“solved every nightmarish problem
`I had with Windows.”
`
`—Wes Thomas, Contributing Editor, I/Vindows Joumai on Irl/.-‘na‘ows 3 Secrets
`
`
`
`In ‘T
`
`Customize Windows 3.0 & 3.1
`for Maximum Performance
`
`Loaded with fleg
`Undocumented Features,
`Workarounds, Bug Alerts,
`and Expert Tips
`TrueTYPe Font Secrets
`Revealed
`
`Optimizing DOS 5 and
`QEMM for Windows
`
`Proven Network
`Troubleshooting Tips
`
`1::
`Inside! The Best in
`=3-»1
`WindowsSI1areware.;3g;5
`T
`‘
`.
`II
`-
`K
`W I
`Three 5 ‘H4 DIS|ICS-
`lxilckcnorif
`o
`r_
`3__I Over an Programs!
`E*{,‘_.’.‘.‘.,‘3«‘,?.“,L’E'
`
`infoWon'dWindows Coiumnist
`
`-Apple 1Po54i i
`U.S. Pat. 8,504,746
`
`Apple 1054
`U.S. Pat. 8,504,746
`
`

`
`Here's praise for the first edition ..................... I
`
`
`more undocumented features, tips,
`other Windows book. "
`& Brent Heslop, Computer Currents
`
`Managing Editor, Windows Shopper's Guide
`
`...£"",.a·~<, is a storehouse offacts and figures that will
`to get more out of Windows . ... Get Brian
`book."
`Swan, PC Techniques
`
`is just too much great stuff here . ... Simply stated, this
`a must for serious programmers. "
`Mitchell Waite, BasicPro Magazine
`
`"This is the most thorough, well-researched, and in-depth computer
`book I've ever seen. It solved every nightmarish problem I had
`with Windows. "
`- Wes Thomas, Contributing Editor, Windows Journal
`
`"Windows 3 Secrets is full ofjuicy tidbits for real Windows users. I
`use it myself!"
`- Stewart Alsop, Editor-in-Chief, Info World
`
`

`
`INFO
`WORLD
`
`Windows 3.1
`
`SECRETS
`
`
`By Brian Livingston
`Info World Windows Columnist
`
`Foreword by Cheryl Currid
`President, Currid & Company
`
`IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
`
`An International Data Group Company
`
`San Mateo, California 94402
`
`
`

`
`Windows 3.1 SECRETS
`
`Published by
`
`lOG Books Worldwide, Inc.
`
`An International Data Group Company
`
`155 Bovet Road, Suite 610
`
`San Mateo, CA 94402
`
`415-312-0650
`
`
`Copyright ©1992 by Brian Livingston. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
`
`reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means (electronic, photocopying, recording.
`
`or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 92-70931
`
`
`ISBN 1-878058-43-6
`
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`
`10987654
`
`
`Distributed in the United States by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
`
`Distributed in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a Division of Canada Publishing Corporation;
`
`by Woodslane Pty. Ltd. in Australia; and by Computer Bookshops in the U.K.
`
`
`For information on translations and availability in other countries, contact Marc Mikulich,
`
`Foreign Rights Manager, at IDG Books Worldwide. Fax: 415-358-1260.
`
`
`For sales inquiries and special prices for bulk quantities, write to the address above or call
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`IDG Books Worldwide at 415-312-0650.
`
`
`Trademarks: Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other brand names and
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`product names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks, or trade names of
`
`their respective holders. IDG Books Worldwide and Info World are not associated with
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`Microsoft or any other product or vendor mentioned in this book. InfoWorld is a trademark of
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`InfoWorid Publishing, Inc .... SECRETS Computer Books/Software Series from IDGTM is a
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`registered trademark of IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
`
`
`Limits of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The author and publisher of this book have used
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`of this book for details regarding the included disks.
`
`
`Portions of this book are reprinted with permission from Info World.
`
`

