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`Cromemco Graphics
`
`' Osborne Gets 80 Columns
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`00w Jones Juins BBS
`
`{haw The. Eiecironj: PHEEHE. man 1?.-
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 1
`
`

`

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`The Newsweekly to: Microcompmet Users
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`
`
`Two corpdraie giantsjump into soflware publishing-
`Dow Jones and CBS hop on the bandwagon, but take different routes to purveyng Wares
`some "1' its software internally.
`junction with the Dow Jones News
`By John .tlarkofll 1W Slafl'
`
`liott thal major corporations haw. fir
`CBS. Inc, and Dow Jones at Corn-
`Retrieval electronic information ser-
`Industry analysts [End to see the la-
`nally mcugnized the significance (if
`the aofiware market.
`vice. BS. on the other hand. has con-
`Iest trut‘purate entries as confirmaliun
`_ any have bothrannounced that they
`
`I think that
`lht! real slur-y is our
`nftltttgruw‘l I1 potential nflhe softwarr-
`are entering the sofiwampuhlishing
`n-a led with Ill-Byte Software of Tmy.
`commitnmnt to software publishing.
`buainess
`publishing market.
`'_
`Michigan. to provide games for the:
`he said
`This Is evident-.2 that everyone
`Atari wu- and BOO-series computers.
`The cnrporale giants have Chasen
`Tim Tumor. Dow Jones News Re-
`wanls to gut rm the grqu lrain," said
`IJaIy. a spokesperson for
`Chm-y!
`different roules to approach the
`Jt‘atn Yates, prrsidttnl of Yates Ven-
`(2155. said that in addtion to the lnames
`trieval marketing dtmctur. pointed to
`personalicomputer industry. how-
`lurl'~i a has Altos. (:alilnrnia, mat-kel-
`War.
`thal Iiavnlmrn announced so far. (:85
`recent software market entries by
`. 50f“
`Dow June: has announced a serites
`intends to inlrmlucn "hume manage-
`It company thal specializes in
`John Wiley McGraw-ilill and Irwin
`
`ment and educational 501117:th. She:
`Buoksta DowJones subsidiaryi. aswell
`of business-analysis. softwam pro
`as CBS and Dow Jones. as an indirai
`said Ihal (135 will also hr developing
`"The pmfil margin for winners is
`grams. designed to he used in con-
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`ex pooled othttr Innior tradilional 11ml)-
`lishers In try In l]lJ_V_lhEIl' way inlu
`sultwun- puhlishing by acquiring an
`altready sutures 'l'ul software company.
`Chris Volanis. a proimtl dil‘ttulnr ul
`(Zn-taliv Strategies, in San Juslt. Califurr
`nia. ma kin-research firm. said Ihat he
`Sit-t- .lluu'uutuflfi. pug? 5
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`(Jharlns Moore 3.1m a seminar on image pmtifissulg tphoms by {I Milewskn
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`Earn: January is
`target datefor
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`fit Pqu Frra'hrrgrr. .lllr Slafl'
`Oshawa I rwmrtrs will snort hr aIJIr
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`MlcroPro Int '1
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`stead nl‘singlr. (lunar Iv
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`511- Untlmrm' trpgmtlrn pugr- .1
`
`
`IN FOCUS
`INDEX
`~
`. .1
`. .18
`.21
`.23
`.31
`.32
`
`
`
`I
`
`Engineers monitor in-
`formation flow in vast
`packet-switching net-
`work. Our In Focus sec-
`tion. Personal Com-
`puters Communlcate.
`starts on page 21.
`
`Software Flevlaws. .
`Software News .
`.
`.
`.
`Hardware Flavlew . .
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`. .34
`.
`. .34
`.
`. . .62
`
`
`
`This Week. .
`.
`Graphics. .
`.
`.
`In Focus .
`.
`.
`Viewa.......
`Inside Track .
`
`.
`
`Feedbagk .
`
`.
`
`.
`
`November I. 1'932
`
`lnfoWofld
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 2
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 2
`
`

