`
`:::i
`
`•z
`f)i
`"'
`0
`"' ~
`~~ :g' u
`ii:
`·en
`N
`Ci.i
`en s
`,...:g u
`Ill w
`:::>
`0
`en
`~
`
`•Ii f'
`',. I':><;/
`,,. rh
`
`'
`
`\ ,_
`
`PATENT NUMBER
`
`U.S. U l~ift PATENT APPLICATION
`.:.-: t'"'
`i()lii 'P' E
`PATENT DATE
`. JAN 1 6 ZOOl
`• .,:c.. • '
`SCANNED~Q:A.' ~\~
`
`.
`
`SECTOR . CLASS
`
`SUBCLASS
`2 Lf. 7.., !!~
`
`~RT UNIT
`
`EXAMINER
`.
`I
`j
`.
`.
`v-~u._ M ~ . ..:; c. "°-I·
`FILED VVITH: D DISK (CRF) D FICHE
`
`• A
`
`... ,. .
`
`'•(Attached In pocket on right Inside flap)
`
`',:.-'.;,
`
`...
`
`·--
`PREPARED A'ND'~AF'PROVED FOR ISSUE
`. .
`_.....
`
`.
`
`'
`
`-
`
`· -.;
`
`_.....,. ..
`
`i.
`
`·I.
`
`. _,_
`
`'
`
`/
`
`/"'
`
`,,_
`-.»'·!< -
`-·
`•
`ISSUING CLASSIFICATION
`-··
`
`'
`
`CROSS REFERENCE(S)
`
`CLASS
`
`'
`
`.'
`
`SUBCLA$S (ONE SUBCLASS PER BLOCK)
`,.
`
`..
`/. ~/ £:.
`/ V I(
`l
`\._.../' /. v ~
`
`,........
`
`.
`
`/f
`
`..
`
`l
`
`I
`I
`
`~
`
`'
`
`..
`
`o· Continued on Issue Slip lnsi.de File Jacket
`
`,
`,
`D~WINGS ;•"'
`·FigS:-~ Print Fig.
`
`,~<l. " . __ .(,-/
`
`CLAIMS ALLOWEE?,,--· - •
`
`~
`
`. ~.....-"Fotal Clai~,,. ·
`. '
`·5~3
`
`Prlnt Claim for O.G.
`
`)
`
`'
`
`I
`ORl_91rQL
`CL~
`SUBCLASS
`2<-/. ~
`~,> 17
`INTERNATIONAh CLASSlf'.ICATION
`G- o I c
`2./
`
`.•••
`11'
`- ~· ..
`rt , .•
`ii.
`'
`:\
`
`I oo
`I
`/ .
`/
`I
`//
`
`.,,.
`
`.-··-
`,/'
`
`·.
`
`D TERMINAL
`
`DISCLAIMER
`
`' ·!iil~
`•,
`. '
`_,;~ ·.o a~;rhe term of this patent
`
`·.
`
`...
`
`(date)
`
`:. subsequent to
`has been dlsclair:ned.
`D b) The term of this patent shall
`not extend beyond the expiration date
`of y.s Patent. No. - - . , . - - - -
`
`Date Paid ;
`
`0 c) The temiinal __ -'months of
`this patent have been disclaimed.-
`
`WARNING:
`The information dls9losed herein may be restricted. Unauthorized disclosure may be prohibited by the United States Code Tiiie 35; Sections 122, 181 and 368.
`Possession outside the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office Is restricted to authorized employees and contractors only.
`
`Form PT0-436A
`(Rev. 6/98)
`
`Forma1 i..traw1ngs L_snts) •-~·' F .
`· R5gw.e ee
`
`(LABEL AREA)
`
`.,,
`,.
`
`/C::Al"'C::\
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 1 of 128
`
`
`
`--------~·· --·--·---·- - =~· _____ .!.• .~- ~:. -~
`PATENT APPLICATION
`~
`
`'
`
`I llllll lllll lllll 111111111111111111111111111111111
`09181738
`..
`
`.
`
`-
`
`· rec;.'!ived··
`(Incl. c. 'ot M.)
`.or
`Date Mailed
`
`·"
`
`..
`
`• ..,z.
`.""f
`
`i: ~ ,.
`lP
`( •
`:J
`Date received
`(Incl. C. of M.)
`or
`Date Mailed
`
`/
`INITIALS~
`NOV ~;,,l9. ·a ·~~ 5_
`, ,..~ ·~t~~ ,
`~ . ~?~. r~~G~~ .~ r-
`'
`l !"""" .,.~,11. ~1,;"
`II '°'~-;i'
`,•
`4-.'t
`
`•
`
`~
`.._
`
`42'. _ __ __ __ _ _
`
`43. ____ ____ _
`
`44. - - - - - - - - - - - - -
`45. - - - - - - - - -4"-
`
`46. - - - - - ' " - - - - - - - -
`
`,.
