`
`15
`
`pace to be .used in an algorithm for calculating actual distances, speed, and rate for real(cid:173)
`
`time.conversion of data to useful information for a user.
`
`The data processor 30 can also include closed loop or fuzzy logic programming to
`
`continually or periodically replace the base stride rate and length with recently calculated
`
`stride rates and lengths so that long term conditioning trends are accommodated in the
`
`20
`
`base stride archive. Incorporating trend capabilities may further enhance accuracy of the
`
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`distance and pace calculations.
`
`The display unit 26 also includes an operator interface 46 such as a key pad,
`
`button, knob, etc. that ~nables the user to start and stop a clock 48 (or stop watch) and
`
`activate various use mode~ within the pedometer, such as a sampling mode and operation
`.'
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`'.,
`
`mode.
`
`25
`
`One.option for using the pedometer 20, requires the user to operate a "sampling
`
`mode" and begin walking or running a pre-determined distance such as a mile or 1600
`meters,- pt;'eferably on ~running track of a known size. Upon completion 'of the distance, a
`
`;
`
`stop button on the operator interface 46 is pushed. :nie data processor 30 is programmed
`
`30 ·
`
`to then divide the distance by the number of strides counted to calculate an average stride
`
`5
`
`·'·
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 14 of 92
`
`

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`length. This value is stored in the data archive 32 as the ''Base Stride Length."
`
`Also, the data processor 30 is programmed to divide the number of strides by the
`
`time ofthe run or walk as measured by the clock 48 to arrive at a "Base Stride Rate."
`
`The data processor 30 preferably includes programming that queries the user
`
`s
`
`about the distance to be run during the sampling mode. By providillg options or enabling
`
`the use of any distance during the sampling mode, the pedometer 20 provides maximum
`
`flexibility for use by people of various physical conditions, or having access to courses of
`
`different known distances. Thus, a user may be queried to input a distance to be used in
`
`the sampling mode and then-be given a list of options such as 400 meters, 440 yards,
`
`10
`
`1600 meters, or one mile, or be asked .. to simply input any distance known to the user that
`
`will be traveled during the sampling mode.
`
`,..
`The present invention makes full use of the relationship between a faster rate of
`travel and longer stride lengths. In other words, the faster a user is moving, the longer will
`
`be the stride length. Over the course of the run or walk, the user's step rate and,
`
`15
`
`therefore, stride length Will change and the user will cover more ground when moving fast
`
`and less ground when moving slow.
`
`Clearly, using a fixed average stride length in calculating distance traveled will
`
`result in errors using prior pedometers: This is particularly true if a user changes pace, or
`
`improves conditioning and speed to the point where the average stride length over a given
`
`20
`
`run increases dramatically. The error compensators in prior devices do not adjust for
`changes in pace. With the old devices, i us~r needed to re-calibrate periodically to be
`
`close to getting an accurate reading, and could not change pace during a workout without
`
`decreasing accuracy. -:
`
`To make the' correption, the user activates a "Use Mode" in which the data
`
`2s
`
`processor 30 calculates an Actual Stride Rate based on data from the stride counter 24
`
`and the clock 48. For example, an Actual Stride Rate can be calculated every five
`
`seconds without the user doing more than activating the "Use Mode" button, 'while all the
`
`I
`I
`
`calculations are performed by the data processor automatically. The percentage change
`
`between the Actual Stride Rate and the Base Strid~ Rate is then computed by tJ;ie data
`
`30·
`
`processor 30 to determine anActl.l;al Stride Length. Again, ifthe Actual Stride Rate is
`
`6
`
`7
`
`- - - - - -
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 15 of 92
`
`

`

`.,
`
`greater than the Base Stride Rate, the Ac~al Stride Length is longer than the Base Stride
`
`Length. If the Actual Steps Per Second is lower than the Base Steps Per Second, the
`
`Actual Stride Length is shorter than the Base Stride Length. The algorithm below provides
`
`5
`
`a means for comparing the Actual and Base Stride rates to arrive at an accurate Actual
`.----
`First, a comparison between the Actual Stride Rate and the Base Stride Rate is
`
`Stride Length.
`
`made to determine whether Actual Stride Rate is less than or equal to Base Stride Rate
`
`multiplied by 1.02. Stride Length is calculated by:
`Actual Stride Length = Base Stride Length +
`
`10
`
`Base Stride Length *(((Actual-Stride Rate - Base Stride Rate)N)/Base Stride
`
`Rate)
`
`\ '1,J
`
`' -
`
`Where: N=l when Actual Stride Rate is less than or equal to Base Stride Rate multiplied
`,.
`by 1.02, and N=3 when Actual Stride Rate is greater than Base Stride·Rate multiplied by
`
`1.02, although other N values in the range of one to three can be used.
`
`15
`
`The above algorithm is accurate for heel to toe activities such as walkfug or
`
`jogging, but is less accurate for sprinting (toe only).
`
`A third'method of calculating actual stride length uses three separate run or walk
`
`samples at three different paces. This is the most accurate option. With this method, the N
`
`values are unique for each individual. By deriving an N value for each individual, this value
`
`20
`
`more accurately reflects the actual change in stride length with a change in pace. After a
`
`proper warmup, the user completes a sample run or walk on the track at a normal pace.
`
`This first sample Sl, will establish the.Base Stride.and the Base Steps Per Second.
`
`Sl SAMPLE:
`
`S 1 Stride = Base S_tride = Distance I Number of Steps
`
`25
`
`S 1 Ste.I?s Per Second or S 1 Steps Per Second = Base Steps Per Second =
`
`Number of. Steps Per Second
`
`Following completion of the first run or walk at normal pace, the user runs or
`'
`walks the same course and the same distance at a faster run or walking pace, but not a
`
`sprinting pace. The user should not run on his toes, but maintain the normal heel to toe
`
`30 ·
`
`jogging style. This is the S2 sample. The purpose of the S2 sample is to calculate an N2
`
`7
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 16 of 92
`
`

