Apple 1072
`
`U.S. Pat. 8,504,746
`
`Apple 1072
`U.S. Pat. 8,504,746
`
`

`
`On the cover: Photomicrograph of crystals of vitamin B1.
`(Dennis Kunkel, University of Hawaii )
`
`Included in this Dictionary are definitions which have been published previously in the following works; P. B.
`Jordain, Condensed Computer Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. I.
`Markus, Electronics and Nucleonics Dictionary, 4th ed., Copyright © 1960, 1966, 1978 by McGraw—Hill, Inc.
`All rights reserved. J. Quick, Artists’ and Illustrators’ Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All
`rights reserved. Blakiston’s Gould Medical Dictionary, 3d ed., Copyright © 1956, 1972 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All
`rights reserved. T. Baumeister and L. S. Marks, eds., Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 7th ed.,
`Copyright © 1958, 1967 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`
`In addition, material has been drawn from the following references: R. E. I-Iuschke, Glossary of Meteorology,
`American Meteorological Society, 1959; U.S. Air Force Glossary ofStandardized Terms, AF Manual 11-1, vol.
`1, 1972; Communications-Electronics Terminology, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 3, 1970; W. H. Allen, ed., Dictionary
`of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, lst ed., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965; J. M.
`Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary ofTerms and Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Tech-
`nical Report 67158, 1967; Glossary ofAir Trafiic Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary ofRange
`Terminology, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424; A DOD
`Glossary ofMapping, Charting and Geodetic Terms, lst ed., Department of Defense, 1967; P. W. Thrush, comp.
`and ed., A Dictionary ofMining, Mineral, andRelated Terms, Bureau of Mines, 1968; Nuclear Terms: A Glossary,
`2d ed., Atomic Energy Commission; F. Casey, ed,, Compilation of Terms in Information Sciences Technology,
`Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Glossary ofStinfo Terminology, Office ofAerospace Research,
`U.S. Air Force, 1963; Naval Dictionary ofElectronic, Technical, and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Person-
`nel, 1962; ADP Glossary, Department of the Navy, NAVSO P-3097.
`
`MCGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Fifth Edition
`
`Copyright © 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
`States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication
`may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without
`the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`234567890
`
`DOW/DOW
`
`9987654
`
`ISBN 0-07-042333-4
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terrns/
`Sybil P. Parker, editor in chief..-—5th ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN O-O7-042333-4
`
`1. Science—Dictionaries.
`1. Parker, Sybil P.
`Ql23.M34
`1993
`
`503—dc2O
`
`2. Technology——Dictionaries.
`
`93-34772
`CIP
`
`INTERNATIONAL EDITION
`
`Copyright © 1994. Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill, Inc. for manufacture and export. This book cannot be re-
`exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The International Edition is not available in
`North America.
`
`When ordering this title, use ISBN 0-07-113584-7.
`
`

`
`440
`
`conjugate roots
`
`' ;~
`
`Conocyeminal~ ,.,;
`
`but Vb and Vd are not both rational. Also known as conjugate
`binomial surds.
`( 'kan·j:J•g:Jt 'rad•:J•k:Jlz}
`conjugate roots
`[MATH] Conjugate complex numbers which
`are roots of a given equation.
`[ 'kan·j:J·g:Jt 'rtits }
`conjugate ruled surface
`[MATH] The ruled surface whose
`rulings are the lines that are tangent to a given ruled surface at
`the points of its line of striction and are perpendicular to the
`rulings of the given ruled surface at these points.
`( 'kan·j:J·g:Jt
`:ruld 'S:Jf'f;}S }
`conjugate space
`[MATH] The set of all continuous linear
`( 'kan·j:J·g:Jt
`functionals defined on a normed linear space.
`'spas}
`conjugate subgroups
`[MATH] Two subgroups A and B of a
`group G for which there exists an element x in G such that B
`consists of the elements of the form xax- 1, where a is in A.
`[ 'kan·j;}·g:Jt 's:Jb,grtips }
`conjugate system of curves
`[MATH] Two one-parameter
`families of curves on a surface such that a unique curve of each
`family passes through each point of the surface, and the direc(cid:173)
`tions of the tangents to these two curves at any point on the
`surface are the conjugate directions at that point.
`( 'klin•j:J•g:Jt
`: sis·t:Jm :Jv 'k;}rvZ }
`conjugate triangles [MATH] Two triangles in which the poles
`of the sides of each with respect to a given curve are the vertices
`of the other.
`[ 'klin·j:J·g:Jt 'tr'i,aJJ•g:Jlz }
`conjugate variables
`[QUANT MECH] A pair of physical var(cid:173)
`iables describing a quantum-mechanical system such that their
`commutator is a nonzero constant; either of them, but not both,
`can be precisely specified at the same time. Also known as
`complementary variables.
`( 'kan·j:J·g:Jt 'ver-e·:J•b:Jlz }
`conjugon
`[GEN] Any of a number of different genetic ele-
`ments in bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid that promote bacterial
`( 'kan·j;},glin }
`conjugation and gene transfer.