`
`47. - - - - - - - ' - - - -
`48. _ _ __ _ __ _ _
`
`49. _ __ __ __ _ _
`
`50. _ __ __ __ _ _
`
`51. _ __ __ __ _ _
`
`52. - - - - - - - - - ' - -
`
`53 · - - - - -+ - - - - -
`
`·•·
`
`57.
`
`58.
`
`59.
`
`60.
`
`61.
`
`62.
`
`63.
`
`64.
`
`65.
`
`66.
`
`67.
`
`68.
`
`69.
`
`70.
`
`71.
`
`72.
`
`73.
`14.
`75.
`
`76.
`
`77.
`
`78.
`
`79.
`
`80.
`
`81.
`
`82.
`
`(Lk:-r OUTSIDE)
`
`- · ! -
`
`r
`
`17.
`
`18.
`
`19.
`
`20.
`
`21.
`
`22.
`
`23'.
`
`24.
`
`25.
`
`~6.
`
`27.
`
`28.
`
`29.
`
`30.
`
`31.
`
`32.
`
`33.
`
`34 . .
`
`35.
`
`36~ .
`
`37.
`
`38.
`
`39.
`
`40.
`
`41.
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 2 of 128
`
`
`
`"--•
`
`. .:... .. L--..._:_.
`·--...._
`
`'
`
`'~
`
`-
`
`-
`
`- -
`. ·~·
`
`(INCLUDING SEARCH STRATEGY)
`
`-·
`SEARCH NOTES
`SEARCHED
`Exm~ ~~.i · 4:-;-t -sr
`
`Date
`lj2y/i>J
`
`;'
`
`k
`
`Sub.
`
`Class
`J77
`l.L{, z_
`J -5j. w
`
`-
`
`Date
`"
`.
`.
`-~
`t/iy/oo
`
`,
`
`'
`
`'
`
`Exmr.
`
`~r_;j
`
`....
`
`J
`•
`r ~ 1' -·'Y" •
`>11~- "if.
`-~;.
`. .
`I' I.
`·-
`
`0 /zo/oo H(t..J.
`
`·'
`
`_,..
`/,.,.
`;/
`
`r
`
`... , . ...
`
`'
`
`.
`
`•
`
`•
`
`'
`
`j
`
`INTERFERENCE SEAl~CHED
`-Sub.
`Date I Exnu.
`Class
`c,,h.,)ot:l
`2'-l. 'Z...
`
`"!l11
`
`-
`
`J
`\f'1~"" -
`
`.J
`
`...
`
`.. ,
`.....
`' .
`
`(RIGHT OUTSIDE)
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 3 of 128
`
`
`
`ISSUE ~LIP STAPLE AREA (for additional cross references)
`J - .
`
`. •
`-T------...-----.. --· ·-----.....--------.
`ID_NO.
`INITIALS
`DATE
`
`POSmON
`
`FE.E DETERMINATION
`0.1.P.E. CLASSIFIER
`FORMALITY REVIEW
`
`L;
`
`INDEX OF CLAIMS
`................................. Rejected
`·N ................................. Non-elected
`................................. Allowed
`I
`................................. Interference
`(Through numeral) ... . Canceled
`A ................................. Appeal
`.. ............................... Restricted
`0 .... : ............................ Objected
`
`"
`=
`
`•
`
`Claim
`
`Date
`
`Claim
`
`Date
`
`I
`
`•
`
`.
`
`iii
`c
`"61
`~
`5
`51
`52
`53
`54
`55
`56
`57
`58
`59
`60
`61 .
`62
`63
`64
`65
`66
`67
`68
`69
`70
`71
`72
`73
`74
`75
`76
`n
`78
`79
`80
`81
`82
`83
`84
`85
`86
`87
`88
`89
`90
`91
`92
`93
`94
`95
`96
`97
`98
`99
`~oc
`
`1>'
`
`Si
`
`v ... ~,~H--+-:,-+-+-t--+-+-+-+---1
`..
`
`~? 15
`
`. ,~ 11
`b 18
`I 19
`i 20
`
`10 22
`1 i 2,3
`12.. 24
`l'· I? 25
`
`' \
`
`, ..
`
`............ ___.__.___.___._ _________ ~
`
`\$" 27 .,
`~·· Jlo 28
`i1 29
`IS 30
`Jq 31
`. .:.~ 32
`21 133
`2."Z. 34
`
`\~ SJ 37
`
`12.~ 41
`
`!'; I 43
`
`46
`47
`48
`49
`. 50
`
`Date
`
`Claim
`
`iii
`c
`"61
`~
`·c
`u:: 0
`101
`1
`
`105
`106
`107
`106
`
`·.
`
`0.
`
`If more than 1 sp claims or 10 actions
`staple additional sheet here
`
`(LEFT INSIDE)
`
`........
