EXHIBIT 2131
`
`EXHIBIT 2131
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`US 20030233051A1
`
`(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0233051 A1
`(43) Pub. Date: Dec. 18, 2003
`
`Verjus et al.
`
`(54) PORTABLE EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING
`AND/OR MONITORING THE HEART RATE
`
`(76)
`
`Inventors: Christophe Verjus, Neuchatel (CH);
`Rolf Vetter, Yverdon (CH); Patrick
`Celka, Forel (CH); Philippe Renevey,
`Lausanne (CH)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`JACOBSON, PRICE, HOLMAN & STERN
`PROFESSIONAL LIMITED LIABILITY
`COMPANY
`400 Seventh Street, NW.
`Washington, DC 20004 (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`10/463,530
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Jun. 18, 2003
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Jun. 18, 2002
`
`(FR) ............................................ 02 07465
`
`Publication Classification
`
`Int. Cl.7 ....................................................... A61B 5/02
`(51)
`(52) U.S.Cl.
`.............................................................. 600/528
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`Portable equipment including in combination a heart rate
`measuring device and a sound reproduction unit including
`means for supplying a signal representative of the sound
`reproduction and for supplying sound information to a sound
`transducer, wherein said measuring device and said sound
`transducer are mounted at
`least
`in part
`in an assembly
`adapted to be fixed to an ear of a wearer of the equipment
`and, wherein said sound reproduction unit includes means
`for optionally substituting for and/or superimposing on said
`signal representative of said sound reproduction a signal
`generated from signals from said measuring device and
`representative of said heart rate. The equipment can take the
`form of a walkman, for example, or a hearing aid for the hard
`of hearing.
`
`
`
`
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`a!
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`Patent Application Publication Dec. 18, 2003 Sheet 1 0f 2
`
`US 2003/0233051 A1
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`Patent Application Publication Dec. 18, 2003 Sheet 2 0f 2
`
`US 2003/0233051 A1
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`US 2003/0233051 A1
`
`Dec. 18, 2003
`
`PORTABLE EQUIPMENT FOR MEASURING
`AND/OR MONITORING THE HEART RATE
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0001] The present invention relates to portable equipment
`for optically measuring and/or monitoring the heart rate.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002] Many variants of this type of equipment exist
`already. They include an optical probe designed to be placed
`on a region of the skin of a user. The probe includes an
`emitter for radiating light into the tissue of that region and
`a receiver for picking up energy coming from the tissue (for
`example as a result of reflection on the tissue or transmission
`through the tissue) whose optical characteristics vary in
`dependence upon the circulation of the blood. The signal
`supplied by the receiver is analyzed and artifacts caused in
`particular by the movements of the user, ambient light, etc.
`are removed in an electronic processing unit whose output
`signal can be made perceptible in any appropriate manner,
`for example by displaying it on a screen, by reproducing it
`audibly, etc. The output signal can be compared to a thresh-
`old and an alarm tripped if the heart rate crosses the
`threshold.
`
`[0003] Equipment having the above features is described
`in EP 012036869, filed Sep. 28, 2001 and entitled “Wrist
`located pulse detection using infra-red signals, activity and
`nonlinear artefact cancellation”. That document describes in
`
`the
`particular a probe intended to be worn on the wrist,
`useful signal being extracted by a device for detecting
`movements of the wearer.
`
`In another prior art device, the probe is incorpo-
`[0004]
`rated into a chest strap and the useful signal is transmitted by
`radio to a display device, such as a wristwatch.
`
`[0005] An object of the invention is to provide equipment
`of the kind indicated above that provides reliable informa-
`tion concerning the heart rate of the wearer whilst being
`convenient to use and particularly suitable for use by per-
`sons exercising an activity, for example a sports activity.
`
`wherein said assembly further includes an accelerometric
`device delivering motion signals representative of the
`motion of a wearer when the assembly is fixed to an ear of
`said wearer and said measuring device including signal
`processing means using said motion signals for removing at
`least partially artifacts due to motion in said signal repre-
`sentative of said heart rate.
`
`[0007] Because of the above features, the heart rate mea-
`suring function can be associated with that of a sound
`reproduction device, like for example a walkman. Sound
`reproduction devices of this kind are very widely used,
`especially by persons exercising a sporting activity. The
`information concerning the heart
`rate can therefore be
`provided as a complement to the reproduced sound signal,
`which is generally entertaining and that the wearer of the
`equipment is used to listening to. Also, the complementary
`information is presented by means of a sound reproduction
`component (an ear cushion) that is of the usual kind and is
`placed over the ear of the wearer of the equipment in the
`usual way, the exterior shape of the probe placed over the ear
`being intentionally no different from that of a standard ear
`cushion. Furthermore, the heart rate measurement function
`is implemented very discreetly, which users of the equip-
`ment may see as an advantage. It will finally be noted that
`an ear cushion is held in place without problems despite the
`movements of the wearer, while the connection between the
`ear cushion and the body of the walkman is not modified
`either (at least externally), and requires only a connecting
`cable slightly modified compared to the usual cable. It can
`therefore be very robust.
