United States Patent
`
`1191
`
`Ingraham
`
`[111
`
`1451
`
`Patent Number:
`Date of Patent:
`
`5,087,825
`
`Feb. 11, 1992
`
`IIII111111111111111111111111
`US005087825A
`
`154]
`
`[75]
`
`[73]
`
`121]
`
`[221
`
`1511
`152]
`
`1581
`
`[56]
`
`CAPACITY RESPONSIVE KEYBOARD
`
`Inventor:
`
`Assignee:
`
`Ronald D. Ingraham, Quincy,'Mich.
`Nanron Corporation, Reed City,
`Mich.
`
`Appl. No.2
`Filed:
`
`480,293
`
`Feb. 15, 1990
`
`...... .. H011-1 47/00; 110111 35/oo
`Int. c1.s ..........
`U.S. c1. ............................. 307/132 EA; 307/116;
`307/132 R; zoo/511; 361/280
`Field of Search ................... 307/116, 125, 132 R,
`307/132 12, 132 EA, 132 M, 139; zoo/5 A, 511,
`512,600, DIG. 1; 351/230; 178/18; 341/22, 33
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2/1957
`........... 379/167
`2.783.308
`250/213 A
`6/1962
`3,040,178
`361/179
`8/1965
`3,200,304
`361/179
`8/1965
`3,200,305
`361/179
`8/1965
`3,200,306
`331/111
`5/1966
`3,254,313
`361/181
`9/1966
`3,275,897
`307/631
`12/1970
`3,549,909
`388/830
`2/1972
`3,641,410
`.. 318/466
`3/1972
`3,651,391
`315/208
`5/1972
`3,666,988
`.. 178/18
`3/1974
`3,798,370
`. 341/33
`11/1974
`3,846,791
`.. 315/34
`8/1975
`3,899,713
`.. 178/18
`10/1975
`3,911,215
`340/527
`6/1976
`3,965,465
`323/326
`10/1976
`3,984,757
`315/312
`4/1977
`4,016,453
`307/116
`6/1977
`4,031,408
`200/5 A
`11/1977
`4,056,699
`.. 178/18
`1/1978
`4,071,689
`307/116
`5/1978
`4,090,092
`.. 315/74
`7/1978
`4,101,805
`.. 165/14
`7/1978
`4,101,886
`307/116
`10/1978
`4,119,864
`200/600
`10/1978
`4,123,631
`307/308
`1/1979
`4,136,291
`307/125
`3/1979
`4,145,748
`.. 315/362
`5/1979
`4,152,629
`6/1979
`4,159,473
`7/1979
`4,161,766
`
`Rug ...............
`Lyman et al.
`.
`Atkins et al.
`..
`Atkins et a1.
`..
`Atkins et a1.
`..
`Atkins et al.
`..
`Atkins et al.
`..
`Adelson
`Vogelsberg
`Vogelsberg
`Bellis ......
`Hurst ..
`Foster
`Barkan et al.
`Hurst et 111.
`Alexander .
`Got! et al.
`.
`Moenning ..
`H012
`Jordan
`Talrnage et al.
`Serrano ..
`Stone
`Grimes et al,
`Petrizio ..
`Lewis
`Waldron
`Eichelberger et 111.
`Senk ....................
`Castleberry et al.
`
`.
`
`340/310 A
`307/116
`. 315/362
`. 307/116
`178/18
`. 340/500
`. 307/116
`. 307/116
`. 323/349
`. 307/116
`. 307/638
`. 307/116
`. 307/308
`341/33
`29/25.42
`.. 219/10.55 B
`219/10.493
`318/55
`. 307/116
`
`.
`
`Mandel
`Wem ........
`Deavenport .
`Conner .........
`Gibson et al.
`Grimes et a1.
`Instance
`
`11/1979
`4,174,517
`7/1980
`4,210,822
`7/1980
`4,211,959
`7/1980
`4,213,061
`9/1980
`4,220,815
`9/1980
`4,223,301
`12/1980
`4,237,386
`12/1980
`4,237,421
`1/1981
`4,246,533
`3/1981
`4,257,117
`4/1981
`4,264,831
`Wem
`9/1981
`4,289,972
`9/1981
`4,289,980
`McLaughlin
`9/1981
`4,290,052
`Eichelberger et
`Gottbrccht ......