`\
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 4 of 128
`
`
`
`_ .. _ ··--~-._...·- __________ .. ~ .... -~ - . .,------- - - -"" --- ·~-=-·- --
`
`·-
`
`( ~r,
`
`~ ·
`
`I
`
`,/'
`,•~.;.· - .
`...
`,, .
`
`~-JI
`
`~
`
`.
`
`.
`.
`
`PATENT APPLICATIG>N SERJA+, NO . - - - - - - - -
`
`.
`U.S. DEPAR~ OF COMMERCE
`.
`PATENt~AND1 TRADEMARK OFFICE
`FEE ·:REc~RD- SHEET
`
`\
`
`18'1.ft7il·
`11103/1991 emmtll"OOllMl027' ll,OJ!o
`·ilti'0011P·
`Ot ·FCl101
`02 .FC1102
`03 FC1103
`
`,_
`
`PT0-1556
`
`(
`
`LI
`
`·-(-5/-87_) ___ __ _____ ___!..:.___;..--: .___________ _ __
`
`-
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 5 of 128
`
`
`
`.: . '
`
`SERIAL NUMBER
`
`_ FILING DATE
`
`09/181,738
`
`10/28/1998
`
`377
`
`Printed 10/28/2000
`
`l GROUP ART UNIT
`
`2816
`
`ATTORNEY DOCKET NO
`
`EPIXINC-4
`
`APPLICANT
`NATHAN PYLES, LAKE MILLS, WISCONSIN; JOEL- M MACHT, REECEVILL~!
`WISCONSIN; CHEN-SHUI JUNG, TAIPEI, TAIWAN.
`-
`
`.~- ...
`
`**CONTINUING DOMESTIC DATA***********************
`VERIFIED
`
`**371 (NAT'L STAGE)
`VERIFIED
`
`DATA*********************
`
`I ·- -
`
`**FOREIGN APPLICATIONS********** ** ***********
`VERIFIED
`
`\
`
`FOREIGN FILING LICENSE GRANTED 11/13/1998
`
`SMALL ENTITY
`
`--
`
`··-
`
`' ..
`
`) 1.I
`
`,
`
`\.
`
`0 yes 0 no
`Foreign priority claimed
`35 USC 119 (a-d) conditions met 0 yes 0 no 0 Met after Allowance
`
`Verified and acknowledged .
`
`Examiner's Name
`
`Initials
`
`_.
`
`ADDRESS
`LATHROP & CLARK LLP
`740 REGENT STREET SUITE 400
`P.O. BOX 1507
`·
`MADISON
`, WI . 53701-1507
`
`SlfATE OR
`COUNTRY
`
`SHEETS
`DRAWINGS
`
`~· ~
`
`TOTAL
`CLAIMS.
`
`INDEPENDENT
`CLAIMS
`
`45
`
`5
`
`...
`'
`
`i .
`
`--
`
`.l
`
`___ j
`
`[
`
`1~~TER
`
`FILING FEE
`RECEIVED
`
`$*1569
`
`FEES: Authority has been given in Paper
`No.
`to charge/credit DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
`'NO.
`for the following:
`-
`
`2 of2
`
`,,
`
`0 All Fees
`0 1.16 Fees (Filing)
`0 1.17 Fees (Processing Ext. of Time)
`0 1.18 Fees (Issue)
`OOther ___ _
`0 Credit
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 6 of 128
`
`
`
`,.-,.•
`r-;--i+
`• · ,.,.-< ,,.
`• .
`.
`PTO/SB/OS (12/97)
`·
`.
`L::::...J
`Please type a plus sign ( +) UlStde thi~,' \~
`\pproved for use through 09/30/00. OMB 065 l-0032fr
`.fuuic. Office: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`.
`Patent and <.
`"
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of i9;s, no persons are required to respond to a collection ofinf~ation unless it displays a valid OMB control number
`UTILITY
`AttomeyDocketNo. EPIXINC-
`TotalPages
`g i
`4
`PATENT APPLICATION
`· -
`First Named Inventor or Application Identifiar·· .' -
`TRANSJvlITT AL
`,.
`Nathan Pyles
`(Only for new nonprovisional applications under 37 CFR l.S3(b)) Express Mail Label No.
`APPLICATION ELEMENTS
`
`--- -1\
`
`EM164411845US
`
`ADDRESS TO:
`
`. ;
`
`I
`
`'
`
`\
`
`6.
`
`] 7.
`1
`
`See MPEP cha ter 600 concerning utili
`1. X
`Fee Transmittal Form
`
`atent ap lication contents.
`
`(mbnllt on original, oru! a dupli"te fm re. 1'1ng)
`
`2.
`
`X
`
`[Total Pages 19
`Specification
`(preferred arrangement set forth below)
`- Descriptive title of the Invention
`- Cross References to Related Applications
`- Statement Regarding Fed sponsored R&D
`- Reference to Microfiche Appendix
`- Background of the Invention
`- Brief Summary of the Invention
`- BriefDescription of the Drawings (if filed)
`- Detailed Description
`- Claim(s)
`-Abstract of the Disclosure
`3. ~ Drawing(s) (356 USC 113)
`4. Oath or Declaration
`
`8.