`

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`lnfoWafld
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`November I. 1982
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 3
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 3
`
`

`

`m.
`
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`
`IN Ifocvs:
`. PERSONAE‘COMPUTERS
`
`COMMIHVIGITE
`
`See Sofiwa m, page 22
`
`
`
`By John Markofij IWSlafi"
`Rich Schlnnel's compuler rarely §leeps.
`Located in his home in Bockville, Maryland. his IBM PC silently runs a software
`program that allows other computer users to log onto it all hours of the day and
`night.
`-
`-
`4
`And call they do.‘Since setiing up his system to accept public calls during the mid-
`dle of the summer, almost 6000 calls have been placed to the system.
`-
`-
`
`November I, 1982
`
`3‘
`
`lly'ol‘l'mid 21
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 4
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 4
`
`

`

`
`
`gofiuare
`wndnmfium prunflngpage
`Unlike most other personal:
`compute-bulletin!)on software that
`is daigrted for electronic omnmwtica-
`tions. however, Sohinnel's host com
`ruminations sofa-rare tHostoommI is
`designed principally for uploading
`and dmvrtloatiing solhsmwritten for
`the IBM Personal Computer.
`Therein lies a simple revolution.
`Personal computers have become
`communications dense-s. and as the
`distinction behveen computers and
`the telephone becomes inc-teasing}-
`murky. a grain-mots movement
`is
`springing up around transferring
`sol’fwm directly bemeen computers.
`software publishing companies
`
`amn'tabouttobelefl Duteill’tw.Anew
`industry based on the electronic
`transntission dsoftwate-vbmhgames
`and business pmgrama—is on the
`verge of blossoming, and giant con-
`glomerates such as CBS. Time-Life.
`[no and Knight Ridde mulling its
`potmtial on the sideline.
`Still. as in the pamnal—oompulet'ln-
`dustry before it. individuals and hub
`hoists have led the way in cpmputer
`communications.
`The author of Hostcomm. Don
`\‘l'ttl'tmw. wrote the: downloading pro-
`gram on a dare arm a bet. Schinnet bet
`him a steak dinner Ihat he couldn‘t
`write a program in two weeks that
`would allow Schinnel lo call and leave
`a message on Withm-w‘s IBM PC while
`he was away from his computer.
`
`“fill-LtwtlidiL and mepmgramm
`mallygtw, aflermanymriaions. lobe-
`oume Hostwmm.
`Another programmer. Andrew
`Fluegelman. mote a popuhr apron-mo
`mum
`hr the [BM PC and
`released it to the public under a
`contzpt that gives users
`theoption tipayingfortheprogramii
`they findil helpful.
`'
`Fluegelman has found thal PC-
`TALK has developed an electronic life
`ofits arm: it has appeared on many
`computers for dmnloading and has
`been passed from system to system.
`what has started at a person-to
`person let-el is about to be [rans-
`lormed overnight. The term tele-
`sofitnrm has emerged. and software
`publishing house-5. computer manu-
