Page 1 of 6
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011
`Samsung v. Image Processing Techs.
`
`

`
`Charcictler Recognition
`
`UMMARY ———- Photoelectric scanner analyzes printed numerals and pro-
`
`.vidcs electrical output usable in computers and other business machines.
`
`Reader recognizes 400 characters per second. Operation is independent of
`
`type style or size of number above minimum width
`
`
`
`Numerals printed by character reader
`
`By M. H. GLAUBERMAN
`
`Senior Engineer
`Laboratory for Electronics. Inc.
`Boston, Massachusetts
`
`
`
`
`
`..__j...?_._.
`DIRECTION OF
`MOTION OF
`MAGNIFIED lMAGE
`
`PHOTOCELLS
`
`DDOOMVIOI
`
`DIRECTION OF MOTION
`
`FIG. 1-Optical system of photoelectric
`scanner
`
`13;
`
`HIS READER recognizes Arabic
`Tnumerals as printed matter
`passes through it.
`Paper is not restricted as to color,
`thickness, opacity,
`roughness or
`quality.
`Ink need have no special
`qualities. The depth of the impres-
`sion on the paper is of no signifi-
`cance, and at no time does
`the
`reader come into contact with the
`paper.
`The character reader cannot read
`
`serially and sorts by successive
`passes.
`
`Photoelectric Scanner
`
`The scanner consists of a column
`
`of photocells whose outputs are
`modulated by the black portions of
`characters. The photocells are se-
`quentially gated into a common
`buffer. Figure 1A shows how a mag-
`nified image of a number is pro-
`jected on the photocells. Figure 2
`shows the scanner circuits.
`
`Table I~Pulse-Code Combination
`
`all type styles, but is not dependent
`Figure 1B shows the photocell
`on any one style. Minimum type
`outputs. The effect of sequentially
`width is approximately :1‘;
`in. for ».
`gating the outputs into a common
`the widest digit. There is no re?‘
`striction on maximum type width.‘ bmle’ is Shown in Fig IC-
`The reader is not dependent on the
`height of
`the type providing the
`size is not larger than the aperture
`of the reading station. A common
`type height is about t inch- Most
`print imperfections will not impair
`recognition.
`_. With checks moving into the
`reader at 16 per second, it recog-
`nizes 400 characters per. second.
`The reader is able to read 1,600
`characters per second, however, and
`could be made to operate at twice
`this speed.
`The reader is designed to operate
`
`Coded
`Long—Black
`Total
`Pulses Per Pulses Per Combina-
`Scan
`Scan
`tion
`10
`11
`20
`21 21’
`22
`so 30'
`31
`
`
`
`Note that the first digit of the
`coded combination represents the
`total number of black pulses per
`scan and the second digit represents
`the number of long black pulses per
`scan
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011 -
`
`February, 7956 — ELECTRONICS
`
`Page 2 of 6
`
`
`
`
`
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`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011
`Page 2 of 6
`
`

`
`—.-..---.-,_.~e.,_,‘,!!,;§.'-"5;;
`for Business Machines
`
`. -1
`
`+250V
`
`+l50V
`
`PHOTOCELL
`DELAY- LINE
`--- GATE
`
`43K
`33K
`
`COMMON
`BUFFER
`to TOTAL mo
`LONG'BLACK
`PULSE
`GENERATORS
`
`TO OTHER
`
`ELECOM DELAY
`LINE G 057
`I00): SEC TAPPED
`Evsav 2 )1 sec
`
`—n5ov
`
`READ-OUT PULSE
`
`'
`
`PULSE
`
`‘ ~.
`
`K,xLooo
`
`comrnmson PULSE
`
`.,”
`
`svsrcm no ,
`TR GGER
`“”
`-'—1
`
`0
`
`There are photocells above and
`below those required to cover the
`number to accommodate changes in
`the vertical registry. See Fig. 3.
`Each photocell is an input to a gate -
`whose other input is connected to a
`tap of a multiple-tapped delay line.