`
`9.
`[Total Sheets Q::J ] 10.
`[Total Pages L__j ] 11.
`
`Assistant Commissioner for
`Box Patent Application
`Washin n, DC 20231
`Microfiche Computer Program (Appendix)
`
`Nucleotide and/or Amino Acid Sequence Submission
`(if a plicable, all necessary)
`a.
`Computer Readable Copy
`
`Paper Copy (identical to computer copy)
`
`c.
`
`Statement verifying identity of above copies
`
`ACCOMPANYING APPLICATION PARTS
`
`Assignment Papers (cover sheet & document(s))
`
`37 CFR 3.73(b) Statement D Power of
`
`Attorney .
`(when there is an assignee)
`English Translation Document[]' f applicable)
`Copies of IDS
`Information Disclosure
`Statement (IDS)/PT0-1449
`Citations
`Preliminary Amendment
`Return Receipt Postcard (MPEP 503) (
`(Should be specifirly rmized)
`Statement filed in prior
`application, Status still
`proper and desired
`
`Statement(s)
`
`a. DNewly executed (original or copy)
`b.
`Copy from a prior application (37 CFR 1.63(d))
`(for continuation/divisional with Box 17 completed)
`[Note Box 5 below]
`
`12.
`13. X
`
`14. D Small Entity
`15. D Certified Copy of Priority Document(s)
`16. D Other: - - - - - - - - - - - - -
`
`D i. DELETION OF INVENTOR(S)
`
`CK]
`
`Signed statement attached deleting inventor(s)
`named in the prior application, see 37 CFR
`L63(d)(2) and 1.33(b).
`Incorporation By Reference (useable ifEox 4b is checked).
`The entire disclosure of the prior application, from which
`a copy of the oath or declaration is supplied under Box
`4b, is considered as being part of the disclosure of the
`accompanying application and is hereby incorporated by
`reference therein.
`17. If a CONTINUING APPLICATION, check appropriate box and supply the requisite information:
`Continuation
`Divisional
`Continuation-in- art CIP
`of rior a
`lication No.:
`18. CORRESPONDENCE 'ADDRESS
`t--~~~~~~~~~~~~~--..----------------------------------.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~---t
`I
`-
`I
`· 020, 455
`I
`Customer Number or Bar Code Label I ·(Insert Custofuer No. or Attach bar code label here)
`t--~~~~-..-~~~~~~~~_,..-----------------------------------~~~~~~~~~~~~~---t
`
`(if foreign priority is claimed)
`
`I
`
`or D Coi:respondence·addressbelow
`
`Name
`
`Address
`
`Zip Code
`Fax
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 7 of 128
`
`
`
`ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
`
`The pedometer having improved accuracy by calculating actual stride lengths
`-
`.
`of a user based on relative stride rates. The pedometer includes a waist or leg
`
`mounted stride counter, a transmi~er for transmitting data to a wrist-mounted display
`
`s
`
`. unit, and a data processor for calculating necessary base u~ts. and actual stride rates
`
`and lengths. The pedometer can also interact with a heart monitoring device.
`
`·.: .
`. •.
`
`~
`~' \
`~'
`~I
`w1
`
`I
`19
`
`\
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 8 of 128
`
`
`
`The undersigned hereby certifln lhlt this
`document it be"1I ~~the United
`?® ·~ - -
`States Poltll·llrvlce todly
`. .
`11:ib, the ........ Miii"' ....... ..Wzlng
`.,,,_ .... ._. ....... §.Ml(ef'C/l&'f?<JS
`1ddrHHCI i.: A.ilt1n1 C.-11111• for
`,.......Wllhil ...... o.c.... '
`~~~~ W. S,.., rrH
`
`w
`~
`~ w
`~l ... w
`00
`
`i:
`f=
`
`E
`
`~ :
`
`ffi
`~
`
`A = rw
`~ w
`
`PEDOMETER -
`
`Nathan Pyles Joel M. Macht Chen Shui-Jung
`
`FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates generally to pedometers having a waist mounted
`
`5
`
`stride-counting device and transmitter,<(and a wrist-mounted receiver and display. The
`
`invention also relates to a distance calculation device that calculates a distance
`
`walked or run based on an algorithm that converts a base stride length and a base
`
`stride rate to an actual stride length for use in calculating the distance traveled.
`
`Pedometers are ]piown which include devices· or algorithms for determining
`
`10
`
`the distance a person travels on foot. For example, U.S. Patent 4,371,945 discloses
`
`an electronic pedometer that calculates distance by electronically measuring the
`
`length of each stride taken by a user. Stride length is measured by ultrasonic waves
`
`generated by an ultrasonic module strapped to one leg and an ultra:s~nic detector
`
`I
`•. • 15
`
`worn on th~ other leg. A program compensates for a variety of measurement errors
`.
