`Continuation application being submitted on
`April 15, 2009, attorney docket no 850063.553C4.
`
`IN THE UNITE in STATES PATENT AND TRADEMA:-. __. OFFICE
`:
`Jefferson E. Owen et al.
`:
`03/702,910
`:
`August 26, [996
`
`Applicants
`Application No.
`Filed .
`
`"
`
`-
`
`'
`
`'-
`
`' For
`
`-
`
`:
`
`DECOMPRESSION AND/OR
`VIDEO AND/OR
`COMPRESSION DEVICE THAT SHARES A MEMORY
`
`Examiner
`
`Art Unit
`
`Docket No.
`
`Date
`
`:
`
`:
`
`:
`
`:
`
`Glenn Gossage
`
`2751
`
`96-S- 12 (850063553)
`
`April 12, 1999
`
`Assistant Commissioner for Parents
`.
`Washington, DC20231
`APPOINTMENT OF ASSOCIATE POWER OF ATTOQEX
`
`Sir:
`
`I, Lisa K. Jorgenson, attorney of record in the above-identified application,
`-
`appoint as associate attorneys David V. Carlson, Reg. No. 31,153; Michael J. Donohue,
`Regiistration No. 35,859, Kevin S. Ross, Reg. No. 42,116; Dale C. Barr, Reg. No. 40,498;
`Kevin S. Costanza-, Reg. No. 37,801, Brian L. Johnson-, Reg. No. 40,033, Paul F. Rusyn, Reg.
`. "No. 42,118, Dennis M. de Guzman, Reg. No. 41,702; E. Russell‘ Tarleton, Reg. No.- 31,800,_
`John M, Wechkin-, Reg. No. 42,216; Robert D.‘ McCutcheon, Reg. No. 38,717; and '
`Theodore E. Galanthay, Reg; No. 24,122.
`
`.
`Jorgenson at:
`'
`
`It
`
`is requested that c'orrespond_ence..continue to be addressed to LisaK.
`'
`I
`'
`
`Lisa K. Jorgenson, Esq.
`STMicro.electronics, Inc.
`1310 Electronics Drive
`Carrollton, Texas 75006-5039
`
`Respectfinlly submitted, .
`
`STMicroelectronics, Inc.-
`
` Lisa K. Iorgensori
`
`Registration No. 34,845
`
`_
`‘
`LKJ:BL.I:jab 1
`
`1310 Electronics Drive
`
`. Carrollton, Texas 75006-5039
`
`(972) 466-7414
`Fax: (972) 466-7044-5039
`
`u:\llaax\jab l\850063.S53-Assocpoa
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 1 of 233
`
`'
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 1 of 233
`
`
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`PATENT
`
`Applicants
`
`For
`
`:
`
`:
`
`Jefferson Eugene Owen et al.
`
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY
`
`ALLOWING ACCESS TO A SHARED MEMORY
`
`Docket No.
`
`Date
`
`:
`
`:
`
`96-S-0l2C4 (850063.553C4)
`
`April l5, 2009
`
`Commissioner for Patents
`
`P.O. Box l450
`
`Alexandria, VA 223 l3-l450
`
`FEE DEFICIENCY AUTHORIZATION FORM
`
`Commissioner for Patents:
`
`Applicants hereby authorize the Director to charge any deficiencies in fees due by
`
`way of the enclosed papers only under 37 CFR l.l6 and l.l7 to Deposit Account No. l9-1090.