`
`In addition prior art portable devices which are in
`[0008]
`the form of an ear clip, besides the fact they pinch the ear
`lobe and therefore hinder its vascularization, are fixed on a
`flexible part of the ear (the ear lobe) and it is therefore
`diflicult to remove in such devices the artifacts due to the
`
`motion of the body of the wearer. According to the present
`invention, the detecting unit being incorporated in an ear
`cushion, it is advantageously adapted to be worn in contact
`with a stiff part of the ear (the cartilage) and therefore it
`becomes easier to remove the artefacts due to the motion of
`
`the body.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0009] According to other advantageous features of the
`invention:
`
`[0006] The invention therefore provides a portable equip-
`ment
`including in combination a measuring device for
`measuring the heart rate and a sound reproduction unit
`including means for supplying a signal representative of the
`sound reproduction and for supplying sound information to
`a sound transducer, wherein said measuring device and said
`sound transducer are mounted at least in part in an assembly
`adapted to be fixed to an ear of a wearer of the equipment,
`wherein said sound reproduction unit includes substitution/
`superimposition means for optionally substituting for and/or
`superimposing on said signal representative of said sound
`reproduction a signal generated from signals from said
`measuring device and representative of said heart rate,
`wherein said assembly takes the form of an ear cushion
`including a casing accommodating said sound transducer
`and adapted to be placed in front of the external auditory
`meatus opening of a wearer and a horn attached to said
`casing and adapted to be placed behind the external ear of a
`wearer and said measuring device is accommodated at least
`in part in said casing and at least in part in said horn, and
`
`said measuring device includes an optical
`[0010]
`radiation emitter and an optical radiation receiver
`respectively placed in said casing and in said horn so
`that a light path between them can pass through a
`portion of the external ear of a wearer,
`
`said optical radiation emitter includes a plu-
`[0011]
`rality of light sources emitting at separate wave-
`lengths that are preferably near infra-red wave-
`lengths,
`
`said receiver includes the same number of
`[0012]
`groups of optical radiation detectors as there are light
`sources in said emitter and said measuring device
`further includes means for calculating the average of
`signals supplied by the detectors of each group,
`
`said substitution/superimposition means of
`[0013]
`said sound reproduction unit include a mixer circuit
`adapted to receive said signal representative of said
`heart rate supplied by said measuring device and
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`US 2003/0233051 A1
`
`Dec. 18, 2003
`
`connected between said sound transducer and said
`
`means supplying said signal representative of the
`sound reproduction,
`
`said sound reproduction unit includes voice
`[0014]
`synthesizer means connected between said probe and
`said mixer circuit,
`
`said portable equipment further includes a
`[0015]
`comparator having a first input adapted to receive
`said signal representative of said heart rate and a
`second input connected to a threshold generator
`whose threshold is representative of a predetermined
`heart rate value and whose output is connected to
`said mixer circuit to send alarm information to said
`
`sound transducer if the heart rate supplied by said
`measuring device exceeds said predetermined heart
`rate value,
`
`a selector is adapted to select reproduction by
`[0016]
`said sound transducer either of said alarm informa-
`
`tion or of said signal representative of said heart rate
`supplied by said measuring device,
`
`said sound reproduction unit includes a reader
`[0017]
`of a sound information medium, such as an audio
`cassette, a compact disc or a digital versatile disc,
`connected to said assembly by a cable,
`
`said sound reproduction unit includes a micro-
`[0018]
`phone and constitutes a hearing aid.
`
`[0019] Other features and advantages of the present inven-
`tion will become apparent in the course of the following
`description, which is given by way of example only and with
`reference to the appended drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of portable
`sound reproduction equipment combined with a heart rate
`measuring and/or monitoring function.
`
`[0021] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the equipment shown
`in FIG. 1.
`
`[0022] FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of another
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`[0023] FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of portable equip-
`ment according to the invention.