`.
`and the results are displayed on a wrist-mounted display after being transmitted by
`
`VHF waves from the leg to the wrist.
`
`1
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 9 of 128
`
`
`
`: ~ .
`
`El .
`~ \
`
`~ w
`
`;
`
`=·
`~ = -·
`rE;J
`
`·--')
`
`U.S. Patent 4, 771,394 discloses a computer shoe with a heel-mounted
`
`electronic device with an inertia footstrike counter, a timer, a sound generating
`
`device, a battery, and a gate array for counting time and footstrikes to calculate
`
`distance and running time as a function of stride time. Although recognizing the
`
`5
`
`important relationship of stride length and foot speed, the .. ~~~e in this pat~p.t requires
`
`data from at least 15 test runs or walks and the data must be user-entered in pairs of
`
`footstrikes and elapsed time to cover a pre-determined distance. Further, user
`
`adjustments of time must be performed to accommodate start and stop times, and the
`
`number of counted footstrikes is increased one percent to overcome inherent errors
`
`10
`
`in the inertia step counter. The shoe-mounted device is subject to damage from
`
`impact, dirt, and water, and requires a stay-at-home computer with which to
`
`interface. There is no means disclosed to transmit data to a wrist-mounted display
`
`device or an "on~board" computing device that provides "real time" data to a runner.
`
`U.S. Patent 4,855,942 discloses a pedometer and calorie measuring device
`
`15
`
`that includes a wrist-mounted step counter and a fixed stride length to .calculate
`
`distance traveled. Wrist-mounted step counters are known to be inaccurate because
`
`they assume a step for every arm movement. Even with error correction, such a
`
`device will provide less accurate step counts than a leg or waist-mounted counter.
`
`Further, fixed stride lengths do not take into account the fact that stride length varies
`
`20
`
`with rate of movement.
`
`U.S. Patent 5, 117,444 discloses a pedometer and calibration method with two
`
`calibration modes. First, a user travels a predetermined "half-distance" for the device
`
`to count and store the number of strides in that distance. Next, the user travels a
`
`second distance with th~ step counter comparing actual steps to the steps in memory
`
`25
`
`and a current trip memofy are incremented by a tenth of a "whole unit" distance.
`
`There is no correlation between ~tride length and stride rate which requires the user ·
`
`to re-calibrate the device when walking as opposed to running.
`
`U.S. Patent 5,475, ?25 discloses a pulse meter with pedometer function to
`
`determine pace and pulse rate of a user. The meter uses pulse wave base data
`
`30
`
`compared to actual pulse wave data rates.
`
`U.S. Patent 5,476,427 discloses a pace display device utilizing a base rate for
`
`2
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 10 of 128
`
`
`
`traveling pre-set distances in successive trails. The device calculates step counts and
`
`rates, and compares actual step count rates to display data to a user for comparison
`~f present running rates to previous ·rates.
`Thus, 'there is a need for a simple, but highly accurate, pedometer that
`
`s
`
`displays distance traveled, pace, speed, heart rate, and other important info~ation on
`
`an easily read wrist-mounted device.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention overcomes problems and shortcomings in the prior art
`
`by providing a device that includes a waist, chest, or leg-mounted stride counting ·
`
`10
`
`device, a transmitter, and a wrist-mounted receiver/display device that provides
`
`highly accurate travel distances and other information. The device includes a
`
`computer that stores base stride length and rate data from traveling a pre-determined
`
`distance and compares that to actual stride rate data to calculate actual distance
`
`traveled, .speed, and pace. The invention recognizes the interdependency of stride
`.
`length and stride rate and uses that relationship to provide superior distance-
`
`'
`
`15
`
`calculating accuracy.
`
`= :..=.!
`
`The invention also provides for improved display of relevant data on a wrist(cid:173)
`
`mounted display that receives digital signals from devices worn on other body parts
`
`such as legs, waist, and chest. Transmitters that can send coded signals are desirable
`because they will not interfere with similar devices worn by other users in the vicinity.
`
`20
`
`The accuracy of the device is enhanced by the use of an algorithm that adjusts
`
`a base stride length based on actual stride rates. The algorithm is defined as: Actual
`
`Stride Length= Base Stride Length+ Base Stride Length *(((Actual Stride Rate -
`
`J3ase Stride Rate) N)/Base Stride Rate); where N is ~ither an average value or a
`-
`derived value from a plurality of samples.
`
`2s
`
`The invention also includes. a method for calculating an actual stride length
`
`including steps of: timing a first user run of a predetermined distance; counting the
`
`total number of strides in the user first run; dividing the first run distance by the stride
`
`30
`
`count to obtain a base stride length; dividing the · stride count by the first run time to
`obtain a-base stride rat~; counting strides during a user's second run to obtain ari
`actual stride rate; calculating the actual stride length using the formula: Actual Stride
`
`I
`
`3
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 11 of 128
`
`
`
`·:
`
`,-.
