111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US007715413B2
`
`c12) United States Patent
`Vaziri et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 7, 715,413 B2
`May 11,2010
`
`(54) MULTI-NETWORK EXCHANGE SYSTEM
`FOR TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Faramarz Vaziri, Port Ewen, NY (US);
`Herbert R. Graefe, Patterson, NY (US);
`Xin Wang, New Paltz, NY (US);
`Andrew Pletch, Gardiner, NY (US);
`Jeffrey H. Paige, Wallkill, NY (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: eMerj, Inc., Edgewater, NJ (US)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 1474 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/972,886
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Oct. 25, 2004
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2005/0091407 Al
`
`Apr. 28, 2005
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/513,814, filed on Oct.
`23, 2003.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`H04L 12156
`(2006.01)
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 370/401; 370/353; 370/466;
`370/230
`(58) Field of Classification Search ................. 370/352,
`370/353, 395.5, 401, 466, 230, 389, 392
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`10/1998 MacMillan et al.
`6,278,707 B1
`5,991,292 A * 1111999 Focsaneanu eta!.
`10/2000 Goldman et al.
`6,134,235 A
`
`........ 370/352
`
`6,141,341 A
`6,141,345 A
`6,304,565 B1
`6,339,593 B1 *
`6,347,085 B2
`6,353,660 B1
`
`10/2000 Jones eta!.
`10/2000 Goedde! eta!.
`10/2001 Ramamurthy
`1/2002 Kikinis ....................... 370/352
`212002 Kelly
`3/2002 Burger eta!.
`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"A Flexible, Module-Based Soc-Approach for Low-Power VOIPAp(cid:173)
`plications" Fugger, eta!., 15th Annual IEEE International ASIC/SOC
`Conference, 2002, pp. 256-260, Sep. 2002.
`
`(Continued)
`
`Primary Examiner-Kwang B Yao
`Assistant Examiner-Nguyen Ngo
`(74)Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Billy J. Knowles; BKPatents,
`Inc.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A multi-network exchange system has a first type network
`(PSTN) and a second type network (Internet) and a multi(cid:173)
`network exchange bridge in communication with the first and
`second type networks for the transfer of electronic informa(cid:173)
`tion signals (telephone calls) between the first and second
`type networks. The multi-network exchange bridge apparatus
`facilitates transfer of electronic information signals to a por(cid:173)
`table access device or a gateway portal in communication
`with a node of one of second type networks from the first
`network. The multi-network exchange bridge has at least one
`multi-network instantiation device that enables the portable
`access device to function as a remote extension of the multi(cid:173)
`network exchange bridge. A fixed address translation device
`provides conversion of a first address fixedly describing a
`node of the first type network to a second address or third
`address virtually describing nodes of the second type net(cid:173)
`work.
`
`76 Claims, 27 Drawing Sheets
`
`Remote Multi-Network
`Instantiation Device
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 1
`
`