`
`• •••••••••••••••••
`
`"True to the name, there are lots ofundocumented hints that can
`make life easier for the intermediate and advanced user ... For
`those who want to dive deep into Windows, this is the book!"
`- Peter H. Lewis, The New York Times
`
`"Readable, friendly, andpacked with information, every regular
`Windows user will find at least one niftyfix between these covers. "
`- Tim Phillips, Personal Computer Magazine, UK
`
`"Inside are literally thousands oflittle-known tidbits . . . "
`- Gordon McComb, Computer Buyer's Guide & Handbook
`
`"Windows 3 Secrets is packed with information you can't get
`anywhere else."
`- Daniel J. Willis, Senior Analyst, 3M Corporation
`
`"To Brian Livingston, author ofWindows 3 Secrets: EDOS might
`never have been, were it notfor the inspiration I received from this
`book. Brian's book has been combed from cover to cover, for
`months. It is the book Ifall asleep reading. There may not be any
`end to the gold mine that lies within it. Every day I wonder how I
`canfind any more insights; and then Ifind another."
`- Michael Maurice, President, Mom's Software
`
`"Of all the Windows books out there, Windows 3 Secrets is the
`one that stays on my desk."
`-
`Jennifer L. Palonus, CEO, Graphical Dynamics, and
`coauthor of Windows 3 Power Tools
`
`••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
`
`

`
`The 100 Secrets Advantage
`Windows 3.1 Secrets is part of the Info World Secrets series of books, brought
`to you by lOG Books Worldwide. The designers of the Secrets series under­
`stand that you appreciate insightful and comprehensive works from com­
`puter experts. Authorities in their respective areas, the authors of the
`Secrets books have been selected for their ability to enrich your daily
`computing tasks.
`
`The formula for a book in the Secrets series is simple: Give an expert author
`a forum to pass on his or her expertise to readers. A Secrets author, rather
`than the publishing company, directs the organization, pace, and treatment
`of the subject matter. Secrets authors maintain close contact with end users
`through column feedback, user group participation, and consulting work.
`The authors' close contact with the needs of computer users gives the
`Secrets books a strategic advantage over most computer books. Our authors
`do not distance themselves from the reality of daily computing, but rather,
`our authors are directly tied to the reader response stream.
`
`We believe that the author has the experience to approach a topic in the
`most efficient manner, and we know that you, the reader, will benefit from a
`"one-to-one" relationship, through the text, with the author. The author's
`voice is always present in a Secrets series book. Some have compared the
`presentation of a topic in a Secrets book to sitting at a coffee break with the
`author and having the author's full attention.
`
`And of course, the author is free to include or recommend useful software,
`both shareware and proprietary, in a Secrets series book. The software that
`accompanies a Secrets book is not intended as casual filler. The software is
`strategically linked to the content, theme, or procedures of the book. We
`expect that you will receive a real and direct benefit from the included
`software.
`
`You will find this book comprehensive whether you read it cover to cover,
`section to section, or simply a topic at a time. As a Windows user, you
`deserve a comprehensive and informative resource of answers that
`Windows 3.1 Secrets delivers.
`
`- David Solomon
`Publishing Director
`
`

`
`Dedication
`
`This book is dedicated to my wife, Margie.
`
`Acknowledgement
`The publisher would like to give special thanks to Bill Murphy, without
`whom this book would not have been possible.
`
`

`
`About 100 Books Worldwide
`Welcome to the world of lOG Books Worldwide.
`
`IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., is a division of International Oata Group (lOG), the
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`
`

`
`About the Author
`Brian Livingston, Info World Windows Columnist, is the president of Windows
`Consulting in the Seattle, Washington area, which specializes in converting
`companies from character-based to graphically based applications.
`
`Mr. Livingston has been involved with computers since 1968, when he first
`learned programming in Fortran N on the IBM 360 mainframe series.
`
`After working in mainframe environments, Mr. Livingston moved to the DEC
`VAX architecture. In this setting, he concentrated on developing minicom­
`puter database applications for a variety of companies. He was responsible
`for the development of early electronic-funds transfer software, and accom­
`plished one of the first successful merge-purge operations to combine voter­
`registration lists with 1980 U.S. Census data.
`
`Most recently, Mr. Livingston has been responsible for projects using the
`Windows and Macintosh environments across networks. He has helped
`companies convert from DOS to a complete suite of Windows applications,
`as well as move from copper-based to fiber-optic networks.
`
`Mr. Livingston is a contributing editor to Info World and Systems Integration
`magazines, and a member of PC World's User Advisory Board. He was a
`member of the Board of Directors of the Microcomputer Managers Associa­
`tion from 1987 to 1991, and chaired the Micro Standards Committee, spon­
`sored by the MMA and others, for two years. Mr. Livingston frequently
`speaks at such events as Comdex, PC Expo, the Windows & OS/2 Conference,
`Unix Expo, and other industry conferences.
`
`