`
`~ ·,
`0
`~ w
`
`:
`z:
`F'
`
`
`
`: ;-• !
`
`'''"
`i ;J
`
`= w
`
`Length = Base Stride L~ngth + Base Stride Length
`*(((Actual Stride R.8.te -Base Stride Rate )N)/Base Stride Rate); wherein N is an
`
`average value or a derived value.
`
`The average value method can be refined by comparing Base Stride Rate to
`
`5
`
`Actual Stride Rate to determine a percentage difference; and using N= 1 when the
`Actual Stride Rate =5 Base Stride Rate * 1.02 and using N=3 when Actual Stride Rate
`>Base Stride Rate * 1.02. A preferred embodiment uses a plurality of sample runs
`over known distances to derive an accurate N value for each individual/ .
`/ "
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWlNGS
`
`1 o
`
`Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pedometer in accordance with the present
`
`invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWlNGS
`
`As illustrated;in Fig. 1, the present invention is directed to an improved
`
`pedometer 20 including: a waist, chest, or leg mounted stride counter 24, and a wrist
`
`15
`
`or waist mounted display unit 26. An optional chest-mounted heart monitor 28 can
`
`be included. All of the device components are mounted in suitable housings. The
`
`pedometer 20 includes a data processor 30 that is mounted in the same housing as
`
`either the step counter 24 or the display unit 26.
`
`The step counter 24 is an inertia device that counts the number of steps a user
`
`20
`
`takes. The number. of ~teps is transmitted to a data archive 32 either directly or via a
`
`transmitter 34. The data archive 32 is mounted in the housing with the step counter
`
`24 or the display 26.
`'
`The transmitter 34 is mounted in the step counter housing and is preferably an
`
`Rf telemetric signal tr ansmitter with a 30 inches to 36 inches transmission range.
`
`25
`
`Alternately, the transmitter is a wireless or wired digital transmitter with a coding
`- .
`function to limit or eliminate interference with other similar devices. The wireless
`
`transmission range is set between 30 inches and 36 inches to provide adequate range
`
`to transmit signals from a user's waist to wrist, but not so far as to cause interference
`
`with other Rf or digital devices in the vicinity.
`
`·
`
`,·
`
`30
`
`The transmitter''34 transmits either raw data or calculated distances, pace, etc.
`
`to a wrist-i:nounted display unit receiver 40. The receiver 40 relays a raw data signal
`
`4
`
`-"
`
`
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 12 of 128
`
`
`
`·'
`
`''"'\
`
`to the data processor 30 or a calculated data_ signal directly to the display panel 42,
`
`such as an LCD or LED.
`
`Similarly, the heart rate monitor 28 includes a transmitter 44 that transmits
`
`heart rate data to the display unit 26. The heart monitor transmitter 44 can transmit at
`
`s
`
`the same or a different frequency as the stride counter 24, and to the· same or a
`' .
`different receiver in the display unit 26. The heart rate transmitter 44 is preferably Rf,
`
`-~
`
`but can be digital for the reasons stated above. The range of the heart rate transmitter
`
`44 should also be between 30 inches and 36 inches to ensure effective communication
`
`with the receiver while limiting outside interference.
`
`10
`
`The data processor 30 ·can also include a programmable logic controller, a
`
`personal computer, a programmable read-only memory, or other suitable processor.
`
`The data processor 30 includes a data archive 32 to store historic data on stride
`
`length and pace to be used in an algorithm for calculating actual distances, speed; and
`
`rate for real-time conversion of data to useful information for a user.
`
`16
`
`The data processor 30 can also include close~ loop or fuzzy logic
`
`programming to continually or periodically replace the base stride rate and length
`
`with recently calculated stride rates and lengths so that long term conditioning trends
`
`are accommodated in the base stride archive. Incorporating trend capabilities may
`
`:further enhance accuracy of the distance and pace calculations.
`
`20
`
`The display unit 26 also includes an operator interface 46 such as a key pad,
`
`button, knob, etc. that enables the user to start and stop a clock 48 (or stop watch)
`
`and activate various use modes within the pedometer, such as a sampling mode and
`
`operation mode.
`
`One option for using the pedometer 20, requires the user to operate a
`
`2s
`
`"sampling mode" and begin walking or running a pre-determined distance such as a
`
`mile or 1600 meters, preferably o~ a running track of a known size. Upon completion
`
`of the distance, a stop button on the operator interface 46 is pushed. The data
`
`processor 30 is programmed to then divide the distance by the number of strides
`
`counted to calculate an, average stride length. This value is stored in the data archive
`
`3o
`
`32 as the "Base Stride Length."
`
`.