`

`US 7,715,413 B2
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4/2002 Vaziri eta!.
`6,377,570 B1
`6/2002 Jones et al.
`6,404,764 B1
`6/2002 Pelletier et al.
`6,411,704 B1
`9/2002 Schuster et a!.
`6,446,127 B1
`5/2003 Silver et al.
`6,560,457 B1
`6,628,617 B1
`9/2003 Karol eta!.
`1112003 Schuster et a!.
`6,650,901 B1
`12/2003 Thornton et al.
`6,665,293 B2
`3/2004 Dowling
`6,714,536 B1
`6,735,621 B1
`5/2004 Yoakum et al.
`6,741,695 B1
`5/2004 McConnell et a!.
`6/2004 Sidhu eta!.
`6,744,759 B1
`7,092,379 B1 * 8/2006 Singh eta!. ................. 370/352
`7,099,301 B1 * 8/2006 Sheu .......................... 370/352
`2002/0107923 A1
`8/2002 Chu eta!.
`2002/0118671 A1
`8/2002 Staples et a!.
`2003/0039238 A1 * 2/2003 Ollis eta!. .................. 370/352
`2003/0210663 A1 * 1112003 Everson eta!. .............. 370/329
`2004/0068648 A1 * 4/2004 Lewis eta!. ................. 713/153
`2004/0174864 A1
`9/2004 Klaghofer
`2004/0190498 A1
`9/2004 Kallio eta!.
`2005/0068938 A1 * 3/2005 Wang et al . ................. 370/352
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"Supplementary Services in the H.323 IP Telephony Network",
`Korpi, eta!., IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 37, Jul. 1999, pp.
`118-125.
`"Windows Netmeeting Advanced Calling Feature", found www.
`microsoft.corn/windows/NetMeeting, Oct. 2004.
`"JFFS: The Journaling Flash File System", Woodhouse, Proc. of
`Ottawa Linux Symposium, 2001, found:http://sources.redhat.com/
`jffs2/jffs2-html/jffs2-html.html, Oct. 2004.
`
`"SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC2543, Handley, et a!., The
`Internet Society, Mar. 1999, found: www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2543.
`txt?numbeF2543, Oct. 2004.
`"GZIP file format specification version4.3", RFC1952, Deutsch, The
`Internet Society, May 1996, found: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1952.
`txt?numbeF1952, Oct. 2004.
`"Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC1541, DROMS, The
`Internet Society, Oct. 1993, found: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1541.
`txt?numbeF1541, Oct. 2004.
`RFC1034,
`Facilities",
`and
`"Domain Names-Concepts
`Mockapetris, The Internet Society, Nov. 1987, found: http://www.
`ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt?numbeF1034, Oct. 2004.
`"Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 or IPv4, IPv6 and
`OSI", RFC2030, Mills, Oct. 1996, The Internet Society, found: http:/ I
`www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2030.txt?numbeF20.
`"File Transfer Protocol (FTP)", RFC959, Postel, eta!., The Internet
`Society, Oct.
`1985,
`found:
`http:/ /www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0959.
`txt?numbeF959, Oct. 2004.
`"RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", RFC1889,
`Schulzrinne, et a!., Audio-Video Transport Working Group, The
`Internet Society, Jan. 1996, found: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1889 .
`txt?numbeF1889, Oct. 2004.
`"SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, Rosenberg, eta!., The
`Internet Society, Jun. 2002, found: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.
`txt?numbeF3261, Oct. 2004.
`"Multifrequency push-button signal reception", Specification:
`ITU-T Q.24, International Telecommunications Union, Nov. 1998.
`"Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmit(cid:173)
`ting at 5.3 and6.3 kbitls", Specification ITU.T G.723.1, International
`Telecommunications Union, Nov. 1996.
`"Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies", ITU-T Rec(cid:173)
`ommendation G.711, International Telecommunications Union,
`Nov. 1988.
`Practical VoiP Using Vocal, Dang, et. a!., O'Reilly Associates, Inc.,
`Sebastopol, CA 95472, Jul. 2002.
`* cited by examiner
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 1 of27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`PSTN
`
`~--~
`~----~10
`
`Telephone
`
`Wireless
`
`Internet
`
`USB Phone
`
`45
`
`IPPHONE
`
`Figure 1
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 2 of27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`97
`
`91
`151 Address = _)
`1-(yyy) yyy-yyyy
`
`94
`
`MNES
`Bridge
`
`..... __ ...,..., ..
`
`Telephone
`D
`
`MNES
`Bridge
`
`...._ ____ Computer
`
`MNESBridge
`Configuration
`
`75
`
`Laptop
`
`Access
`
`Remote Multi-Network
`Instantiation Device
`
`Server
`
`• • •
`
`Server
`
`82
`
`Figure 2
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 4
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 3 of27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`10
`
`104
`
`Network
`Packetizer
`
`- -.,
`
`MNES birdge
`application
`software
`control & logic
`
`100
`
`r - - -
`114
`I Encoder
`1 calibration
`gain
`
`115
`
`1251
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`Decoder
`calibration
`gain
`
`124
`
`TCPIUDP
`Packetizeer
`
`Interface
`
`Speech
`decoder
`
`Comfort
`noise
`generation
`
`Jitter
`buffer
`
`122
`
`Figure 3a
`
`1181101
`
`I
`119 I
`I
`
`I , .....
`
`105
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 4 of27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`.--
`
`DAA
`
`135
`
`_L_
`
`128
`\
`I
`1 _ Transmit Diffl-----1
`I
`132
`Amplifier
`Telephone~
`1
`I -
`I
`
`interface
`
`131 ' Receive
`
`Diff -
`
`Amplifier
`
`13\
`
`CID/
`
`RING -
`
`Mux
`
`127
`
`I
`
`Transmit
`Isolation
`Amplifier
`
`129
`\
`Snoop
`Amplifier
`
`ACIDC
`
`I
`
`._ I
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`-
`
`Telephone
`set
`\
`134
`
`,
`..
`.. SL/C AC/
`..
`14- - - - - - . . . . DC 14- - - - - - -.....
`I
`133
`
`.. ...
`
`~ ~
`
`Figure 3b
`
`B
`
`125
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 6
`
`

