United States Patent [19J
`Pitts et al.
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`4,893,248
`Jan. 9, 1990
`
`[56]
`
`[75]
`
`[54] MONITORING AND REPORTING SYSTEM
`FOR REMOTE TERMINALS
`Inventors: W. Hampton Pitts; Ronald G.
`Thomas, both of Nashville, Tenn.
`[73] Assignee: Access Corporation, Nashville, Tenn.
`[21] Appl. No.: 11,976
`[22] Filed:
`Feb. 6, 1987
`Int. Cl.4 ........................ H04H 9/00; G06F 15/20
`[51]
`[52] U.S. CI .................................. 364/464.01; 358/84;
`358/86; 364/550; 379/92; 379/106; 455/2;
`455/4; 455/5
`[58] Field of Search .............. 340/526, 825.06, 825.07,
`340/825.08, 825.15, 825.31, 825.5, 825.35;
`358/84, 85, 86; 379/65, 66, 106, 92; 364/550,
`464.01; 380/23; 455/2, 4, 5
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`Re. 31,735 11/1984 Davidson .............................. 380/17
`3,588,357 6/1971 Sellari, Jr ............................ 379/107
`3,911,204 10/1975 Spinelli .................................. 380/13
`3,968,327 7/1976 Gregg, III .......................... 455/4 X
`3,987,246 10/1976 Willis .................................. 379/106
`4,008,369 2/1977 Theurer et al. ....................... 358/84
`4,104,486 8/1978 Martin et al ............... 340/825.38 X
`4,126,762 11/1978 Martin et al ........................ 379/106
`4,163,254 7/1979 Block et al ....................... 380/19 X
`4,225,884 9/1980 Block et al. ...................... 358/84 X
`4,241,237 12/1980 Paraskevakos et al ............. 379/102
`4,245,245 1/1981 Matsumoto et al. ............. 358/84 X
`4,258,386 3/1981 Cheung ................................. 358/84
`4,361,851 11/1982 Asip et al ........................... 455/5 X
`4,381,522 4/1983 Lambert ............................. 455/5 X
`4,394,540 7 /1983 Willis et al .......................... 379/104
`4,418,424 11/1983 Kawamoto et al. .................... 455/4
`4,484,217 11/1984 Block et al ............................ 358/84
`4,486,773 12/1984 Okubo ................................ 455/5 X
`4,528,589 7/1985 Block et al. ...................... 358/84 X
`4,533,949 8/1985 Fujimura et al ........................ 380/5
`4,554,579 11/1985 Citta ...................................... 358/86
`4,558,464 12/1985 O'Brien, Jr ......................... 455/5 X
`4,566,030 1/1986 Nickerson et al .................... 379/92
`4,577,224 3/1986 Ost ........................................ 380/20
`4,584,602 4/1986 Nakagawa ............................ 379/92
`4,590,516 5/1986 Abraham .............................. 358/86
`4,616,263 10/1986 Eichelberger ....................... 358/185
`4,630,108 12/1986 Gomersall ............................. 358/84
`4,712,238 12/1987 Gilhousen et al. ............... 358/84X
`4,759,060 7/1988 Hayashi et al. ..................... 455/2 X
`14
`
`4,833,710 5/1989 Hirashima ........................... 455/2 X
`Primary Examiner-Parshotam S. Lall
`Assistant Examiner-Edward R. Cosimano
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Neuman, Williams, Anderson
`& Olson
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A system is disclosed for monitoring and accumulating
`data indicative of viewer authorized pay per view TV
`programs at each of a plurality of remote terminals,
`wherein each remote terminal is coupled illustratively
`by non-dedicated telephone lines to a host computer at
`a central station. The remote terminal includes viewer
`actuable means for authorizing the viewing of a pay per
`TV program, a memory, means responsive to the autho(cid:173)
`rizing of a program for storing data indicative of the
`authorized program into the memory, and means re(cid:173)
`sponsive to the authorizing of the pay per view TV
`program for transmitting over the telephone lines to the
`host computer a report message including the program
`data. Security features are adopted for the remote ter(cid:173)