`
`President and Publisher
`John J. Kilcullen
`
`Publishing Director
`David Solomon
`
`Project Editor
`Janna Custer
`
`Production Director
`Lana J. Olson
`
`Technical Reviewer
`Daniel J. Willis
`
`Quality Assurance
`Victor R. Garza, Info World Test Center
`
`Programming
`Morris Wilson, Wilson WindowWare
`
`Editorial Assistant
`Margaret Bonar
`
`Text Preparation and Proofreading
`Shirley E. Coe
`
`Dana Sadoff
`
`
`Book Design and Production a
`
`Indexer
`TyKoontz
`
`Peppy White
`Francette M. Ytsma
`Kathy Smith
`University Graphics, Palo Alto, California
`
`• • •
`\1 r-a phi C S
`U n I v e r Sit Y
`1
`
`

`
`Contents at a Glance
`
`
`Chapter 1: Read This First ............................................................................. 1
`
`Section A: Windows -It Just Keeps Getting Better .................... 13
`
`: The Secrets of Windows 3.1 ...................................................... 15
`Chapter 2
`
`Chapter 3: The Secrets of True Type ........................................................... 39
`
`Section B: Optimizing Your Windows Start-Up ............................. 67
`
`Chapter 4: Customizing Your Windows Start-Up ....................................... 69
`
`Chapter 5: Secrets of the Windows Appiets ............................................. 119
`
`Chapter 6: Secrets of Windows Applications ............................................ 157
`
`: Secrets of DOS Under Windows .............................................. 205
`Chapter 7
`
`Chapter 8: Programming in WordBasic .................................................... 311
`
`Section C: Exploiting Your Hardware .......................................... 369
`
`Chapter 9: Computers ................................................................................ 371
`
`: Disk Drives ............................................................................. .421
`Chapter 10
`
`Chapter 11: Keyboards ............................................................................... 459
`
`Chapter 12: Mice & POinting Devices ........................................................ 487
`
`: Modems and Communications .............................................. 509
`Chapter 13
`
`
`: Networks ................................................................................. 531
`Chapter 14
`: Printers ................................................................................... 575
`Chapter 15
`
`Chapter 16: Video Boards & Monitors ...................................................... 619
`
`Section D: Configuring Your System ............................................ 651
`
`Chapter 17: Installing and Configuring Windows ..................................... 653
`
`Chapter 18: Using Memory Managers ....................................................... 685
`
`Chapter 19: Configuring DOS 5 for Windows ............................................ 711
`
`Chapter 20: The Windows *.INI Files ......................................................... 725
`
`Chapter 21: Converting Your Company to Windows ............................... 745
`
`Section E: Excellence in Windows Shareware ............................ 777
`
`The Best in Windows Shareware ............................................................... 779
`
`Appendix A: Windows Technical Support
`
`and CompuServe ...................................................... 929
`
`Appendix B: Windows Information Resources ........................... 933
`
`Index ................................................................................................... 937
`
`Complete Installation for the Windows 3.1 Secrets Disks ....... 989
`
`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`
`: Read This First .............................................................. 1
`Chapter 1
`
`How to Use This Book .................................................................................... 1
`
`Who This Book Is For ................................................................................. 2
`
`Differences Between Windows 3.1 and 3.0 ............................................... 3
`
`How Commands are Explained ................................................................. 3
`
`Windows Terms .........................................................................................4
`
`How to Find the Good Parts ........................................................................... 5
`
`The Icons .................................................................................................... 5
`
`The Book's Overall Structure .................................................................... 6
`
`Giving You the Best Explanation Possible .................................................... 9
`
`As Windows Evolves ...................................................................................... 9
`
`Why I'm Telling You All This ....................................................................... 10
`
`Where Are the Acknowledgments? ............................................................. 11
`
`
`Section A: Windows -
`
`It Just Keeps Getting Better .................... 13
`
`
`: The Secrets of Windows 3.1 ...................................... 15
`Chapter 2
`
`The Arrival of Windows 3.1 .......................................................................... 15
`
`What's New in Windows 3.1 .................................................................... 16
`
`New Features for Windows Applications .................................................... 17
`
`TrueType .................................................................................................. 17
`
`Object Linking and Embedding ............................................................... 17
`
`How OLE Works ................................................................................... 18
`
`OLE: DDE That Works .......................................................................... 18
`
`Better Dynamic Data Exchanges ............................................................. 19
`
`Drag-and-Drop .......................................................................................... 20
`
`The End of the UAE Message Box ........................................................... 21
`
`New Capabilities for Windows Applications ............................................... 22
`
`Self-loading Executables .......................................................................... 22
`
`TOOLHELP.DLL Improves Access to Windows 3.1 ................................ 22
`
`New Features of Windows Applets .............................................................. 23
`
`New Control Panel Configuration Choices ............................................. 24
`
`The New Windows 3.1 File Manager ....................................................... 25
`
`A SmartDrive That's a Little Smarter ...................................................... 27
`
`Help That's Really Helpful ....................................................................... 28
`
`Multimedia and Pen Windows ..................................................................... 28
`
`Better DOS than DOS .................................................................................... 29
`
`Networking .................................................................................................... 31
`
`
`

