@|S0.HEc
`
`ISOFIEC 111?2-E: 1993
`
`13.2.2-3 Plalliclivo cmlllg
`
`Based onvalna
`Pndiztivecoflqg iutaclmiqne binpcnreme
`ofpe1s1IlevIms1yieoo(bd.hou1Ihee|a:fl:ruddecmerun eSfilIEll5CI'|:|rwiCtl:l'B'Jflhll3llf£pI}EtI'JbB
`umdedud:nflud.1he¢fimumbuwunmspnfiundumam:fl1almsbmmcbd.TfisdiEuume Vfllllflis
`menooouulIbeptu1ictim.Mnste:-uarvaluswillbe mall and
`clmuuonnfluevalneusiucepelvalnes Iyplcallydunulaavz: larazchanges within asmallspaual
`nEighbcnnIood.'Ih:p'o‘bal>ili!y disuihufimotllnpedidiolewurinslcwcdardmnpmssmhulcthanlhn
` I oftliepehraflues Ihnns:Ives.AddiicnaliIIfoI':nIicu calihedisca-dedbyqnrmfizinglhc
`prafliclinnennr. In this Inuawnlbml Slandltilprndlctive coding in alsunsud fioruicdc-valuesufsmussive
`llminalrceurclluninamelalocks and irlthcclnodingofmofim nectus.
`
`I.‘.l.2.2.4 Motion compensation and lntorlrnma coding
`
`Mntionwmpemmlnn (MC) preliculhevdues ofabhctpelsinapicmxebynlmzaiingahlocktf
`neighhtm-hgpalwaluasfiumalnowlplctult. Theulothuisdeacrihedasatma-cfinnalsinlulnuitn
`vacflrihazslsdfiswheremmflicmaflockofpeivaluuEronapcuviauslygiuoudndpiumethlkuedap
`ptedictpelvaluesofthecmualblock. Thesiunplestaxanfie isasoenewberethecamaaisnuluoving.
`mlmohiawmuuscmzanmoving. Thepelvabesatmchizlagcluufim aexnaiilthcsanaandmc
`motionveccnrfu-eadzblockisfl. Ingenenl Iuwewr. rm mcodsrmy uansmiumntionvecm: brush
`nuuobiock. Thetmslucflflocknuutehmmpicmmhacomesapredicionfumehhckinuegicun
`lube:-muiui. Thetectniquerefleson the fhathat within aalmtseqncnm urpicluns aflnasamaganeml
`saane,na_nyub_=‘pc1x ucmaininllesana immunwhile others move only: shun (Ismael-.-.
`
`0.2.2.5 Fnuquerncy translnrmatlou
`
`'I‘In:fiscmI:aosi:n.u:In:f<I1n(DC.'l‘)Doav¢I'lsaI: Ebyfihlqnknfpel valuzsua aufihy Bnalzrisoi
`hurinnmlanluu-Iicdspnialn-aqueIuycnel1i:i¢nm.An Iby Hhloctnfpelvaluas mnbemmnsuucmdby
`pafimingwahmmdsu-eemsheunmmmII£1)mmespafidfiequmcymetfidenm.mgmafl.
`mnstufllneaugyiiuncuiunlrdin l1e‘low lmq'LmIIc1c:uef:¢:ia1Is.which3'ac¢IIvaILi::mIIy writeninth
`unaer1eficuuna'ormauanstnIImdnnI:ix.Cflfl1£|'=s8i:nis aclieved by aquaniizuim slap. vhemlhc
`quantizuiminm-valsaru -hleatifiedhyanindu. Sinl!e'lhl'.u!l:I:IiIeIidBnlififlS Ihniauetvalatll notlheeana
`Valuewitllhl flaeintflvnllhepdvalumrfueblnckrenmnmacndhyuelbffhareediadammcy.
`
`'IIu:DC1‘noefl'::imti.n 1oeaI:ian(0,1'J) Cuppuhmofmebbdcnqmsmn Ihcznnlcxizmlalaidzcro
`verticalfrequmcy mdismlkdI1edccn:fliciaJLThelcmeffida1_ispn:1n:imalm1hearenge|nI vain:
`ntmcsbys black. and uliitiuml onnpwssim is pumidui Ituttifli ltefliuivnmdingsinnnuuz dimrauoc in
`the Mango value afneighk-curing‘ II by 8'b1ockstends Isobere1ufiveIgramaII.ThtH-Eermtfibianu
`represent cnanrurmramtnznm horizanslornmwuverfidalqntial fiecpaIci=s.andaea:nleda:
`uaefificinnti. ‘11::qu:nI;imthnleveI otlhe coefficients oonespontfingto thnhyhcnpuial fnqlelcics aurora
`Ihncmainnofan accueffiuzietlloffllly chnosangaqmnfiution stcpsimsnch 1hnIhcH\'S Isunlknlylo
`pemeivc dnbstofthe pm-Liculat spatial frequency unlessmacoeifitieait mine iesahova he paniailu
`qtnntinflln l:vel.I‘t=-statistical encoding of Ilmexpecwd nntsofunnsaulivazaaiu-vallndeoeffidclln of
`highs-order coelficimmaceomls for considerable filmptfliion gain. ‘flu cluatcrncmero unefiiciaus my in
`the suits mdenuniaasmmy zamcoefficieuls mpossibl-,fo1lowin3 uicissmmzzm ooelficieuin we
`otfluitlg. the uoelltlml neqnmua is spedfietl I: Bea zu—zagm1]a-lug: mfigure I130. The ordering
`oouanlmnus Illchigheszspatialtiecpiaacirsal Ihcnnd uflhcseaics.
`
`D.2..2'.B Variabla-langth coding
`
`‘\Wa-‘able-lmnthcoding NLQ Isa smfisucsi cndilgtet-hiiqle inuassigns mcbwmls to values to be
`eanoubd. Valnnnothigllfitqilawyofoucnuruncuemsiguedstaltucdevurtrda. aadthuseofinltequ-mt
`ouzmeaceaueassignadhnguodamtds. Dnawnge. tbemeneqnmzahuumdcwormmnhana such
`th:lihI:(:IJit:s3.ttiIIgisslI3I’i:t[lII!I1IIc£I'igiIalclIl:a.