`

`' I
`
`value for each individual which reflects the effect an increase in Steps Per Second has on
`
`this individual's stride length. Some individual's steps will lengthen more than others as
`
`Steps Per Second increases, and by finding the value for N2, this relative increase can be
`
`quantified for a more accurate and customized algorithm for each ~dividual.
`
`5
`
`S2 SAMPLE:
`
`To find .the N2 value, which will be used by the algorithm when Actual Steps Per
`
`Second > Base Steps Per Second
`
`N2 = ((82 Stride* Sl Steps Per Second) - (Sl Stride* Sl Steps Per Second))
`
`I (S 1 Stride (S2 ~teps Per Second - S 1 Steps Per Second))
`
`10
`
`This value c~ be calculated since the distance is known, and both a Fast Stride
`
`Length (S2 Stride) and a Fast Steps Per Second (S2 Steps Per Second) can be
`
`calculated from the second sample.
`
`Following completion of the fast run or walk, the user runs the same course and
`
`the same distance at a slower than normal run or walking pace. This pace cannot exceed
`
`15
`
`the first sainple pace. This is the S3 sample. The purpose of the S3 sample is to calculate
`
`an N3 value for each individual which reflects the effect a decrease in Steps Per Second
`
`has on this individual's stride length. Some indi~dual's steps will shorten more than others
`
`as Steps Per Second decreases, and by finding the value for N3, this relative decrease can
`
`be quantified for a more accurate and customized algorithm for each individual.
`
`20
`
`S3 SAMPLE:
`
`To find the N3 value, which will be used by the algorithm when Actual Steps Per
`
`Second <Base Steps Per Second .
`.
`. N3=((S3 Stride:* Sl Steps Per Second) - (Sl Stride* Sl Steps Per Second)) I
`
`(Sl Stride (S2 Steps Per ~·econd- Sl Steps Per Second))
`
`25
`
`This value can be calculated since the distance is known and both a "Slow" Stride
`'
`Length (S3' Stride) and a '.'Slow" Steps Per Second (S3 Steps Per Second) can be
`
`calculated from the fuird sample.
`
`Once these three samples are completed and the information automatically
`
`calculated and stored in the data processor 30, then the following formula can be used for
`
`30
`
`the most accurate measurements of speed and distance.
`
`8
`
`\
`
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`TomTom Exhibit 1009, Page 17 of 92
`
`

`

`If:
`
`Actual St~-s Per ·second is less than or equal to Base Steps Per
`
`-Second
`
`Then:
`
`Stride Length= Base Stride+ Base Stride*(((Actual Steps. Per Second - Base
`
`s
`
`Steps Per Second)N)/Base Steps Per Second)
`
`And N = N3 (Stored Value)
`
`If:
`
`Actual Steps Per Second > Base Steps Per Second
`
`Then:
`
`Stride Length= Base Stride+ Base Stride*(((Actual Steps Per Second - Base
`
`10
`
`Steps Per Second)N)/Base Steps Per Second)
`
`And N = N2 (Stored Value)
`
`This third option for calculating stride length, and subsequently distance, speed,
`
`and pace, is a far more accurate method than a fixed stride length pedometer. This device
`
`and method are also practical, convenient, and has a relatively low manufacturing cost. If
`
`15
`
`an individual's nlnning or walking style is progressing with training and practice (as seen
`
`by significantly improved times), then it may be beneficial for them to recalibrate their
`
`device by repeating the three samples every 3 to 6 months. If there are no significant
`
`improvements in time, then recalibration is not necessary.
`
`It is noted that any single stride length or pace discussed above can in fact be an
`
`20
`
`average of a plurality of stride lengths or rates from test runs to further refine ~ccuracy in
`
`the calculations of actual stride data
`
`Other variations on this device could also mcorporate an altimeter which measures
`
`changes in elevation. The stride length could then be adjusted (shortened) when elevation
`
`is increasing, and lengthened wl;ien elevation is decreasing. This adjustment could be done
`
`25
`
`with an average value, as we used in setting option 2, or with a derived value by running
`
`or walking river a lmown distance on a hilly course. This device can use two batteries so
`
`that the calibration data is not lost when the batteries are replaced one at a time.
`.
`'
`.
`-Once the actual stride length is caiculated for a given period of time, the value can
`
`be multiplied by the number of strides