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`SEED Intellectual Property Law Group PLLC
`
`/David V. Carlson/
`
`David V. Carlson
`
`Registration No. 3 l , l 53
`
`701 Fifth Avenue, Suite 5400
`
`Seattle, Washington 98104
`Phone: (206) 622-4900
`Fax: (206) 682-6031
`
`l370876_l.DOC
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 2 of 233
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 2 of 233
`
`
`
`Electronic Patent Application Fee Transmittal
`
`—
`
`Title of Invention:
`
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO
`A SHARED MEMORY
`
`First Named Inventor/Applicant Name:
`
`Jefferson Eugene Owen
`
`Attorney Docket Number:
`
`96—S—012C4(850063.553C4)
`
`Utility under 35 USC111(a) Filing Fees
`
`Description
`
`Fee Code
`
`Quantity
`
`Sub-Total in
`
`USD($)
`
`Miscellaneous-Filing:
`
`Patent-Appeals-and-Interference:
`
`Page 3 of 233
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 3 of 233
`
`
`
`Description
`
`Fee Code
`
`Quantity
`
`Sub-Total in
`
`USD($)
`
`Post-AIIowance-and-Post-Issuance:
`
`1090
`
`Extension-of-Time:
`
`Total in USD ($)
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 4 of 233
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 4 of 233
`
`
`
`Electronic Acknowledgement Receipt
`
`Application Number:
`
`International Application Number:
`
`5161400
`
`12424389
`
`Confirmation Number:
`
`1455
`
`Title of Invention:
`
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO
`A SHARED MEMORY
`
`First Named Inventor/Applicant Name:
`
`Customer Number:
`
`Filer Authorized By:
`
`Attorney Docket Number:
`
`Receipt Date:
`
`Filing Date:
`
`Time Stamp:
`
`Application Type:
`
`Payment information:
`
`—
`
`Submitted with Payment
`
`Payment Type
`
`Payment was successfully received in RAM
`
`RAM confirmation Number
`
`Deposit Account
`
`Authorized User
`
`"umber Messa9e°i9es* ‘. '
`
`File Size(Bytes)/
`
`_
`
`_
`
` File Listing:
`
`Document
`
`.
`
`.
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 5 of 233
`
`
`
`Application Data Sheet
`
`553C4_ADS.pdf
`
`968095
`
`233bf336847d04802bf9e064cc9dfb7b375 .
`ac99
`
`Information:
`
`553C4_app.pdf
`
`d487a2efaea29c7d50e27fdb7e1eac88fa07
`
`1397024
`
`Multipart Description/PDF files in .zip description
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`7bdac
`
`Drawings-only black and white line
`drawings
`
`1572b3a1ba1240e3b2ccd3c643b4b08240
`e80184
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`
`fee-info.pdf
`
`7cb46c2e41112f638da898caeb497dd55bb
`
`Total Files Size (in bytes)
`
`3A9E90Exhibit 1002
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 6 of 233
`
`
`
`This Acknowledgement Receipt evidences receipt on the noted date by the USPTO ofthe indicated documents,
`characterized by the applicant, and including page counts, where applicable. It serves as evidence of receipt similar to a
`Post Card, as described in MPEP 503.
`
`New Applications Under 35 U.S.C. 111
`lfa new application is being filed and the application includes the necessary components for a filing date (see 37 CFR
`1.53(b)-(d) and MPEP 506), a Filing Receipt (37 CFR 1.54) will be issued in due course and the date shown on this
`Acknowledgement Receipt will establish the filing date of the application.
`
`National Stage of an International Application under 35 U.S.C. 371
`lfa timely submission to enter the national stage of an international application is compliant with the conditions of 35
`U.S.C. 371 and other applicable requirements a Form PCT/DO/E0/903 indicating acceptance of the application as a
`national stage submission under 35 U.S.C. 371 will be issued in addition to the Filing Receipt, in due course.
`
`New International Application Filed with the USPTO as a Receiving Office
`lfa new international application is being filed and the international application includes the necessary components for
`an international filing date (see PCT Article 11 and MPEP 1810), a Notification of the International Application Number
`and ofthe International Filing Date (Form PCT/R0/105) will be issued in due course, subject to prescriptions concerning
`national security, and the date shown on this Acknowledgement Receipt will establish the international filing date of
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`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 7 of 233
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 7 of 233
`
`
`
`PTOISBI14 (07-07)
`Approved for use through 06/30/2010. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid OMB control number.
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`_
`_
`Application Number
`
`96—S—O12C4(850063.553C4)
`
`Title of Invention
`
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO A SHARED MEMORY
`
`The application data sheet is part of the provisional or nonprovisional application for which it is being submitted. The following form contains the
`bibliographic data arranged in a format specified by the United States Patent and Trademark Office as outlined in 37 CFR 1.76.
`This document may be completed electronically and submitted to the Office in electronic format using the Electronic Filing System (EFS) or the
`document may be printed and included in a paper filed application.
`
`Secrecy Order 37 CFR 5.2
`
`|:| Portions or all of the application associated with this Application Data Sheet may fall under a Secrecy Order pursuant to
`37 CFR 5.2 (Paper filers only. Applications that fall under Secrecy Order may not be filed electronically.)