`
`lJ.2.2.7 Pbtun Interpolation
`
`Irmcdwmnmmsnun a flmnfiwflnmamnapunmfinntmmm. that mcluttmedlate
`pictm-anon: banenumu-uccd bythe Ia:h:iq.r:orinu1sahtinn.orbilimuinul pnnfmion. Bbckairn she
`mumeflhnpimruunhmuufiudbaairmapmicmdmdnmumadbymaasfindiuvwuzfin
`deaodernny remmmsclpelvalucsbdongiugmagivmlzdout uzmaveragenrnralsunin unepasand
`fuuarepictnres.
`
`Page 63' of 124
`
`53
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 63
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 63
`
`

`
`nsomac 11172-2: 1.993 (E)
`
`9 names
`
`D.2.3
`
`Bitsiream hierarchy
`
`‘The ISOIIEC l1l?2-2 coding Scheme is anaugul in layers mtmsptnuding Ina Iierardilical sI:r11i:tun°.. A
`saquenu is the Inplag-erofthe mdinghimrcly and consists ufahcadcr and some number of groups-
`or-11ichuu(GGPs). Ihesequmco |eaElerin'1.'nlizes U1: slate-of its tieeutler. ‘His allows tbtociers to
`éecnde any sequence withuul Ring aifecterl by pasl deeming hisnrg.
`
`A GDP is a random amass point. it: itis the anal:-.st coding unit 111:! can he indewutdenflydecudad
`willinasemence, mdccnsisls ula header and some number ofpittIr=I!s.'Th¢ O01’ headetoontaim than
`and ailing infarmaiflon.
`
`A picture cnrtesponds to asinglefi-um: nfmolion video. or In a movie frame. 'Il1e're atefanfpiemre
`types: I-picu1ms.aI intro aadedpicmrns, which are coded WiI;|IOI.lll'BfE1'BnDB I'D myollm pictures; I'-
`pietums, orpr2dtctiv¢codedpicIur;s,.wticI: auuonbd uslnglmtiun Cuulpurlsaliou fitrul apmfious I urP——
`pictume; B-pictures. or bidincfioml,-fy pmdiclive codul pic.-Inre:s,whi::h are ended using motion
`mmpalsation from I prmions and afulum [or P-pictllfl, and D pictures, or!) picnxes. which are i'nI_em'1ed
`cm]: fr.-ralmt forward at-.an:hmock:.A typicaluxlilrg sdlcntccmtaim amt: nfl. P-,aT:ud B-piclnras.
`Typically. an I-picum may occur awyhalfa second, mgivareasénahly fastnandon access, with two B-
`picnn'esinseflaflbetweenaachpaircfIurP-picmxrs.
`
`E
`
`I
`
`‘PE
`_/:1-'*«_/,.:~../E ‘,:i\x,..\x: §\_/,\/
`xx
`
`E
`
`i!
`
`E
`
`Figurxz I11 -- Dependency relationship betwejzll I, I, and P-piptuu-:3
`
`FIgIreD2 illustmas anulnber ofpictures in-display order. The arrows show the dependmcy Ielaticnslipot
`me pmclirlixe mdbilimcliunally predicth-e ended piclurcs.
`
`Nolcllatbetnauseofflinicuuedependerncies. lhBbits:rnaIn:rda',i.a.IheorderiI
`uansI1iI_ta1.st£I1:i. orratficvmismtmeflisphyudtnbmmmuthcmferwhichflndemdermqnimsunem
`tn-dacndctllelitslmaln Anexanpleuiasequunccofpicturcs, ":1 display ondfir. mightbe:
`
`EBPB'BPBBPBBIBBPB_IIP
`123456789101112131415-161713
`
`[ 0
`
`Figure 13.3 —-
`
`'I‘yp'ical Iieqllcnee of pictures in display order
`
`whu-casthabimreannrdurwouldbeasshnwnbelowr
`
`IFBBPBBPBJIIBBPBBPIIB
`031254597I-1121011151314181517
`
`Figure 13.4 - Typical sequence or pictures In hltstr-cum order
`
`Became men-picturesdqaudunthc following (in display ordcr) IurP—picum=.~, me I or I‘-pictnremusibc
`n'ansI1:ll1alanddcm1edbefcm:Iieuiepc11du1tB—p£t:I1rm.
`
`Pictures consix of ahmder and onaot mare-slizes. ']'.lu:pi:11ueJ1ead:r mmainstiIne,pictu‘e type. and
`mdhagixformafim.
`
`A sic: ptoviflas someinllnunity IJ flats. cmmption. Should thebitstmum become: unreadablewihixt a
`picture. the deeotbrshaukllne ablc to rwovu by wailing for tncnextsline, wihwthaving tn drop anmtire
`pictum.
`
`Pagesim of 124
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 64
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 64
`
`

`
`6 ISCVIEO
`
`|S'DI|EG1?'IT2-2: 1993 E)
`
`SIi(l3st!IIStSlOflIE.flfl'lIdm‘l3lll'llflll'EIlIIl:l1lN'I¢I:S. Atthestmnfeactlslbeafloffl-Igpudicuux.
`fiuricvaluesmdnninnvusbrs, an.-.rcneL Tncslicehellcruznlaizsptntilimandqunntlmracale
`iIfirmatim.1hisiss|fici¢:ulfarIeuowryfi1)m1a:de3nu[Iinn.
`
`A nncrnhlonk is Ihchasic unitfu nation uompuuatlon and quénfizu scale clamps.
`
`Each Iuacmhluclt consists of ahmd;-.1 and six cotnponenl 8 by 8 blocks: fiJur blocks ofluminanne, one
`Hocknfcbchranhmce. 9I1doIehIocia[Crchron|'nana:. Se:figu'eD.5.T'lema1n1abbckhea1er
`uxlahsqumizuscalemdmnfinncompensnfion Lnlomtaim.
`
`EH3
`
`3.’
`
`CIICI
`
`Figaro DJ -- Mnu-ohlod: structure
`
`A man-ubhck umains a 1611:! by 16-lino sccticn of ltnninamzc cunponnnnnd the spatially
`oonespcmdiugfl-pet by alinesactjon ofaach Dhlominance-¢C'I:Ilp0nflflL Asldppedmuaublodc Is one. for
`which an infumworl is stored [see 2.4.4.4).