`conjugation [BOT] Sexual reproduction by fusion of two pro(cid:173)
`[!NV zoo]
`toplasts in certain thallophytes to form a zygote.
`Sexual reproduction by temporary union of cells with exchange
`of nuclear material between two individuals, principally ciliate
`protozoans. [ MJCROBIO] A process involving contact between
`two bacterial cells during which genetic material is passed from
`[ ,kan·j;}'ga·sh;}n }
`one cell to the other.
`[ASTRON] 1. The situation in which two celestial
`conjunction
`bodies have either the same celestial longitude or the same
`sidereal hour angle. 2. The time at which this conjunction takes
`[MATH] The connection of two statements by the word
`place.
`"and."
`( k:Jn'j;}J]k·sh:Jn }
`conjunctiva
`[ANAT] The mucous membrane covering the
`[ k:Jn'j;}IJk·t;}·V:J }
`eyeball and lining the eyelids.
`conjunctive matrices. [MATH] Two matrices A and B related
`by the transformation B = SAT, where S and Tare nonsingular
`matrices and Sis the Hermitian conjugate of f.
`[ k;}n'j;}J]k·tiv
`'ma·tr;},sez }
`conjunctive search [coMPUT sci] A search to identify items
`having all of a certain set of characteristics.
`[ k:Jn 'j;}J]k·tiv
`'s:Jrch}
`conjunctive transformation
`[MATH] The transformation
`B = SAT, where Sis the Hermitian conjugate ofT, and matrices
`A and Bare equivalent.
`[ k:Jn'j;}IJk·tiv ,tranz·f;}r'ma·sh:Jn }
`conjunctivitis
`[MED]
`Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
`[ k:Jn,j;}IJk•t:J'vid·:Js }
`conn
`[NAY] To direct or conduct the steering of a vessel; to
`give orders to the helmsman on steering the ship.
`[ klin }
`connarite
`[MINERAL] A green mineral consisting of hydrous
`nickel silicate occurring as small crystals or grains.
`( 'kan·
`:J,nt J
`connate
`[GEOL] Referring to materials involved in sedimen(cid:173)
`tary processes that are contemporaneous with surrounding ma(cid:173)
`[sCI TECH] Born, originated, or produced in a united
`terials.
`or fused condition.
`[ kd'nat }
`connate leaf
`[BOT] A leaf shaped as though the bases of two
`( k:J'nat 'lef }
`opposite leaves had fused around the stem.
`connate water
`[HYD] Water entrapped in the interstices of
`igneous rocks when the rocks were formed; usually highly min(cid:173)
`( k:J'nat 'w6d·:Jr }
`eralized.
`connected graph
`[MATH] A graph in which each pair of
`points is connected by a path. { k:J'nek·t:Jd 'graf }
`connected load
`[ELEC] The sum of the continuous power
`ratings of all load-consuming apparatus connected to an electric
`
`power distribution system or any part thereof.
`k;}'nek-~!
`'lod J
`.'"
`[MATH] A set in a topological space which~-.
`connected set
`?ot the u_nion of two nonempty set~ A and B for ~hich bothJ&'
`mtersectwn of the _closure of A wtt~ B ~~d the mtersection.~t
`the closure of B wtth A are empty; mtutttvely, a set with 01\ly-
`one piece.
`[ k:J'nek·t:Jd 'set }
`·
`[MATH] A topological space which C3.!UJ.ot
`connected space
`be written as the union of two nonempty disjoint open subse~
`{ k:J'nek·t:Jd 'spas }
`· ·
`[MATH] . A surface between any tW~
`connected s_urface
`pomts of whtch there IS a contmuous path that does not cross
`the surface's boundary.
`( k;}'nek·t:Jd 's:Jr-f:Js }
`·
`connect function
`[ coMPUT sci] A signal sent over a data~
`to a selected peripheral device to connect it with the centraj
`processing unit.
`[ kd'nekt ,f:JJJk·sh:Jn }
`...
`connecting bar See tombolo.
`( k;}'nekt-iiJ ,bar }
`connecting circuit
`[ELECTR] A functional switching circuit
`which directly couples other functional circuit units to each other
`to exchange information as dictated by the momentary needs of
`the switching system.
`[ k:J'nekt·iiJ ,s;}r·k:Jt }
`;
`connecting rod
`[MECH ENG] Any straight link that transmi~
`motion or power from one linkage to another within a mecli~
`nism, especially linear to rotary motion, as in a reciprocating
`engine or compressor. { k:J'nekt-iiJ ,rad }
`. -.
`[COMPUT SCI] A mechanical device for~:
`connection box
`tering electrical connections between various terminals, usedio.
`control the operations of a punched-card machine; its functio~
`is similar to that of a plug board. { k:J'nek·sh:Jn ,bliks }
`'-
`connection gas
`[PETRO ENG] Gas that is introduced into a
`well when the mud pump is shut off in order to make a connej;;
`tion.