`minal of this invention to prevent the viewer interfer(cid:173)
`ence with the monitoring and/ or reporting of the report
`message to the host computer as by removing energiza(cid:173)
`tion from the remote terminal and/or disconnecting the
`telephone lines from the remote terminal. Further, the
`viewer is given a preview of an authorized pay per view
`program, whereby the viewer will be billed for that
`program only if the viewer views the authorized pro(cid:173)
`gram for a time greater than a preview period. In order
`to prevent a viewer from taking advantage of this moni(cid:173)
`toring and reporting system, the time of each authoriz(cid:173)
`ing and deauthorizing is noted and stored in memory,
`whereby each viewing segment between successive
`authorizings and deauthorizings may be calculated and
`stored in a total viewing time memory. Each viewer is
`also given a credit limit illustratively as the number of
`pay per view TV programs that will be authorized
`before further authorizing is defeated and it is necessary
`to update that credit limit. The remote terminal at call(cid:173)
`in time transmits a report message to the host computer,
`which checks the viewer's credit and, if satisfactory,
`transmits or downloads a new credit limit to the remote
`terminal, thus permitting further authorizing of pay per
`view programs.
`
`62 Claims, 15 Drawing Sheets
`
`SUBSCRIBER'S
`TELEVISION
`SET
`
`__ ,6
`
`B.B.U.
`DATA
`BUFFER
`
`28
`
`CHANNEL
`PLL
`DATA
`
`WATCH
`DOG
`TIMER
`
`30
`
`32
`
`2.0 MHZ
`OSCILLAlOR
`
`M
`I c
`§
`p
`R g
`s s
`~
`
`E
`
`TO CENTRAL
`STATION
`11
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 1
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 1of15
`
`4,893,248
`
`FIG. IA
`COAX CABLE
`INPUT
`
`12
`20
`
`14
`
`SUBSCRIBER'S
`CONVERTERL-------..: ~---~
`TELEVISION
`SET
`
`16
`
`B.B.U.
`DATA
`BUFFER
`
`22
`
`34
`
`~10
`
`/
`
`42
`
`WATCH
`DOG
`TIMER
`
`30
`
`32
`
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`DATA
`
`PARAUEL
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`OUTPUT
`INTERFTCE
`
`M
`I
`c
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`§
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`
`2.0 MHZ
`OSCILLAlOR
`
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`CLOCK
`
`CALL
`PROGRESS
`
`48
`
`I A
`BELL
`300/1200
`BAUD MODEM
`
`DATA ACCESS
`ARRANGEMENT
`
`46
`
`44
`
`BATTERY
`BACK UP
`
`PHONE LINES
`
`TO CENTRAL
`STATION
`II
`
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`
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`
`19
`
`23
`
`FIG. I B
`
`25b
`
`25c
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 2
`
`

`
`26
`
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`
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`
`FIG. 2A-I
`
`FIG. 2A
`
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`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 3
`
`

`
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`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 4
`
`

`
`~
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`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 5
`
`

`
`~
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`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 6
`
`

`
`00
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`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 7
`
`

`
`00
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`
`24
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 8
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 8of15
`
`4,893,248
`
`FIG. 3A-I
`
`110
`
`116 ~r---_.___
`READ INPUT
`FROM THE
`REMOTE CONTROL(cid:173)
`LER UNIT
`
`A
`
`MAIN SOFTWARE LOOP
`ENTRY POINT
`(ALL OF THE LOGIC DONE
`WITHOUT ANY INTERRUPlS
`HAVI~ BEEN IMPLEMENTED)
`
`120
`
`YES
`
`STORE NEXT
`SERIES OF
`NUMBERS ENlERED
`FROM REMOTE
`
`134
`
`132
`
`149
`
`FROM CHECK
`ON 2ND
`CREDIT LIMIT
`r-------1 c
`
`FIG.