`-
`
`Not: Italtliafticllnareacovered byiaefonrblmhofhmirnnoe-risthemxeas Illeaannmvs-.mlb3r¢m:hof
`we :hmni:Inmbloclts.'I‘hisis:l1|: Inmbsamlllillgoflhednumjnazeninruuntinn
`
`]!lo¢I:saIeIhEbIsi:mcingmiLudI1I=DCfisap}li¢dIIIbi:b|o¢EewI. Eadauockomtaimfl
`5'3‘
`onnqamalpelsrrangaiinansbylm-rayassliuwlin
`unaDJ5.
`
`
`
`Page 55 of 124
`
`55
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 65
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 65
`
`

`
`l3CVIE¢ 1 1172-2: ‘I993 (E)
`
`G ISCVIEC
`
`D .2.4
`
`Decoder overview
`
`A shnplifiql black dfagmm tfapoasihle moods: inlpleulalmim is sham below:
`
`
`
`Flgu! DJ! — Slnplilcl decnil.-.r blvclt diagram
`
`hisinamunixentolbwuemanoa whichtladecnderuscs ammo: abisucam mmaining:haaeqnance'
`ofpictuzmgivul in fig_IJ.d.anfl display lien in Ineordar given infig D3. Thefollnwingdescripiion is
`sinpfifiedfarchliy.
`
`‘Ill: inpltbilnreanisanulnuimetlin III: Input Bulfermsimeded. 'l1:e‘Van'at:k:La1gfl:CnlI:[VLC)
`Dmadasdwcdamch:adu'dneB:slfiume.riuue0.mddamniuesuatitkml-péumt Th-.VLaC
`DacodapmdmasqumlizaIme€fidaMsemnspmdh1;m|hequmfim1DCI‘md'fiduIs
`‘Thea-can
`assenbletlfor each Buy Bhlock orpdlsimhe image by inure-asczig-zag sulming. 'I‘l1eIme.ne Qlnriizer
`pmducusIhcacuIalDCT'::aefi1cieILsush|5ItequmI.iuuionste&:si:c. Thcotefficicnls acllunlranslnmui
`into pelvalueshyLheInveI'seECTl1al1tform:ta:adamedinfl1¢PrerimsPimueSwfl:aIfl Ilacflisplny
`Blffer. 'I‘h1:picturemnybcdisp]ayeda1flIea::pI'opria1eti:nc.
`
`ThaVLCDecodeI'de::ocle.sthelaaderoffl:eIeatpichm,picuun 3,andde:amines11atitisaP-picnm.
`Fnraach btodr. IheVLC Demdardaaocbsmotionvactu-sglving lit‘. disqulswnentfrmuthaslaedprwious
`piInIn.aII«lqIanliwdoo=flidcIIscon'c.qJmdJngtuU1:quiI1Iiac.dDCI'o3::1]'itiBnIso[lJ1cdiflitcI1oc1JlDd:.
`‘I115: quzntiaedonefliciam arcinv-ma quuilizad ‘D produce Lheacunl DCI'eqdfi.:Ia1I:. The oocffidcuts
`uemenmrnsfurmndimpddittu-mcesalnesatndnddedtothep-edicbdhlock prnduuadbyapplyinglhe
`muriun means no blocks in the stated pmriuus |Ji¢f.l.ll'6. Theresularst block is stored in the Future Pienm:
`Sun-can-I Iaenisptaynuffaa-. Thiepbtuecannuic diaplayai untfl ill-picnmesi andz Iavebecn reccived.
`aamehdauddisplayul.
`
`Iha\'1.CDeuuIu-dumdastbe|e:lutoldaneaI;inn.}i¢1n: 1.a1ddc|crnincsI|1aIitisaB-picust.
`Fuaamo¢.Lh:v1£dumdu-maxacsmaimx-eansgivhgmeuisplaumumomuesmcea previous
`mmtrcpttumubmafiqnmlmdmumcbwmwspmtfi-gmmcmalfiaedtfilmefidmmufm:
`diffesanaeblnulr. 1hesequnnfluduntFciummehvamqmfinedmpmaneflcumnlDCTcoeE':dcnrs.
`Itameaficieamuemminmseuulsfumad hmdifiatumpulvalnesandaddedtolhepedicadbloct
`pmduonfliynpplyingflzanulmvemulsmihestaredtichrts. Thcraulnanlhlodslsliensclfllinflll:
`Di:p1ayBnffer. Itmay be displnyed at Iaeqpmpuiatz lime.
`
`Ihevltbwucuamoaannatuaummemnpmammunzmuaaamncsmuuaan-pawn It
`isdawcbdusin; the samemethndaafinpicnrel. Mmrdemdhgphmzpkluefl. wticl iainlhc
`Pmvious Picum: Sbrc, ism lm:getnnechd'andma1r he discauIetL
`
`Thu V1..CDemcbrde:odealh: leadu'ofIhcne:tpir.:Iura.1:-icauru fianfldetcrminesttiatitis IP~pi:a|'c.
`Ihepiclmh l.|eFul.|.u'a Picure Staci: cup1'ed.inoI;he Previo|sPictum Store, Llasndaoodingproacada as
`fiarpi.:mn:3. Phase 6 should mtbedisphyed until pictures 4 and 5 have bean mceiveud and dlsplayad.
`
`Pagéfis of 124
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 66
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 66
`
`

`
`QISDIIEC
`
`ISO.-‘IEO 11172-2: 19913 (E|
`
`'ncVLCDerxuIe:rdecofle: theleaflerorneIe.xtpicute,picu:m4,aI1d flstcrufinesmatitisa B-pianm. It
`isdsoodedusigngtlnnamcmethod asfntpicturel.
`
`- ‘III: VI.EDemu1verdocA'.fl.es the mantel‘-o.Et.icneaitpicmre,1icmre 5,and deteluinesthat iliaa B-picture. It
`isdecudadufingflcsanlemnhndasfmpicimel.
`'
`
`The V[C.'DemuIerdeca1e.: tie heads: nftiie next picture. picIurc9;andactcm1inesl.Intit is a P-picune. It
`tlxauprncaatls as for piclurefi,
`
`Th: VLCDewdaetdecadcs the head£:'oE'lieIeJ.t1:LicII1IE. picture "Land Mlmmines that i in B-pict|m_ ll
`iscbuoded usingme samememodasfurpicuxei.
