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`USOO5l96946A
`
`United States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`[11]
`
`Patent Number:
`
`5,196,946
`
`Date of Patent: Mar. 23, 1993
`Balkanski et al.
`[45]
`
`Assistant Examiner—Barry Stellrecht
`Attorney. Agent, or Firm—-Skjerven, Morrill,
`'MacPherson, Franklin & Friel
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A digital video compression system and an apparatus
`implementing this system- are disclosed. Specifically,
`matrices of pixels in the RGB signal format are con-
`verted into YUV representation, including a step of
`selectively sampling the chrominance components. The
`signals are then subjected to a discrete cosine transform
`(DCT). A circuitry implementing the DCT in a pipe-
`lined architecture is provided. A quantization step elim-
`inates DCT coefficients having amplitude below a set of
`preset
`thresholds. The video signal
`is further com-
`pressed by coding the elements of the quantized matri-
`ces in a zig-zag manner. This representation is further
`compressed by Huffman codes. Decompression of the
`signal is substantially the reverse of compression steps.
`The inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) may be
`implemented by the DCT circuit. Circuits for imple-
`menting RGB to YUV conversion, DCT, quantization,
`coding and their decompression counterparts are dis-
`closed. The circuits may be implemeneted in the form
`an integrated circuit chip.
`
`:54
`
`[751
`
`SYSTEM FOR COMPRESSION AND
`DECOMPRESSION OF VIDEO DATA USING
`DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM AND
`CODING TECHNIQUES
`
`Inventors: Alexandre Balkanski, San Francisco;
`Steve Purcell, Mountain View; James
`Kirkpatrick, San Jose, all of Calif.
`
`;
`
`[731
`
`Assignee:
`
`C-Cube Microsystems, San Jose,
`Calif.
`
`[21]
`
`[221
`
`[511
`[52]
`
`[58]
`
`[561
`
`Appl. No.: 494,242
`
`Mar. 14, 1990
`Filed:
`Int. c1.s ............................................. H04N 1/415
`U.S. Cl. .................................... 358/433; 358/427;
`382/56
`Field of Search ............. .. 353/133, 135, 426, 427,
`358/432, 433, 443, 310; 382/56; 364/725, 726,
`727, 723.01, 826
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,704,628 11/1987 Chen et al. ........................ .. 358/135
`4,847,677
`7/1989 Music et al.
`358/135
`4,858,026
`8/1989 Richards . ... ....... .
`... .. 358/135
`4,910,609
`3/1990 Nicholas et al.
`.................. .. 358/433
`
`
`
`Primary Examiner—Leo H. Boudreau
`
`6 Claims, 94 Drawing Sheets
`
`102-1
`
`ROW/COLUMN
`SELECT
`
`VIDEO BUS
`CNTL.
`
`16
`BLOCK
`
`MEMORY
`DATA U0
`
`13
`UNIT
`
`
`
`
`ADDR
`
`
`
`ROW/COLUMN
`SEPERATE
`
`
`,
`
`
`
`—> VIDEO CLOCK
`
`——’ GND
`
`--~ VCC
`
`Apple 1035
`
`U.S. Pat. 9,189,437
`
`Apple 1035
`U.S. Pat. 9,189,437
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 1 of 94
`
`5,196,946
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 2 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 24 of 94
`
`5,196,946
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 25 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 26 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 27 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 23 of 94
`
`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 29 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 30 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 32 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 33 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 34 of 94
`
`5,196,946
`
`DCT MEMORY VERTICAL WRITE PATTERN
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar 23,1993
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 38 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 39 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 40 of 94
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 42 of 94
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 43 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 44 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 65 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 66 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 67 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`FIG.BC-6
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 68 of 94
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 69 of 94
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 71 of 94
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 73 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 74 of 94
`
`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Mar. 23, 1993
`
`Sheet 75 of 94
`
`5,196,946
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`DIR B
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`U.S. Patent
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`Mar.23, 1993
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`Sheet 76 of 94
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`5,196,946
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`
`U.S. Patent
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`Mar. 23, 1993
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`Sheet 77 of 94
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`5,196,946
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