United States Patent [19J
`Kupnicki et al.
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`4,742,544
`May 3, 1988
`
`[76]
`
`[54] TELEVISION TRANSMISSION NETWORK
`WITH SCRAMBLING AND DESCRAMBLING
`Inventors: Richard A. Kupnicki, 584 Farewell
`Street, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada,
`LlH 6M8; Stanley R. Moote, 9
`Gervais Drive, Brampton, Ontario,
`Canada, L6Y 2V3
`[21] Appl. No.: 629,180
`Jul. 9, 1984
`[22] Filed:
`Int. Cl.4 ........................ H04N 7/167; H04L 9/00
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl ......................................... 380/14; 380/19;
`380/20; 380/37; 380/50
`[58] Field of Search ............... 358/114, 119, 121, 122;
`178/22.04, 22.Q7, 22.05, 22.19; 380/10, 14, 19,
`20, 23, 36, 37, 50
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`3,659,046 4/1972 Angeleri et al. ................. 178/22.13
`4,070,693 1/1978 Shutterly ........................ 358/122 X
`4,240,106 12/1980 Michael et al. ....................... 358/36
`4,266,243 5/1981 Shutterly ........................ 358/116 X
`4,318,125 3/1982 Shutterly ............................. 358/121
`4,388,643 6/1983 Aminetzah ...................... 358/122 X
`4,390,898 6/1983 Bond et al. ..................... 358/123 X
`
`4,392,123 7/1983 Briiggemann .................... 358/36 X
`4,405,942 9/1983 Block et al .......................... 358/119
`4,484,027 11/1984 Lee et al. ........................ 358/122 X
`4,535,355 8/1985 Am et al. ........................ 358/122 X
`4,605,961 8/1986 Frederiksen .................... 358/121 X
`
`Primary Examiner-Stephen C. Buczinski
`Assistant Examiner-Linda J. Wallace
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ridout & Maybee
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A controlled access television communications network
`in which scrambling and descrambling are accom(cid:173)
`plished by digital signal processing. At the scrambler,
`the video and audio information are digitized, seg(cid:173)
`mented for example on a line-by-line basis, and ran(cid:173)
`domly reordered. Decryption data corresponding to the
`random reordering of the information segments are
`derived, and inserted into the scrambled video data. A
`composite signal comprising the video data, audio mod(cid:173)
`ulated subcarrier, synchronizing signals and the decryp(cid:173)
`tion data is transmitted to the receivers along with dedi(cid:173)
`cated keys whereby descramblers at the receivers are
`selectively enabled in accordance with the remote se(cid:173)
`lection of authorized users.
`
`11 Claims, 27 Drawing Sheets
`
`AUDIO INPUT 1 o------1
`AUDKJ 1NPUT 2 !o - - - - - l
`AUOKJ INPUT3 o------1
`
`VIDEO INPUT
`
`PROGRAM VIDEO
`OUTPUT
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 1
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`May 3, 1988
`
`Sheet 1 of27
`
`4,742,544
`
`:r:
`
`(Y)
`
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent May 3,1988
`
`Sheet 2 of27
`
`4,742,544
`
`BLANKING -----l r
`u
`
`LEVEL
`
`~-------H--------
`
`FIG.2a
`
`REF
`WHITE
`
`z
`
`REF BLACK---(cid:173)
`BLANKING-----
`
`SYNC LEVEL------- - ' - - - - - - - - 1
`FIG.2b
`
`.....
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`'-'>r'
`
`10
`
`\
`
`DES
`
`,-....._50% BURST
`/AMPLITUDE
`LIMITS
`
`FIG.2c
`
`;(12
`
`FIG. 3
`
`11
`
`I
`
`INVERSE
`DES
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 3
`
`

`

`13
`
`VIDEO IN o-------,~
`
`BLANKING
`REGENERATOR
`
`17
`
`COMPOSITE
`~VIDEO
`OUT
`22
`
`SUBSCRIBER
`CONTROL>---(cid:173)
`INFORMATION
`
`DIFFERENTIAL A-D
`AMPLIFIER
`CONVERTER ,----'L----,
`
`23
`
`29
`
`\
`
`AUDIO
`INPUTS ..,_.=_L---1/
`
`AUDIO
`PROCESSOR
`
`25
`
`28
`
`FIG.4
`
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`~
`rt a
`
`3:
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`00
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`
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`
`til :t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 4
`
`

`

`46
`
`41
`
`BLANKING
`REGENERATOR
`
`COMPOSITE
`VIDEO IN
`
`-=-
`
`RESAMPLING CLOCK
`OUTPUT
`AMPLIFIER
`D-A
`CONVERTER AND FILTER
`
`....- ....-
`
`-.. • ... 1 AUDIO ?UTPUT
`1 AUDIO OUTPUT
`~) 2
`
`AUDIO
`PROCESSOR
`
`FIG.5
`
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`
`44
`
`w J AUDIO OUTPUT
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`
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 5
`
`