`
`The VI_CDacoderdecodes I.le.h&edet‘cfl1enéItpicuI£.picnJre 3.aIIddetarmincs.thnIitisaB—pid1ue. It
`isdcnodcclusin; Ilse sainclmthudasfut |:_IictuI1:1.
`
`']11aVI.C[)ecodet decodes tieheader tftje next]1iclIJlE._]1iI.':t|n'c .12, :IIddetenn1'na'. lhatitis an I-pictnm. It
`istlcmdcd using mesaneIncttn1asfo_rp'icmre*0.'Il1is pmcessis rqieawd ffltthbslflls-UE]I.'I:Ilt1JiI2UIl'l:-5.
`
`D..3 Prepraeesslng
`
`Themu-on maasri-al may ex'sti11 many forms, e.g. computer fihs on-CCl]160l fo11ml,bI1tiI gprI:laL it
`mssthnzancestadbefm-, being encoded. Th‘: dausedjscusses suneaspects ofprepmcesshg.
`
`Fnragiwn danmcand sucrcematcrial, mm is an opimimpictnrerareand spalial resolution atwhich In
`cndeifthc hastpen'.:ci\-ed quality is desiral; Ifme 1'65-(!Tl:|li(IlI istou ligl. then lnommybts ‘will he:
`enpeadedmthawexheadassudamdwith eachhlockleavilg Lonflzwuu node lhevalulzs ofacllpel
`aoclualely. lftle resolution is In low. the pel values will bereznd-mead accmaleljn butlzlighfitqumcy detail
`will belost. The nplimnm resolution repmmts an-adeaflbawuen the various causing ar1.ifac1s (2-..g. misc
`ant] blcrJ:iness)and Iheperou'v:d resululian and shaqxaessofmstnmga. This tratlenfi is funher cniupiicsuatl
`by the mlmawls of me final viewing cuudifinm. e.g. su-em brighlneas-and the distance ofthe viewer Emm
`ma semen.
`'
`
`Atdataratesofl lo [,5 Mbilsls, reasallable choices a11e:pi_cm'erme.sof 24,25 andflfl ]I'I:lu.res!s,a
`horjmntalrmohtitmotbetvieen25CIand -I06 pals. andavarliczi rnscluionufbctwccn 20!] md 30’.Tline.'s-
`Note that thesovalucsarc nolnmmafivcand otbcrpictun: rauzs sndresoiutiims arevaid.
`
`EI..3-1
`
`conversion from ct.-‘IR 601 video to MPEG SIF
`
`The two widsly used slzalming staldania for culutjt Iflcvisinn are 535 311:] 625 li1esat29,9'.' and Zfifizmcsfs
`respecnively.
`'I_hen_umbe: -0.! lines
`picture iiifcuinition in the transtnitted signalis. 484 turthe
`525-line system and 576 fiJrlhe.I515~lite syslen. Bnmuse inteflaced scanning with two fizlm pe1'picuua..
`
`Cilkkecommandaica 601 defines stmdaxds Iurtlie digihl coding Inf colour television signafls in
`naompan.-ml mun. Omega 1hed:2:2 smndardhaslaecmm wiibly adopted: mesainpling lfrequency used for
`U1‘-Illlllimlllte signal. Y, it 13.5 MHz andliie EWClLTJl0l;I:I'difli:1‘fl'Icc signals, Cb BIB-‘L’ and Chat R-Y, at
`both sanplecl at 6.75 MHz, The number of luminamc sanplcsimhe digial active line E750 'buLon‘l§r
`a|=oIl:'?D2wlll beusediupratzlicebythcaiitalugueacliie
`
`Thenumherofpictmvecleinetm inflnetfightairflirilflthnflhcpicusm, i.l’l'lJ1E'.Sl&11I2lfl'I1l5l1fifilGdfllJD\’E-.316
`too largciareflecfivacodhigatdaa rates between 1 and 1.5 Mlitfs. Mmeapprcpiiatevalimaie ublzined
`by dixzfiing thereaolufinnin both dimciions tn ahalli This reduces thepelrab-by a factnr ntfaur.
`Imaxlateahmldheavoddedasilirutaseslhedifticulies inachiuviaglnwdataratcn.
`
`Dncway to mince tievmical rusoiufion is to useunlylheodd urlhc mmfielch It meolhe-.1 field is
`simply diacartiellspatial aliasing will be iltmduoecl, and this may pmduce visible: and objectionable
`artifacts. Morescplisticatedmatlaodsuf reqnirennrecnrnputafioml power, Iiutcan
`pcnianplibly Induce the aliasirg Irtifilcts.
`Thai horizontal and iarlical msnluliois 1:129! be halved by filtering and snbsampling. Ccmsiderapimrre in
`the 4:22 f(.lI'l]!l3I. See lac CCIR (‘Ill ssmfling patcm of 1igImD.B(n)- Such asaiznpling ‘pt‘1liEI'J'I my be
`omvmedmths SlFsam1ilJ'ng panem ctfigire Dsth) m follows. The odd ficld mlyuuzy hcuxlraclm,
`reiiuzingtlxenumhez oflinwby two. and Ella]! ahorizonta] decillaliun filler used on lheremslining Em-to
`
`Page 67 of 124
`
`57
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 67
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 67
`
`

`
`JSOIIEI‘. 11‘.I?2-2: 1993 (E)
`
`@ ISUIEC
`
`reduce melortzantal resolution by 1 factor of ma. In additinn the clrunilauue vallrs may bevettimlly
`decimamd. The filtusfor luniuaweandchrnmirnruae have to be chosen carefully since partitularaitmtion
`haste-begiven an the Iucafionofme samples ‘n uierespectiw. lnlensatiaml Summ-ds. The temporal
`mlatimshipbetueeatlnarinance. amclmninanccmnstalso be correct.
`
`U:
`
`0 {P
`
`{P 0 1]’
`
`[P
`
`4]
`
`1]:
`
`O
`
`0 t
`
`O
`
`1}
`
`'1?