`The outputs of the gates are com-
`...._bined in the common buffer B.
`:~
`7‘.
`Each photocell is individually am-
`nected to network B by sending a
`pulse down the multiple-tapped de-
`lay line. A pulse sent down the delay
`line corresponds to a scan. No at-
`tempt
`is made to synchronize the
`start of a scan with the entry of a
`character under
`the
`column
`of
`photocells.
`The uncertainty of the start of
`the scan with respect to the edge
`of the character to be scanned is
`called
`horizontal
`registry.
`The
`character
`reader overcomes
`this
`registry problem by utilizing the
`first
`scan not
`to recognize the
`character but to tell the recognition
`circuit to look for recognition on the
`second scan.
`
`Pulse Generator
`
`The waveforms at the output of
`combining network B appear as in
`Fig. 1C. The total pulse generator
`produces one pulse for each black
`region of the number and serves as
`a noise filter in that an input pulse
`must exceed a certain width for an
`output pulse to be generated.
`The long-black pulse generator
`(see Fig. 4)
`is also a pulse-width
`detector.
`In this case a pulse must
`exceed a predetermined length for
`a long-black pulse to be generated.
`For example, a. pulse must equal or
`exceed the length shown in Fig. 1C.
`The output of
`the total pulse
`generator and of
`the long-black
`pulse generator,
`along with the
`system trigger, are next sent to the
`encoder unit. Three pulses, each
`appearing once during every scan
`Deriod, are derived from the tapped
`delay line and also sent
`to the
`encoder. These pulses, in the order
`of their time sequence, are the com- '
`parison pulse,
`the read-out pulse
`and the reset pulse.
`Six instructions constitute the
`a
`
`ELECTRONICS — February, 1956
`
`
`
`Vrf-,-_=_~¢....«...~-_.“.71,,
`
`PHOTOCELLS
`FOR VERTICAL
`REGI ST RV
`
`PHOTOCELLS
`COVERED BY
`CHARACYER
`
`PHOTOCELLS
`FOR VERTICAL
`REGIST RY
`
`SYSTEM
`mecca 9,,
`DERIVED FROM
`TRANSIT SPEED
`
`DELAY LINE
`
`
`
`TO TOTAL
`PULSE
`COUNTER
`
`TD LONG-
`arncx
`PULSE
`counrea
`
`T0
`ENCODER
`
`FIG. 3-—Scanninq station oi character reader
`
`program of the character reader.
`(1) Count the total number of
`black pulses per scan.
`(2) Count
`the number (of long-
`black pulses per scan.
`into
`(3) Combine the results
`discrete combinations as shown in
`Table I.
`(4)
`If adjacent scans are not
`identical, put the most recent scan
`into shift-register storage and shift
`the register.
`(5) If adjacent scans are iden-
`tical, put nothing into storage and
`do not shift the register.
`(6) When there is no character
`under the reading station, advance
`
`the register but put nothing into
`storage.
`~
`A block diagram of the encoding
`unit shown in Fig. 5. The system
`trigger P.. operates an electronic
`switch which routes the total pulses
`P.
`alternately
`into
`total-pulse
`counter A and total pulse counter B
`through gates G... The electronic
`switch also routes the long-black
`pulses Pu into long-black counter A
`and long-black counter B, alter-
`nately, through gates Ga.
`
`Scan Comparison
`
`in-
`Alternately switching input
`formation P. and Pu. into pairs of
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 101 1
`
`Page 3 of 6
`
`I33
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011
`Page 3 of 6
`
`

`
`
`9
` 1o _ ll
`
`
`2
`5
`. 6
`7
`8
`1st read-in
`n
`Total
`in
`Code
`lden tity
`Read-in
`
`In core row
`Z._’nd mad-m
`gird read-in
`
`______.___________;2_______.__;__
`
`Shin
`lnterrogato in core row
`D0
`no
`388
`Yes
`no
`1
`
`
`yea
`yes
`no
`2
`no
`no
`2
`no
`no
`2
`no
`no
`2
`yes
`no
`3
`no
`no
`3
`yes
`no
`4
`yes
`no
`5
`_
`yes
`—-
`6
`you
`next shift.