`

`50\
`
`56~
`
`SFRIAI AUDIO
`
`PAM DATA
`
`~
`r;F1
`
`~ (t a
`
`BYPASS VIDEO'\
`
`VIDEO INPUT
`
`INPUT
`PROCESSOR
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`VIDEO
`DATA
`51
`
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`
`DIGITAL
`MEMORY
`
`L
`
`J
`
`I
`
`h
`
`I I 57
`
`60
`~
`_L
`~ «
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`RELAY ~OUTPUT
`"'"""
`\l:)
`00
`00
`
`INPUT TIMING
`SIGNALS
`'-
`
`14.3 MHZ CLK
`
`RANDOM ADDRESS'
`
`53---
`
`TIMING
`DECODER
`
`~SYSTEM TIMING I SIGNALS
`
`59
`\
`
`CNTRL
`ASSEMBLY
`
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`MEMORY ~
`CONTROLLER
`
`I'- 8-BIT CONTROL OAT A
`
`RS232 DATA CHANNEL<=>------__.J
`RS232 CONTROL
`PROCESSOR
`
`58
`
`55
`
`FIG. 6
`
`C> MONITOR VIDEO
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`OUTPUT
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 6
`
`

`

`~ r;n
`~ !'"'+-
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`
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`FIG. 7
`
`64 65
`I.C
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`
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 7
`
`

`

`66
`
`\
`
`67
`
`\
`
`68
`
`/
`
`~70
`
`INPUT VIDEO
`
`0
`
`4.5 MHZ
`LOW PASS FILTER
`
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`AMPLIFIER
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`OUTPUT
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`
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`
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`
`t
`...._ BURST PROCESSOR DATA (8-BIT)
`
`73 CNTRL VOLTAGE
`~ ~
`
`lr 14.3MHZ 1 -
`
`vco
`
`/71
`
`CLOCK
`DRIVERS
`
`~ SYSTEM CLOCKS
`(14.3 MHZ)
`
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`HO TO H9
`
`':-.. L)
`
`COMPOSITE SYNC
`
`69
`"--
`
`SYNC
`SEPARATOR
`
`GENLOCK
`VIDEO
`
`0
`
`CLOCK
`ERROR
`PROCESSOR
`
`+
`
`f\72
`
`FIG.8
`
`~
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`
`~
`~
`
`CLOCKS
`LOCAL
`MHZ)
`(14.3
`00 T 2T
`01 ;2T
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`00
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`VIDEO PRES
`H PHS SYNC
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`
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 8
`
`

`

`691
`LUMINANCE 692
`,-.~..----. VIDEO
`~
`GENLOCK.........______ 3.58MHZ
`VIDEO~ BAND STOP
`
`I
`
`I
`
`FIG. Sa
`
`693
`
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`
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`
`694
`
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`II
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`DELETER
`
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`
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`
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`DETECTOR
`
`696
`
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`DETECTOR
`
`V PHASE SYNC
`
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`
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`
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`til t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 9
`
`

`

`737
`
`738
`
`741
`
`742
`
`743
`
`CONVOLVER
`
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`OFFSET
`
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`
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`
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`
`---- -732 ___ ----n;------------
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`
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`
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`_____ cd_
`
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`
`744
`
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`
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`
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`BURST FLAG
`
`B.F. WINDOW
`
`COMP SYNC
`
`VIDEO
`PRESENT
`
`3.58MHZ
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`FILTER
`
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`DETECTOR
`
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`
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`
`734
`
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`
`749
`
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`
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`
`FIG. 8b
`
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`til t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 10
`
`

`

`81
`~
`C/BW ~ SCH
`QO ~CORRECTOR H COUNTER PHASE) I
`
`76
`I
`
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`
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`DISCRIMINATOR
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`74
`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`
`79
`
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`
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`
`VPHASESYNCcr-1
`
`v
`DISCRIMINATOR
`
`DISCRIMINATEDV
`1
`1
`
`14.3MHZ CLK
`14.3MHZ CLK
`
`I
`
`I
`
`FIG.9
`
`D 15KHZ
`31KHZ
`CLKi6
`RASiCAS
`-WRITE STROBE
`-,._, B.F. WINDOW
`8 H RESET
`"L.J H SYNC
`
`COMP. BLANKING (INV)
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`-
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`DATA MODE
`
`~ H18-H262 (INV)
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`COLOR FIELD ID
`
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`
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 11
`
`

`

`8-BIT
`......,
`VIDEO DATA
`-.........
`VAO
`VA1
`!:::
`........ -~
`VA2
`VA3
`,__,
`VA4
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`VA5
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`,......,.
`RAS CAS
`WRITE STROBE :D
`
`8,1..
`
`85
`
`ADDRESS
`COUNTER/
`MULTIPLEXER
`
`r----
`r----
`r----
`f---
`f----.- CNTRL SIGNAL
`1-----
`LOGIC
`1-- AND DRIVERS
`
`MEMORY ADDRESS
`(8-BIT BUS) \
`
`RAS1
`
`CAS\
`
`WRITE ENABLE 1
`
`l
`
`VIDEO FRAME
`MEMORY ARRAY
`384K x 8 BITS
`
`It
`
`--cLINE SEGMENT ADDRESS CLOCK
`
`AUDIO OAT L.J"
`14.3MHZ CLK .......
`14.3MHZ CLK D
`
`I
`.,
`
`CLOCK
`DISTRIBUTION
`
`I
`
`I
`
`(83
`J AUDIO MEMORY I
`64K X 1 BIT I
`-~
`
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`
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`~ .._,
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`
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`- - - - -
`
`~
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`
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`
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`til t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 12
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent May 3, 1988
`
`Sheet 12 of 27
`
`4,742,544
`
`821
`
`/
`
`1 VIDEO DATA BIT__...
`
`SHIFT REGISTER
`
`822
`
`v
`
`LATCH
`
`•ADDRESS & CONTROL-
`
`v823
`
`6 x 64Kx1 RAMS
`
`824
`~
`SHIFT REGISTER 1---1 VIDEO DATA BIT
`
`Fl G.10a
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 13
`
`