`
`{P
`
`[P 0 {P
`
`U:
`
`o
`
`:1}
`
`O
`
`0
`
`O
`
`0
`
`O
`
`O
`
`0
`
`11]
`
`4}
`
`1]
`
`1}
`
`1}
`
`{P
`
`4}
`
`O
`
`O
`
`O
`
`C1
`
`I]
`
`I]
`
`D
`
`O
`
`O
`
`0
`
`[I
`
`[1
`
`0
`
`O
`
`O
`
`0
`
`Eb) Sampling panaru fOl'Bv1PEG(SI_FJ
`Ca} Sfllnplilgpattern for4:2:2 {CClR601)
`Cimlearepmsentlumirumca: Boxes rep:-e:erI{Zl1rum’na*-11¢:
`
`Figure [LE H Conversion uf CCIR fill to SIT
`
`Thefullowing 7-Iap_F]R filter has baen found to give good results in decinuting the ltminamc:
`
`EIEIEIIIEEI h‘ 256
`
`Figur: D9 -- luminance subsamplirng filter up wuights
`
`Uscofn jvowar or two for U1: dhdstt allows, simple hardware implcnlzmafiark
`
`'!]1ed1runim11cesamp1e: have In appear in an-. between me luminance samples both hmiaorflally and
`vertically. The folmwing linear filter with aphasa shin of nalfa pal may bcfound useful.
`
`IIEIII #8
`
`Figun D.I'|3 -- Clrulrinance subsamplilg filter tap weights
`
`To rem:-rer Ihesanplea consistent with the. CCIRGDJ grid of figure D.fl[a), Ihepmccss ofimeq3olat:iun.is
`Tin-,inn::1:Iola|ioII tar a;-.-pied ma mo—pad:Iu.'I signalnanbe. chosen to boequal D Izhedecination
`titer anpluyed for theluniname aid the two chnamimm-.e values intlzeenwder.
`
`None thauhme filters atenotpartufthc Internafiulal Smndan‘.|.,a1'I1 ulin-.r filllarsmaybeused.
`
`AI: Iheend of III: lines, some special technique. such as: -mnormalizing the filter or replicating tlnclastpcl.
`must ha adopted. The following an-camp]: showsa horizontal line of I15 lumillanze pals and the. same line
`afterfiltering aldstbsurpling. In thisplc tlenhrain the line is raflecmd at
`
`ll]
`
`13
`
`10
`
`30
`
`35
`
`15
`
`I9
`
`I]
`
`ll
`
`19
`
`216
`
`:15
`
`I2
`
`32
`
`23
`
`9
`
`12
`
`49
`
`30
`I
`
`9.5
`
`913
`
`92
`
`90
`
`9'2
`
`Figure Dill -— Example of filtering and subsanpling oi‘ a line (I pals
`
`Pagéi-38 0,1‘ 124
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 68
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 68
`
`

`
`9 ISUIIEC
`
`ISCIJIEC 111722 199.3 {E}
`
`‘Ihe result of this filtering and suhmpl1'ng.is a Quince input formal [SIP] which has a luminance
`resolution {I360 1240013130 1 233, and adirominance resolution vhhhishalfmatufneliminanca in
`mch fimmsiun.
`
`1'29
`
`720
`Ozld Held
`t
`===r-hr
`
`242
`F233
`Horizontal
`Filer and
`
`Slhsalnpie
`
`330
`S”:
`t
`
`242
`we
`
`(:1) Lumiiiancc
`
`
`
`36:1
`
`350
`
`Odd
`
`I Honizonlal
`
`130
`
`|
`
`342
`I285
`
`Filter and
`Subsarrple
`
`180
`
`SIF
`
`'1 21
`
`| Vertical - H“
`
`212
`B
`
`File! and
`Subsarnple
`
`[b] Chmominanoe.
`
`Figure [L12 -- Uonvursion from CCIR 50].
`
`Int» SIF
`
`The S[Fis i10lqLI.iIB O]JfilnIIlI‘l furprnuessingby1U£PEG viflao ondzrs. MPEG vidaudiviclas the luminance
`conpunsutiuto mactublucks of Ifixlfi pds. The horizontal raciutiol, 360, 3 ml divisibie by 16. The
`same is Inn: zflhe Va-tital resolution, M2, in tlmtma nfS2S-line systems. A bctiermalcll is ublsined in
`thehuimnm] tiirelnlifln hydiscrarding the {pals aflhe E:I!|dClff:1'€lT lillt: OI llbsflhsalflplfld picture. Cate
`mm Ire: rah-_n1rm IIIE mule: in thcwmact cunfigumionuf Iuninanczc andctmninazoe: sunples in the
`mancdn-koala. ‘£119.11-inaining pinata is <alledtht:sigt:ifiq:anlpclarea,a|Id corresponds to thedakatmh
`figIreD_13:
`
`Page 69 of 124
`
`59
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 69
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 69
`
`

`
`ISOIEG 11172-2: 1993 {E}
`
`@ ISCWEC
`
`Luminance
`
`
`1
`
`2
`.-,
`
`::
`
`.
`
`.
`
`-
`
`-
`
`176
`-
`_
`
`2
`, '
`
`'
`
`C, or Ob
`
`Figure I113 — Sauna llqwl; with sfilificant pal area slalel dark
`
`'lhecIunveIsinu pttnessissunnlariaod in lIbIcD.1.
`
`Tabla DJ -- Conversion of source fornuts
`
`Picturhk .- .. Ratio widltrhaiht
`
`]..umi11ame(Y)
`
`‘[13 g inln IheSIFfnma1i.snot nonnaive. alherpmcesshg steps and other resolmiuns may
`beamed. Thepidmcsiaemelmtevmbcnmulipleoflé. IItliscaseanl\-LPEG 1richooaderadda
`paddingpcls to rherighlorbmunedges orapicmre in oraenobxinguse nansniued resolntiun uptoa
`mdfipleoflfiflflmademdatisardsheaeafludemdngflepium. Fwexmplmahmizmwl
`reaolufim of16o pehounldbeouhdhyaddingflpadiingpelsmthefigttuzlgacfeaclhorimllalmw
`bringinglln Inlal up In‘:I$8pds. 23 unuolrlouzks wmllibemdndinexhruw. Thedecolcrwoufldiscarnl
`Eh!’-ON!‘ P3555118 P51-'mfierdeoodiI:g. glvingafiml dceudc:dhmi:m1a1msohlinuot3flIJ pals.