`[ k:J'nek·sh:Jn ,gas }
`,
`connective tissue
`[HISTOL] A primary tissue, distinguish~
`by an abundance of fibrillar and nonfibrillar extracellular com:
`ponents.
`( k:J'nek·tiv 'tish·ii }
`::·.,
`[MATH] 1. The number of points pl_~-
`connectivity number
`1 which can be removed from a curve without separating tht
`curve into more than one piece. 2. The number of closed c~J$:
`or cuts joining points of previous cuts (or joining points on tl!e ·
`boundary) plus I which can be made on a surface without seJl:
`arating the surface. Also known as Betti number. 3. In ge~1
`era!, the n-dimensional connectivity number of a topological
`space X is the number of infinite cyclic groups whose direct sum
`with the torsion group G "(X) forms the homology group H.(XJ;
`( k:J,nek'tiv·;}d·e ,n:Jm·b;}r }
`connector
`[COMPUT SCI]
`In database management, a pointll!
`or link between two data structures.
`[ELECTR] A switch, or
`relay group system, which finds the telephone line being call~
`as a result of digits being dialed; it also causes interrupted ring·
`ing voltage to be placed on the called line or of returning a ~usy
`[ENG] 1. A <k'
`tone to the calling party if the line is busy.
`tachable device for connecting electrical conductors. 2 .. b,
`metal part for joining timbers. 3. A symbol on a flowchart
`indicating that the flow jumps to a different location on the chart
`( k:J'nek·t:Jr}
`·
`connector block
`[ELECTR] A device for connecting two ca·
`bles without using plugs, similar to a barrier strip but larger, ii!
`which wires from one cable are attached to lugs of screws on
`one side, and wires from the other cable are fastened to corres·
`ponding points on the opposite side.
`[ k:J 'nek·t:Jr , bllik }
`'
`[COMPUT sc1] The time that a user at a termin~
`connect time
`is signed on to a computer.
`[ kd'nekt ,tim }
`.;
`connellite
`[MINERAL] Cu 19(S04)Cl4(0H) 32·3H20 A deep:.
`blue striated copper mineral; crystals are in the hexagonal sys·
`tern. Also known as footeite.
`[ 'klin·:Jl,It }
`.
`connexon
`[cYToL] Any of the cylindrical channels associ·
`ated with gap junctions.
`[ k:J'nek,slin }
`conning tower [NA v ARCH] 1. The raised observation post of
`a submarine, which is in addition usually used as an entrance~
`exit. 2. The armored pilothouse of a warship.
`[ 'kan·il) ,ta\1"
`~}
`~
`connivent
`[BIOL] Converging so as to meet, but not fused
`into a single part.
`[ kd'niv·:Jnt }
`•
`Conoclypidae [PALEON] A family of Cretaceous and Eocene
`exocyclic Euechinoidea in the order Holectypoida having ~
`vel oped aboral petals, internal partitions, and a high test. ( ,ldiD ·
`o·kl:J'pid·e,e J
`Conocyeminae
`[PALEON] A subfamily of Mesozoan para•
`sites in the family Dicyemidae.
`[ ,klin·:J,si'em·:J,ne }
`
`CONNATE LEAF
`
`Shape of a connate leaf.
`
`CONNECTING CIRCUIT
`
`Diagram of a connecting circuit.
`
`

`
`microelectrophoresis
`
`H
`
`1261
`
`MICROCERCOUS CERCARIA
`
`Drawing of a microcercous
`cercaria showing small tail.
`(From R. M. Cable, An Illustrated
`Laboratory Manual of
`Parasitology, Burgess, 1958)
`
`MICROCOTYLOIDEA
`buccalR mouth
`sucker
`head organs
`
`pharynx
`
`
`
`esophagus
`uterus
`glands
`
`vas deferens
`vitelline
`’ glands
`vitelloduct
`viteltine
`reservoir
`
`haptoral
`clamps
`
`Ventral View of Heteraxinoides
`xanthophilis (Hargis), an
`ectoparasite of the spot fish
`(Leiostamus xanthurus).
`
`{ [mi-kr6-kam 'pyiid-
`
`minicomputer. Also known as micro.
`or )
`microcomputer development system [COMPUT sci] A
`complete microcomputer system that is used to test both the
`software and hardware of other microcomputer-based systems.
`{ jmi-kr6~kam‘pyi.id-or di'vel'9p-mont ,sis-tam ]
`mécroconsumer See decomposer.
`{ [nit-kr-:3--k9n'sii-mar }
`microcontroller
`[ELECTR] A microcomputer, microproces-
`sor, or other equipment used for precise process control in data
`handling, communication, and manufacturing.
`{
`[mi-kr6~
`k9n't:6l-or }
`microcopy [GRAPHICS] A photographic reproduction that is
`too small to be read without magnification.