`
`I
`
`Also, the data processor 30 is prograI1,lllled to divide the number of strides by
`
`5
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 13 of 128
`
`
`
`the time of the run or walk as measured by the clock 48 to arrive at a ''Base Stride
`
`Rate."
`
`The data processor 30 preferably includes programming that queries the user·
`
`about the distance to be run during the sampling mode. By providing options or
`
`s
`
`enabling the use of any distance during the sampling mode, the ped<?meter 20
`
`provides maximum flexibility for use by people of variousphysical conditions, or
`
`having access to courses of different known distances. Thus, a user may be queried to
`
`input a distance to be used in the .sampling mode and then be given a list of options
`
`such as 400 meters, 440 yards, 1600 meters, or one mile, or be asked to simply input
`any distance known to the user that will be traveled during the sampling mode.
`
`1 o
`
`The present invention makes full use of the relationship between a faster rate
`of travel and longer stride lengths. in other words, the faster a user is moving, the
`longer will be the stride length. Over the course of the run or walk, the user's step
`rate and, therefore, stride length will change and the user will cover more ground
`
`A b'i
`
`15
`
`when moving fast and less ground when moving slow.
`Clearly, using a fixed average stride length in calculating distance traveled will
`
`result .in errors using prior pedometers. This is particularly true if a user changes
`
`pace, or improves conditioning and speed to the point where the average stride length
`
`over a given run increases dramatically. The error compensators in prior devices do
`
`20
`
`not adjust for changes in pace. With the old devices, a user needed to re-calibrate
`
`periodically to be close to getting an accurate reading, and could not change pace
`
`during a workout without decreasing accuracy.
`
`To make the correction, the user activates a ''Use Mode" in which the data
`
`processor 3 0 calculates an Actual Stride Rate based on data from the stride counter
`i
`24 and the clock 48. For example, an Actual Stride Rate can be calculated every five
`
`25
`
`seconds without the user doing more than activating the " Use Mode" button, while
`
`all the calculations are performed by the data processor automatically. The
`
`percentage change between the Actual Stride Rate and the Base Stride Rate is then
`computed by the data processor 3 0 to determine an Actual Stride Length. Again, if
`the Actual Stride Rate is greater than the Base Stride Rate, the Actual Stride Length
`
`30
`
`is longer than the Base Stride Length. If the Actual Steps Per Second is lower than
`
`6
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 14 of 128
`
`
`
`the Base Steps Per Second, the Actual Stride Length is shorter than the Base Stride
`
`Length. The algorithm below provides a means for comparing the Actual and Base
`
`Stride rates to arrive at an accurate Actual Stride Length.
`
`First, a comparison between the Actual Stride Rate and the Base Stride Rate
`
`s
`
`is made to determine whether Actual Stride Rate is less than or equal to Base .Stride
`
`Rate multiplied by 1. 02. Stride Length is calculated by:
`Actual Stride Length = Base Stride Length +
`Base Stride Length *(((Actual Stride Rate - Base Stride Rate)N)/Base Stride
`
`Rate)
`
`10
`
`Where: N=I when Actual Stride Rate is less than or equal to Base Stride Rate
`
`multiplied by I. 02, and N=3 when Actual Stride Rate is greater than Base Stride Rate
`
`multiplied by I. 02, although other N values in the range of one to three can be used.
`
`The above algorithm is accurate for heel to toe activities such as walking or
`
`jogging, but is less accurate for sprinting (toe only).
`
`15
`
`A third method of calculating actual stride length uses three separate run or
`
`walk samples at three. different paces. This is the most accurate option. With this
`
`method, the N values are unique for each individual. By deriving an N value for each
`
`individual, this value more accurately reflects the actual change in stride length with a
`
`change in pace. After a proper warmup, the user completes a sample run or walk on
`the track at a normal pace. This first sample SI, will establish the Base Stride and the
`
`20
`
`Base Steps Per Second.
`
`SI SAMPLE:
`SI Stride = Base Stride = Distance I Number of Steps
`
`SI Steps Per Second or SI Steps Per Second =Base Steps Per Second =
`,
`Number of Steps Per Second
`
`25
`
`Following completion of the first run or walk at normal pace, the user runs or
`
`walks the same course and the same distance at a faster run or walking pace, but not
`
`a sprinting pace. The user should not run on his toes, but maintain the normal heel to
`
`toe jogging style. This is the S2 sample. The purj>ose of the S2 sample is to calculate
`
`,
`
`I
`
`ao
`
`an N2 value for each individual which reflects the effect an increase in Steps Per·
`Second has on this individual's stride length. Some individual's _steps will lengthen
`
`7
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 15 of 128
`
`
`
`... .
`
`: : ;-
`
`more than others as Steps Per Second increases, and by finding the value for N2, this
`
`relative increase can be quantified for a more accurate and customized algorithm for
`
`each individual.