`
`D.3.2
`
`Conversion from film
`
`Iffilm natarial canbe digitized 3124 picmrcsfs, than itfotnfimlmcoelmtannucfum EOIIEC H172-2
`hitslream. [tmay he digitiaedanuae dasiredspatial resomim. ’I‘.Iepia.un__ra.t¢ lien in due vitbusequmcn
`header. IeB3.4.1.3.a1lOw3Ihepk:tureraIe orzapimmsis tote qoecmeaexauly.
`
`Page59o of 124
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 70
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 70
`
`

`
`glsonsc
`
`ISDIIEC 11172-2'.'1£3(EJ
`
`Stmelilnes Ihesuuuemlteiialavaflablefmconiglressionunsislsoffihnmalrnial whicliliaéhem
`uanverlusllovidxxmsomnutlerratc. T11ceIm0£hl‘maydehe(1li1iSandmcodeatflmorigina1fihnmtc. Fm
`axa1I[J1=.349ifl=lfl'I:$J's fimmautaialmacyhavebaaudigixized aI1:lt:tmvartedIoa3Df|-anah systmnbythe
`mclniqne oflzzpulldowrl. In this muledigilized pictures are shew: altematelgr for! andfurztehwisiun
`field Lines.
`'i'his_alteI'nnicnma.:r nnlbeaxactsincctheaamal franc me mighlbe 29.9? irmnesisand not
`tlacflil fianeds that the 3:2 ptflldown tednique gives. In anldilion the puldnwn 1:'m'I1gmight havaheen
`challged by aditilganisplicing afterthe can-'elsiDIL A mhisflcandaioodcruigltdelectttnduplixaed
`fielchavcanga them to1'educc'digiIiz::tionnn-ise,a;ml cndctlcmsuItalt|1enrigina]24picu:realsrata.'I1is
`should giveasig11ificamhnpmvum:ntinqina!iyuv:ru3uin;aI30ptcmma|1srseound, rimedineclcoding
`aflilpictuiesfsdeumystheazzpunflowufimingsmdgivesajcuty appmrmca lD'l2IBT1'IalIBCfiClfi.']vidflI1
`
`DA Model decode:
`
`D.4.1
`
`Need for a decoder model
`
`Acoded bitstrcan ountainsdiffcucut types urpictnres. andcachtypc ilcally requires auiimmmmniibar of
`bile tn cncodc.
`lmtdiliiian. thcwridnomajrvary in mmplcxiiywih time. alltianelnczdcrnay wish to
`devote more coulinghits to one pan or: sequeticc than In-aintlner. Foruonsnam bin-ate coding, varying he
`mmberofbils sllocaledtoeactn pimm-. rcqnires IhatI;h3decuder have bufleringtb SICIEUJE his nntnptxled
`todccode hcimmuiiatcpicnn-c; 'I'hcc.xIc:1_t.to which an gnopdcrcan-1_ra:y__tt:nmnha'_ 0fliil:saIbcah.7fl to
`each pictuiedepends an the anmm: cifihis battering. If the-._amnunt of the buffering is large an encoder can
`use greater variatiuns. incneasing the piclum quality. bl! at the costar inc:-casing thadecodlig delay-
`Enmdets naail tnlcnow his size of lhea|In;)_m1lDfthedaoo:iBI's inflating in mdcrm liiblcnnincmwlatexteill
`-they can vary tbs flislrihutionafcotling bits among the pictures in the sequence.
`
`'Ihe-anode] dtcodcc is dcfiltcdtosdve two pr_0I}le-Ins. It constrains I111: variability in itu: nlmhel ulbits than
`may hcallocatefl to different pidures and it allovrs a decoder to irlilialiae its huflfeting when thesysteln is
`startatl. 1nhnu1lill:::notcdlhaIParI.i ofihisintwmlional Standard aid:-essea tlneinini-.':]‘saion ofhuffars and
`themaintenalce afsgndarmisanbndtning playbnck in me: case when wourmmeclunentary sn'e:m1s(tc:r
`exaniph. ans auciioand one viieo stream") aremulliplexed tngeli-er. The tools mfined in ISOJIBC 11112-1
`fat“ the liaiatc-Dana’. cfsynchrunisalint slouldheused hydeoodms when muliflemd sheansambeing
`WM-
`
`[).4.2
`
`Decoder model
`
`Ame: Ccuntains flicdcfimjliuuofapwalllt-wrized modal dtamderfarlhispm-pnsc—. Eis lcnovmasa ‘Vida:
`Buffer Vaifier W1!-V}. The pazamete.-rs usedhg'apaaI5cuIaI'El1cot1u'—ae defined in behiistream. ‘Ibis realy
`defines amc:1cldeu11::rtJ1atisnceu1adifen_rod=:1'san: tolntamlreti Ilntltlcmtletl
`'IIB}f]JI'Ddfl{Z¢
`will bctieoodahlc. Thenodeldtcodcrlnolu liccthis:
`
`
`
`Figure: 11.1: - Model decoder
`
`Afznedante chant:-.l is assumadtoplt bilsaummtanl rate irmlheinpu Buffer. At IBQIIH intervals. set
`by the picmi-ante. the Picura Decodcr instantaneously reimves all thehis Eartha naxtpicuimfrum the
`Inptll Buff‘:-f. Ir Ih:n‘.'. are aoofew hits i1'Ith.fiInpII‘.'.liI:lI'fcI',i.|=. alllhebits farthenexl pi-curchavenot hacn
`received. then thelnpxtl?-ufferunderflovss andttnereisamiutxltnilc-wantar. If. during the fimebetwwn
`picurc sla1'ts,tIecnpaciIyafIhc1npuIBuIfea‘is exceeded. lhenllmtisanmerfluw arm.
`
`Pmcticaltbcodu-sdiffiar from tlisnodelinseveial irnporum wags.
`a diflemnlpuinl in the: decoder. ordimihute it tlmuglnilt the dizcodcr. 11:53 mayntl rcnnve all the hits
`naquiell II": dcoedeapicmrs-fitxn tic Innllfllffetilsunmnnously, they uaynuln iii: to cnnlml thcslart
`
`at
`
`Page 71 of 124
`
`61
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 71
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 71
`
`

`
`ISCVIEG 11172-2: 1993 (E)
`
`D ISCHEG
`
`ufdccalingvayprccimlyasmqnimd bythc l:ruffurfiijIness1.1ara1netorin tbcpicune licadea. mcltlicy takca
`liiitetincm decode. 1]:ie.y may aisnbcaflc Io delay decoding foraslaon fimemredncehectnncas ol
`undtrtllwoccuring. But fllemdifffifiwcs depend inthgrceaaflkilld on the exam memod nrimplemernlatim.