`
`Applicant Information:
`Applicant 1
`Applicant Authority @|nventor | OLegal Representative under 35 U.S.C. 117
`|OParty of Interest under 35 U.S.C. 118
`Prefix Given Name
`Middle Name
`Family Name
`Suffix
`Jefferson
`
`Residence Information (Select One) @ US Residency Q Non US Residency O Active US Military Service
`
`City
`
`Freemont
`
`
`
`StateIProvince US CA Country of Residence i
`
`
`
`
`
`Citizenship under 37 CFR 1.41(b) i
`
`US
`
`Mailing Address of Applicant:
`Address 1
`44177 Bowers Court
`
`Address 2
`
`Applicant 2
`Applicant Authority @|nventor OLegal Representative under 35 U.S.C. 117
`Prefix Middle Name
`
`C)Party of Interest under 35 U.S.C. 118
`Family Name
`suffix
`
`Residence Information (Select One) @ US Residency O Non US Residency O Active US Military Service
`Stanford
`StateIProvince
`Country of Residencei
`Citizenship under 37 CFR 1.41(b) i
`
`Mailing Address of Applicant:
`750 Montrose Avenue
`Address 1
`
`
`S
`
`Address 2
`
`
`
`Palo Alto
`
`Postal Code
`
`State! Province
`
`US
`
`A Iicant 3
`
`
`
`OParty of Interest under 35 U.S.C. 118
`Applicant Authority @|nventor OLegal Representative under 35 U.S.C. 117
`Family Name
`Suffix
`Prefix Middle Name
`—
`Residence Information (Select One) @ US Residency 0 Non US Residency 0 Active US Military Service
`City
`StateIProvince
`Countryof Residencei
`Ugpple EXhlbltl002
`age 0
`EFS Web 2.2.2
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 8 of 233
`
`
`
`PTOISBI14 (07-07)
`Approved for use through 06/30/2010. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid OMB control number.
`
`
`
` Attorney Docket Number
`96-8-O12C4 (850063.553C4)
`
`Application Number
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO A SHARED MEMORY
` Title of Invention
`
`
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`
`
`
`Citizenship under 37 CFR 1.41(b) i
`
`FR
`
`Mailing Address of Applicant:
`
`Address 1
`
`Address 2
`
`2820 Livsey Court
`
`US
`30084
`Postal Code
`Inventor Information blocks may be
`All
`Inventors Must Be Listed - Additional
`generated within this form by selecting the Add button.
`
`Add
`
`Correspondence Information:
`
`Enter either Customer Number or complete the Correspondence Information section below.
`For further information see 37 CFR 1.33(a).
`
`|:| An Address is being provided for the correspondence Information of this application.
`
`Customer Number
`
`Email Address
`
`
`
`
`
`
`davec.docketing@seedip.com
`
`Amman
`
`Title of the Invention
`
`Application Information:
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO A SHARED
`MEMORY
`Attorney DocketNumber Small Entity Status Claimed
`Application Type
`Nonprovisional
`
`|:|
`
`Subject Matter
`
`Utility
`
`Suggested Class (if any)
`
`Sub Class (if any)
`
`Suggested Technology Center (if any)
`
`Total Number of Drawing Sheets (if any) 3 Suggested Figure for Publication (if any)
`Publication Information:
`
`|:| Request Early Publication (Fee required at time of Request 37 CFR 1.219)
`
`Request NOT to Publish. I hereby request that the attached application not be published under 35 U.S.
`D C. 122(b) and certify that the invention disclosed in the attached application has not and will not be the subject of
`an application filed in another country, or under a multilateral international agreement, that requires publication at
`eighteen months after filing.
`
`Representative Information:
`
`Representative information should be provided for all practitioners having a power of attorney in the application. Providing
`this information in the Application Data Sheet does not constitute a power of attorney in the application (see 37 CFR 1.32).
`Enter
`either Customer Number
`or
`complete
`the
`Representative Name
`section
`below.
`If
`both
`are completed the Customer Number will be used for the Representative Information during processing.
`
`sections
`
`
`
`Please Select One:
`
`@ Customer Number
`
`EFS Web 2.2.2
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`0 US Patent Practitioner 0 Limited Recog5}jtg)Q,&?pgitQElj§1 1.9)
`age ° 0
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 9 of 233
`
`
`
`PTOISBI14 (07-07)
`Approved for use through 06/30/2010. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid OMB control number.
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`.
`.
`Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`
`Aeemev eeeke Number
`_
`_
`
`Aeeteeeee Nemeer T Title of Invention
`
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO A SHARED MEMORY
`
`Customer Number
`
`30423
`
`Domestic BenefitINational Stage Information:
`
`This section allows for the applicant to either claim benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e), 120, 121, or 365(0) or indicate National Stage
`entry from a PCT application. Providing this information in the application data sheet constitutes the specific reference required by
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`
`Prior Application Status
`Application Number
`
`Prior Application Status
`Application
`Number
`Continuity Type
`
`.
`
`.
`
`Prior Application
`
`Filing Date
`
`(YYYY_MM_DD)
`
`11/956165
`
`Continuation of
`
`10/174918
`
`2002-06-19
`
`Prior Application Status
`
`Patented
`
`Application
`
`Number
`
`.
`
`.
`
`Continuity Type
`
`Prior Application
`
`Filing Date
`
`(YYYY_MM_DD)
`
`10/ 1 74918
`
`Continuation of
`
`09539729
`
`2000-03-30
`
`Prior Application Status
`
`Patented
`
`Application
`
`Number
`
`.
`
`.
`
`Continuity Type
`
`Prior Application
`
`Filing Date
`
`(YYYY_MM_DD)
`
`09/539729
`
`Continuation of
`
`08/702910
`
`1996-08-26
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`2007-12-13
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`7321368
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`2008-01-22
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`6427194
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`|SSUe Date
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`
`6058459
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`
`2000-05-02
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`
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`
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`
`STMicroelectronics, Inc.
`
`EFS Web 2.2.2
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 10 of 233
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 10 of 233
`
`
`
`PTOISBI14 (07-07)
`Approved for use through 06/30/2010. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
`Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it contains a valid OMB control number.
`
` Application Data Sheet 37 CFR 1.76
`
`Attorney Docket Number
`
`96-8-01204 (850063.553C4)
`
`Application Number
`
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO A SHARED MEMORY
`
`
`
`
`
`Title of Invention
`
`
`
`Mailing Address Information:
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`Address 2
`
`1310 Electronics Drive
`
`Email Address
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`
`/David V. Carlson!
`
`Signature First Name
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`Date (YYYY-MM-DD)
`
`Re9is*ra*i°nNumber
`
`2009-04-15
`
`31153
`
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 11 of 233
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 11 of 233
`
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Paget2of23_3
`
`Apple Exhibit 1002
`Page 12 of 233
`
`
`
`ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS
`
`TO A SHARED MEMORY
`
`Cross-reference to Related Applications
`
`This application is
`
`a continuation of U.S. Patent Application No.
`
`11/956,165, filed December 13, 2007, and allowed April 6, 2009; which is a continuation
`
`of U.S. Patent No. 7,321,368, issued January 22, 2008; which is a continuation of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 6,427,194,
`
`issued July 30, 2002; which is a continuation of U.S. Patent
`
`No. 6,058,459,
`
`issued May 2, 2000. All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application
`
`publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-
`
`patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data
`
`Sheet, are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.
`
`Cross-reference to Other Related Applications
`
`The present application contains some text and drawings in common with
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`U.S. Patent Application No. 08/702,911, filed August 26, 1996, and issued September 22,
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`15
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`1998
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`as U.S.
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`Patent
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`No.
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`5,812,789,
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`entitled:
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`"VIDEO AND/OR AUDIO
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`DECOMPRESSION AND/OR COMPRESSION DEVICE THAT SHARES A MEMORY
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`INTERFACE" by Raul Z. Diaz and Jefferson E. Owen, which had the same effective filing
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`date and ownership as the present application, and to that extent is related to the present
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`application, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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`Background
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`The present invention relates to the field of electronic systems having a
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`video and/or audio decompression and/or compression device, and is more specifically
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`directed to sharing a memory interface between a video and/or audio decompression and/or
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`compression device and another device contained in the electronic system.
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`25
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`The size of a digital representation of uncompressed video images is
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`dependent on the resolution and color depth of the image. A movie composed of a
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
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`sequence of such images, and the audio signals that go along with them, quickly become
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`large enough so that, uncompressed, such a movie typically carmot fit entirely onto a
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`conventional recording medium such as a Compact Disc (CD).
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`It is now also typically
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`prohibitively expensive to transmit such a movie uncompressed.