`[ ‘mi-kr6,k'2ip-E }
`microcoquina [PETR] A clastic limestone composed wholly
`or pa1*;ially of cemented sand—size particles of shell detritus.
`{ lmi-kro-ka'ké-no }
`Microcotyloidea
`[INV zoo] A superfamily of ectoparasitic
`trematodes in the subclass Monogenea.
`{
`:mi-kr6,k‘cid-al‘oid-
`e~9 }
`microcoulomb [ELEC] A unit of electric charge equal to one-
`millionth of a coulomb. Abbreviated ptC.
`{ {mi-kr6'kii,lam ]
`microcrack See microfissure.
`{ ‘mi-kro,krak }
`microcrystalline
`[CRYSTAL] Composed of or containing
`crystals that are visible only under the microscope.
`[ {mi-
`kr6'krist-al-an }
`microcrystalline wax [MATER] A petroleum wax containing
`small, indistinct crystals, and having a higher molecular weight,
`melting point, and viscosity than paraffin wax; used in laminated
`paper and electrical coil coating.
`{ [mi-kr5'krist-al-an 'waks }
`Microcyprini
`[VERT zoo] The equivalent name for Cyprino-
`dontiforrnes.
`{ ,mi-kr6-sa'pre,né}
`{ ‘mi-kro,sist }
`microcyst
`[MED] A very small cyst.
`microcyte [MED] A red blood cell whose diameter or mean
`corpuscular volume or both are more than two standard devia-
`tions below the normal mean. Also known as microerythro-
`cyte.
`[
`'mi‘krs,sit }
`microcythemia [MED] Blood characterized by the presence
`of small red blood cells.
`{ [mi-kro-si‘thé-me-9 ]
`microcytic anemia
`[MED] Any form of anemia in which
`small erythrocytes occur in the blood.
`{ {mi-lcrajsid-ik 9'ne-
`me-9 }
`microcytosis [MED] A blood disorder characterized by a pre-
`ponderance of microcytes.
`{
`,rn’i-kra-si'to-sas }
`microdactyly [MED] A condition of abnormal smallness of
`fingers or toes.
`{
`,mi~kro‘dak~ts~lé ]
`microdensitometer
`[SPECT] Ahigh—sensitivity densitometer
`used in spectroscopy to detect spectrum lines too faint on a
`negative to be seen by the human eye.
`[ §mi-l<r6,den-s9'tam-
`ad-or }
`microdiagnostic program [COMPUT SCI] A microprogram
`that tests a specific hardware component, such as a bus or store
`location, for faults.
`[ {mi-kr6,di~9g'néis-tik ‘pro-gram ]
`microdiffusiometer
`[ENG] A type of diffusiometer in which
`diffusion is measured over microscopic distances, greatly re-
`ducing the time required for the measurement and the effects of
`Vibration and temperature changes.
`{
`,mi-kr(')-d9'fyiiz'9r }
`microdisk [COMPUT sci] A small floppy disk with a diameter
`between 3 and 4 inches (7 and 10 centimeters), Also known
`as microfloppy disk.
`{ ‘mi~kr6,disk }
`microdissection
`[BIOL] Dissection under a microscope.
`{ :m‘i~kr6~di'sek'sh9n ]
`Microdomatacea
`[PALEON] An extinct superfamily of gas-
`tropod mollusks in the order Aspidobranchia.
`{
`,mi-kr9,d6-
`mo'tas-é-9 ]
`microearthquake [GEOPHYS] An earthquake with a low in-
`tensity, usually less than 3 on the Richter scale. Also known
`as microquake.
`{
`,mi-kr6’9i’th,kwaTtk }
`microelectrolysis
`[PHYS CHEM] Electrolysis of small quan-
`tities of material.
`[ }mi~kr6-i,lek‘tral-a~sas ]
`microelectronic cércuitry See microcircuitry.
`i,lek'tran~ik 'sar-ks-tre ]
`microelectronics
`[ELECTR] The technology of constructing
`circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various
`techniques. Also known as microminiaturization; microsystem
`electronics.
`{ {mi-kr6~i,lek‘tr’cin-iks }
`microelectrophoresis
`[ANALY CHEMJ Direct microscopic
`observation and measurement of the velocity of migration of
`ions or other charged bodies through a solution toward oppo-
`
`{
`
`: mi'kr6-
`
`
` I pacitof
`.
`1 d'stn'buted over a part of phase space
`A mulfiintil/iilhiri an infinitesimal range.
`[
`[mi-kro-
`_ .~ -
`l
`3“ SaE:LbE9cT}R} Any very small capacitor used in
`.
`usuauy consisting of a thin film of dielectric
`w
`Klilled between electrodes.
`[ :mi-kro«ko'pas- ad-
`
`
`
`-
`
`
`
`=
`.
`
`'
`
`[CHEM ENG] A capsule with a plastic or wax-
`le V-mg a diameter anywhere from well below 1
`2000 micrometers.