`
`tficl'uta-a and even table
`ate ‘
`‘to'get into the not.
`to an-
`inc" is“
`cahlmaletaxt
`'
`nouijioe atoll-ch ‘
`Wt lit-San Diego. Califomia.
`man-ands. Florida. thatwill utilize
`abet-ironically transmitted dam to
`indent! the users ability to manipu-
`late information The effective data
`rate of the syxta‘l'n. which utilizes the
`full bandwidth of a television ehannl.
`will be between {our and five
`megabit;
`Bill von Melater, one of the original
`Founders of The Sam Teleenmput-
`ins Corporation. has set upa new-ves-
`lw‘e, Creative Associates. lhal plans to
`WI Gameline. a plug-in HOD-baud
`modem for Man"? new Video-game
`machine.
`_
`:r.‘
`The System allows users to
`download and play video arcade
`games in their homes. The game
`software will reside in RAM and self-
`deatruct after a certain number of
`. plays.
`
`
`
`Telesoi’tware will
`soon become mutine
`
`_
`partly because
`computer users want
`instant gratification.
`
`Von Holster is planning to call the
`modem module for 539.95 and dame
`fit each film played. although users
`willbe paying onlya ll'actlonofwhat
`ooin-opmaled arcades now cost.
`Already in existence is Mable, a
`iulntventgre olMattel and Canon] In-
`strument. a large cable-equipment
`manufacmmr. HayCable allows cable
`subscribers to download games into
`lnlelltvt’aion sets and play them an un-
`limited number oi limel for a flat
`monthly fee.
`_
`Camel-tare. which owns 't‘a'rget
`Schwartz and is a computer network
`and numbering company. is looking
`closely at plans to use its network
`nodes as an electronic distribution
`point for software, Cot-nature has
`many gem points in Eumpe and
`the United kingdom.
`In England, the British Bmadcaating
`Company lBBCJ has been bmadcaat-
`i113 teletext militate to coats of Mom
`personal computers for several years.
`Cunently the aofiwam ia education—
`ally oriented: however. the BBC may
`soon send awidcr range of aoflwate.
`in this country. National Eublic fla-
`diu (NPR! and the National Information
`Utility Cm-poration have announced
`plans to broadcast sofiwam to pen
`mnal computers over the FM carrier
`sideband of NPR stations. Pemonal
`computers would be fitted with a
`"black box" receiver that would cap-
`ture the transmissions and automatii
`Cally download software.
`Although“ claims that it has no in-
`tention ofmoving into the teleeoflware
`market itselfl Radio Shack will soon
`market a system that makes small-
`scale telesofiware business an altrac-
`live possibilityk Ron Slogan. Radio
`Shack'a vice-president of computer
`merchandising. notes that the com-
`pany slnaady 03m a multiplexer that
`simultaneously aflowa‘ts callers to ac-
`cess their: Model 16 computers and al-_.
`low them to function as a small‘
`hustvinfiaflnnlit‘ln utility. By June 1983
`
`_
`
`' “WIle
`.
`.
`in?“ . _
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 5
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 5
`
`