`3A-I
`
`FIG.
`3A-2
`
`FIG.
`FIG.
`3A-3 3A-4
`
`FIG.3A
`
`122
`
`124
`
`YES
`STORE THE NEXT
`SERIES OF# S, LOOK
`UP TO Fl ND ACTION
`TO TA KE, S10RE INFO.
`FOR FORWARDING
`LATER ( FOR HOME
`SHOPPING a OTHER
`FUTURE ACTIVITIES)
`
`/128
`
`DEAUTHORIZE PPV
`SHOW, ZERO END OF
`SHOW TIME, STORE
`LAST OFF TIME OF
`SHOW
`
`NO
`
`CALCULATE
`MOST RECENT'ON'TIME
`FROM LAST TIME ON TO
`CURRENT TIME OFF. ADO
`TO CUMULATIVE VIEW
`TIME. INCREMENT :tt:
`TIMES ON PPV CHANNEL.
`. SET 10 CALL CENTRAL
`STATION IN RANDOM :II= OF
`HOURS (IN A. M.
`
`READ PPL OF
`CONVERTER
`TO FIND CHANNEL
`:f.1:
`
`148
`
`SEND INFO. TO
`CONVERTER TO
`AUTHORIZE ALL
`PPV CHANNELS
`
`146
`
`DEAUTHORIZE
`ALL PPV
`. CHANNELS
`
`152
`
`164
`
`162
`
`x~~u:;~z~PV REG~S~~:6~ CON-
`CHANNELS
`VERTER TO FIND
`CtH.NNEL NUMBER
`
`SEND INFO. TO CON(cid:173)
`VERTER TO AUTHOR!
`ALL OTHER PAY
`SFRVICES
`
`154
`
`STORE THE START TIM
`AND CHANNEL#OR Tf(i
`=IF OF THE EVENT
`JUST AUTHORIZED
`
`n
`
`DEAUTHORIZE ALL
`....... --.. PAY CHANNELS
`NOT CURRENTLY
`SUBSCRIBED TO
`
`.172
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 9
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 9of15
`
`4,893,248
`
`/110
`
`/
`
`FIG. 3A-2
`
`136
`
`READ PLL REGISTERS
`AND GET CURRENT
`TUNED CHANNEL
`(SEE PLL CHART)
`
`INPUT FROM
`READ
`THE REMOTE
`CONTROLLER UNIT
`
`142
`
`140
`
`174
`
`176
`
`OUTPUT 101 TO
`CONVERTER ( 0 R
`TUNE TO SOME OTHER
`ERROR CHANNEL l
`
`READ THE CLOCK
`MINUTE AND COMPARE
`TO MINUTE BYTE IN
`RAM
`
`STORE NEW
`CLOCK VALUE
`IN RAM
`
`SEND TO CONVERTER,
`14 BYTE BLOCK WHICH
`INCLUDES TIME
`HHMMl
`
`180
`
`182
`
`153
`
`184
`
`185
`
`CHECK IF MAX. DAYS BET
`WEEN CALLS HAS
`">-~BEEN EXCEEDED. SET
`m CALL CENTRAL
`STATION
`
`161
`
`0 1 - - - - - - -
`SET TIMER 8 DATE
`TO CALL HOST
`COMPUTER
`IMMEDIATELY
`E.----..i
`GET CURRENT
`188
`L- TIME FROM
`REAL TIME
`CLOCK
`
`TO AUTHORIZE
`PPV
`CHANNELS
`
`192
`
`DEAUTHORIZE .