`

`157 USB I t rfl
`
`USB
`
`h
`
`~50' 1'
`
`152,
`
`Flash
`memory
`
`' ne ace
`..
`--....
`-
`-
`
`155
`
`- ll
`
`WAN
`RJ
`ce 45
`lnterfa
`
`153,
`
`- ...
`..... - Phy
`
`Eth1
`
`...
`--
`
`CPU
`
`~~
`
`[158
`
`~ SDRAM
`
`r159
`
`~ --
`
`Eth2
`Phy
`
`r r--1
`RJ
`......... 45
`
`61
`
`LAN
`nterface
`I
`
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`0
`
`154,
`
`151 ' - ,,
`
`r16o
`
`_,_
`
`156
`
`~
`
`e 11
`Phone Lin
`
`RJ - .. DAA - ...
`..... -
`- ....
`
`DSP
`
`.. SLIC -....
`- ....
`
`.....
`
`...
`
`....
`
`1--162
`
`(
`
`PHONE
`
`nterface I
`
`RJ
`11
`
`Figure 4
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 7
`
`

`

`MNES Brid e Software
`
`207
`
`Lin""iii Kernel -
`209
`
`208
`
`210
`
`211
`
`File System
`
`Networking
`TCPIIP
`
`110
`
`Memory
`Manager
`
`Process
`anagerment
`
`U
`S
`B
`
`E
`T
`H
`1
`
`E
`T
`H
`2
`
`D
`s
`p
`
`s
`D
`R
`A
`M
`
`J
`
`c
`p
`u
`
`214
`
`215
`
`216
`
`217
`
`218
`
`F
`L
`A
`S
`H
`
`212
`
`Figure 5
`
`220
`
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`0
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 7 of27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`( Start)
`
`M"
`am
`Program
`
`+
`250 - Update config file
`+
`251 -
`
`Get list of servers
`file
`
`+
`
`-
`252
`
`253
`
`254
`
`255
`
`Parse command
`line options
`~
`Reset the SL/C
`+
`- Reset the LEDs
`+
`-
`+
`256 - Update SIP files
`+
`+
`258 - Open local sockets
`•
`
`Initialize Data
`Structures
`
`257 -
`
`Launch SIP
`
`259
`
`-
`
`Initialize DSP and
`Driver
`
`MAIN Polling Loop
`
`,_;.f~
`271
`Check telephony
`events
`
`260-
`
`+
`
`261- DTMF Digit polling
`
`262- Check SIP events
`
`+
`..
`
`Check MNES-PAD
`events
`~
`264~ Check Timers
`~
`265- Check registration
`
`263-
`
`266-
`
`267-
`
`•
`..
`
`CheckFTP
`
`Check incoming
`ring
`
`•••
`268- Ring timer polling
`•
`
`Check Hardware
`events
`
`269-
`
`271-®
`
`• F1gure 6
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 8 of27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`460
`
`PHONE Onhook
`
`462
`
`465
`
`Both are in use
`
`466
`
`Figure 7a
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 10
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 9 of27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`MNES-PAD
`calling
`Phone
`r 4~7
`Stop ring
`phone
`
`-
`
`...
`Phone
`is on
`hook
`,, 4f1
`
`Play "dial tone"
`on phone
`
`Incoming
`from
`PSTN
`,, 4~4
`
`Incoming
`VOIP Call
`
`Stop phone
`ring
`
`I
`
`Stop ring
`
`I
`
`Open voice
`channel
`
`Send CONNECT
`toMNES-PAD
`
`StartDTMP
`detection on
`phone
`
`Yes
`
`MNES-PAD
`connected?
`
`4~8
`
`No
`
`Send ON_HOOK to
`MNES-PAD
`.
`.
`,,
`
`..
`-
`
`479...,
`
`Turn off DTMF
`detection
`
`Open VOICe
`channel on
`PHONE
`
`Startcomm
`sockets
`
`Send CONNECTED
`
`Start passthough
`
`Start Power detection
`
`Send ONHOOK if
`MNES-PAD
`connected
`
`-'(cid:173)
`--- - -
`
`END
`
`(
`
`Figure 7b
`
`,
`
`.
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 11
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 10 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`Perform Auto(cid:173)
`Answer
`
`372
`
`Send log
`
`373
`
`END
`
`Figure 7c
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 11 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`No
`
`501
`
`Record voice
`
`503
`I
`
`504
`
`511
`
`512
`
`Figure 8
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 13
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 12 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`Remote
`network
`
`RTP
`encapsulate
`
`513
`
`Phone or PSTN
`
`DISCONNECT
`
`Close
`MNES
`
`526
`
`HEARTBEA
`T
`
`REGREQ
`
`Registered
`
`Invalid
`Password
`
`520
`
`519
`
`523
`
`524
`
`525
`
`Figure 9a
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 14
`
`

`

`PSTN
`call
`
`VOIP c l
`
`Play
`DTMF
`On Line
`
`528
`
`Encapasulate
`asRTP
`
`530
`
`532
`
`remote
`device
`
`SendMNES(cid:173)
`PAD RING
`
`523
`
`Others
`
`43
`
`Universal
`digits Process
`
`hook
`
`540
`
`start voice
`
`Send
`MNES(cid:173)
`PADBUSY
`
`SendMNES(cid:173)
`PAD
`CONNECT
`
`Initial SIP
`
`547
`
`Figure 9b
`
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`0
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 15
`
`

`

`VOIP Calling
`
`MNES-PADto
`PHONE
`
`Ring from
`MNES-PAD
`
`VOIP Call in ring
`
`548
`
`549
`
`550
`
`Figure 9c
`
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`0
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 16
`
`