`7
`pulse
`yes
`yes
`x
`
`
`
`
`-«-~—~!llll
`---11:11:
`
`OO09:-IUBWNNNSBI-I
`
`identical counters provides for com-
`‘paring adjacent scans for identity.
`The counters hold the input infor-
`mation until they are reset by reset
`pulse P,, which is electronically
`switched through gates G. once each
`scan alternately to reset both B
`counters and both A counters.
`‘The comparison is accomplished
`in gates G. once each scan after the
`counters have received their input
`information and at a time de-
`termined by the comparison pulse
`P.. One of the six comparison gates
`will respond only when the input
`data P. and P.. have remained
`constant from one scan to the next.
`Scan-to-scan identity in the long-
`black counter allows the comparison
`pulse to appear at the output of
`buffer Bu. Scan-to-scan identity in
`the total-pulse counter allows the
`comparison pulse to appear in the
`
`output of buffer stage B.... A pulse
`appears‘ at the output of ‘both of
`the buffer stages only when scan-to-
`scan identity is indicated by both
`the total-pulse and the long-black
`counters. This is the necessary con-
`dition to pass the signal
`through
`gate G.
`to the identity—gate gen-
`erator.
`
`After the A and B counters have
`been compared for identity they are
`read out by read-out pulse P... If
`there has been no identity the read-
`out pulse appears at the output of
`gate G... The electronic switch then
`allows the read-out pulse to appear
`alternately at the input of the G,
`gates.
`It enables the outputs of
`either the A or the B counters to
`appear at
`the outputs of the ap-
`propriate G, gates.
`The B, buffers then show the ac-
`cumulated count per
`scan inde-
`
`pendently of whether the counts ap-
`pear in the A counters or the B
`counters. The first
`scan of
`the
`character is detected in buffer B.
`and used to generate an inhibiting
`signal whose duration is I} scan
`periods. This inhibiting signal, ap-
`plied
`to gate G. prevents
`the
`recognition of an identity on the
`first
`two scans of
`the character.
`Subsequent scans of the character
`are prevented from generating ad-
`ditional inhibiting gates by the 1&-
`character-period gate generator ap-
`plied to gate G. to disable it for the
`duration of the number.
`
`Coding
`The coded combination (Table I)
`of total-pulse and long-black count-
`ers is formed by the G,,. gates. Only
`one or none of these five combina-
`tions can appear during one scan.
`The prime combinations are ob-
`tained in the B... buffers.
`The instruction to put into stor-
`age is accomplished implicitly when-
`ever a signal appears on one of the
`five code-combination lines. The
`storage register is shifted or ad-
`vanced by the system trigger P,.
`when the trigger is enabled to ap-
`pear at the output of gate G... Sys-
`tem trigger P.. appears and the
`register is enabled to advance when
`a permissive signal appears on
`either one of the two inputs to the
`B; buffer. One input is connected
`to the identity-gate generator and
`allows the register to shift unless
`there is an identity.
`Between characters, the outputs
`' of both the total-pulse counter and
`the long-black counter are zero.
`This combination of 00 is not sensed
`for identity in the G. gates; there-
`fore no identity signal can be gen-
`erated. Also, since the code com-
`bination 00 has not been explicity
`
`TRIGGER
`TO LONG-
`BLACK
`COUNTER
`
`‘K= xu,ooo
`
`TRIGGER TO
`TOTAL PULSE
`COUNTER
`
`TOTAL - PULSE GENERATOR
`
`‘
`
`
`FIG. 4—I.onq-black pulse generulor is pulse-width detector
`
`I34
`
`S 1 February, 1956- ELEOTRONICS
`
`Page 4 of 6
`
`
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011
`Page 4 of 6
`
`

`
`.a
`
`
`
`formed in the G... gates,
`nothing to put into storage.