`THE PPV
`SHOW
`
`K
`
`190
`
`NO
`
`L
`
`M
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 10
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 10 of 15
`
`4,893,248
`
`H
`
`156
`
`170
`
`196, 198
`
`CALCULATE AND SmRE
`THE 'END OF SHOW'
`TIME FROM DOWN(cid:173)
`LDADED MAX. VIEW TIME
`
`STORE INFO. ON THIS
`PAY SERVICE. SET
`TO CALL HOST
`
`IF OFF CHANNEL,
`STORE CURRENT TIME AS
`LAST TIME OFF CHANNEL
`AND AS END Tl ME OF POWER
`OUTAGE. CALCULATE TOTAL
`VIEW TIME a lllTAL POWER
`OUTAGE AND STORE IN RAM ID
`UPLOAD TO HOST
`
`p
`
`,--------------------
`!
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`214
`
`212
`
`216
`
`220
`
`INCREMENT COUNTER
`FOR MAX. ALLOWABLE
`:ll:OF CALLS FOR NO
`CODE MATCH
`
`,._ ___ _
`
`ZEROS THE 'SHOWS'
`INFO. AND RESETS
`THE DEFAULT VAWES
`
`224
`
`222
`
`PREPARE ADDITIONAL
`INFO. ON SECURITY .__...--<
`CODE STATUS, FOR
`XFER
`
`231
`
`SEND INFO. TO
`CONVERTER TO R
`COMPLETELY
`SHUT IT DOWN
`
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`L ___________________ _
`
`FIG. 3A-3
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 11
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 11 of 15
`
`4,893,248
`
`200,202
`
`204
`
`L
`
`ZERO THE RAM ams
`THAT S'TOOE THE ENDOF
`SHOW TIME a STORE
`THE LAST'OFF-TIME'
`OF THE SHOW a NUM(cid:173)
`BER OF TIMES ON
`CHANNEL WITH THE
`EXISTING START
`TIME OF SHOW
`
`CALCULATE MOST
`RECENT 'ON' TIME(cid:173)
`FROM LAST TIME ON
`TO CURRENT Tl ME
`OFF. ADD TO CUMULA(cid:173)
`TIVE VIEW TIME.
`INCREMENT# TIMES
`ON PPV CHANNEL.
`SET TO CALL HOST IN
`RANDOM=ltHOURS
`(IN A.M.)
`
`K
`
`194
`
`-
`
`-
`
`-- - - -- - - - - - - MAKE THE CALL TO =n
`I
`CENTRAL STATION HO
`P ~---------t COMPUTER- FOR DETAllS 1
`YES
`SEE DIALING CHART
`
`211
`
`228
`
`232
`
`226
`
`208
`
`234
`
`AFTER THE
`TART CALL TIM
`?
`
`SET
`WATCHDOG
`TIMER Cl RCUIT
`
`236
`
`CHECK ALL RAM
`FOR ANY
`CHANGES
`
`240
`
`238
`
`INCREMENTS THE
`CALENDAR DAY TO
`CALL CENTRAL STATKlN
`HOST COMPUTER
`
`WAIT:tt-OF LAST
`DOWNlDADED
`MINUTES BE-
`JURE REDIALING
`
`DETERMINE
`WHICH AREAS
`ARE AFFECTED
`
`r--
`1 I 244
`I
`I
`I
`UPLOADING /DOWNLOADING SUBROUTINE 210
`________ _J
`
`PREPARE INFO.
`ON PROBLEM WITH
`RAM TO UPLOAD m14---<
`INITIALIZATION
`COMPUTER
`
`242
`
`250
`
`INCREMENT
`'BAD-RAM'
`COUNTER
`
`248
`
`FIG. 3A-4
`
`246
`
`CALL INITIALIZATION
`COMPUTER TO REPOR
`DESTROYED RAM a
`OBTAIN NEW INFO.