`10/1981
`4,293,987
`Gottbrecht
`12/1981
`4,304,976
`Tucker et a1.
`12/1981
`4,308,443
`4/1982
`4,323,829
`Whitney et :11.
`11/1982
`4,360,737
`Leopold ..... ..
`2/1983
`4,374,381
`Ng et al.
`Posset
`4/1983
`4,380,040
`7/1983 Williams
`4,394,643
`8/1983 Frame ..........
`4,400,758
`(List continued on next page.)
`Assistant Exam1'ner—Jeffrey A. Gaffm
`Attorney, Agent, or F1'rm—Price, Heneveld, Cooper,
`DeWitt & Litton
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A capacity responsive keyboard which eliminates the
`necessity for metal films on the touch surface includes
`an insulated substrate having a plurality of electrically
`conductive plate members mounted thereon and a di-
`electric member positioned over the plate members. A
`piece of compressible, electrically-conductive foam is
`compressed between each plate member and the dielec-
`tric member to eliminate air from the electrical path
`between the dielectric member and the plate members.
`A grid of conductor segments separates the plate mem-
`bers defining a guard band to reduce interference be-
`tween the switches. The guard band is connected with
`one power supply line of a switching circuit which
`{produces outputs in response to capacity changes
`caused by a user touching the dielectric member.
`
`18 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
`
`Page 1 of 8
`
`SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1007
`
`

`
`5,087,825
`
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,413,252
`4,439,647
`4,476,463
`4,493,377
`4,495,485
`4,529,968
`4.535.254
`4,550,310
`4,561,002
`4,567,470
`4,584,519
`4,614,937
`4,651,133
`
`11/1983
`3/1984
`10/1984
`1/1985
`1/1985
`7/1985
`8/1985
`10/1985
`12/1985
`1/1986
`4/1986
`9/9186
`3/1987
`
`.
`
`Ty1er at al.
`Calandrello et a1.
`Ng et a1.
`...........
`Giinxher ct a].
`Smith ....................
`Hilsum ct a1.
`Khatri ...........
`Yamaguchi ct a1
`Chui ..................
`Yoshikawa et a1.
`Gruodis
`Poujois ......
`Ganesan et a1.
`
`341/33
`200/5 A
`340/712
`173/170
`341/33
`.. 340/635
`
`4,731,548
`4,731,694
`4,736,190
`4,740,781
`4,743,895
`4,758,735
`4,831,279
`4,855,550
`4,894,493
`4,901,074
`4,920,343
`4,924,222
`5,012,124
`
`3/1988
`3/1988
`4/1988
`4/1988
`5/1988
`7/1988
`5/1989
`8/1989
`1/1990
`2/1990
`4/1990
`5/1990
`4/1991
`
`Ingraham
`Ingraham
`Schultz, Jr.
`Smith ex al.
`Sinn ct a1.
`Schwartz
`
`Pn'ma7y Examiner——A. D. Pellinen
`
`Page 2 of 8
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 11, 1992
`
`Sheet 1 of 2
`
`5,087,825
`
`Page 3 of 8
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Feb. 11, 1992
`
`Sheet 2 of 2
`
`5,087,825
`
`N EUTRAL
`
`Page 4 of 8
`
`

`
`1
`
`CAPACITY RESPONSIVE KEYBOARD
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`5,087,825
`
`This invention relates to switches that respond to the
`change in capacity from a user touching a surface por-
`tion of the switch. The invention is especially adapted
`for a keyboard made up of a plurality of such capacity
`responsive switches.
`Touch-responsive switches in the form of “capacitive
`glass" are common in the appliance field. This special
`glass has conductive elements fired on each side in a
`manner that forms a pair of series-connected capacitors
`having input and output tenninals on the glass surface
`facing away from the user. A common plate of the two
`capacitors is formed on the outer glass surface facing
`the user. A high frequency oscillator applies pulses to
`the capacitors. A switching circuit connected with the
`capacitors interprets the presence of pulses as a no-input
`condition. When a user touches the capacitor plate on
`the outer surface of the glass, the high frequency pulses
`are shunted to ground through the user. The switch
`circuit interprets the absence of pulses as a positive
`input condition and responds by actuating an output
`device. Such a switch system is illustrated in U.S. Pat.