`

`
`
`In Focus ‘
`
`Holland is optimistic about the fu-
`lure of telesufiwaze. and hepoints out
`that many maior software publishers
`HIE at least studying the questions it
`poses.
`"Why mail floppy disks, or even go
`layour computer store, when you can
`get software electronically" he wants
`to knot-v.
`It Won't happen wen-tight. though.
`Another indication that telesofiwate
`won't
`replace traditional
`salcb
`methods immediately it; the experi
`ence of The source and CompuServe
`Both compania have adopted cau'—
`tiouts strategies in the area of tele-
`software
`CompuServe has the larger pro
`gram. called Software Exchange. Ac
`cording [o CompuSewe's editorial
`
`director. Richard Baker. the Software
`Exchange catalog contains approxiv
`mately tit) progran‘ts ranging from low-
`cost word processors to graphic
`plotters forthe Apple 11. The pmgrama
`range in price from $3.99 to 5125. When
`a CompuServe user orders a copy of a
`program the hoslcnmputerautomati-
`cally adds the cost of the software-lo
`Illa bill.
`Although Baker says the service is a
`popular one. Courtqu has so far.
`anyway. not madean effort to ofler ma-
`ior software brands through the sec
`Vice.
`_
`the source appears even more cau-
`tions. Spokeaman Mike Kawl says that
`the Reader's Digest subsidiary is now
`offering a limited downloading ratta-
`bility to owners of Texas Instruments
`
`computers through a uaeni' group ser
`vice. but it has not yet gone beyond
`this stage.
`_
`"We've been looking at it for ayear."
`he says, "but we have yet to resolve a
`numberafthings."
`Among the prominent unresolved
`problems that flaw] points out are
`aupport.. transmission time and
`software maintenance.
`"1 don't
`think electronic soflware
`will takegverany more than electronic
`newspapers wiil," ll.an says.
`instead. electronic sot’tware is likely
`to occur first
`in what are known as
`"vertical markets." He speculated that
`before long something such as "Ameri-
`can Medical Association approved
`software." for example, might appear
`on the scene.
`
`Brother
`You’ve
`Arrtved I
`
`allymrmoat
`anotselevelcompflithDamlpflha .-
`TheHR-l ismavatlalflewifltqmmopdmwhlda
`swammmmfaflddhmh
`mawmmdagnmm
`“WW. w
`'-:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Radio Shack plans to announce a
`software package that will allow
`downloading of software from the sys—
`tern.
`Stegall said that land-grant universi-
`ties that provide public-domain agri-
`culturally oriented software to farmers
`are expressing interest inand support
`for such asystem.
`Finally. the Gail) Compass com-
`puter, a high-priced portable with a
`built-in IZOD-baud modem. exten-
`sively
`uses
`software
`that
`is
`dowuloaded from "GRlD Central." an
`IBM min'tcornputer.
`It's an impressive my. however. to
`date there lti clearly more smoke than
`line. With the videotex industry still
`struggling to get ufi'the ground. it's not
`unreasonable to question howan even
`more complex telesoftware business
`might emerge
`
`Personal computers
`would be fitted with
`' black box ’ receivers to
`
`captu re transm issions
`and automatically
`download software.
`.
`I
`In fact, it‘s likely that a synergy will
`develop between till:
`two One engi-
`neer. a key insider in the videotex
`duslry who preferred anonymity. ts
`confident
`that shortcomtngsr in that
`industtywill tome the development of
`software.
`"People will only look at telctexl for
`so long before they start to ask t‘Vhy
`am I doing this?" l'elesottwal‘e issuing
`nl'texl.” hr.- said.
`give people more than stupid screens
`Hubert lipimki. a mammh tell0w at
`the lnstilulc ID!‘ the l‘uturc in Menlo
`Park. California. 35120.5.
`"II
`trtakeb a lot more sense to
`download software rather than time
`sharing on a mainframe computer.
`You only need one-way transmis—
`sions." he. said
`Kenneth Husnntwanh. president at
`IHD ilt Nunvolk. (Zunnteciithi. argues
`that ttrlcttultwant hour: will become a
`routine occunence partly because oi
`[Juraottal-txtrnputt-r user: desire for
`instant gratification.
`'
`Significantly. he also notes that
`_ ontputer stores have an alumnus rea-
`son to oppose strongly the onset of
`tclcsultware;
`it will eventually cut
`significantly into their sales by allow-
`ing aol'rware publishers to bypass
`them
`‘
`'
`"‘l‘eieso fiwate it, simply another way
`urn-rapping the software package." he -
`says. "and the user really doesn‘t rare
`whether it CUme with Ltlue ribbon or
`pink I't'blion.'
`There are alill significant baniers.
`One critical ptohiern that designers
`face is that each program transmitted
`electronically to a punzhatser‘a com-
`puter must he bit-for-hit arcuratc
`There is no mom for error.
`"You need error checking.‘ says
`Gaiy Holland. vice-presujertt of Info
`Systems Marketing in “‘illon. Con-
`necticut. "To do that. you need special
`'sofrwate on the personal computer."
`Healao points out that occurrences of
`errors are becoming less frequent as
`communications software becomes
`more intelligent.
`
` n.
`
`
`BllDTllEII llll-l I I'l‘IIIJI cuss PlllllTEI
`
`“Minuet-and u.-
`BROTHER INDUSTRIES. LTD.
`
`.
`
`F..-
`
`tm tire an at will millilitres or Tltt to: arrears rm mum MIEE“
`
`g
`
`i
`
`out-tbqu by
`Dynax
`A'DWiSION or KANEMA'rau-Go 5H0 tu.s.a.t me.
`:3: South New ale-II. Built. m. LDI Ann-ha. car loan
`
`‘Novcmber h 1352
`
`Info [Valid
`
`23
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 6
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 6
`
`