`{ ‘mi-kr6,kap'sal }
`ha
`:._‘¥...= am over
`[GRAPHICS] A type of inicrotext, consisting of
`'
`7.5 by 12.5 centimeters in size prepared
`I
`-
`
`;
`gjlzrnlgiisimeter film, commonly at a reduction of 20
`' ‘Bio:
`_
`..
`
`Ml
`'mi~kro kardl
`.
`_
`5_a3’W“' [£YTOL]
`IA micronucleus within a layer of cyto-
`membrane.
`{ ‘mi-kr9,sel }
`Iii
`'
`I
`‘
`- mm [CYTOL] The centrosome, or a group of cen-
`_
`‘
`‘ng as the dynamic center of a cell.
`( mi-
`flung‘ fimcllonl
`
`
`
`An individual with microcephaly.
`
`"‘
`
`-
`
`'
`
`-
`
`-
`l
`I
` fi: 3[:1[-;D] The condition of having an abnormally
`’V
`had, with a circumference less than two standard devia-
`wow me mean,
`[ ,mi-kr6'sef-9-lé }
`{
`,mi-
`#5
`mus
`[iNv zoo] Having short antennae.
`‘ mast
`.
`.
`’
`us cercaria
`[INV zoo] A c_ercaria with a very
`'
`‘broad tail.
`{ }mi~kro:sar-kas s9r‘kar<—e-9 }
`.
`"
`nnet plate
`[ELECTR] A plate that consists of ex-
`,§§]ynnallcylinder—shaped electron multipliers mounted side
`ads, to provide image intensification factors as high as
`a
`; Also known as channel plate multiplier.
`{
`,mi-
`mam-t-9'l'plfit I
`fiwlumistry [BIOCHEM] The chemistry of individual cells
`jidminme organisms.
`[CHEM] The study of chemical reac-
`g'n;,__itsiiig small quantities of materials, frequently less than 1
`or 1 milliliter, and often requiring special small ap-
`microscopicalobservation.
`{ jmi-kro'kem-9-stré ]
`ictocliiroptera
`[VERT zoo] A suborder of the mammalian
`n7icrChiroptera composed of the insectivorous bats.
`{
`[mi-
`|a‘nki‘ripta-rs }
`[i-i0RoL] A spring—driven, fast—moving
`dxochrbnometer
`deckcapable of indicating time intervals as small as l/2000 of
`miiiute; used as atiming device in micromotion studies.
`[ :mi~
`bll‘h’3'll§lT1‘9(l'9r }
`mvcircuitry [ELECTR] Electronic circuit structures that are
`utters of magnitude smaller and lighter than circuit structures
`yoduced by the most compact combinations of discrete com-
`punts.‘ Also known as microelectronic circuitry; micro-
`iiiaturecircuitry.
`{ ‘mi-kro's9r~ka-tre }
`d:mclfi:u|ation [PH\lSl0] The flow of blood or lymph in the
`totals of the microcirculatory system.
`{
`:mi-kr6,sar-kyo'la-
`Ml
`éztocirculatory system [ANAT] Those vessels of the blood
`flllymphatic systems which are visible only with a microscope.
`i?Im’Ki‘o'sarkye-la,tor-é ,sis-tam }
`fmclllnate [cLiMAroL] The local, rather uniform climate
`nkpzceliicfplace or habitat, compared with the climate of the
`..
`0 which it is a pan.
`{ [mi-kr6'kli-met ]
`.&l*3‘3jllmato|ogy
`[CLIMATOL] The study of a microclimate,
`mmgthe Study ofprofiles oftemperature, moisture and wind
`lowest stratum of air, the effect of the vegetation and of
`_
`_llS, and the modifying effect of towns and buildings.
`llnrkro *
`I
`--
`~
`.kli'ma tal-age }
`“'18
`[MINERAL] KAlSi3O8 A triclinic potassium—rich
`“T31-tusu
`_
`ally containing minor amounts of sodium; may be
`dear
`I
`l1}l6,pale—yellow, brick-red, or green, and is generally
`fiaocnenled by crosshatch twinning.
`[
`'mi'kra,klin }
`‘
`.
`m_e
`[INV zoo] Microsepta in certain anemones.
`"'1‘h'e.nem }
`§°.‘°:h°°°°93e
`[MICROBIU] A family of gram—positive
`_ emoorganotrophic organisms with respiratory or fer-
`VC metabolism.
`{ [mt-kro-kak'sas'e,e ]
`mote
`[_C0N_IPUT sci] A code that employs microinstruc—
`mordinarily used in programming.
`[ ‘mi-kr6,k6d }
`wflompalllef
`[ELECTR] A microprocessor combined with
`m the otheinterface devices, some type of external memory,
`“em _
`r elements required to form a working computer
`ill 15 Smaller, lower in cost, and usually slower than a
`
`

`
`random-access disk file
`
`range
`
`1 649
`
`'ran~
`
`(
`
`{
`
`{ ‘ran-
`
`ad of each user getting an individual narrow band.