`
`[0024] The equipment comprises a first unit A adapted in
`particular to measure the heart rate and a second sound
`reproduction unit B adapted in particular to reproduce
`sound, the two units being interconnected by a cable C. In
`the embodiment shown, the unit B is an audiocassette player,
`preferably adapted to be easily worn by a user, as is usual for
`the devices usually known as “walkmans”. Of course, the
`invention applies to other sound reproduction devices using
`other recording media, such as compact disks (CD), digital
`versatile disks (DVD), etc. The cassette player B is of
`standard design and is therefore not described in detail.
`Suffice to say that its sound reproduction electrical circuit
`has added components that are schematically represented in
`FIG. 1 by a functional unit 1 that is described later.
`
`[0025] The unit A takes the form of an ear cushion
`comprising a generally circular casing 2 adapted to be
`placed inside the external ear (auricle) of a user in front of
`the external auditory meatus opening, the side of the casing
`2 that can be seen in FIG. 1 facing toward the latter opening.
`The casing 2 of the ear cushion contains a sound transducer
`symbolized by the dashed line circle 3. This transducer is
`conventional, and any design available off the shelf may be
`used.
`
`[0026] The casing 2 is fastened to a horn 4 whose free end
`part is adapted to hook behind the external ear of a user, as
`is usual for ear cushions used with off the shelf walkmans.
`
`An optical emitter 5 is placed in the horn 4 so that it directs
`radiation toward the casing 2. In other words, looking at
`FIG. 1, the emitter 5 is on the non visible side of the horn
`4.
`
`[0027] An optical radiation receiver 6 is disposed in the
`casing 2 so that it can pick up the portion of the optical
`radiation emitted by the emitter 5 that has passed through the
`thickness of the external ear. Consequently,
`the received
`radiation is a function of variations in the optical character-
`istics of the portion of the external ear through which the
`radiation has passed, which variations are caused in particu-
`lar by variations in the circulation of blood in the external
`ear. The variations in the electrical signal delivered by the
`receiver 6 are therefore representative in particular of the
`pulsation of the blood and therefore of the heart rate.
`
`[0028] The casing 2 can be covered with a foam material
`cushion 7 (only part of which is shown) to protect the
`portion of the ear surrounding the external auditory meatus
`opening.
`
`[0029] An accelerometric device 8 is placed in the horn 4
`for measuring acceleration along three axes. Its function is
`explained later.
`
`[0030] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the equipment shown
`in FIG. 1. It shows that the unit A comprises the sound
`reproduction transducer 3 and a measuring probe 10 which
`comprises the emitter 5, the receiver 6 and the acceleromet-
`ric device 8. The emitter 5 comprises one or more sources of
`optical radiation (two sources 12 and 13 in the example
`shown) emitting at two different wavelengths, for example,
`in this example two wavelengths X1 and k2. These sources
`irradiate a portion P of the cartilage of the external ear. As
`already described, the receiver 6 is on the opposite side of
`this portion P of the external ear when the ear cushion is in
`place thereon.
`
`In corresponding relationship to each source 12,
`[0031]
`13,
`the receiver 6 comprises respectively a plurality of
`optical detectors 14 and 15, whose sensitivity ranges are
`adjusted to the respective wavelengths of the sources 12 and
`13. In one embodiment, the sources 12 and 13 are modulated
`by a control signal so as to be active alternately. Wideband
`receivers 14 and 15 can then be used and a time division
`
`demultiplexing enables to retrieve the two-optical signals
`with wavelengths X1 and AZ.
`
`In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the
`[0032]
`wavelengths X1 and k2 are near infra-red wavelengths, the
`sources are light-emitting diodes, and the detectors are
`photosensitive diodes.
`
`[0033] The outputs of the group of detectors 14 and 15, of
`the accelerometric device 8 and of the transducer 3 are
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`US 2003/0233051 A1
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`Dec. 18, 2003
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`connected by a cable C to a processing unit, designated with
`the general reference 9 and integrated into the functional
`unit 1 incorporated in the unit B. In the context of the present
`invention, the combination of the processing unit 9 and the
`measuring probe 10 is referred to as “heart rate measuring
`device”.
`
`[0034] The detectors 14 and 15 are respectively connected
`to signal filtering means 16 and signal shaping means 17 in
`the processing unit 9. The filtering can be carried out by an
`analog band-pass filter with a pass-band from 0.5 Hz to 10
`Hz, for example. Shaping of the signals can involve aver-
`aging the analog signal supplied by each detector 14 and 15
`and appropriately amplifying the signals.
`
`[0035] The signals generated by the accelerometric device
`8 are applied to signal filtering and shaping means 18 that
`apply filtering and amplification on these signals, the filter-
`ing being performed by means of an analog band-pass filter
`whose passband is from 0.5 Hz to 10 Hz, for example.