`
`STORE ALL DOWN~
`LOADED INFO. a
`INITIALIZE REMOTE
`TERMINAL
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 12
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 12 of 15
`
`4,893,248
`
`FIG. 38-1
`ENTRY POINT AFTER DE(cid:173)
`. TERMINING THAT THIS IS
`THE DAY a Tl ME TO MAKE
`320
`' - - ACALL TO THE CEN 'TRAl
`STATION 11 TO UPLOAD
`INFO. ON PPV SHOW,OTHER
`PAY CHANNELS, POWER
`OUTAGESJ>R FOR
`DIAGNOS.1 ICS
`
`FIG. 38-1
`
`DAYS TIME TO
`MAKE A CALL TO
`CENTRALSTATION II
`
`324
`
`PREPARE CODE:JI:, PPV Si-ON
`INFO, AND OTHER DATA TO
`UPLOAD TO CENTRALSTA(cid:173)
`TION II PULL IN THE PHONE
`RaAY, a READ CALL
`PROGRESS CHIP FOR
`PHONE LINE STATUS.
`326
`
`FIG. 38-3
`
`FIG. 38-2
`
`FIG. 38
`
`330
`
`328
`
`384
`
`386
`
`INCREMENT
`1NO DIAL TONE'
`0 COUNTER
`
`G0 10N HOOK'
`(HANG UP THE
`PHONE)
`
`ADD# OF OOWNLOADED
`Ml NS. TO CURRENT
`TIME SSET TIME TO
`MAKE NEXT CALL
`
`36'8
`
`DIAL SEOONDARY
`PHONE NO.
`
`INCREMENT DIALIN
`COUNTER a READ
`1CALL PROGRESS'
`INPUT
`
`WAIT FOR HOST
`TO ANSWER AND
`SEND BACK
`CARRIER
`
`340
`
`346
`
`334
`
`DIAL PRIMARY
`PHONE NO.
`
`332
`
`338
`
`INCREMENT
`BUSY
`'NFR>-~THE'susy'
`COUNTER
`
`342
`
`'344
`
`INCREMENT
`NO
`>-~ 1 NO CARRIER'
`COUNTER
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 13
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 13 of 15
`
`4,893,248
`
`350
`
`SEND SPECIFIC l.D.
`#, WAIT UP TO 15
`SECS. FOR 1EN0°
`SIGNAL
`
`354
`
`SEND CODE#,
`PPV INFO, OlllER
`INFO,a BLOCK
`CODE
`
`358
`
`356
`
`IN PUT DOWN LOADED
`MESSAGE a BLOCK
`CODE FROM CENTRAL
`STATION II
`
`INCREMENT
`~--t-i 1NAK 1
`COUNTER
`
`362
`
`360
`
`SEND 1ACK I TO
`CENTRAL STATION II
`
`370 --~~~~----.
`f
`CALCULATE THE NEW
`SECURITY CODE a
`COMPARE 10 ONE
`SENT FROM THE
`CENTRAL STATION 11
`
`385
`
`364
`
`SEN0 1 NAK 1 a
`INCREMENT
`1NAK 1 COUNTER
`
`378
`
`ZERO THE
`'NAK' COUNTER 1-----:1..,
`
`INCREMENT
`THE 'WRONG
`,,._...,.. CODE' COUNTER
`
`380
`
`374
`
`FIG. 38-2
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 14
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 14 of 15
`
`4,893,248
`
`394
`
`INCREMENT CALL IN
`DAY a SET TIME m
`PLACE CALL NEXT
`DAY
`IN A.M.
`
`396
`
`392
`
`WAIT UNTILCURRENT
`CLOCK TIME EQUALS
`NEXT TIME TO DIAL 1-----1~
`CENTRAL STATION 11
`
`398
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`400
`
`SEND INFO TO
`CONVERTER 14
`TO COMPLETELY·---402
`SHUT IT DOWN
`
`404
`
`RETURN TO MA IN
`PROGRAM LOOP AND
`t---------------~ GO TO THE NEXT
`FUNCTION
`
`STORE ANY NEW
`DOWN LOADED DATA
`(IF ANY)
`
`382
`
`FIG. 38-3
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 15
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.9,1990
`
`Sheet 15 of 15
`
`4,893,248
`
`302,
`INITIALIZATK)N
`........__ ROUTINE FROM
`COMPUTER RT
`
`300
`
`'
`
`304
`ACQUIRE FROM
`\..