`_
`i5“.ak5es di'skrét e'dres }
`flmfaccess disk file
`[COMPUT sci] A file which is con-
`a disk having one head per track and in which con-
`Wivznrecoyds are not necessarily in consecutive locations.
`evtw, ;ak,ses ‘disk in i
`_
`lW‘m_acce5s input/output
`[COMPUT sci] A technique
`.h minimizes seek. tirrie and overlaps with processing.
`wrdam }ak,Ses 'in,put aut,put }
`l m.access memory [COMPUT sci] A data storage de-
`. having the property that the time required to access a ran-
`gi selected datum does not depend on the time of the last
`‘as: or the location of the most recently accessed datum.
`viated RAM. Also known as direct-access memory; di-
`fiaccegs storage; random-access storage; random storage;
`igifonnly accessible storage.
`[
`ran-dam ,ak,ses mem-re }.
`mdanpaccess programming [coMr>UT sci] Programming
`ajmout regard for the time required for access to the storage
`a -50“; called for in the program, in contrast to minimum-
`mssprogrmnming.
`{
`ran-dam ,ak,ses pro,gram-irj }
`I
`ran-
`mdonpaccess storage See random-access memory.
`.
`ibmiak.S<=S 'SI0I“1J }
`.
`.
`m coil
`[PHYS CHEM] Any of various irregularly.coile‘d
`iymers mg: cpr; occur in solution. Also known as cyclic coil.
`I
`.
`mgagpolymer
`[ORG CHEM] Resin copolymer in which
`mmolecules of each monomer are randomly arranged in the
`V erbackbone.
`{ ‘ran-dam k6'péil-i-mer )
`mdom diffusion chamber See reverberation chamber.
`mdijfyfi-zhan ,cham-bar.) .
`mom digit
`[STAT] Digit taken from altable of random
`umbers according to some specified probability rule.
`[ ‘ran-
`e;m'dij-st ]
`[STAT] An error that can be predicted only on
`mdom error
`istatistical basis.
`{ ‘ran-dam ‘er-or }
`mdom experiments
`[STAT] Experiments which do not al-
`ways yield the same result when repeated under the same con-
`étions.
`{ ‘ran-dam ik'sper-e'm9ns }
`random forecast
`[METEOROL] A forecast in which one of a
`ictof meteorological contingencies is selected on the basis of
`tliiiiice; it is often used as a standard of comparison in deter-
`mining the degree of skill of another forecast method.
`{ ‘ran-
`tam 'f0r,kast ]
`[MATH] A function whose domain is an
`mdomtunction
`nieival of the extended real numbers and has range in the set
`dnindom variables on some probability space; more precisely,
`trapping of the cartesian product of an interval in the extended
`mls with a probability space to the extended reals so that each
`scctionisarandom variable.
`{ ‘ran-darn 'f9i3k-shen }
`Ilidom interstratitication
`[SOLID STATE]
`A crystalline
`Inicture in which two or more types of layers alternate in a
`flldiirnfashion.
`{ ‘ran-dam ,in-tar,strad‘i-fa'ka-shon}
`Indomization
`[STAT] Assigning subjects
`to treatment
`:0a:p}s by use of tables of random numbers.
`[
`,ran-d9~mo'zz‘i-
`lidomlzed blocks
`[STAT] An experimental design in which
`Various treatments are reproduced in each of the blocks and
`l_H3_ndomly assigned to the units within the blocks, permitting
`estimates of error to be made.
`[ ‘ran-de,mizd 'bliiks ]
`"F|°ml:eld jitter
`[ELECTR]
`Jitter by means of noise modu-
`.
`ran-d9,mizd 'jid-or }
`lzed test
`[STAT] Acceptance or rejection of the null
`is by use of a random variable to decide whether an
`flctvat‘
`on causes rejection or acceptance.
`{
`‘ran-d9,mizd
`Ni
`‘Walling scheme [COMPUT sci] A technique of distrib-
`:3‘°°0{dSamong storage modules to ensure even distribution
`Wklime.
`{ ‘ran-de,miz'ii_] ,ském }
`-
`'°"Qth
`[ENG] One of a group of various lengths of
`3°38 delivered by the manufacturer, usually 13-23 feet (4-7
`)l‘_’"8~ Also known as mill length.
`[ ‘ran-dam 'lei]kth }
`‘hm line
`[ENG] A trial surveying line that is directed as
`k 3'38 circumstances permit toward a fixed terminal point
`m§m3““°1 be seen from the initial point. Also known as
`no “averse.
`{ ‘ran-dem 'lin }
`"_"matIng
`[GEN] A mating system in which there is an
`.h§52‘;PP0nunity for all male and female geametes to join in
`IN°m"°’}-
`l ‘ran-dem ,mad-ii] ]
`noise
`[MATH] A form of random stochastic process
`
`[ ‘ran~d9m ‘stor-
`
`[PHYS] Noise characterized by a
`arising in control theory.