`

`so 1
`so 2
`so 3
`
`XOR CLK PROC
`H18-H262 (INV)
`15KHZ
`CLK6
`HO-H9 (INV)
`
`DCDO e>-----,
`DCD1
`DCD2
`DCD3~--~
`DCD4o----r-=
`
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`
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`
`1
`
`91
`
`101
`
`AD1 I DIGITAL SUBCARRIER
`GENERATOR AND
`PHASE MODULATOR
`
`0/A
`CONVERTER
`
`6.6MHZAUDIO
`SUBCARRIER
`
`26MHZ CLK
`
`SUBCARRIER
`TIMING
`CONTROL
`
`r- 96
`
`~PAM-DO
`I PAM ~PAM-01
`
`c:;
`
`,
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`
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`Ul t
`
`26 MHZ
`OSCILLATOR
`
`CRC ERROR
`
`14.3MHZ CLK D
`(INV.)
`
`"I
`
`I
`
`~ S,H(INV)
`
`Cl1 (INV)
`CI2(1NV)
`CI3(1NV)
`,u LAWCONVERT
`14-BIT CONVERT
`SHIFT CLK
`
`FIG.11
`
`DATA
`
`BIT
`SCRAMBLE
`DATA
`
`CRC
`CONTROL FIG.11a
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 14
`
`

`

`RS232 EXT.
`COMPUTER CNTRL
`
`D
`
`7.16MHZ
`VIDEO PRESENT
`D
`BURST PRESENT
`
`'---"
`
`RS232 USER DATA
`CHANNEL
`
`~
`
`USER DATA
`PROCESSOR
`
`112_/
`
`ADDRESS FIFO
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`ADDRESS FIFO
`SHIFT OUT
`1 4. 3M HZ C LK r::::::>----+-1
`14.3MHZ CLK (INVJ
`
`.~
`
`.....___
`
`,........,
`
`"'""'
`
`FRONT PANEL
`OAT A AND CONTROL
`
`REMOTE PANEL
`DATA AND CONTROL
`
`USER DATA
`
`PROCESSOR
`
`CONTROL
`DATA
`
`ADDRESS f--c:>
`FIFO
`
`ADDRESS CONTROL
`DATA
`
`111_......--
`
`110.../
`
`J I
`
`....--..
`
`ADDRESS FIFO
`OUTPUT READY
`
`FIG.12
`
`~
`Vl
`
`~ f""to-a
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`~(j.J
`
`~
`'C
`00
`00
`
`(FJ
`:::r'
`('t> a
`
`~
`,&;;;..
`~
`N
`-.l
`
`.&;;;...
`VI
`
`~ VI Ul t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 15
`
`

`

`86
`
`I
`
`DATA
`CONTROLLER
`
`87
`
`LINE ADDRESS
`CONTROLLER
`
`ADDRESS
`CONTROL DATA
`
`VD5
`
`ADDRESS FIFO
`OUTPUT READY
`CONTROL FIFO
`INPUT READY
`B WFIELDID
`COLOR FIELD \D.
`
`V INTERRUPT
`WRITE INHIBIT
`FIFO INTERRUPT
`
`14.3MHZ CLK D
`14.3MHZ CLK (\NV) D
`
`•I
`•
`
`CLOCK
`DISTRIBUTION
`'--------1
`
`FIG.13
`
`~
`V1
`~ a
`~ a
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`~
`1-"
`\0
`00
`00
`
`\f)
`::r
`a
`
`~
`
`1-"
`(Jt
`0 .....,
`N
`-......l
`
`XOR LOAD
`XOR CLOCK
`ADDRESS FIFO
`SHIFT OUT
`ADDRESS FIFO
`RESET (\NV)
`CNTRL FIFO SHIFT IN
`CNTRL FIFO RESET (\NV)
`8-B\T CONTROL OAT A
`
`=
`
`VAO
`VA1
`VA2
`VA3
`VA4
`VA5
`VA6
`VA7
`VAS
`
`-...
`.......,J
`
`....
`.... N
`til t
`
`-...
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 16
`
`