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`It is therefore advantageous to compress video and audio sequences before
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`they are transmitted or stored. A great deal of effort is being expended to develop systems
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`to compress these sequences. Several coding standards currently in use are based on the
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`discrete cosine transfer algorithm including MPEG-1, MPEG-2, H.261, and H.263. (MPEG
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`stands for "Motion Picture Expert Group", a committee of the International Organization
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`for Standardization, also known as the International Standards Organization, or ISO.) The
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`MPEG-1, MPEG-2, H.261, and H.263 standards are decompression protocols that describe
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`how an encoded bitstream is to be decoded. The encoding can be done in any manner, as
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`long as the resulting bitstream complies with the standard.
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`Video and/or audio compression devices (hereinafter "encoders") are used to
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`encode the video and/or audio sequence before it is transmitted or stored. The resulting
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`bitstream is decoded by a video and/or audio decompression device (hereinafter "decoder")
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`before the video and/or audio sequence is displayed. However, a bitstream can only be
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`decoded by a decoder if it complies with the standard used by the decoder. To be able to
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`decode the bitstream on a large number of systems, it is advantageous to encode the video
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`and/or audio sequences in compliance with a well accepted decompression standard. The
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`MPEG standards are currently well accepted standards for one-way communication.
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`H-261, and H.263 are currently well accepted standards for video telephony.
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`Once decoded,
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`the images can be displayed on an electronic system
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`dedicated to displaying video and audio, such as television or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)
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`player, or on electronic systems where image display is just one feature of the system, such
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`as a computer. A decoder needs to be added to these systems to allow them to display
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`compressed sequences, such as received images and associated audio, or ones taken from a
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`storage device. An encoder needs to be added to allow the system to compress video
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
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`and/or audio sequences, to be transmitted or stored. Both need to be added for two-way
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`communication such as video telephony.
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`A typical decoder, such as an MPEG decoder 10 shown in Figure la,
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`contains video decoding circuit 12, audio decoding circuit 14, a microcontroller 16, and a
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`memory interface 18. The decoder can also contain other circuitry depending on the
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`electronic system in which the decoder is designed to operate. For example, when the
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`decoder is designed to operate in a typical television, it will also contain an on-screen
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`display (OSD) circuit.
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`Figure lb shows a better decoder architecture, used in the STi3520 and
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`10
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`STi3520A MPEG Audio/MPEG-2 Video Integrated Decoder manufactured by ST
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`Microelectronics, Inc., Carrollton, Texas. The decoder has a register interface 20 instead of
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`a microcontroller. The register interface 20 is coupled to an external microcontroller 24.
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`The use of a register interface 20 makes it possible to tailor the decoder 10 to the specific
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`hardware with which the decoder 10 interfaces, or to change its operation without having to
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`replace the decoder by just reprogramming the register interface.
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`It also allows the user to
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`replace the microcontroller 24, to upgrade or tailor the microcontroller 24 to a specific use,
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`by just replacing the microcontroller and reprogramming the register interface 20, without
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`having to replace the decoder 10.
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`The memory interface 18 is coupled to a memory 22. A typical MPEG
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`decoder 10 requires 16 Mbits of memory to operate in the Main Profile at Main Level mode
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`(MP at ML). This typically means that the decoder requires a 2Mbyte memory. Memory
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`22 is dedicated to the MPEG decoder 10 and increases the price of adding a decoder 10 to
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`the electronic system.
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`In current technology, the cost of this additional dedicated memory
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`22 can be a significant percentage of the cost of the decoder.
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`An encoder also requires a memory interface 18 and dedicated memory.
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`Adding the encoder to an electronic system again increases the price of the system by both
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`the price of the encoder and its dedicated memory.
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`Figure 1c shows a conventional decoder inserted in a computer architecture.
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`A conventional computer generally includes a peripheral bus 170 to connect several
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
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`necessary or optional components, such as a hard" disk, a screen, etc. These peripherals are
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`connected to bus 170 via interfaces (e.g., a display adapter 120 for the screen) which are
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`provided directly on the computer's motherboard or on removable boards.
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`A Central Processing Unit (CPU) 152 communicates with bus 170 through
`an interface circuit 146 enabling a main memory 168 of the computer to be shared between
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`CPU 152 and peripherals of bus 170 which might require it.