`large number of overlapping transient disturbances occurring at
`random, such as thermal noise and shot noise. Also known as
`fluctuation noise.
`{ ‘ran-dam 'noiz }
`1. A mathematical
`random number generator
`[COMPUT sci]
`program which generates a set of numbers which pass a random-
`ness test.
`2. An analog device that generates a randomly fluo-
`tuating variable, and usually operates from an electrical noise
`source.
`[ ‘ran-dam 'nem-bar ,jen-a,rad-or }
`random numbers
`[MATH] A listing of numbers which is
`nonrepetitive and satisfies no algorithm.
`{
`‘ran~d9m ‘nem-
`berz ]
`random ordered sample [sTAT] An ordered sample of size
`5 drawn from a population of size N such that the probability of
`any particular ordered sample is the reciprocal of the number of
`permutations of N things taken 5 at a time.
`[
`'ran~d9m jordard
`'sam-pol ]
`{ ‘ran-dam 'pra-ses }
`random process See stochastic process.
`random pulsing [COMMUN] Continuous, varying,pu1se-rep-
`etition rate, accomplished by noise modulation or continuous
`frequency change.
`[ ‘ran-dam ‘pols-ii] )
`random sampling [STAT] A sampling from some population
`where each entry has an equal chance of being drawn.
`[ ‘ran-
`dom ‘Sam-plir_) I
`[ENG] A sampling voltmeter
`random-sampling voltmeter
`which takes samples of an input signal at random times instead
`of at a constant rate; the synchronizing portions of the instrument
`can then be simplified or eliminated.
`(
`‘ran-dam Isam-plirj
`'v6lt,méd‘or ]
`random sequence [MET] A longitudinal sequence of weld
`beads deposited in random increments.
`{ ‘ran-dom ‘Se-kwons }
`random start
`[STAT]
`In a systematic sample, the random
`selection of a starting point in the first sample block followed
`by taking that value in the same position in every succeeding
`block.
`[ ‘ran-dem ‘start )
`random storage See random-access memory.
`ii 1
`[CRYSTAL] A crystal structure in which
`random structure
`different types of atoms are associated with the various points
`in a crystal lattice in a random fashion.
`{
`'ran'd9m 'str9k'
`char ]
`random superimposed coding [COMPUT sci] A system of
`coding in which a set of random numbers is assigned to each
`concept to be encoded; with punched cards, each number cor-
`responds to some one hole to be punched in a given field.
`{ ‘ran-
`dom fisii-per-im'p<')zd 'k6d‘ir_] ]
`{ ‘ran-dam tre'v9rs }
`random traverse See random line.
`random variable [MATH] A measurable function on a prob-
`ability space; usually real valued, but possibly with values in a
`general measurable space. Also known as chance variable;
`stochastic variable; variate.
`[ ‘ran-dam 'ver-é-9-bel }
`random vector See diverse vector.
`[ ‘ran-dem 'vek-ter }
`random vibration [MECH] A varying force acting on a me-
`chanical system which may be considered to be the sum of a
`large number of irregularly timed small shocks; induced typi-
`cally by aerodynamic turbulence, airborne noise from rocket
`jets, and transportation over road surfaces.
`[ ‘ran-dam vi'bra-
`shen ]
`random walk [MATH] A succession of movements along line
`segments where the direction and possibly the length of each
`move is randomly determined.
`[ ‘ran-dam ‘wok ]
`random winding [ELEC] A coil winding in which the turns
`are positioned haphazardly rather than in layers.
`{ ‘ran-dom
`‘wind'iI_] }
`[MET] A nickel powder prepared from an alloy
`Haney nickel
`of nickel and aluminum in equal parts by preferentially dissolv-
`ing the aluminum in a warm solution of sodium hydroxide.
`(
`'ra-né ,nik~9l }
`rang
`[PETR] A unit of subdivision in the C.I.P.W. (Cross-
`Iddings-Pirsson—Washington) classification of igneous rocks.
`i ran )
`[civ ENG] Any series of contiguous townships of the
`range
`U.S. Public Land Survey system.
`[COMMUN]
`1. In printing
`telegraphy, that fraction of a perfect signal element through
`which the time of selection may be varied to occur earlier or
`later than the normal time of selection without causing errors
`while signals are being received; the range of a printing tele-
`graph receiving device is commonly measured in percent of a
`perfect signal element by adjusting the indicator. 2. Upper and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`‘iiBED;-‘T-§9..§'.=_".D.-9§—55$33387!'45‘Earfi.*‘5§$ii‘-T§
`
`

`
`cw; fuel element
`
`ready-mixed concrete
`
`1659
`
`{
`
`‘red a,rai'ind
`
`[ ré‘ak-tar 'fyul
`fiWfue|element See nuclear fuel element.
`..
`ant l
`_
`iigfuet pelletSee nuclear fuel pellet.