`‘In saxisfyrcquicmeuta cEdiffuIe11tiu1ple1:le:1ta1loIs.thc MPEG video committee GSCIIIEC TIC]
`SCZUN(311) Show I vary simple model for the decoder. Pmclziall in1]3]e:ncrII;aIiIII1s I31’ dflcaclels must.
`ensixelhat they
`decode flicbiulrcam conslminod bythis model. In many cases ibis willbeadlifivccl by
`using a: Inputlluflerdialis hrgearlllm Illcmhlixntm required and hyusinga dccaling delay thatish.IgI:I'
`Ihamhe valia arrived mm the vbgfelay paraxn;-met. The design: must cnnpensalcfor dilferences between
`mmwim ardthcmodclin orderioguaxamee thauhedecodcrcan handlaanybinsuean Iha.Is.au'si’ics
`the
`.
`
`Encu-tiers I1IIn1i1t_rIl1csIams nflheanodi-.l tocnnlrnl urmmdersofimi overflow ]:ll'dJll5lII,51liJll0[
`occur. Tlnralculatadlxtflcrfixlxrssis ranmtiuadattlicsunrtofcash picturc sulhatlhe decodercan
`
`D.-L3
`
`Buffer size and delay
`
`Fwmnslmtbitmm upfialicll eaclzpicureheader contains avBv___dda5 pamineicrmennhle decadc_rstosI:rl
`tllcixdccncliltg conealy, This DRl"£I!I'lt-CE! defines the ti11enee::lcdIn til] the IlpI:Il:Bl1ffefDffigIIIE D.14 from
`a1cm;:ty'staIc»lo lhaburc::ticvcliIu1cfiiacly hcfnrethcPiclnrcDocuélcrr:moi'csalltl1ab’isfortl_1:
`picture-. This time istlms in delay and ismmsured ill imisof IJSO 00¢ s. This numben waschoscn because
`it is most an.exa:LmuItipIc or the picture durations U24. 1125, 1129,91 and U30. and because it is
`computable in duration loan audiosilrlple.
`
`The dclayis given by
`
`I) = vIrr_d_elny I 90000 5
`
`For example. i.fvl:N_deiay went 9 fl hen the. Ilelaywouklbe 0.1sa::. This mans thalfltflic startofa
`picuirelhu Illpllc Bulferofthc model dcvodwsbotllfl contain exactly 0,1 swarth-nfdaaa fmm Ihainput
`laiisirearn.
`
`'I'he|:IilIale, R,is defined in Ilcsaqucnca header. "Thu number of bits in lhe I1'[lI.lI Bufict atflie begiilflilg
`of thcpicanra is thus given lay:
`B= IJ"R=vlJv_glela3 *1?! 1'9!) lllflhils
`
`Farcxanlple. ifvl_JV_delay Wercll cm and}! weme1.1MbiIsJs. tlcn thenumibct-cfbitsintbe InpntBufiEe:t
`"would be12l)|Il0.
`
`fliecoiislraincd pa:_r:mo.tcr bitsiream re-quires manna Input Bufierluvca capacity of 327 63) bits, and B
`shodd nevcrcxcencl this value.
`
`11.5 MPEG video bitstneam syntax
`
`This clause describes the vidao tnitstmin in amp-duwufashion. A sequencaisthe top lav-:1 ofvitlcocoding.
`Itbcgirls with asequence heailcrwhicin d‘.t'u1cs l.IIl]20l1flll.pafllI1'.'€l¢l'St|fl€dcd.lI)'
`Ihcduaoclcr. The scqucncc
`he-mbris followed by oncormore groups of pll‘,:l.ul'BS. Gmups ufpicultes. as the name suggests. consist of
`occur more inclviiual pictures. The scquencemay ccmI:a_:n additional sequence heada-s. Asaquclica is
`tcxminalcd by asequcnu::_i=nd..oucb. ISOJJEC 11172-1 alluwscmsidaahlc. Flexibility in
`applicaiun pamnetcrs such as bin-am, picmrc mc.pi:.nIctesoluLicn, and picture. aspa:tIatiu.'1h-.sc
`paramelerx are specified in the sequence licsdeir.
`
`Ifihcscparamcacrs, and sums others. fall withincmnin Emits, Ilicnlhcbimrcanis called acanscained
`paramelflrhtlstlcam.
`
`D.5.1
`
`Sequence
`
`Aviacan aequenlaeculzlmences wilhaseipeme tmaderarid isfulloww kg cm: oninare ginups nfpictmesancl
`isezflciby asaqtn:mx:_end_md:. Addiiunal-sequcslcr: llraficfilrnyappaarwithilithe SDQIIBIICG. In each
`suchrwealei saquciluellesuhz all nfthedaia clement: with tlieparnlilledcucepfiun of those dafmisg
`quantization matri [1oad_intra_quanti:ea~_maI:rix, 1ond_ncn_inmu4mntiza'_mau-ix and optionally
`
`52
`Page 72 of 124
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 72
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 72
`
`

`
`DESCMEC
`
`lSCl!lEC1I172-2: ‘I993 (E)
`
`bavellnesancvahesae uesamsequemc
`head:-._ Repcaaumesemumelnadwwflhlwdaucbuunuunkesmdumneeesshtoflmficbotequmm
`pnssihle. Iheqmumflmmmmsmaybemhthedaerupmedwinadnmpmedsequenmheaihr.
`
`‘litemcodermay setsuchpaaneienaa lhaupidllfl stzaeamd aspocmifinindiesequeneebeadmlodefine Ihc
`resnuraesdaaadecoder naquires- In addition. userdatamaylae irnduded.
`
`11.5.1.1 Slquonce header cad:
`
`aficudedsoqueucehqhs wilt ssequeneeheadaandthe headaxstmzwifl1It1esequu::esm1eude.IIsva'lue
`ts:
`
`ODIIIOI B3
`nu:
`binary: D00fl€IJ0300I3fl|l[IJC|DC[|DDEI}l
`
`lflll EDI!