`Readiness for interrogation is de-
`tected in bufier B. which is con-
`
`there is
`
`nected to the seventh and last stage
`of storage. The first signal at the
`output of B. passes through gate G.
`and generates a gate whose dura-
`tion is 1% scan periods. Thisfiigate
`connected to B.. enables the register
`to advance on the next
`system
`trigger.
`Subsequent signals at the output
`of B. during the character storage
`time are prevented from passing
`through gate G. by the 11}-character-'
`period gate generator,
`the latter
`
`being energized by the system
`trigger that occurs after the first
`output signal at B.. This particular
`system trigger is broadened in the
`matrix interrogation-pulse genera-
`tor and is then used‘ in the diode
`matrix.
`
`Shift Ekegister Storage
`_ Each block in Fig. 6A represents
`'
`There
`are
`’ one ‘magnetic
`core.
`thirty=five cores arranged in five
`columns of seven each. Each of the
`five columns is used to store one of
`
`the five discrete code combinations.
`Information is always read into
`row 1 and remains in row 1 until
`
`_'
`.3
`
`a shift signal is applied whereupon
`the content of row 1 is advanced
`to row 2.
`Access to the information in the
`
`cores is available only during the
`shift-pulse time. As indicated in
`Fig. 6A, a single shift signal suflices
`to advance all thirty-five cores.
`9 Figure 6B shows
`the scanned
`character THREE. The total number
`
`of pulses T in scan one is one. There
`are no long pulses L (code 10). For
`scan two: T = 2, L = 0 for code 20.
`Scans three, four and five also yield
`code 20.
`In scans six and seven,
`T = 3, L = 0 for code 30. Scan
`eight contains only one long pulse
`
`
`
`
`
`,..v...._...,...«.-.
`
`
`
`:'x
`
`
`
`
`
`rI"‘.I/'.U'IT'\:’Il‘n_-|,.1,‘....-”,_-.‘.
`
`—
`INA N1!
`l<
`00!)! RA
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`1:HE
`
`l0lAL-H1
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`5
`
`—
`LOIC-IN)
`
`I
`
`lulllifill‘E'III
`-I-
`“-1!III-
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`llillllll
`
`35 INPUTS FROM
`THE 35 CORES OF
`THE SHIFT REGISTER
`
`DIODE MATRIX
`(eenmmam cooso '
`- STORAGE or expected
`CHARACTER)
`I
`
`35 CORE SHIFT
`REGISTER
`
`CHARACTER LINES TO
`OUTPUT DEVICE
`
`|%-SCANmm)
`cm can
`
`I‘!"CP1AIl€7El
`mm SAIE an
`
`9EiIl0D
`CAII Bill
`
`E H
`
`'liBiSltfl
`DIIVER
`
`35 SHIFT REGISTER
`CORES IN SERIES
`
`‘J~AAA.l“'8+
`
`FIG. 5-——Encodinq unit which carries out
`
`the lnstrucllom comprising the program ol the character reader
`
`ELECTRONICS —- February, 1956
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 101 1
`
`Page 5 of 6
`
`I35
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011
`Page 5 of 6
`
`

`
`30 and 11 occupy rows 7, 6 and 5.
`The blocks in Fig. 6A indicate the
`positions in storage of the four code
`combinations that result from scan-
`" ning the figure THREE. This is in
`accordance with the basic instruc-
`tions built into the character reader
`at the time the interrogation pulse
`appears to check which character
`has passed under the reading sta-
`tion. The signal derived from the
`first scan shifting out of the reg-
`ister signifies to the reader that the
`scanned character has now been
`read into a known position in stor-
`age. The register must be inter-
`rogated for recognition on the next
`system trigger.
`
`Diode Matrix
`
`The diode matrix indicated on the
`encoder block diagram of Fig. 5 is
`shown in detail in Fig. 7. It con-
`sists of five groups of vertical lines,
`seven lines per group, which can be
`interlaced as many times as there
`are characters to be recognized.