`{ re'ak-tor 'fyul ,pel-
`fil
`riod
`[NUCLEO] The time required for the power of
`rpe
`.
`.
`flcmlem reactor to increase by a factor of e —' 2.72 for a given
`I
`. “Cation C0l'1StaIE[.
`{ re'ak-tar ,pir~e~ed }
`.
`V
`fllflfrphysics
`[NUCLEO] The science of the interaction of
`9°”
`articles and radiations characteristic of nuclear
`clgmfima-ry p
`_
`_|
`_
`*'
`‘swim matter in bulk.
`{ re ak-tar ,fiz-iks }
`fiwrvessei
`[NUCLEO] A large tanklike structure built to
`£21! radioactive materials from escaping from the reactor
`fiassocjated equipment.
`{ re'a.k-tor ,ves-9l_]
`|
`id [COMMUN] To understand clearly, as in radio commu-
`_
`-on.
`[COMPUT SCI]
`1. To acquire information, usually
`‘an
`orm of stora e in a com uter. 2. To convert ma -
`rmsomef
`E
`P
`_
`_
`_
`8
`’=W°‘5’%“““°‘Z§:;§:?.”§§.’;,i‘1‘iii:;‘,ti§’.§f.f;‘i§aEri;“i,’;‘lf§.i;
`turcrkl
`‘’ 36“
`_
`‘mdmacharge storage tube.
`{ red }
`_
`"ground number See read-around ratio.
`rl
`gt-around ratio [COMPUT sci] The number of times that a
`‘cum bit in electrostatic storage may be read without seri-
`ml’ affecting nearby bits. Also known as read-around num-
`| ‘red a,raund ,ra-sho ]
`'
`{ ‘red,bak _,chek }
`ad-back check See echo check.
`mddiode [ELECTR] Ahigh-frequency semiconductor diode
`,,m]5t;ing of an avalanching pn junction, biased to fields of
`'
`hundred thousand volts er centimeter, at one end of a
`will
`.
`.
`P
`.
`figirresistaiice carrier serving as a drift space for the charge
`mi¢;s_
`{ ‘red ,di,6d }
`gder
`[COMPUT sci] Adevice that converts information from
`mefonn to another, as from punched paper tape to magnetic
`gs,
`[GRAPHICS] A projection device for viewing an enlarged
`gicroimage with the unaided eye.
`{ ‘red-er }
`mder-interpreter
`[COMPUT sci] A service routine that reads
`ninput string, stores programs and data on random-access
`mi-age for later processing, identifies the control infomiation
`wntained in the in ut strin , and stores this control information
`.
`p
`. g
`.
`.
`xcparately in the appropriate control lists.
`{ ‘red-or in't9r-pr9d-
`irl
`[COMPUT sci] An input/output unit
`iaader-punch equipment
`which can unch com uter results on cards and read card data
`.
`p
`p
`.
`.
`ntotliecomputer.
`{ ‘red-er 'p9nch i,kwip-mant )
`iuderror
`[COMPUT sci] A condition in which the content of
`astoiage device cannot be electronicall
`identified.
`‘red er‘
`it
`D
`I
`y
`Ieadihead
`[COMPUT sci] A device that converts digital infor-
`Iittion stored on a magnetic tape, drum, or disk into electrical
`signals usable by the computer arithmetic unit.
`{ ‘red ,hed }
`Iead-ln
`[COMPUT sci] To sense information contained in some
`mice and transmit this information to an internal storage.
`l ‘tédfiin ]
`Mdiness review [COMPUT sci] An on-site examination of
`53adequacy of preparations for effective utilization upon in-
`fillation of a computer, and to identify any necessary corrective
`lllons.
`[_'red-i-nos ri,vyii }
`htllness time
`[ENG] The len th of time re uired to obtain
`my
`3 _
`Cl
`_
`_
`lllled system ready to perform its intended function (read-
`‘33 lime includes warm-up time); the time is measured from
`'P0lI1t_when the system is unassembled or uninstalled to such
`as it can be expected to perform as accurately as at any
`_“m€; maintenance time is excluded from readiness time.
`h°d'§'nas ,tim }
`“"9 _lENG]
`1. The indication shown by an instrument. 2.
`:‘]°“:f19n of the readings of one or more instruments.
`[MOL
`_
`linear process by which amino acid sequences are
`d by the protein-synthesizing system of a cell from
`"‘§€nger ribonucleic codes.
`{
`'rEd-irJ }
`.
`f"?l_11e
`[MOL BIO] A nucleotide sequence that starts
`all initiation codon, partitions the subsequent nucleotides
`.
`hgnffnes of amino acid—encoding triplets, and ends with a
`In “On codon.
`{ ‘red-iij ,fram }
`mlfmlcroscopes
`[OPTICS] Aset of microscopes used to
`hermfi division circle of a transit circle in order to precisely
`ha
`_“'1e
`the inclination of the telescope.
`{
`'red‘ir