`
`6
`
`S2 SAMPLE:
`To find the N2 value, which will be used by the algprithm when Acyual Steps
`Per Second > Base Steps Per Second
`
`N2 = ((S2 Stride* SI Steps Per Second) - (SI Stride* SI Steps Per
`Second)) I (SI Stride (S2 Steps Per Second - SI Steps Per Second))
`
`This value can be calculated since the distance is known, and both a Fast
`
`10
`
`Stride Length (S2 Stride) and a Fast Steps Per Second (S2 Steps Per Second) can be
`
`calculated from the second sample.
`
`Following completion of the fast run or walk, the user runs the same course
`
`and the same distance at a slower than normal run or walking pace. This pace cannot
`
`exceed the first sample pace. This is the S3 sample. The purpose of the S3 sample is
`
`15
`
`to calculate an N3 value for each individual which reflects the effect a decrease in
`
`Steps Per Second has on this individual's stride length. Some individual's steps will
`
`shorten more than others as Steps Per Second decreases, and by finding the value for
`
`N3, this relative decrease can be quantified for a more accurate and customized
`
`algorithm for each individual.
`
`20
`
`S3 SAMPLE:
`
`To find the N3 value, which will be used by the algorithm when Actual Steps
`
`Per Second <Base Steps Per Second.
`
`N3=((S3 Stride* SI Steps Per Second)- (SI Stride* SI Steps Per Second))
`
`/.(SI Stride (S2 Step~ Per Second - SI Steps Per Second))
`
`This value can be calculated since the distance is known and both a "Slow"
`Stride Length (S3 Stride) aiid a "Slow'' Steps Per Sec~nd (S3 Steps Per Second) can
`be calculated from the third sample.
`
`Once these three samples are completed and the information automatically
`
`•
`
`1.
`
`•
`
`used forthe most accurate measurements of speed and distance .
`
`calculated and stored in the dat~ processor 30, then tqe following fonilula can ~e
`.
`
`If:
`
`Actual Steps Per Second is less than or equal to Base Steps Per
`
`25
`
`ao
`
`8
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 16 of 128
`
`
`
`Second
`
`Then:
`
`Stride Length= Base Stride+ Base Stride*(((Actual Steps Per Second -Base
`
`Steps Per Second)N)/Base Steps Per Second)
`
`s
`
`And N = N3 (Stored Value)
`Actual Steps Per Second > Base Steps Per Second
`If:
`
`Then:
`
`Stride Length= Base Stride+ Base Stride*(((Actual Steps Per Second - Base
`
`Steps Per Second)N)/Base Steps Per Second)
`
`10
`
`And N = N2 (Stored Value)
`
`This third option for calculating stride length, and subsequently distance,
`
`speed, and pace, is a far more accurate method than a fixed stride length pedometer.
`
`This device and metliod are also practical, convenient, and has a relatively low
`
`manufacturing cost. If an individual's running or walking style is progressing with
`
`15
`
`training and practice (as seen by significantly improved times), then it may be
`
`beneficial for them to recalibrate their device by repeating the three samples every 3
`
`to 6 months. If there are no signifi~ant improvements in time, then recalibration is not
`
`necessary.
`
`It is noted that any single stride length or pace discussed above can in fact be
`
`20
`
`an average of a plurality of stride lengths or rates from test runs to :further refine
`
`accuracy in the calculations of actual _stride data.
`
`Other variations on this device could also incorporate an altimeter which
`
`measures changes in elevation. The stride length could then be adjusted (shortened)
`
`yvhen elevation is increasing, and lengthened when elevation is decreasing. This
`
`25
`
`adjustment could be done with an average value, as we used in setting option 2, or
`
`with a derived value by running or walking over a known distance on a hilly course.
`
`This device can use two batteries so that the qcilibration data is not lost when the
`
`batteries are replaced one at a time.
`
`Once the actu~ stride length is calculated for a given period of time, the value
`
`30
`
`can be multiplied by the number of strides in that period to obtain a total distance for
`
`that period to be stored in a data archive file for that particular walk or run and added
`
`9
`
`TomTom Exhibit 1010, Page 17 of 128
`
`
`
`, ..
`
`.-"\
`
`to other actual stride lengths or distances for other periods in which stride length was
`
`calculated. When the run or walk is completed, the user engages the operator
`
`int~rface 46 to indicate that a total distance is to be displayed on the display unit.
`
`Preferably, there is continual display of the distance traveled.
`
`s
`
`As a result of accurately calculating distance traveled, the pedometer 20 also
`
`has the capability of calculating speed in miles per hour, for ·example or pace in
`
`minutes per mile, including average speed and pace over the course of that particular
`
`walk or run. Further, the pedometer 20 can include a port for coupling to a separate
`
`personal computer or computing device to create larger training histories, trends, etc.
`
`10
`
`Additional features ca11 include stop watches, day, date and time displays, as
`
`well as, heart rate displays as discussed above. Also, it will be underst