`

`MNES-PAD
`ringing for
`incoming VOIP
`
`525
`
`Off Hook
`
`PHONE is attempting
`to connect to MNES(cid:173)
`PAD
`
`MNES-PAD is ringing
`for incoming PSTN call
`
`565
`
`Stop ringback
`playback
`
`561
`
`562
`
`563
`
`SendMNES(cid:173)
`PAD
`CONNECTED
`
`572
`
`573
`
`568
`
`Send MNES-PAD
`CONNECTED
`
`SendMNES(cid:173)
`PAD
`CONNECTED
`
`Figure 9d
`
`N
`
`0 ....
`
`0
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 17
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 16 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`PSTN
`mode
`
`No channel
`available
`~-----------4~~~----~
`PHONE on
`
`PHONE
`
`605
`
`613
`
`Figure 10
`
`Send SIP INVITE to Server
`
`615
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 18
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 17 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`646
`
`631
`Start
`Heartbeat
`
`Opencomm
`port
`
`629
`
`ore
`MNES(cid:173)
`PAD
`address
`
`630
`
`634
`
`Figure
`11a
`
`640
`
`644
`
`Send BUSY
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 19
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 18 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`"CANCEL"
`
`Send ON HOOK to MNES-PAD t - - - - ,
`MNES-PAD in VO/P
`645---L-------------------
`647
`
`PHONE in VO P Stop Voice
`
`PSTN
`
`649
`
`Send Ring
`back
`
`667
`
`668
`
`._:"B::.;U~Y~'t-' _;.;.;M.;.;;N.;;;;E.;;;;S..;,-P..;.A.-D...__..~ Send MNES-PAD on hook 1------~·
`
`674
`
`Send BUSY tone
`
`676
`
`PHONE or PSTN
`
`"ERROR"
`
`Figure 11b
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 20
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 19 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`START
`
`Yes
`
`700
`
`Yes
`
`DropNDD,
`And Ctrycd,
`
`699
`
`Add Country code
`add city code
`
`Country
`code
`
`698
`
`Figure 12
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 21
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 20 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`756
`Start DTMF
`Open
`....... __.~Collect digit
`Phone line ....,__.,..
`detect
`
`755
`
`760
`
`Figure
`13
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 22
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 21 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`START
`
`Poll DSP driver
`
`306
`
`Record FAX
`transmission
`
`308
`
`Figure 14
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 23
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 22 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`START
`
`300
`
`RxPower
`
`Voice
`
`Tone
`
`Silence
`
`301
`
`304
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`recording
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`305
`
`Figure 15
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 24
`
`

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`Figure 16
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`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 25
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 24 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`722
`
`SIP server14----.
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`SIP
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`723
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`(Local or 14----'
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`721
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`Figure 17
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`727
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`access
`system
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 26
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 25 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`Windows Client
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`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 27
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 26 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`BOO
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`B01
`
`B02
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`
`Figure 19
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 28
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 11,2010
`
`Sheet 27 of 27
`
`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`MULTI-NETWORK
`EXCHANGE SERVER
`ENVIRONMENT
`
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`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 29
`
`