`"'-....__ ROM THE 800
`TYPE OF :ff: FOR
`BACKUP COMPUTER
`
`306,
`MAKE CALL 10
`'-..... OUlSIDE FOR
`CONNECTING TO
`BACKUP COMPUTER
`
`1 I
`
`308
`,
`REPORTS ITS
`""-.. UNIQUE RT NUMBER
`TO THE BACKUP
`COMPUTER
`
`310~
`
`• r
`
`BAO<UP COMPUTER ADDITONAL INFORMATION MAX. :!:I: OF RE-
`lHAT ALSJ COMES FROM
`CALLS DUE TO CAI.!:.
`PROVll:ES; 18r2 TELE
`# 1S,.#OFPPV CH1S, THEl-OSTCOMPUTER; 2
`SECR.CODE<>
`ACTUAL CHAN# Is I BYTES OF MINS THAT
`DOWNLOADED
`CALLIN SCHOL, PRES. REPRESENT MAX.:ltOF
`CODE
`TIME 8 DATE CHAN
`\11EWING MINUTES THAT
`MAP ~CONVERTER, AFTER WHICH IT BE<X>MES
`5 DIGIT SECURITY
`A BILLAB...E EVENT
`COD£ MAX. EVENT
`TIME LENGTH
`
`312
`
`STORES ACQUIRED
`INFO INTO RAM
`- . -1 AND SETS THE
`CLOCK
`
`314
`"----RETURN TO THE
`MAIN PROGRAM
`110
`
`FIG. 3C
`
`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 16
`
`

`
`MONITORING AND REPORTING SYSTEM FOR
`REMOTE TERMINALS
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`1. Field of the Invention
`This invention relates to a secure system comprise of
`a plurality of remote terminals and at least one central
`station for receiving data monitored and reported by
`each of the remote terminals. In particular, this inven- lO
`tion relates in one illustrative embodiment thereof to a
`system of remote terminals, which monitors and accu(cid:173)
`mulates data relating to pay per view television pro(cid:173)
`grams that have been authorized at the remote terminal
`and, thereafter, reports such program data in a secure 15
`fashion as will prevent potential interference or inter(cid:173)
`ception by a viewer at the remote terminal.
`2. Description Of The Prior Art
`There are many applications for monitoring and re(cid:173)
`porting systems from a plurality of remote terminals. In 20
`the absence of such systems, the accumulation of data or
`the periodic monitoring of conditions at a large number
`of diversely located remote terminals would be a time
`consuming and expensive job if accomplished by read(cid:173)
`ers traveling to each location. It is thus desirable to 25
`accumulate such data at a central location without the
`necessity of traveling to each terminal and with a mini(cid:173)
`mum of human intervention. Typically, such systems
`have been employed to monitor utility consumption,
`e.g. water, gas, and/or electricity, in private homes or 30
`commercial establishments. At each such remote loca(cid:173)
`tion, a terminal is disposed with sensors or monitors
`particularly adapted for monitoring an activity at that
`remote location, storing the monitored data and subse(cid:173)
`quently reporting the accumulated data on a periodic 35
`basis to a centrally disposed station. A host computer is
`typically disposed at the central station for receiving
`reports from each of the remote terminals and for using
`the reported data to bill the customer for the rend,ered
`services or consumption.
`In an illustrative embodiment of this invention, this
`secure system relates to a pay per view television (TV)
`system which monitors each TV program that a viewer
`at the remote terminal authorizes and, thereafter, re(cid:173)
`ports to the host computer data indicative of the autho- 45
`rized programs and a code identifying the remote termi-
`nal and viewer. In addition, it may be desirable to report
`the actual viewing time, as well as to identify the partic(cid:173)
`ular viewed program or a channel on which a particular
`pay per view program was transmitted.