`
`__________________Table of Contents
`
`System Administration ................................................................................. 32
`
`Windows 3.1 Anomalies ............................................................................... 34
`
`Disk Compression TSRs ........................................................................... 34
`
`Virus Checkers ......................................................................................... 35
`
`Stupid DOS Tricks .................................................................................... 36
`
`Multiple Boot Configurations .................................................................. 36
`
`N/ A in Windows 3.1 ...................................................................................... 36
`
`Real Mode Becomes an Unreal Mode at Last ......................................... 37
`
`Missing in Action: The Windows Executive ........................................... 37
`
`Summary ....................................................................................................... 38
`
`
`Chapter 3: The Secrets of TrueType ........................................... 39
`
`The Arrival of TrueType for Windows ........................................................ 39
`
`True Type is Always There ..................................................................... .40
`
`Freedom From Screen Fonts and Printer Fonts .................................... .40
`
`The Emergence of the Metafile Format ................................................. .41
`
`Finally, a Way to Send Your Favorite Typeface ..................................... .41
`
`Giving TrueType Faces "Multiple Master" Capabilities ............................ .44
`
`Automatic Type Fitting ............................................................................ 44
`
`Embedding Your New Typeface .............................................................. 45
`
`Windows 3.1 Brings You a New Cast of Characters .................................. .46
`
`How TrueType Works on Your Screen and Printer .................................. .48
`
`Displaying TrueType on Monitors ......................................................... .49
`
`Printing TrueType on Dot-Matrix Printers ............................................ .49
`
`Printing TrueType on Laser Jet Printers ................................................. 50
`
`Printing TrueType on PostScript Printers .............................................. 51
`
`Differences Between PostScript and TrueType Faces ............................... 52
`
`TrueType Is Included in Windows; PostScript Isn't ............................... 53
`
`Postscript Is Built into Typesetters; TrueType Isn't .............................. 53
`
`TrueType Hints Are in the Font; PostScript's (Mostly) Aren't .............. 54
`
`TrueType and Type 1 Differ on Device Independence .........:'................ 55
`
`How Hinting Affects the Look of Your Type ............................................... 56
`
`Secrets of Arial and Times New Roman ...................................................... 59
`
`Beyond TrueType: Other Scaling Technologies ......................................... 62
`
`Making Your Own Faces .............................................................................. 65
`
`Summary ....................................................................................................... 66
`
`
`Section B: Optimizing Your Windows Start-Up ............................. 67
`
`
`Chapter 4: Customizing Your Windows Start-Up ....... ............... 69
`
`WIN.COM ....................................................................................................... 70
`
`Undocumented Ways to Start Windows ................................................. 70
`
`The Ingredients Inside WIN.COM ............................................................ 75
`
`Making Windows Display Your Own Logo ............................................. 77
`
`
`