`

`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`1
`MULTI-NETWORK EXCHANGE SYSTEM
`FOR TELEPHONY APPLICATIONS
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
`Application Ser. No. 60/513,814, Filing Date Oct. 23, 2003,
`which is herein incorporated by reference.
`1. Field of the Invention
`This invention relates generally to a communications sys(cid:173)
`tems and methods. More particularly, this invention relates to
`systems and methods for bridging between types of commu(cid:173)
`nications networks. Even more particularly, this invention
`relates to systems and methods for bridging between a public
`switched telephone network and a packet switched digital
`communications network such as the Internet.
`2. Description of Related Art
`Referring to FIG. 1, the Public Switched Telephone Net(cid:173)
`work (PSTN) 5, as is known in the art, provides an extremely
`reliable system that has been available for more than a cen(cid:173)
`tury. It is simple to operate and is used at home and office
`where telephone sets 10 are connected directly to the PSTN
`network for communication. It offers a universally under(cid:173)
`standable telephone numbering plan i.e. Country Code, City
`or Area Code and the phone number. The standard PSTN
`offers several useful calling features such as Caller Identifi(cid:173)
`cation Messages, Voice Mail and conferencing. The PSTN
`system, however, is not cost effective and does not offer the
`kind of features that are available when using a digital com(cid:173)
`munication network such as the Internet.
`The wireless telephone system 15 is not considered as
`reliable, but rather it offers mobility to the user through a
`cellular telephone 20. Alternately, the wireless telephone sys(cid:173)
`tem maybe a satellite telephone system where the telephone
`20 is not a cellular telephone but a satellite telephone. As
`structured today, the wireless system 15 is an integrated part
`of the PSTN 5 and consequently suffers from the same symp(cid:173)
`toms, i.e. lack of cost-effectiveness and accessibility features
`as those of the wired telephone system.
`The digital communication network (Internet) 25 is a net- 40
`work of computer servers 30a, ... , 30d that are intercon(cid:173)
`nected with networking hardware and software. A computer
`35 is connected through a single telephone connection com(cid:173)
`monly referred to as dial-up service or Digital Subscriber
`Lines (DSL) from the PSTN network 5 through a gateway 50 45
`to a computer server 30b. An alternate connection service for
`a computer 35 to a computer server 30b is through a Synchro(cid:173)
`nous Optical Network (SONET) network as marketed by
`cable television providers. Other network connections may
`be through networks such as a local area network such Eth- 50
`ernet, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Cable
`Modems, etc.
`Computer telephony is a multi-media computer 35 running
`an Internet telephony software solution commonly referred to
`as Voice Over IP (VoiP) that takes advantage of the personal 55
`computer 30 as the hardware platform. NetMeeting (devel(cid:173)
`oped by Microsoft, Inc., Redmond, Wash.) and similar soft(cid:173)
`ware packages are examples of computer telephony. The con(cid:173)
`versation typically takes place by using discrete speakers and
`microphone (not shown). Calling from one computer 35 to 60
`the other requires knowing static Internet protocol (IP)
`address of the other party. Otherwise, the parties need to
`register their dynamic IP address with a global computer
`server 30b.
`In an alternate configuration, the personal computer 35 is 65
`still required but an external device is a handset 40 connected
`via a network connection such as the universal serial bus
`
`35
`
`2
`(USB). Another configuration employs specially designed
`plug-in boards that support regular telephones are added to