`
`Thisis auniqua sringof 3.‘-?.bits Ilnawmmtbcemulated anyvbhnreelza in thcbiulzmn. and i_sbyte-
`aligiflimasledlflattoocbs. Taactievebytealiginenltheeneodermaypmcaieltweaqueluestmcode
`wihany mmbuwfzerobiis. ThesemIhaueaeaemdaryftmuiuu.ofpmvemirgiemderiJ1pubtIffw
`unr]er'flow.’IhIa pocednmismllai his-:1
`ng.and may liepeufonnad befme any start uode,'I1:es1_ufihg
`bile unusual] bewo. TIhedecu:Ier
`‘
`all such stuffing biis.
`
`‘The.-.equem:e eIancnde_ltI:aanwiflaJsIaucndes.b¢gir1s wmia string of23aetm Themdhgsthanc
`ensmesumsndn zslring nfcmsucmivemros camcIbeproducedbyaIyntheIcombiI:aIiono1codes.l.|:.it
`canml be etnulalc-‘lby mlaewndes inthe wtchobitsneam. Thisstfingofneetvseenonlybe pooduwdbya
`slutcofimorbysufrmglitspnaudingasmtoode
`
`D.5.I.2 Horlzontal size
`
`This is a. Ilnbitmuznlaex rqynesmting the width ofthe picture in p:ls,i1'.-. thehwisnontal tesdution- II; is an
`unsigned integer with the musisiguificml bi first A value ofzem is notallowed (In avoid start Dude
`emiladun) -so tie legal range is fmm I to 4 095. In practice values aneuauallya multiple or 16. A115
`Mhiuis. a pcpllarlioriznntal Itsdulion is 352 pols. The value 3'52 is defived Frcm half I1: CCIR 60]
`huimnlal re:ohnhnuf110.munded down In Ihenesuestsnultiple oflfipele. Othenv meemudeumns-L
`fi.‘lJ oinibepbulreon fllctighltfl ihenuthighcr Iuitipleut 16 so that the lastfew pets mnbe coded in a
`meuohloch. ThccI¢coder§hnul;l disaml these-mm pels Iznrqecitapiay.
`
`'fh¢fIiciE:Il¢odingoflicenIapels,lheeIIoudu'shmlda1dpelsmluieslhalruiltrflenumhctnfbiu
`genctaladinllielnnsfolniedbbck . Raplicatingihelastuohmuzofpds ieumally msnlittofiim illfllfl
`nanuiniagpels withagaylevd.
`
`lJ.5.1.$ Vorllcal size
`
`Ttis is : 12rl?it!!|l.lll1|C'|'l'q3|1-'(‘.''.s‘£IIIi.'ng the height at the picture in pels. i.e. the vertical resolution. his an
`unsigned integer with the znuetsignimmtbit fret. A value of zero is notalh-«ed {to avoid starteode
`emulation} so the legal K3138 is free: 1 m4 095. In practise values enensually a inultipleof 16. More-Ihn
`memaxlmm value of:1ice_vertica1_posi1iou 'n l?5(deci:na1). whidi caneqmnds In apiemne height of
`2800 line. M15 Mihitefs. apopular mnlcal runlaunniszattl n2B3 pols. Valuesoi ziflpelsare
`ennvunianIferh1IeIfacingaoS25-i11eNI'SCsyslerns,andv:In=s ot'2B8 pelsaxe none app:n=,n‘iau:f'cI615-
`lira PAL lid SECAM systems.
`'
`
`lflhe-Venice! reeduimis natamuflipleoflélhes. Iieeneodennustfiil ouuhe [icmeauheboumn no
`thenuxthighermullipleol16'se11:alme1aslfe1vinasmnbecnaed'i:umn:robloc|c Thedeoaderdiould
`diamxditaeseexzralirnesbefoiedisplay.
`
`For efficient coding. replitmlng the last ljneof pels is usually beuerthan filling in the remaining pels with
`a 5:}! level.
`
`D.5.1.-It Pal aspect ratio
`
`I"hisis'aI’oI.Ir-'bi:unha' vhichddincsdieshapcnflhegnl-unllwviewinzxluul. Thisismebdsmacnlln
`lmimnnlmasetflmlpicnnesizeslarthelnsalvesdunntqaazily Iheshuxotlhedispleyedgieutt.
`
`Tlsepul npeetmliu arm notgivellneslapedh-eoly.butis an indennlhe following lookup table:
`
`Page 73 of124
`
`53
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG — Exhibit 1004, p. 73
`
`Petitioners HTC & LG - Exhibit 1004, p. 73
`
`

`
`ISOIIEC 11 ‘IT2-2: 1993
`
`‘D ISOIIEG
`
`Table DJ.
`
`-- Pal aspect ratio
`
`sqlmncls
`
`16:9 52.5-line
`
`tmned
`
`16:9 S25-line
`
`702x575 at 43 = 0,9157
`
`711x481 at 4:3 = 1.0950
`
`'[h¢codsD00fl ififcrbiidanluavoidsmrluofleeinulafim. ‘I‘l:ecode0O01 lassquauepels. Tlish
`approptialte fnrmany aomputar-gra;;lJits systems- The code 1000 is suitable fordisplnying pictures on the
`625-line SCI-rz TV system: (see CCIK Recommendation 60!).
`
`'
`
`height I man. = 0,75 =' 702 I -575 = 0.9157
`
`the code 1100 is suitable for displaying picture; on the. 525-line 60H: TY sysuan [see CCIR
`- 631].
`
`height /«um = «:35 * 711 M8? =- 1,0950
`
`‘[11: com 1111 is msenred for possible future extensions to this pan: of ISDIIEC 1 1172.
`
`Theremaim'ng paints in Lhelahlc werefiled in by inteipnlating between Iliesalswopoiuts lD00'1nd 1100
`nsingliufnrmulaz
`
`aspectratio = 0.5355 + D.D44N
`
`wllzre hits the vain: ufmccoduin able D3. Thcscactliliunafpel asp-ecrratiusmigntbc useful fur}~IIJ'I'V
`wl1ere:ni:i.IJsnF 16:9 and 5:3 lJavebee1'1pmpoaed,
`-
`
`Iliscvid:I1tsl:atIbu specificatitmdnesncxalluw all possihlape} aspect ratiastobespacficcl. We therefore
`prcsunaethtaceflaind