`No. 4,308,443, issued to Tucker et al.
`Such “capacitive-glass" switch systems are not truly
`capacity responsive but require physical contact by the
`user with the electrically-conductive common plate of 30
`the series capacitors. This requires a metal film, such as
`tin oxide, be deposited on the outer surface of the glass.
`Such metal film is subject to abrasion by repeated clean-
`ing and may even abrade to the point of erratic opera-
`tion. A further problem with such system is that a fail-
`ure of the high frequency oscillator causes a no-pulse
`condition, to which the switching circuit may detrimen-
`tally respond by energizing one or more outputs.
`In my U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,731,548 and 4,758,735 I dis-
`close touch control switch circuits which respond to a
`change in the capacity-to-ground of a plate member as
`a result of contact by the body of a user. Such circuits
`do not require a metal film on the surface portion con-
`tacted by the user so the problem of metal film abrasion
`is avoided. Further, the circuits disclosed in my patents
`are not subject to the catastrophic failure of erroneous
`output switching caused by the failure of an oscillator.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention is directed to a keyboard sys-
`tem incorporating a plurality of capacity responsive
`switches in a keyboard assembly that may be used with
`a control circuit that embodies the principles of my
`aforementioned patents. The present invention may be
`embodied in a capacity responsive keyboard system
`having a planar substrate with a plurality of electrically
`conductive plate members mounted thereto and insu-
`lated from each other. A substantially rigid planar di-
`electric member overlies the conductive members and
`has a surface facing the conductive members. A plural-
`ity of flexible electrically conductive transmission mem-
`bers extend between the dielectric member and individ-
`ual conductive members. The transmission members are
`sized to provide airtight interfaces with the dielectric
`member and the associated plate member. Circuit means
`connected with the plate members respond to capacity
`between the plate members and ground for producing a
`
`2
`signal indicative of a change in capacity between plate
`members and ground.
`Another problem overcome by the present invention
`is the tendency of capacity responsive switches that are
`closely positioned in a keyboard system to inadvertently
`become actuated even though the user is touching an
`adjacent switch. This problem is overcome by a key-
`board system which embodies the present invention and
`in which an electrically conductive guard band is pro-
`vided on the substrate between adjacent plate members.
`The guard band is connected with a reference voltage
`of the control circuit to isolate the capacity change
`caused by the user to only one switch. These and other
`objects, advantages and features of this invention will
`become apparent upon review of the following specifi-
`cation in conjunction with the drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`FIG. I is an exploded perspective view of a capaci-
`tive responsive keyboard embodying the invention;
`FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the keyboard in FIG. 1;
`and
`FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit
`useful with the invention.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENT
`
`Referring now specifically to the drawings, and the
`illustrative embodiments depicted therein, a capacity
`responsive keyboard system 10 includes a touch plate
`assembly 12 and a control circuit 14 connected with
`touch plate assembly 12 (FIG. 3). FIG. 3 illustrates a
`plurality of input portions 13 of touch plate assembly 12
`and a control circuit 14 that actuates a single load 69
`such as an electric motor. However, it should be under-
`stood that the keyboard system 10 may include a greater
`or lesser number of input portions 13 than illustrated,
`depending on the number and variety of modes in
`which load 69 may be controlled. Additionally, more
`than one load 69 may be controlled. Touch plate assem-
`bly 12 includes a substrate 16 on which a plurality of
`electrically conductive plate members 18 are mounted
`on one surface thereof. Substrate 16 is an insulator and
`plates 18 are spaced apart in order to insulate plates 18
`from one another and from ground. Also positioned on
`substrate 16 is a guard band, generally shown at 20.
`Guard band 20 is a grid of conductor segments 22 ex-
`tending between adjacent pairs of plate members 18. All
`conductor segments 22 are physically and electrically
`interconnected to define a plurality of spaces 24 with
`one plate member 18 positioned centrally within each
`space 24. Components of control circuit 14 may be
`positioned on the side of substrate 16 opposite plate
`members 18 and guard band 20 (FIG. 2).