`the computer 35. Some of these solutions continue to use
`software packages such as NetMeeting as their main engine.
`Even though this is a more attractive solution compared to the
`software only solution but it still suffers from the fact that the
`user requires a computer 35 to place a telephone call.
`Another Internet appliance includes an embedded com(cid:173)
`puter within a system and employs a telephone set. The
`10 embedded computer communicates with an Internet Service
`Provider (ISP) through the server 30b to communicate with a
`global computer server 30a, ... , 30d executing and managing
`VoiP protocols. The attached telephone set functions essen(cid:173)
`tially as the telephone 10 of the PSTN network 5, but com-
`15 municates only with the global computer server 30a, ... , 30d
`that manage and execute the VoiP protocols.
`A similar appliance is referred to as a dial-up appliance. In
`this is a solution the embedded computer uses a modem and
`an ISP account to connect to the Internet 25 each time a
`20 telephone call is made. The main problem in this type of
`approach is the relatively long connection time, the inability
`to receive calls (the unit is not online at all times) and the
`undesirable extra modem delay.
`Another development of the Internet appliance is the
`25 broadband appliance. In this instance, the Internet connection
`is broadband and thus the problems with the dial-up solution
`are resolved. The main issue here is the addressing scheme.
`Since there is no connection between the regular telephone
`number and the new appliance, a new number needs to be
`30 issued for incoming calls. The other problem stems from the
`fact that VoiP capability is only available for the telephone
`set, but not the landline. In fact there is no connection between
`the PSTN 5 connection and the broadband appliance.
`The future of telephone appears at the present time to be
`Internet protocol telephones 45. The Internet protocol tele(cid:173)
`phone 45 has an embedded computer similar to the above
`described appliances. The Internet protocol telephone 45
`includes a built in handset and feature buttons. The embedded
`computer is structured to contain all the required hardware
`and software to appear to the user as a regular telephone, with
`the exception that the Internet protocol telephone 45 commu(cid:173)
`nicates through a computer server 30d to a global computer
`server 30a, ... , 30d managing and executing the VoiP
`protocols. The Internet protocol 45 and the regular telephone
`10 are totally independent, suggesting that the user should
`own both telephone sets to take advantage of both networks 5
`and 25.
`Gateways 50 are industrial networking equipment that
`bridge between the computer servers 30a, ... , 30d and the
`PSTN 5 to provide access between the Internet 25 and the
`PSTN 5. For those computer servers 30a, ... , 30d that
`provide the management and execution of the VoiP protocols,
`the Gateways are capable of handling many simultaneous
`VoiP calls. The Gateways 50 allow users to take advantage of
`the Internet telephony while being totally transparent to the
`user. This structure allows the VoiP communications to
`appear to the user as another long distance carrier.
`Prepaid calling cards provide a user access to discounted
`providers of long-distance or toll calls services from home
`telephones 10 or public telephones by use of a toll-free num(cid:173)
`ber and password. The prepaid calling card reduces the long
`distance cost at home or when traveling. This method may or
`may not take advantage ofVoiP. The main benefit of using
`calling card is to free the user from paying for long distance
`when the long distance tolls are high (making long-distance
`calls via cell phones, from hotels, airports, etc.).
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 30
`
`