`
`Windows 3.1 Secrets__________________
`
`The Windows 3.1 File Manager .................................................................... 81
`
`Configuring Your File Manager ................................................................ 82
`
`A Batch File for Starting Windows .......................................................... 84
`
`Program Manager ......................................................................................... 85
`
`Working with Program Manager as the Windows Shell ........................ 85
`
`Organizing the Program Manager Group Windows ............................... 89
`
`Using the Program Manager to Tune Your Memory .............................. 94
`
`More Program Manager Secrets ............................................................. 98
`
`Recorder ..................................................................................................... 100
`
`Undocumented Features for Making an Autoexec for Windows ........ 100
`
`Seeing the Events You've Recorded ..................................................... III
`
`Macros Won't Run Automatically from WIN.INI ................................... 112
`
`Making an Icon Run a Macro ................................................................. 112
`
`Working Around Macro Recording Limitations ................................... 114
`
`Recording Actions with the Keyboard Instead of a Mouse ................. 116
`
`Alternatives to the Recorder ................................................................. 117
`
`Summary ..................................................................................................... 118
`
`
`Chapter 5: Secrets of the Windows Applets ............................ 119
`
`File Manager ................................................................................................ 120
`
`Adding Your Own Pull-Down Menus to File Manager .......................... 120
`
`Using the File Manager's New, Smaller Fonts ....................................... 122
`
`Printing Directories from File Manager ................................................ 123
`
`AssOCiating Files with Any Number of Extensions ............................... 125
`
`Avoiding Problems That Make Directory Windows Unstable ............. 126
`
`Using File Manager's Folder Icons ......................................................... 128
`
`The Undocumented Way to Show All Directories ............................... 130
`
`A Quick Reference for File Manager ...................................................... 131
`
`The Windows Executive ............................................................................. 131
`
`Using the MS-DOS Executive as a Second Shell .................................... 131
`
`SysEdit ......................................................................................................... 136
`
`WinHelp ....................................................................................................... 138
`
`Your Free Hypertext Applet .................................................................. 138
`
`Other Applets ............................................................................................. 141
`
`Calculator .................................................................................................... 143
`
`The Case of the Missing 'Advanced' Features ...................................... 143
`
`Control Panel .............................................................................................. 145
`
`Shrinking Your Wallpaper ..................................................................... 145
`
`Colors and Patterns May be "Stuck" if Control File is Lost ................. 148
`
`Timeslicing May Allow Incorrect Values .............................................. 148
`
`Notepad ....................................................................................................... 149
`
`Determining Notepad's Maximum File Size .......................................... 149
`
`
`

`
`__________________ Table of Contents
`
`Paintbrush ................................................................................................... 150
`
`16-Color vs. 256-Color Bitmaps ............................................................. 150
`
`Replacing the PrintScreen Function ..................................................... 150
`
`Windows - Upgrade Information ............................................................. 153
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`Version 3.0a Upgrade ............................................................................. 154
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`Version 3.1 Upgrade ............................................................................... 155
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`How to Upgrade ..................................................................................... 155
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`Summary ..................................................................................................... 156
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`Chapter 6: Secrets of Windows Applications .......................... 157
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`Installing Windows Applications ............................................................... 158
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`Don't Install Windows Apps into the Windows Directory ................... 158
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`How to Separate an App from the Windows Directory ....................... 159
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`Upgrading a Windows Application ....................................................... 161
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`Upgrading to New Versions of Windows .............................................. 163
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`Running Windows Applications ................................................................ 165
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`How Shall I Start Thee? Let Me Count the Ways .................................. 165
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`The Fastest Ways to Start Windows Applications ............................... 165
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`Launching without Program Manager or File Manager ....................... 169
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`Running Windows 2.x Apps Under Windows 3.x ................................. 170
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`Running Windows 3.x and 2.x on the Same Computer ........................ 171
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`Protecting Windows Applications ............................................................. 171
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`The Best Add-Ins .................................................................................... 172
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`Optimizing Windows Applications ............................................................ 174
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`Improving Window