`A planar dielectric member 26 is spaced from sub-
`strate 16 facing plate members 18. Dielectric member 26
`is made from a non-porous insulating material such as
`polycarbonate or glass. A plurality of flexible, electri-
`cally conductive transmission members 28 are sand-
`wiched between a surface 32 of dielectric member 26
`and substrate 16. Each transmission member 28 has a
`cross section approximately the size of plate members
`18 and is positioned to overlie one of the plate members
`18. An indicia layer 30 may be adhered to surface 32 of
`dielectric member 26 which faces substrate 16. The
`purpose of indicia layer 30 is to provide an indication of
`the function of each input portion 13.
`
`Page 5 of 8
`
`

`
`3
`Touch plate assembly 10 is adapted to providing a
`capacity interface with a user. When a user touches
`outwardly-facing surface 34 of dielectric member 26,
`the capacity-to-ground for the corresponding plate
`member 18 is increased substantially, as illustrated by
`capacitor 42 in FIG. 3. Because the dielectric constant
`of air is much greater than that of dielectric member 26,
`it has been found to be necessary to exclude substan-
`tially all of the air from the electrical path between plate
`members 18 and dielectric member 26. This is the func-
`tion of flexible transmission members 28. In the illus-
`trated embodiment, transmission members 28 are made
`from compressible, conducting polymeric foam and are
`dimensioned to be under compression when dielectric
`member 34 and substrate 16 are positioned as illustrated
`in FIG. 2. Because transmission members 28 are under
`compression, air is excluded from the interface between
`the transmission members and their respective plate
`members 18 and between the transmission members and
`surface 32 of dielectric member 26.
`A detailed description of control circuit 14 is pro-
`vided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,731,548, issued Mar. 15, 1988 to
`Ronald Ingraham, the disclosure of which is hereby
`incorporated herein by reference. Although a complete
`description of the operation of circuit 14 will not be
`repeated herein, suffice it to say that a voltage divider is
`established between a capacitor 47 and the capacity 42
`of the user touching one input portion 13. Capacitor 47
`extends between one power line 61 and the base 52 of a
`PNP transistor 50. Thus, when a user is not touching the
`particular touch input portion 13, capacitor 47 pulls
`base 52 of transistor 50 to a high level which reverse-
`biases the base-emitter junction of the transistor. Thus,
`transistor 50 will not be conducting. When an individual
`touches input portion 13, the voltage level on base 52
`drops sufficiently to establish a forward-biased base
`emitter junction for the transistor. This causes transistor
`50 to conduct, which provides an input signal on line 57
`to a microcomputer 80. Microcomputer 80 has an out-
`put port 90 connected through resistor 96 to the gate 65
`of a triac 67. Triac 67 is connected in series with a load
`69 that is proportional to the phase angle provided by
`microcomputer 80 with respect to line 61. The signal
`produced on output port 90 is determined by the pro-
`gram logic of microcomputer 80. Thus. when a user
`touches an input portion, the current to load 69 is either
`started, stopped, increased or decreased.
`In order to accommodate close spacing between indi-
`vidual switches in touch plate assembly 12, a guard
`band 20 is provided to electrostatically separate plate
`members 18 from each other. All conductor segments
`22 which make up the grid-like arrangement of guard
`band 20 are electrically interconnected and are con-
`nected to emitter 51 of transistor 50 which, in the illus-
`trated embodiment, coincides with power source line
`61. With this guard band arrangement, the increase in
`capacity for one plate member 18 does not result in a
`corresponding increase in the capacity of adjacent plate
`members 18. There is no requirement for an electrically
`conductive transmission member between guard band
`20 and dielectric member 26. However, one or more
`isolation resistors similar to resistors 44, 46 that isolate
`plate member 18 for ensuring safety. may also be pro-
`vided between guard band 20 and emitter 51. Guard
`band 20 may also be extended to the physical space.
`separating lines 57 extending to microcomputer 80.