`

`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`3
`Callback Systems are a means to pass a telephone number
`to a callback center to be called back on that number. The
`callback system is a popular device where the user commands
`a callback center to call a particular phone. Once the
`addressed phone starts ringing and the user picks up the
`phone, a special dial tone is heard and dialing can get started.
`Callback systems are useful when the user prefers to avoid
`any toll cost between the originating telephone and the long
`distance service provider. In other words the cost of the
`incoming call is less than the cost of the outgoing call.
`Certain cellular telephone and personal digital assistant
`manufacturers are providing the ability for a wireless tele(cid:173)
`phone 20 to communicate wirelessly with a computer server
`30d as well as the wireless telephone network 15. The wire(cid:173)
`less telephone 20, operating in the wireless mode (WiFi) to
`communicate with the computer server 30d, uses a VoiP
`protocol for placing telephone calls through the digital com(cid:173)
`munications network (Internet) 25. If there is no wireless
`connection, the wireless telephone 20 employs the wireless
`network 15 for placing telephone calls.
`In summary, all of the above mentioned solutions can be
`categorized into three different groups:
`PSTN only Solutions, such as regular telephones, wireless
`phones, prepaid cards, callback systems, etc. These
`solutions do not take advantage of the features provided 25
`by digital networks such as the Internet.
`VoiP only solutions, such as IP phones, P.C.-based soft(cid:173)
`ware packages, etc. These solutions assign virtual PSTN
`numbers in order to route the incoming calls. Therefore,
`the attributes ofPSTN calls to real numbers (not virtual) 30
`are not transported to the Internet and vice versa.
`Telephony Gateways. These devices function based on
`knowing the static IP address of the source and destina(cid:173)
`tion and subsequently no PSTN to IP address translation
`takes place.
`It should be emphasized that none of the above solutions
`instantiates a PSTN-based telephone with other devices
`on the Internet. This inability originates from the fact
`that the existing IP solutions do not translate the PSTN
`attributes to the digital network and vice versa.
`U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,141,341 and 6,404,764 (Jones, et a!.)
`describe an Internet Protocol telephone system and method
`that uses a telephone to place and receive voice over Internet
`Protocol (VoiP)-based telephone calls and public switched
`telephone network-based telephone calls. An off-hook con- 45
`dition with the telephone is detected and a sequence of signals
`generated by the telephone is received. At least a first signal
`generated by the telephone is buffered while the system
`attempts to detect a predetermined signal that signifies a
`VoiP-based call. Upon detection of the predetermined signal, 50
`the system intercepts subsequent signals in the sequence,
`absent the at least first signal that was buffered, and places the
`VoiP-based call via an Internet. Otherwise, the system places
`the PSTN-based call via a PSTN.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,141,345 (Goedde!, eta!.) teaches a signal 55
`processing resource allocation for Internet-based telephony.
`An access platform pools different signal processing
`resources such as different types of speech-coding algo(cid:173)
`rithms. The access platform is coupled to the Internet, a
`local-exchange-carrier (LEC), and other communications 60
`facilities such as long-distance facilities. For each call
`through the access platform, one of the plurality of signal
`processing resources is allocated as a function of signal type
`either through signal detection or out-of-band signaling. For
`example, the access platform first determines if the call is an 65
`audio call or data call by detecting the type of signal. If the call
`is an audio call, the access platform switches in echo cancel-
`
`4
`ing resources. On the other hand, if the call is a data call, the
`access platform determines if a speech-coding algorithm is
`being used and, if necessary, switches in a compatible speech(cid:173)
`coding resource.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,660 (Burger, et a!.) describes a call
`screening method allows a subscriber to screen calls made to
`the subscriber from callers using the PSTN while the sub(cid:173)
`scriber uses another communications medium. An enhanced