`As described in "PAY-PER-VIEW: THE LOGIS(cid:173)
`TICS, Alternative Pay-Per-View Technologies: A
`Load Capacity Analysis," by Shellie Rosser, CABLE
`MARKETING, June 1986, there are two types of pay
`per view systems: real time and non-real time systems. 55
`Real time systems require that a prospective viewer
`must first place an order with the central station to
`authorize the selected program. Such a preorder may be
`placed over a conventional, non-dedicated telephone
`line or a dedicated cable interconnecting the remote 60
`terminal and the central station. The central station
`responds to the preorder and forwards an enabling mes(cid:173)
`sage addressed the particular remote terminal from
`which the selected program was ordered.
`An inherent limitation in such real time systems lies in 65
`the capacity of the central station to receive and process
`program preorders in that interval of time immediately
`proceeding the program transmission time. In real time
`
`1
`
`4,893,248
`
`2
`systems where telephone lines are employed, human
`operators can handle typically one order per minute,
`thus significantly limiting those "impulse buyers" who
`decide at the last minute to view a particular, pay per
`view TV program. To in part overcome the limitations
`of a human operator, some real time systems employ
`automated voice-response apparatus at the central sta(cid:173)
`tion, which recognizes the tones transmitted from a
`conventional dual tone modulated frequency (DTMF)
`tone dialing phone. However, human operators must
`still handle orders received from viewers without
`DTMF tone dialing phones.
`Even with such automated equipment, the host com(cid:173)
`puter at the central station must perform a credit check
`and, if good, download the viewer s telephone and
`account numbers to an addressable controller, which in
`turn transmits the enabling message to the ordering
`remote terminal. Such real time systems may be further
`streamlined by employing an auto-dialer at the remote
`terminal, whereby the order is automatically transmit(cid:173)
`ted to the central station. Alternative to the use of con-
`ventional telephone transmission lines is the use of two(cid:173)
`way cable systems, which are capable of transmitting
`TV program orders at an exceptionally high speed from
`the remote terminal to the central station. The im(cid:173)
`proved capability of these real time systems is achieved
`at greater and greater expense as automated apparatus is
`employed at the remote terminals and at the central
`station, or as a two-way cable system is employed in(cid:173)
`stead of a conventional telephone transmission line.
`In a non-real time system, it is not necessary to trans(cid:173)
`mit first a preorder to a central station. Rather, the
`viewer actuates a remote terminal, whereby a decoding
`or descraming apparatus at the remote terminal autho(cid:173)
`rizes or permits access to the selected pay per view TV
`program as transmitted to the r<mote terminal on a
`cable. Thus, the viewer may authorize a selected TV
`program and have it immediately descrambled and
`available for viewing without delaying to communicate
`with the central station. Once selected and authorized,
`data identifying the selected pay per view TV program
`is stored in the terminal's memory. At a later time, the
`remote terminal transmits a report message to the cen(cid:173)
`tral station by a second cable, or by a conventional
`telephone transmission line.
`Examples of non-real time pay per view TV systems
`are provided by U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,851 of Asip et al.
`and U.S. Pat. No. 4, 104,486 of Martin et al. The Asip et
`so al. system is implemented by a microprocessor, and a
`memory for storing the time of day and channel identifi(cid:173)
`cation of an authorized pay per view TV program. The
`Asip et al. system also includes a telephone interface for
`determining if the viewer's telephone is in use or free.
`At selected times controlled by a real-time clock, the
`remote terminal of Asip et al. initiates a call to a central
`station to report periodically the programs authorized
`by the viewer. If the subscriber's phone is busy, the
`remote terminal will initiate a call at a later time when
`the viewer's telephone is free. Each remote terminal
`and its viewer have a unique identity code, whereby the
`viewer may be billed. The host computer at the central
`station may transmit control messages to the remote
`terminal, e.g., transmit a message to deactuate the re(cid:173)
`mote terminal if the viewer has not paid his/her bill.