`

`AUDIO
`SUBCARRIER o - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1
`8-BIT VIDEO DATA c:::>-------------..
`B.F. ACTIVE (I NV) r::>--(cid:173)
`B.F. BLANKING (I NV)
`COMP. SYNC (INV)
`DATA MODE (INV)D
`CHANGE DATA (INV) o
`
`106
`
`:I
`
`SYNC/
`SUBCARRIER
`GENERATOR
`
`VARIABLE
`DELAY
`
`D/A
`CONVERTER
`
`102
`
`6.6 MHZ
`BAND PASS
`FILTER
`
`109
`
`105
`
`104
`
`II
`
`• -
`
`I
`I I -
`
`r-1 ....~.,_....~.,_....,~__.,1
`
`I
`
`00+2T
`01 +2TD----'
`
`107
`
`H18-H2:~J~~~~
`PAM-01 ~
`8-BIT CONTROL OAT A
`
`I
`
`CNTRL FIFO RESET (INV)
`CNTRL FIFO S.l.
`
`BLANKING (INV)D
`
`1
`
`14.3MHZ CLK (INV)
`
`14.3MHZ CLK ~ :I
`
`DATA
`FIFO
`MEMORY
`
`WHITE
`MARKER
`GENERATOR
`, 1so I
`
`CLOCK
`DISTRIBUTION
`
`I
`
`Hoa I 1
`
`FIG.14
`
`~
`r;£1
`
`~ f""'to.. a
`
`~
`~
`"'w
`"""'" \0
`00
`00
`
`CFl ::r
`
`(t>
`
`:
`CNTRL FIFO
`INPUT READY 0'\
`~
`N
`-.....1
`
`..&;;..
`-...
`
`~ -...
`til
`~
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 17
`
`

`

`200
`
`SCRAMB
`LED~
`VIDEO
`
`~
`
`WIDEBAND VIDEO'\
`(WITH 6.6 MHZ SUBCARRIER)
`
`ANALOG PROCESSOR
`
`SERIAL AUDIO DATA
`
`v
`
`I - -
`1--
`
`-- ~ ,_
`
`1--t-
`
`AGC DATA-
`SCRAMBLED VIDEO DATA-
`H PHASE SYNC -
`V PHASE SYNC -
`VIDEO PRESENT
`AP TIMING SIGNALS
`UNSCRAMBLED AUDIO DATA
`UNSCRAMBLED VIDEO DATA
`
`DEMODULATED
`r AUDIO DATA
`
`AUDIO DATA;
`STROBE
`
`SUBCARRIER
`DEMOD.
`
`~I-
`
`FIG.l5
`- - - - -
`
`DIGITAL PROCESSOR
`
`201
`
`COMPANDED
`AUDIO
`OUTPUT
`
`CH 1~DATA
`
`CNTR
`
`LINEAR AUDIO
`OUTPUT
`
`\
`CH 2 DATA
`CNTR
`
`LINEAR AUDIO
`OUTPUT
`
`i
`CNTR
`
`........
`
`PROGRAM
`VIDEO OUTPUT
`MONITOR
`--D
`VIDEO OUTPUT
`
`203
`
`...s---...
`
`CH 1 AUDIO
`
`...s---...
`
`CH 1 AUDIO (JNV)
`
`204 v
`
`--r>
`
`CH 2 AUDIO
`CH 2 AUDIO (INV)
`-r>
`
`205
`
`_./
`
`_..,
`
`CH 3 AUDIO
`CH AUDIO (INV)
`--r>
`
`~ rn
`~ ..........
`~ ..........
`g:
`
`~
`~
`1-"
`\0
`00
`00
`
`r,JJ :r
`(t) a
`
`1-"
`-.1
`~
`N
`-.1
`
`.&;;.
`....
`-....,J
`~ ....
`til
`:1:
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 18
`
`

`

`14.3 MHZ CLK
`
`D----0 CLK
`
`1 O-BIT PROCESSOR
`\,......_
`BUS
`
`212
`
`\
`
`10-BIT
`D.iA
`CONVERTER
`
`' - -
`
`210
`I SAMPLE
`
`GAIN
`
`lAND HOLD
`~
`~SAMPLE 211
`AND HOLD
`~
`SET-tfr
`
`v2o1
`
`CLAMPING r---
`AMPLIFIER
`
`208./
`
`213
`CLAMP PULSE-...
`
`~
`rJl .
`~ ~
`~ ~
`
`~
`~ <-<
`~ ,.....
`\0
`00
`00
`
`20\
`
`MIO
`~
`f-o
`Ml1
`f-o
`Ml2
`A-D
`f-c>
`Ml3
`CONVERTER f-c>
`Ml4
`f-c>
`MIS
`f-o
`Ml6
`Ml7
`-D
`
`~
`~
`
`""L.I
`.......
`"'l..J
`
`r.F1
`H PHASE SYNC
`H PHASE SYNC (I NV) ~
`a
`V PHASE SYNC
`VIDEO PRESENT (INV)
`
`,_.
`00
`~
`N
`-......1
`
`......:J
`
`,. -...
`i!3
`-...
`til :t
`
`GAIN LATCH
`·~
`SET-UP LATCH ·~ ~
`
`20t
`
`INPUT VIDEO
`\ r-"1
`
`~~~0
`INPUT t=t-
`
`BUFFER
`
`4.5MHZ
`LOW PASS
`FiLTER
`
`4
`
`SYNC
`SEPARATOR
`
`~
`
`.......
`"'
`.......
`~ ,.....,.
`
`,......._
`
`,......._
`
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`DA
`
`~ll
`ll
`ll
`L
`
`BYPASS VIDEO./
`
`1_17
`
`..,_,
`
`WIDEBAND VIDEO
`
`216
`?
`OUTPUT
`f-- AMPLIFIER
`
`BYPASS
`PROGRAM VIDEO
`f---oo- RELAY 1--c>
`OUTPUT
`MONITOR VIDEO
`OUTPUT
`
`DA
`CONVERTER
`
`ANALOG
`VIDEO
`
`4.5MHZ
`LOW PASS
`FILTER
`
`211.
`
`FIG.16
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 19
`
`