`services platform (ESP) receives a first call from a caller using
`10 a particular public telephone number for the particular sub(cid:173)
`scriber. The ESP identifies the particular public telephone
`number for the particular subscriber. The ESP accesses a
`database storing a public telephone number and a private
`packet-based address for subscribers to retrieve a private
`15 packet-based address of the particular subscriber on the basis
`of the particular public telephone number. An introductory
`message is provided to the caller and prompts the caller to
`leave a message. The ESP accesses the particular subscriber
`based on the particular subscriber private packet-based
`20 address to establish an audio connection via the communica(cid:173)
`tion medium. The subscriber is notified of the first call. If the
`subscriber answers the call, a communication path is pro(cid:173)
`vided between the caller and the subscriber via the commu(cid:173)
`nication medium so that the subscriber may hear the caller
`leave the message but the caller does not hear or know that the
`particular subscriber is listening. The ESP connects the caller
`and the subscriber for two-way communication upon the
`authorization of the subscriber. In another embodiment, both
`the caller and the subscriber use a packet-based network. In
`another aspect of the invention, the ESP records the caller's
`voice in response to the prompt, and plays the recording to the
`subscriber if the subscriber answers the call. The ESP pro(cid:173)
`vides a method for anonymously connecting an accessing
`caller to a subscriber using a packet-based network.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,560,457 (Silver, et a!.) describes an
`enhanced call delivery system for interoperability between
`circuit switched and packet switched networks. The system
`expedites the delivery of a call originating in a circuit(cid:173)
`switched network to a mobile terminal camped on a packet-
`40 switched network. Information representing the location of
`the mobile terminal in the packet-switched network is pro(cid:173)
`vided to the circuit switched network. A call setup with the
`mobile terminal is initiated with reference to the previously
`received location information. Location-based services are
`also provided by the circuit-switched network with access to
`such mobile terminal location information.
`U.S. Patent Application 2002/0118671 (Staples, et a!.)
`Aug. 29, 2002 illustrates a communication system that
`extends office telephony and network data services to remote
`clients through the Internet. The system has a telephony
`server, a local area network, a server system, and a user
`communication device. The telephony server (e.g. a Private
`Branch Exchange) provides telephony services for a plurality
`of office lines. The local area network couples to the Internet.
`The telephony server and local area network may reside
`within an office environment. The server system couples to
`the telephony server and to the local area network. The user
`communication device establishes a first connection to the
`server system through the Internet. In response to the first
`connection, the server system automatically provides access
`for the user communication device to the telephony server.
`Also, the server system automatically invokes a call forward(cid:173)
`ing operation in response to the first connection, so that sub(cid:173)
`sequent telephone calls, intended to reach the user's office
`line, are forwarded to the server system. When the server
`system receives a first telephone call, which has been redi-
`rected by the telephony server from the user's office line, the
`
`35
`
`AT&T, Exh. 1007, p. 31
`
`

`

`US 7,715,413 B2
`
`5
`server system forwards the first telephone call to the user
`communication device through the first connection. The user
`communication device may also establish a secure data con(cid:173)
`nection to the server system through the Internet. The secure
`data connection provides the remote user with access to the
`local area network in a manner which protects the data secu(cid:173)
`rity of the local area network.
`"A Flexible, Module-Based Soc-Approach for Low-Power
`VoiP-Applications" Fugger, et a!., 15th Annual IEEE Inter(cid:173)
`national ASIC/SOC Conference, 2002, pp.: 256-260, Sep(cid:173)
`tember 2002 describes a system on chip (SoC) that is suitable
`for both conventional telephony via the public switched tele(cid:173)
`phone network (PSTN) and voice over Internet protocol
`(VoiP). A highly flexible approach offers the possibility to
`integrate several