`The Asip et al. system also includes a 24 hour real time
`clock that is used to transmit at predetermined intervals
`a report message including data indicative of the autho-
`
`40
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`PMC Exhibit 2011
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 17
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`rized program(s) and the identity code of the remote
`terminal to the central station. In addition, Asip et al.
`-provides the viewer with a limited time, e.g., one min(cid:173)
`ute, to preview the authorized program before charging
`the viewer. In particular, Asip et al. employs a transient 5
`or buffer memory for storing program authorization
`data and a timer in the form of a software timing loop
`that upon timing out causes the transfer of the program
`authorization data from the buffer memory, if still there,
`to a second memory, from which it may be transmitted 10
`to the central station.
`The Martin et al. patent '486 also relates to a remote
`terminal for monitoring and accumulating data pertain(cid:173)
`ing to the pay per view TV programs accessed at a
`remote terminal identified by a unique code. The re- 15
`mote terminal transmits a message reporting program
`data to a central station over non-dedicated telephone
`iines. A host computer at the central station receives
`these report messages and generates bills in accordance
`with the authorized programs. At each remote terminal
`of Martin et al., there is included a telephone dialing
`apparatus that upon command of a preconditioning
`circuit seizes a telephone line and transmits the report
`message. The preconditioning circuit includes one or
`more timers, each of which generates an output pulse at
`predetermined timed periodic bases, e.g., every two
`weeks or once a month. The output pulses serve to
`precondition the telephone dialing apparatus to in turn
`report the accumulated pay per view program data.
`The advantage of a non-real time system is its ability
`to accommodate the impulse viewer, who at a time
`immediately prior to or at the beginning of a pay per
`view TV program wishes to authorize the viewing of
`that program. In contrast to real time systems wherein 35
`it is necessary to transmit a preorder to a central station
`to authorize the selected program, a non-real time pro(cid:173)
`gram simply records the authorized program and re(cid:173)
`ports that program and the unique code of the remote
`terminal at a later time to the central terminal for billing 40
`purposes. A significant problem associated with non(cid:173)
`real time systems relates to attempts to defeat the re(cid:173)
`porting of authorized pay per view TV programs at a
`later time by tampering with the remote terminal. Typi(cid:173)
`cal of such attempts is the removal of power from the 45
`remote terminal as by unplugging the power line in the
`hopes that the remote terminal will be able to neither
`store data indicative of the authorized pay per view TV
`program, nor at a subsequent time to transmit a message
`reporting the accumulated pay per view program data 50
`to the central station.
`Efforts to secure a remote terminal from attempts to
`prevent accurate reporting, are further complicated by
`the desire to provide the viewer with a preview of a
`particular pay per view TV program, before the viewer 55
`is charged for that program. Typically, the viewer will
`select that channel on which a pay per view TV pro(cid:173)
`gram will or is currently appearing. The viewer will
`actuate his/her remote terminal to authorize and to
`descramble the program signal so that it will be dis- 60
`played as an unscrambled image upon the viewer's TV
`set. It is desired to provide a grace or preview period of
`a relatively short interval in which the viewer may
`decide whether he/she wants to watch that program. If
`not, the viewer will deactuate the remote terminal, 65
`otherwise if the viewer continues to watch the pro(cid:173)
`gram, the pay per vie TV program will be recorded
`and, subsequently, a report message will be forwarded
`
`4,893,248
`
`4
`to the central station reporting the authorizing and
`viewing of that pay per view TV program.
`The Martin et al. patent '486, described above, imple(cid:173)
`mented such a preview by using a temporary or buffer
`memory for storing a signal indicative of a pay per view
`TV program and if present in the buffer memory after a
`predetermined interval,