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`The decoder 10 is connected as a master peripheral to bus 170, that is, it
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`generates data transfers on this bus without involving CPU 152. The decoder receives
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`coded or compressed data CD from a source peripheral 122, such as a hard disk or a
`compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), and supplies decoded images to display
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`10
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`adapter 120. Recent display adapters make it possible to directly process the "YUV"
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`(luminance and chrominance) image data normally supplied by a decoder, while a display
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`adapter is normally designed to process "RGB" (red, green, blue) image information
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`supplied by CPU 152.
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`Display adapter 120 uses memory 12-l forustoring the image under display,
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`which comes from the CPU 152 or from the decoder 10. A conventional decoder 10 also
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`uses dedicated memory 22. This memory is typically divided into three image areas or
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`buffers M1 to M3 and a buffer CDB where the compressed data are stored before they are
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`processed. The three image buffers respectively contain an image under decoding and two
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`previously decoded images.
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`I
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`Figure 1d illustrates the use of buffers M1 to M3 in the decoding of a
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`sequence of images 10, P1, B2, B3, P4, B5, B6, P7.
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`1 stands for a so-called "intra" image,
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`whose compressed data directly corresponds to the image.
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`P stands for a so-called
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`"predicted" image, the reconstruction of which uses pixel blocks (or macroblocks) of a
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`previously decoded image. Finally, B stands for a so-called "bidirectional" image, the
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`reconstruction of which uses macroblocks of two previously decoded images. The intra
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`and predicted images are likely to be used to reconstruct subsequent predicted and
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`bidirectional images, while the bidirectional images are not used again.
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
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`Images 10 and P1 are respectively stored in buffers M1 and M2 during their
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`decoding. The filling and the emptying of a buffer in Fig. 1d are indicated by oblique
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`lines. The decoding of image P1 uses macroblocks of image 10. Image I0, stored in buffer
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`M1, is displayed during the decoding of image B2, this image B2 being stored in buffer
`M3. The decoding of image B2 uses macroblocks of images 10 and P1.
`Image B2 is
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`displayed immediately after image 10. As the locations of buffer M3 become empty, they
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`are filled by decoded information of image B3. The decoding of image B3 also uses
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`macroblocks of images 10 and P1. Once image B3 is decoded, it is displayed immediately,
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`while image P4 is decoded by using macroblocks of image Pl.
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`Image P4 is written over
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`image I0 in buffer Ml since image 10 will no longer be used to decode subsequent images.
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`After image B3, image P1 is displayed while buffer M3 receives image B5 under decoding.
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`The decoding of image B5 uses macroblocks of images P1 and P4.
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`Image P1 is kept in
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`buffer M2 until the decoding of image B6, which also uses macroblocks of images P1 and
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`P4, and so on.
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`Referring again to Figure 1c, when any component needs access to the main
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`memory 168 either to read from or write to the main memory 168, it generates a request
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`which is placed on the bus 170. When the request is a write, the data to be written is also
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`placed on the bus 170. The request is processed and the data is then either written to or
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`read from the main memory 168. When data is read from the main memory 168, the data is
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`now placed on the bus and goes to the component that requested the read.
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`There are typically many components in the computer systems that may
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`require access to the main memory 168, and they are typically all coupled to the same bus
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`170, or possibly to several buses if there are not enough connectors on one bus to
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`accommodate all of the peripherals. However, the addition of each bus is very expensive.
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`Each request is typically processed according to a priority system. The priority system is
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`typically based on the priority given to the device and the order in which the requests are
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`received. Typically,
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`the priority system is set up so no device monopolizes the bus,
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`starving all of the other devices. Good practice suggest that no device on the bus require
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`more than approximately 50% of the bus's bandwidth.
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`Apple Exhibit 1002
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`The minimum bandwidth required for the decoder 10 can be calculated
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`based on the characteristics and desired operation of the decoder. These characteristics
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`include the standard with which the bitstream is encoded to comply, whether the decoder is
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`to operate in real time, to what extent frames are dropped, and how the images are stored.
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`Additionally, the latency of the bus that couples the decoder to the memory should be
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`considered.
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`If the decoder does not operate in real time, the decoded movie would stop
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`periodically between images until the decoder can get access to the memory to process the
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`next image. The movie may stop and wait quite often between images.
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`To reduce the minimum required bandwidth and still operate in real time,
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`the decoder 10 may need to drop frames. If the decoder 10 regularly does not decode every
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`frame, then it may not need to stop between images. However, this produces very poor
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`continuity in the i