`In the illustrated embodiment, substrate 16 is a con-
`ventional printed circuit board with plate members 18
`
`’
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`5,087,825
`
`4
`and guard band 20 etched from one conductive surface
`thereof. Dielectric member 26 is preferably polycarbon-
`ate in order to reduce its susceptibility to breakage. In a
`preferred embodiment, the thickness of dielectric mem-
`ber 26 is 0.1" but the thickness may extend up to one-
`half and even three-quarter inches. Glass is a suitable
`aliemative to polycarbonate. Compressible, conductive
`transmission members 28 may be made from any com-
`pressible open-cell or closed-cell polymeric foam in
`which a high percentage of carbon particles are mixed
`with the binder. Such foams are commercially available
`and are sold by Wescorp under the WESTAT foam
`trademark, Model Series W-2700.
`In the illustrated
`embodiment, indicia layer 30 is screened and dried on
`surface 32 of dielectric member 36 but may optionally
`be applied to outer surface 34. Transmission members
`28 may be electrically connected with the correspond-
`ing plate members 18 or may contact a conformal coat-
`ing covering the entire surface of substrate 16 facing
`dielectric member 26. The primary requirement is that
`air be eliminated from the interface between transmis-
`sion members 28 and substrate 16. It has been found that
`the response of the keyboard system may be “tuned” by
`adjusting the values of capacitor 47 for each input por-
`tion 13 to provide equal sensitivity.
`The present invention overcomes the difficulties of
`assembling true capacity-responsive switching devices
`in a keyboard assembly. The ability to eliminate an
`air-entrapped interface between the pad members and
`the dielectric member in a keyboard presents planar
`alignment problems because of the multitude of switch
`members. The present invention overcomes this diffi-
`culty without the necessity of physically attaching ter-
`minals to the back of the dielectric member. Further-
`more, the use of a guard band around the pad members
`and connected to one of the power sources of the con-
`trol circuit, allows a close spacing of the individual
`switch members.
`Changes and modifications to the specifically de-
`scribed embodiments can be carried out without depart-
`ing from the principles of the invention which is in-
`tended to be limited only by the scope of the appended
`claims, as interpreted according to the principles of
`patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.
`The embodiments of the invention in which an exclu-
`sive property or privilege is claimed are defined as
`follows:
`
`1. A capacity responsive keyboard system compris-
`mg:
`'
`a substrate having a plurality of electrically conduc-
`tive plate members mounted thereto, said plate
`members being insulated from each other;
`a substantially rigid dielectric member overlying said
`plate members having a surface facing said plate
`members;
`plurality of electrically conductive transmission
`members, each of said transmission members being
`a compressible conductive polymer extending be-
`tween said dielectric member and one of said plate
`members in order to provide an airtight interface
`with said dielectric member and with the associ-
`ated one of said plate members; and
`circuit means connected with said plate members and
`responsive to capacity between said plate members
`and ground for providing a signal indicative of a
`change in capacity between at least one of said
`plate members and ground.
`
`Page 6 of 8
`
`

`
`5,087,825
`
`-
`
`5
`2. The keyboard system in claim 1 in which said
`circuit means includes a plurality of voltage responsive
`switch means, each of said switch means having an
`input connected with one of said plate members and
`means responsive to a change in voltage of said input
`for producing a signal.
`3. The keyboard system in claim 2 further including a
`reference voltage and at least one capacitor having a
`first terminal connected to said reference voltage and a
`second terminal connected to one said input such that
`the voltage across said one capacitor produced by said
`reference voltage is changed when the capacity be-
`tween the associated one of said plate members and
`ground is changed.
`4. The keyboard system in claim 3 further including
`an electrically conductive guard member extending
`between at least two of said plate members, said guard
`member being connected to said reference voltage.
`5. The keyboard system in claim 1 further including
`an indicia layer adhered to said surface of said dielectric
`member facing said plate members.
`6. The keyboard system in claim 1 wherein said di-
`electric member is made from polycarbonate.
`_
`7. A capacity responsive keyboard system compris-
`mg:
`a planar substrate having a plurality of electrically
`conductive plate members mounted thereto, said
`plate members being insulated from each other;
`a substantially rigid planar dielectric member overly-
`ing said plate members and having a surface facing
`said plate members and spaced a predetermined
`distance therefrom;
`plurality of electrically conductive transmission
`members between said dielectric member and said
`planar substrate, each of said transmission members
`made from compressible conductive polymer and
`extending between said dielectric member and one
`of said plate members, each of said transmission
`members having a length greater than said prede-
`termined distance such that said transmission mem-
`bers will be compressed between said dielectric
`member and said plate members; and
`circuit means connected with said plate members and
`responsive to the value of capacity between said
`plate members and ground for producing output
`signals in response to changes in capacity between
`said plate members and ground.