`
`[0036] The signals processed in this way in the units 16
`and 17 are fed to a circuit 19 for eliminating unwanted
`artifacts in which they are subject to analog/digital conver-
`sion and to treatment for eliminating artifacts that may be
`that described in the document WO 99/32030. This prior art
`treatment essentially consists in distinguishing between the
`signals caused by the heart beat and the signals resulting
`from other variations in the flow of blood.
`
`[0037] The signals from the units 18 and 19 are then
`analyzed in a unit 20 to eliminate artifacts due to movements
`of the wearer of the equipment by using the signals delivered
`by the accelerometric device 8 and preprocessed by the
`filtering and shaping means 18. This analysis is described in
`detail in the European patent application previously cited,
`with particular reference to FIG. 4 of that document, which
`may be consulted for more details.
`
`[0038] The signal from the analysis unit 20 is fed to a
`block 20' which estimates the heart rate by determining the
`frequency of the intensity peaks of the signal from the unit
`20, for example. The output signal of the unit 20', appearing
`at a terminal 21, is therefore representative of the heart beat
`or heart rate, and has been cleared of all artifacts that could
`influence the result of the measurement. As previously
`indicated, the sound reproduction unit B is connected to the
`transducer 3 through the cable C. The latter includes con-
`ductors for supplying power to the unit A from the power
`supply (not shown) conventionally provided in the sound
`reproduction unit B.
`
`[0039] Note that the unit B can be adapted to reproduce in
`stereo sound information from a recording medium that the
`user has placed in it. Consequently, a second sound trans-
`ducer can be provided in a second ear cushion for the
`wearer’s other ear, as is conventional
`in off the shelf
`walkmans. For simplification, these components are neither
`shown nor described here.
`
`the block 22 symbolizes means for
`In FIG. 2,
`[0040]
`reading a recording medium and producing a signal repre-
`sentative of a sound reproduction of what is recorded on the
`recording medium; these means being conventional, they are
`not described in detail.
`
`[0041] According to the invention, the signal appearing at
`the terminal 21 and representative of the detected heart beat
`
`can be superimposed on the sound signals of the recording
`to which the user wishes to listen. To this end, the functional
`unit 1 already shown in FIG. 1 also provides various
`functions in addition to those already described,
`imple-
`mented in the blocks on the right-hand side in FIG. 2. These
`functions are described by way of example to illustrate the
`preferred embodiment of the invention. However, the inven-
`tion is not limited to this description and can use simplified
`or more complex ways of implementing complementary
`functions.
`
`[0042] This being so, in the version shown, the terminal 21
`is connected to a voice synthesizer 23 which is in turn
`connected to a first mixer circuit 24 on the communication
`
`path between the unit 22 and the transducer 3. Thus the heart
`rate signal can be superimposed on the sound signals pro-
`duced by the sound reproduction unit 22, for example with
`a given period that may be made adjustable.
`
`[0043] The terminal 21 is also connected to a first input of
`a comparator 25 whose output is connected to a second
`mixer circuit 26 that is also on the path of the sound signals
`fed to the transducer 3. A second input of the comparator 25
`is connected to a threshold generator 27 adapted to deter-
`mine an alarm threshold corresponding to a heart rate value
`that is judged to be hazardous for the wearer of the equip-
`ment. The threshold generator 27 preferably allows adjust-
`ment of the alarm threshold. Consequently, if the measured
`heart rate exceeds the alarm threshold, an alarm signal can
`be superimposed on the sound signals sent to the transducer
`3.
`
`[0044] The voice synthesis and alarm threshold compari-
`son functions just described can preferably be selected at
`will by the wearer of the equipment. To this end, a selector
`28 is provided that can be accessed by means of a key (not
`shown) on the casing of the unit B, for example.
`
`[0045] The terminal 21 can also be connected to a func-
`tional unit 29 for recording changes in the heart rate to retain
`a record thereof, advantageously on the recording medium
`that is being read in the unit 22 of the unit B. The functional
`unit 29 can be connected to an output terminal 30 of the unit
`B through which the latter can be connected to an external
`information processing device (not shown) for producing a
`medical analysis of the heart rate recording, for example.
`
`[0046] Finally, a display screen 31 is advantageously
`provided (see FIG. 1) for visualizing the signal appearing at
`the terminal 21.
`
`[0047] FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention
`in which the equipment constitutes a hearing aid. In this
`case, a sound reproduction unit 22A is provided including a
`microphone 32 for picking up ambient sounds. The sound
`reproduction unit 22A amplifies the signal from the micro-
`phone and sends the resulting signal to the transducer 3,
`which boosts it to a level sufficient for a hard of hearing
`wearer to perceive it. The transmission occurs via a mixer
`circuit (not shown in FIG. 3) analogous to the mixer circuits
`24 and 26 shown in FIG. 2.