`Each of the seven vertical lines per
`group is connected to one horizontal
`row of the shift-register cores.
`The expected character configura-
`tion in a known position in the
`register
`is stored by connecting
`horizontal and vertical lines through
`gates and buffers. Take, for ex-
`ample,
`the number THREE whose
`code is 10, 20, 30, 11. When the 10‘
`is shifted out of the seventh row of
`cores the machine is instructed to
`interrogate the matrix at the time
`
`the next shift pulse occurs.-
`At this new time the 20 will be
`in core-row 7, the 30 in row 6 and
`the 11 in row 5. Referring to hori-
`zontal line A in Fig. 7, gate G. is
`formed from the first wire of the
`20 register, the second wire of the
`30 register and the third wire of
`the 11 register. The references to
`wires are respectively synonymous
`to first,
`second and third coded
`scans. The final connection to gate
`G. is the interrogation pulse.
`The output of gate ‘G.
`is called
`the THREE wire and its significance
`is that whenever the reader recog-
`nizes the number THREE a pulse
`appears on this and only this line.
`The pulse then operates terminal
`equipment such as a sorter, printer
`or accumulator.
`.
`Horizontal group B represents a
`more general case where a number
`can be represented by two sequences
`of coded scans. Recognition of the
`character yields a pulse at the out-
`put of either one of the two gates
`and the buffer combines the two
`possible output lines to a single line.
`The remaining horizontal wires
`are shown to indicate that
`the
`reader will recognize the remaining
`nine decimal digits.
`The author thanks M. Hale, S.
`Butcher, R. Preece and other mem-
`bers of the Laboratory for Elec-
`tronics for their contributions to
`this work. This development was
`sponsored by the Chase Manhattan
`Bank.
`
`-
`
`"1
`I
`I
`
`II
`
`II
`
`I
`I
`
`II
`
`I
`
`II
`
`
`
`I2 34 56 7890!! I2
`
`FIG. 6—Shi!t register storage with blocks
`representing magnetic core: (A) and the
`character THREE to be scanned (B)
`
`11.
`indicated by code
`which is
`During scans nine through twelve
`there is nothing under the reading
`station; T: 0, L=0 and no code
`exists for this combination. The
`contents of this paragraph are tabu-
`lated in columns 1 through 4 of the
`chart in Table II. The remainder of
`the columns show how the coded
`data gets into storage and is ad-
`vanced to a known position.
`Column 5 shows whether or not
`the code combinations of adjacent
`scans are identical. Although scans
`9 through 12 are similar to the
`naked eye, the encoder does not in-
`dicate identity because it does not
`explicitly sense for the 00 combina-
`tion. This is the significance of the
`4 dash marks at the bottom of col-
`umn 4.
`
`Column 6 indicates that informa-
`tion is read into the shift register
`only on scans 1, 2, 6 and 8. Refer-
`ring to column 4,
`information is
`read into the core columns that
`store 10, 20, 30’ and 11 in that time
`sequence. Column 7 shows that the
`register is advanced whenever there
`is no scan-to-scan identity (col-
`umn 5).
`
`Column 9 shows how the" first bit
`of information (code 10) read into
`the register progresses from the
`first to the seventh row of cores and
`then out of the cores. Columns 10,
`11 and 12 show that the subsequent
`read-ins (codes 20, 30 and 11) will
`occupy core rows 6, 5 and 4 respec-
`tively at the time the first read-in is
`at core-row 7.
`
`When the first read-in has been
`shifted out of the cores, codes 20,
`
`I36
`
`CHARACTER READER
`ours-ur YO ;ERM1NAL
`EQUIPMENT
`
`FIG. 7-—Diode matrix gives permanent coded storage of expected character
`
`IN TERROGATION PULSE
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011
`
`Page 6 of 6
`
`February, 1956 —— ELECTRONICS
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1011
`Page 6 of 6