`

`UNSCRAMBLED c:::>------!
`AUDIO DATA
`
`AUDIO DATA~
`CLOCK
`-
`- L....---...1
`
`I
`
`D SERIAL DATA
`
`AUDIO SYNC
`AUDIO DATA
`GROUP STROBE
`262H18 (INV) c:r-J
`
`AGCO
`
`1~g:~·
`AGC4~i
`
`AGC5
`AUDIO CNTRL r::::J----------..:J
`DATA STROBE
`~C>------------~
`
`I ---~---
`
`SHIFT
`REGISTER
`LOAD
`
`r
`
`AUDIO OUTPUT
`CONTROL TIMING
`DECODER
`
`I
`
`ll
`
`CS1
`CS2
`CS3
`NODE
`SHIFT CLOCK
`
`ACLR1
`-o ACLR2
`ACLR3
`IARLY1
`IARLY2
`IARLY3
`OARLY1
`OARLY2
`OARLY3
`
`_.
`
`AUDIOOUPUT
`CONTROLS
`
`I
`
`0 RS232DATACHANNEL
`CONNECTOR
`
`FIG.17
`
`~
`1/1
`~ a
`~ e.
`
`~ '-<
`
`,_.V.J
`,......
`1.0
`00
`00
`
`IJJ :r
`I'D a ,......
`1.0
`~
`N
`
`-....l ... ~
`~ ~ Ul t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 20
`
`

`

`~ r;n
`~ a t'e a
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`~
`1--"
`\0
`00
`00
`
`en ::r
`(t> a
`
`N
`0
`~
`N
`-....l
`
`.a;..
`-...
`--1
`.a;..
`N
`-...
`
`til :t
`
`~
`
`ADO
`AD1
`AD2
`AD3
`
`lv110-MI7
`
`....--..
`
`H COUNT (HO TO H9)
`262H18 (INV)"
`1ST 20 LINES...,
`ADDR FIFO RESET
`\
`H121-262 (INV)
`
`AUDIO-PROC.
`
`223~
`
`f Lc, RASiCAS CNTRL r
`
`0
`
`22:_
`
`0
`
`98K BY 8-BIT
`MEMORY
`:- ,------- (WITH ADDRESS CNTRL LOGIC)
`
`AUDIO DATA (4-BIT)
`22t::
`(-.)
`
`~
`
`226
`
`TILT
`CORRECTOR
`
`LATCH
`
`SERIAL AUDIO DATA
`-D
`AUDIO DATA CLK
`AUDIO DATA STROBE
`AUDIO SYNC
`
`8-BIT OUTPUT
`VIDEO DATA
`(DAO TO DA?)
`
`r-----
`
`\...:" H SYNC
`RANDOM
`ADDRESS
`
`"
`.,VIDEO DATA
`PROCESSOR 'VAfj'"""
`227~
`~
`
`MEM
`
`- ADD
`
`\
`DESCRAMBLEDt
`VIDEO DATA
`
`FIFO
`)TROBE
`\
`AUDIO XOR
`ERROR DATA
`
`- 1
`
`BLANKING
`REGENERATOR
`
`-
`r---230
`
`SEQUENTIAL
`/'ADDRESS
`(SA1 TO SA?)
`......-BLANKING CNTRL SIGNALS
`
`V PHASE SYNC
`H PHASE SYNC
`H PHASE SYNC (INV)
`
`~
`~
`
`~
`~
`
`FIG.18
`
`TIMING
`DECODER
`
`4 VOLTAGE
`
`2{1
`
`CONTROLLED
`OSCILLATOR
`
`PrOCESSOR
`TIMING
`228-
`SIGNALS
`VIDEO PROCESSOR DATAIPDO TO PDBJJ
`
`1-
`
`SECURITY
`PROCESSOR
`
`ON-BOARD
`CLOCKS
`
`"-229
`
`OFF-BOARD CLOCK
`
`~
`
`AGC DATA
`(AGCO TC AGC9)
`_....,
`GAIN STROBE
`SET-UP STROBE
`AUDIO CONTROL OAT A
`BYPASS
`STROBE
`FRONT PANEL DATA
`FRONT PANEL STROBE
`FRONT PANEL CLK
`
`~
`~
`
`II
`
`I
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 21
`
`