`

`&
`
`
`
`.In Focus '
`
`Packet-snitchng neMorks acces remote data bases -
`
`mallyyou do that by phone lines. but If
`you and the information provider are '
`hundreds or even thousands of mil 2"
`apart. you can BchleinfiK r»
`longidistanoeip
`every month.
`Mienecofiiputer users are lost dia-
`‘iovering a problem that big bust-
`nesses with large mainframe com-
`puters faced and soltiad more than 10
`years ago—namely. how to hook up
`computers and their-terminals over
`-
`mote distances Mmqul going bring
`From a set-lee ofexpetfltsients._lhe solut
`tion to this problem involved into what
`
`5)- Tom Shani, msrafl'
`education.
`neering. medicine,
`Beginning personal-computerusers
`business. social scienaé and the hu-
`‘rnaniti.
`"5
`don't stay novices for long: sooner or
`Jatplan oEera a personalized flight-
`later they want to "reach out and
`touch someone" with their rnicmcom‘
`advisory service for,
`ilots of iets and
`peters. when that urge strikes. they
`turboprop planes.
`5 Credit Data
`service contains information on the
`begin to shop for a source ofinforma-
`lion
`'
`credit ratings of more than 7'0 million
`oonsumem.
`Tl'ieworld is full ofintarmau'on pro—
`You can find and access informa-
`viders. host computers with that data
`' baaesthatcontaln alt kinds Minion-na-
`tion on weather patients. modern art.
`housing and more than 900,000 thorn
`tion. For example, Dow Jones. the ser-
`oughbred horses baled since 1920.
`vice that provides stock quotations.
`Access to all this informaan oasis
`Domains a vast amount of (interlock-
`money. of course. There are a be-
`heed'a Dialog has more than 100 data
`bases with iniorrnaiion on such sub-
`wildering variety of payment plans for
`aooess lo the information. Normally.
`}acts as physical sciences, engi-
`
`though. using a data base is a little like
`mnfirgaeanyoustartwithabaae
`price for the service and Ihan you pay
`a variable amountbaaed on how much
`you dn've It. With information pm-
`videra. you usually pay it connect
`charge plus a varying-ate that‘s gased'
`on how long yoquoe [homer]? orthe
`number of chara’ét'ers that pass be-
`tween your miu'o and the host oom-
`outer.
`So far everything's pretty simple.
`There's you. who wants information.
`and your microcomputer Then
`there‘s a host computer uoniaining in:
`formation thal you \rfiflll. Now all you
`need to do in connect the 1WD. Nor»
`
`l
`
`
`
`three-node rrluarer connected with
`memory .ithufll'lrrs
`
`are Halli-iii packflflc‘hin‘g networks.
`Born nf man'a' o la impulse In my
`done the phone bill.
`two packet-
`swiiehing networks. Telenet taunted
`by (i'l‘l—Il In Vienna, Virginia. and Tymr
`mil
`in San Jose. (California. eventually I.
`ll-‘t‘ilt'nl' mmmon carriers themselveei.
`inemfieil hy the FCC
`'l'hette networks am so big and lucra-
`tive. Iliat A'l'o T is willing to slice up its
`allal't' oi the. ielecommunicaitoni. pie
`for the privilege ol‘ competing in this
`_.rtiai'|iel
`Like anytime plagued by high phone
`lilL'itai. businesses it‘iel‘l WA'l‘fi
`iw'ide
`area telephone sewicrel
`lines. which
`givi- reduced rates to calls made to l'Er-
`Iain areas
`[hurt
`they leased lines—-
`prim. nI
`tmppttr wires running from
`uns- branch ol t he business to another
`Tl‘li‘sl’ ll'afilitl lines were dedicaled
`i-um'plotiali
`to
`that
`particular
`. lluhllll!fifi—-ab lung as it paid in; lease to
`tlii- phoni- t'umpatiy
`"lion'qu "
`l‘inall}. a technique called packet
`nn'llt'hlnfl emerged as a means of
`allowing data from many senders to
`sham: the same phone line. in packet
`swiltthtng. dpla is separated into
`bursts. or packets. of a fixed length
`: liaise fixedvlength packets. from many
`different sources share the tiamet-han-
`net The usual analogy is that of a
`lretghi train lumbering down the
`tracks with separate boxcars. one
`filled with apples. one with oranges
`and one MLh prunes.
`‘I'he segmented messages in the
`boxuars- are routed to their separate
`and appropriate destinations and
`reassembled there. The process is
`completely invisible to the user.
`it
`takes only a traction ofa second.
`The routing and switching func-
`tions are handled by intelligent nodes
`in the PBCkEI‘JMIChing network
`These :1
`I'l‘ymnet calls them the
`Eng'nel are specie]qu minimm-
`puters They 'paokeiiae" information
`that comes in from users. assemble in,
`formation coming ofl'the network and
`identify which mesaag to keep and
`winch to thB on to the next node. lfa
`phone line fails, the node determines
`l
`
`
`
`
`
`t
`
`
`
`WWBHOW
`MORE'I'IIANPROCESSIHGWORDS.
`ANNOUNCING m" FOR zit-m2:er-
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`JMAGE won to ' marks from
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`'lMAGE certainty deserves
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`
`November 1,1332
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-01520
`
`Page 7
`
`PMC Exhibit 2190
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-01520
`Page 7
`
`