`
`[0048] As in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the
`measuring probe 10A includes a sender 5 and a receiver 6
`which can be of the kind described already with reference to
`FIG. 2. It cooperates with a processing unit 9A which can
`be analogous to the processing unit 9 described above.
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`US 2003/0233051 A1
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`Dec. 18, 2003
`
`[0049] As shown in FIG. 3, the hearing aid is arranged as
`an ear cushion whose structure is the same as that of the ear
`
`cushion already described. However, in this case, all of the
`components of the equipment, and in particular the process-
`ing unit 9A and most of the other components, such as the
`units 23 and 24 from FIG. 2, are in the casing 2 and the horn
`4, and powered by a battery (not shown), as is conventional
`in the hearing aid art.
`There is claimed:
`
`1. Portable equipment including in combination a mea-
`suring device for measuring the heart rate and a sound
`reproduction unit including means for supplying a signal
`representative of the sound reproduction and for supplying
`sound information to a sound transducer, wherein
`
`said measuring device and said sound transducer are
`mounted at least in part in an assembly adapted to be
`fixed to an ear of a wearer of the equipment,
`
`said sound reproduction unit includes substitution/super-
`imposition means for optionally substituting for and/or
`superimposing on said signal representative of said
`sound reproduction a signal generated from signals
`from said measuring device and representative of said
`heart rate,
`
`said assembly takes the form of an ear cushion including
`a casing accommodating said sound transducer and
`adapted to be placed in front of the external auditory
`meatus opening of a wearer and a horn attached to said
`casing and adapted to be placed behind the external ear
`of a wearer and said measuring device is accommo-
`dated at least in part in said casing and at least in part
`in said horn, and
`
`said assembly further includes an accelerometric device
`delivering motion signals representative of the motion
`of a wearer when the assembly is fixed to an ear of said
`wearer and said measuring device including signal
`processing means using said motion signals for remov-
`ing at least partially artifacts due to motion in said
`signal representative of said heart rate.
`2. The portable equipment claimed in claim 1 wherein
`said measuring device includes an optical radiation emitter
`and an optical radiation receiver respectively placed in said
`casing and in said horn so that a light path between them can
`pass through a portion of the external ear of a wearer.
`3. The portable equipment claimed in claim 2 wherein
`said optical radiation emitter includes a plurality of light
`sources emitting at separate wavelengths that are preferably
`near infra-red wavelengths.
`
`4. The portable equipment claimed in claim 3 wherein
`said receiver includes the same number of groups of optical
`radiation detectors as there are light sources in said emitter
`and said measuring device further includes means for cal-
`culating the average of signals supplied by the detectors of
`each group.
`5. The portable equipment claimed in claim 1 wherein
`said substitution/superimposition means of said sound
`reproduction unit include a mixer circuit adapted to receive
`said signal representative of said heart rate supplied by said
`measuring device and connected between said sound trans-
`ducer and said means supplying said signal representative of
`the sound reproduction.
`6. The portable equipment claimed in claim 5 wherein
`said sound reproduction unit
`includes voice synthesizer
`means connected between said probe and said mixer circuit.
`7. The portable equipment claimed in claim 5 further
`including a comparator having a first
`input adapted to
`receive said signal representative of said heart rate and a
`second input connected to a threshold generator whose
`threshold is representative of a predetermined heart rate
`value and whose output is connected to said mixer circuit to
`send alarm information to said sound transducer if the heart
`
`rate supplied by said measuring device exceeds said prede-
`termined heart rate value.
`
`8. The portable equipment claimed in claim 6 further
`including a comparator having a first
`input adapted to
`receive said signal representative of said heart rate and a
`second input connected to a threshold generator whose
`threshold is representative of a predetermined heart rate
`value and whose output is connected to said mixer circuit to
`send alarm information to said sound transducer if the heart
`
`rate supplied by said measuring device exceeds said prede-
`termined heart rate value and wherein a selector is adapted
`to select reproduction by said sound transducer either of said
`alarm information or of said signal representative of said
`heart rate supplied by said measuring device.
`9. The portable equipment according to claim 1 wherein
`said sound reproduction unit includes a reader of a sound
`information medium, such as an audio cassette, a compact
`disc or a digital versatile disc, connected to said assembly by
`a cable.
`
`10. The portable equipment according to claim 1 wherein
`said sound reproduction unit includes a microphone and
`constitutes a hearing aid.
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