`8. The keyboard system in claim 7 in which said
`circuit means includes a plurality of voltage responsive
`switch means, each of said switch means having an
`input connected with one of said plate members and
`means responsive to a change in voltage of said input
`for producing an output signal.
`9. The keyboard system in claim 8 further including a
`reference voltage and at least one capacitor associated
`with each of said switch means and having a fust termi-
`nal connected to said reference voltage and a second
`terminal connected to the input of the corresponding
`said switch means such that the voltage across said one
`capacitor produced by said reference voltage is
`changed when the capacity between the associated one
`of said plate members and ground is changed.
`
`6
`10. The keyboard system in claim 9 further including
`an electrically conductive guard member extending
`between each adjacent pair of said plate members, said
`guard members being connected to said reference volt-
`age.
`11. The keyboard system in claim 7 further including
`an indicia layer adhered to said surface of said dielectric
`member facing said plate members.
`12. The keyboard system in claim 7 wherein said
`dielectric member is made from polycarbonate.
`13. A capacity responsive keyboard system compris-
`mg:
`a planar substrate having an isolation grid thereon,
`said grid including a plurality of interconnected
`intersecting electrical conductor segments defining
`spaces between said conductor segments;
`a plurality of electrically conductive plate members
`mounted to said planar substrate within said grid
`with one of said plate members in each of said
`spaces between conductor segments;
`a substantially rigid planar dielectric member overly-
`ing said plate members and having a surface facing
`said plate members and spaced a predetermined
`distance therefrom;
`a plurality of electrically plate transmission members
`between said dielectric member and said planar
`substrate, each of said transmission members made
`from compressible conductive polymer and ex-
`tending between said dielectric member and one of
`said plate members, each of said transmission mem-
`bers having a length greater than said predeter-
`mined distance such that said transmission mem-
`bers will be compressed between said dielectric
`member and said plate members; and
`circuit means connected with said plate members and
`said isolation grid for producing distinct output
`signals in response to changes in capacity between
`each of said plate members and ground, said circuit
`means including a reference voltage, said isolation
`grid being connected with said reference voltage.
`14. The keyboard system in claim 13 in which said
`circuit means includes a plurality of voltage responsive
`switch means, each of said switch means having an
`input connected with one of said plate members and
`means responsive to a change in voltage of said input
`for producing one of said distinct output signal.
`15. The keyboard system in claim 14 further includ-
`ing at least one capacitor associated with each of said
`switch means and having a first terminal connected to
`said reference voltage and a second terminal connected
`to the input of the corresponding said switch means
`such that the voltage across said one capacitor pro-
`duced by said reference voltage is changed when the
`capacity between the associated one of said plate mem-
`bers and ground is changed.
`16. The keyboard system in claim 13 further includ-
`ing an indicia layer adhered to said surface of said di-
`electric member facing said plate members.
`17. The keyboard system in claim 13 wherein said
`dielectric member is made from polycarbonate.
`18. The keyboard system in claim 13 wherein said
`dielectric member is made from glass.
`I
`3
`I
`I
`I
`
`4-0
`
`Page 7 of 8
`
`

`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION
`
`PATENTNO.
`
`:
`
`5,087,825
`
`DATED
`
`: February 11, 1992
`
`lNVENTOR(S): Ronald D.
`
`Ingraham
`
`It is certified that error appears in the abnveidentified patent and that said Letters Patent is hereby
`corrected as shown below:
`
`Column 6, Claim 13, Line 25:
`
`After "electrically" insert —- conductive —-—.
`
`Signed and Sealed this
`Tfventy-sixth Day of October, 1993
`
`mm
`
`BRUCE LEI-[MAN
`
`Arresting Ofifcer
`
`Cammrssioner of Parent; and Trademurlu
`
`Page 8 of 8