`

`
`
`..1...»-.._....4.5....“a
`
`
`
`'_ lnl'ocus
`West Coast.
`most all ermrs. Thefirm estimates that
`more tech-
`The network has
`a regular user of the newer-k might
`nically advanced over the years. too.
`lose one bit in some on line.
`Spurred by the need to accommodate
`Network computers keep track of
`itself to Mar-let}; aftnoompatihle oom-
`rraflic and bit-accounting.
`too. Inforh
`puters and terminals. it has developed
`mation providers typically pay Tym-
`nel forits services and than the user
`sophisticated protocol-conversion
`tlhe guy With the ntictol pays one bill
`sofiware that. Tymnet says. makes ai-
`mosr any data-communication device
`to the information provider's hnet
`mmparible with the rest of the pet-
`computers. The bill represents the
`work In addition. it allows dissimilar
`agrwdAupon cost oi access to the in-
`protocols and devices to communi-
`Iormation plus 'l‘ymnet'a usage
`cate with each other.
`charge. [Five cents per kilochamcter la
`From ofiicea in San Jose. California.
`the highest rate now levied:
`tymnet technicians monitor the corn-
`so many people and organizations
`new depend on its international net-
`puter‘s that constantly run diagnostics
`and verification tests on the network.
`work. that'tymnet has gone to extraor-
`dinary lengths to insure that its
`Lila-3 all packet-switching network‘s.
`'I‘y'mnet uses powerful enter-checking
`electronics net will keep functioning
`codes that can detect and corrth al-
`even in a disaster
`
`One node in the netvvork monitors
`and maintains the network at all
`times; it is called the Supervisor. In ad— ” _
`dition to the err-line Supervisor. there
`are three backup aupewiaora that are
`inactive and placed at three difl'eiient
`geographical locations. [I songs disas-
`ter wiped out theon-line SupeMaon
`its missing clock pulsewould alert the
`next-In-ltne Supervisor. which would
`then come out ofdormancy.
`The new Supervisor is programmed
`to qulcidy update itself about the not-
`writ's status and conditions by read-
`ing the intormation from a disk pack
`Then the new Supervisor Would take
`over the job of monitoring and min.-
`taining the network If the second Su'2
`pcwisor were destroyed the next one
`would be activated, and so on.
`I
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