`

`DESCRAMBLED
`VIDEO DATA
`(MOO-M07)
`
`2251
`\
`
`PDQ TO PD7
`
`o-----
`
`LATCH
`
`22~2
`
`EPROM
`
`2253
`L
`
`MAO-MA6
`
`c:::>----o
`
`1--
`
`MEMORY
`
`2256
`L
`
`o--
`H2-H9
`
`o--
`1ST20LINES
`
`TILT
`CORRECTOR
`TIMING
`DECODER
`
`I
`22~
`COUNTER
`
`1
`
`~
`lJl .
`~ t"'+-
`~ t"'+-
`
`~2257
`
`l J254 "'-" ADDER
`r--- UP/DOWN
`r----
`t
`
`COUNTER
`
`t
`
`-
`
`~
`
`~
`~
`DAO-DA7 ~
`1--o'
`\,0
`00
`00
`
`\
`\
`FIG.18a
`
`7J) :r
`rD a
`1--o' a
`
`N
`
`N
`-.)
`
`~ ._.
`-.....l
`
`t:s
`._.
`Ul
`~
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 22
`
`

`

`COLOR FIELD I D. D
`
`1
`
`233
`
`L__
`
`231.
`
`00
`01
`
`:
`
`(HO TO H9)
`
`===-------- , H COUNT
`-===:k~~~~===r=;~~~~~~==~=====tt----
`II
`H SIGNAL I
`II
`
`H
`H PHASE SYNC ~-----1
`DISCRIMINATOR
`H PHASE SYNC(INV)e>--~
`
`910
`COUNTER
`
`H
`COII~IT -I
`
`232
`
`14.3MHZ CLK
`
`31 KHZ
`
`v PHASE SYNC D
`
`236
`\
`
`DISCRIMINATED V
`
`I I DISCRI~
`
`v
`525
`COUNTER I I COUNT
`
`237..../"
`
`•
`
`FORCED BLANKING e>----.
`
`MONOCHROME
`
`FIG.19
`
`DECODER
`
`~ H SYNC(INV)
`DEMOD STROBE
`
`I II < ' IN IA l ( ' -
`· · -·-·· .. --
`
`jL__ __ ----.
`"
`
`VAO
`VA1
`
`6E~g~~~ ~l II
`
`;
`238
`
`t--c:> DEMOD B.F.
`-c:> COMP. B. F.
`-o BLANKING
`--"' COMP SYNC
`
`I :
`
`-c:>VAO
`-c:>VA1
`-c:> VA2
`--... BURST SYNC
`POLARITY
`~ VERTICAL BLANKING
`INTERRUPT
`-o 1ST 20 LINES
`-o LUMINANCE FIELD
`-o 262H18(1NV)
`~ H121-262(1NV)
`_.,SEQUENTIAL ADDRESS
`(SA1 TO SA7)
`
`~
`[/1
`~
`~
`
`~
`~
`~
`~
`\0
`00
`00
`
`\Fl
`0"'
`~
`~
`N
`N
`0
`~
`N
`-1
`
`.a;.
`....
`--.l
`.a;.
`N
`....
`Ul
`.a;.
`.a;.
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 23
`
`

`

`~
`- -
`
`MADO
`MAD1
`MAD2
`~
`MAD3
`--
`
`ADO
`AD1
`AD2
`AD3
`
`-
`........
`
`:::::
`
`II
`
`301
`\
`
`241
`~._
`'
`TRI
`,_._
`S C
`AUDIO ~ -
`r-- STATE
`DATA
`BUFFER
`
`j
`
`PAM AUDIO
`r---~-----,
`r--c:::>
`ERROR
`S C AUDIO
`ERROR
`SERIAL AUDIO
`~
`~
`DATA
`
`CRC ERROR
`PROCESSOR
`& XOR BIT
`DESCRAMBLER
`
`SERIAL
`MEMORY DATA
`
`242
`t
`'\
`
`SHIFT
`REGISTER
`
`l
`
`.____-----+-++-+
`
`CRC SKIP .....-r-
`CRC MODE ~r-
`
`LOCK
`_.,.-AUDIO DATA C
`
`:_
`
`,.
`
`S1CDATASHIFTOUT
`S CDATASHIFTIN
`
`PAM DATA
`
`--= FIFO
`303 t
`302,
`... ~
`-"
`f=: PAM
`MIO
`- o - PAM
`-
`VIDEO & Ml2 Ml1
`>::::: .!=>-
`DATA ~ AUDIO =.
`PAM Ml4 Ml3
`- ~ r- DATA
`DATA Ml6 MIS
`Ml7 o - DECODER
`-
`FIFO
`
`SC DATA EN
`\UDIO DATA CLR - -
`PAM DECODEr
`ENABLE
`
`HCOUNT
`,_
`(HOTOH9)
`XORCLOCK
`
`XORDATA
`(POTO P7)
`XORL.OAD
`c:r-
`262H18(1NV)
`
`~.
`PAM DATA EN
`
`PAM DATA
`,... SHIFT IN
`
`t ~ .1,.. SHIFT OUT
`
`AUDIO
`TIMING
`DECODER
`1
`240-.J
`RAM ADDRESS CLOCK 1
`
`AUDIO
`LOAD
`j(INV)
`
`J
`
`CRCTYPESELECT
`\
`
`AUDIO DATA
`I
`CLOCK
`AUDIO DATA
`1.----c:>
`STROBE
`~
`AUDIO SYNC
`1.__--c:::>
`RAS CAS CNTRL
`
`+ v-244
`
`XOR DATA SERIAL XOR DATA
`RAM
`
`262H18
`
`FIG.20
`
`~
`'f/1
`
`~ a ("C a
`
`~
`~
`'-<
`j;J
`1-'
`\0
`QO
`QO
`
`\f) :r rc
`
`~
`~
`0
`~
`N
`-.....!
`
`.&;;.
`-...
`-.l
`~ -...
`til t
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 24
`
`

`

`8-BIT INPUT
`VIDEO DATA
`(MIO TO Ml7)
`
`RAS>CAS
`CONTROL(! NV)
`
`~
`
`SEQUENTIAL ADDRESS
`(SA1 TO SA?)
`
`H SYNC
`
`H121-262(1NV)
`
`-'---"
`
`2f9
`
`LATCH
`
`-
`
`l
`
`COLUMN
`ADDRESS
`COUNTER
`
`~281
`
`COLUMN ADDRESS (7-BIT)
`~ 248
`\
`
`MEMORY
`ADDRESS
`
`ADDRESS I
`' LINE ADDRESS (7-BIT)
`
`-
`
`-
`
`MULTIPLEXER
`
`(ROW ADDRESS)
`
`RANDOM ADDRESS
`(PO TOP?)
`
`RANDOM
`ADDRESS
`FIFO
`
`1-
`
`"'-250
`
`-~
`
`MEMORY ADDRESS
`FIFO STROBE
`ADDRESS FIFO RESET
`(BURST SYNC
`POLARITY)
`RAS CAS CNTRL
`1ST 20 LINES
`
`4 J
`
`2t5
`
`98K BY 8-BlT
`MEMORY ARRAY
`& LATCHES
`
`<.___J
`
`<.___J
`
`'---"
`
`<.___J
`
`MADO
`MAD1 MEMORY
`MAD2 AUDIO
`MAD3 DATA
`
`--------24
`6
`
`16K X 4-BIT
`
`IL
`- AUDIO
`tq
`
`MEMORY
`
`~
`r.fl .
`I-'d a ~
`DESCRAMBLED a
`:!•
`
`'LJ
`
`VIDEO DATA
`
`~
`~
`~
`,.......
`\Q
`00
`00
`
`CF1 :r ro
`...
`
`~
`N
`
`0
`~
`N
`--l
`
`~ ,..
`-.J
`~
`N
`,..
`til
`:t=
`
`RAS~CAS(INV)-
`W. ENABLE~
`
`2F
`
`MEMORY
`CONTROL
`DECODER
`
`f-.-OC
`~ IC
`
`FIG.21
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 25
`
`

`

`265
`
`2~1
`
`})-LAW
`
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 26
`
`

`

`270
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 27
`
`

`

`256
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`
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`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 28
`
`

`

`TELEVISION TRANSMISSION NETWORK WITH
`SCRAMBLING AND DESCRAMBLING
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`This invention relates to controlled access television
`transmission networks wherein both transmission qual(cid:173)
`ity and security against unauthorized eavesdropping are
`invention
`is applicable · to
`major concerns. The
`video/audio tele-conferencing and to subscription tele(cid:173)
`vision networks.
`
`30
`
`1
`
`4,742,544
`
`2
`data undecodable. The process can be used for a variety
`of applications in addition to tele-conferencing, such as
`program distribution.
`Use of digital signal processing of the video, audio
`and data signals adds another dimension to the security
`level. While analog scrambling methods allow the ma(cid:173)
`nipulation of voltage levels (as in the case of sync sup(cid:173)
`pression and video inversion), or alteration of the fre(cid:173)
`quency spectrum (as in the case of interfering carrier),
`10 the digital method retains these options and adds the
`ability to manipulate time. Since a signal can be digi(cid:173)
`tized and placed in a memory for temporary storage, the
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`rate and the order of the removal of the data from the
`The availability of satellite and microwave communi-
`memory has the effect of re-ordering what previously
`cations links, together with recent advances in electron- 15 were sequential events. Some examples of this method
`ics technology and signal processing hardware, have
`are:
`opened the door to the establishment of controlled ac-
`Line reversal, where lines are reversed end to end at
`cess transmission networks. While the reduced cost of
`random
`earth station receiving equipment brings the investment
`Line position modulation, where the blanking inter-
`for such networks to a reasonable level, it also makes 20
`val is randomly narrowed or expanded, resulting in
`random positioning of line start with respect to
`off-air piracy viable. Laws governing off-air reception
`by anyone willing to invest in the necessary equipment
`synchronizing information.
`are either nonexistent or difficult to enforce. There is
`Line segment swapping, where a video line or lines
`therefore a need for a method of scrambling television
`are segmented and the order of the segments is
`signals whereby to establish high security in such net- 25
`randomly intermixed.
`works. Coupled with this need is the need to transmit
`Line dispersal, where a block of a given number of
`the scrambled signals through existing distribution
`lines is selected and all of the lines within that block
`channels. Thus, parameters such as synchronizing infor-
`are randomly intermixed.
`mation, finite bandwidth restriction and characteristic
`In the above examples, the word random is selected
`distortion of a link must be taken into account.
`to illustrate the fact that with digital processing the
`In any scrambling system, since the transmitted audio
`ability exists to randomly re-order what was initially a
`and video and data information has been scrambled to
`series of sequential events.
`prevent its unauthorized use, it is necessary to provide
`descrambling control information to allow reconstruc-
`If the sequence used in re-ordering the events is
`tion of the transmitted signals by the authorized users. 35 known to the descrambler, the original information can
`The security of this control information is therefore
`be reconstructed. Accordingly, the following conclu-
`crucial to the security of the whole system.
`sions regarding the security of such a system can be
`Various analog scrambling methods are known and in
`drawn:
`current use. The methods employ, for example, sync
`1. The security of the video or audio information is a
`suppression, video inversion or interfering carrier, and 40
`function of the number of segments which are re-
`achieve scrambling by changing the transmission for-
`ordered within a block, and the number of possible
`mat of the video information in such a way that a stan-
`combinations in scrambling the block is a factorial
`dard receiver will not be able to reconstruct the image.
`function. For example, if one uses the line dispersal
`The security provided by these known methods is quite
`method where 120 lines of a block are randomly
`intermixed, there exist 120! or 102°1 possible ways of
`limited, however. Since they rely extensively on hard- 45
`arranging the lines. Only one out of 10201 sequences
`ware for decoding, they can be considered to be fixed
`algorithms in the sense that a one-time addition to, or
`will allow reconstruction of the image even for that
`modification of, an existing equipment will result in
`one block.
`violation of the security. When the security is thus vio-
`2. Since the descrambler requires the line ordering in-
`lated it can only be regained by replacement of the 50
`formation (which we will call "control data"), the
`scrambling and descrambling equipment throughout the
`security of that information also governs the security
`system.
`of the overall system.
`3. The selection of a different random number each time
`re-ordering is done further enhances the security of
`the system by the fact that even if one ordering se(cid:173)
`quence is found, it will be of no use for the next block
`of information.
`Consideration will now be given to the channel
`which will carry the scrambled signal and the distortion
`constraints placed upon the method.
`Synchronization
`If the scrambled signal has to be transmitted over the
`currently existing video communication channels, it is
`important that horizontal, vertical and color burst por(cid:173)
`tions of the signal be modified as little as possible in
`order for the line equipment and for monitoring equip-
`ment to function. The majority of the line processing
`equipment requires the horizontal sync and blanking
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`According to the present invention, scrambling and 55
`descrambling are accomplished by digital signal pro(cid:173)
`cessing, which not only permits the encoding, decod(cid:173)
`ing, encrypting and imbedding of security "keys", but it
`also provides a medium for computer control. System
`security can, therefore, be hardware and software 60
`based. Individual descramblers in a given system can be
`selectively enabled from a central control point without
`physical access to the descrambling hardware. The
`scrambler is used to disallow general public usage of the
`television signals along with the associated audio and 65
`data channels. It does not disallow the reception of
`signals, but instead makes the resultant display on the
`television receiver totally unintelligible and audio and
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1069
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 29
`
`

`

`4,742,544
`
`25
`
`3
`period for D.C. stabilization of the waveforms (clamp(cid:173)
`ing). Thus, methods using sync suppression or substan(cid:173)
`tial narrowing of horizontal sync, will degrade the sig(cid:173)
`nal quality by introducing line tilt or image smearing.
`Non-linearity
`Any form of transmission will exhibit some level of
`non-linearity in both amplitude and phase. Thus, meth(cid:173)
`ods which rely on manipulation of these parameters to
`achieve scrambling, are susceptible to these errors. One
`example of this method is video inversion, where the 10
`polarity of the video signal is randomly inverted to
`mask the content of the picture presentation.
`Let it be assumed that the transmission link has an
`amplitude non-linearity error to cause compression of
`the black portion of the non-inverted video. Now, if an 15
`inverted video is transmitted via this link, the portion of
`video which was originally white becomes compressed
`since it is transmitted inverted. If one randomly alter(cid:173)
`nates between inverted and non-inverted video and
`descrambles to restore the original image, the effect of 20
`the error is doubled because of the additional compres(cid:173)
`sion of the white level. This effect gets even more pro(cid:173)
`nounced if the distortion is at both ends of the grey
`scale, as an example stretching of black and compres-
`sion of white, resulting in flicker at the rate that the
`video inversion occurs.
`Finite Bandwidth
`In the above description it has been shown that digital
`processing offers the ability to manipulate events with 30
`respect to time. If care is not taken in selecting an appro(cid:173)
`priate scrambling algorithm, the possibility exists that
`the frequency spectrum of the original video signal will
`be expanded
`To illustrate this, consider a linear ramp video signal 35
`where the ramp starts at blanking level (or 0 IRE units),
`increases to 100 IRE units and then falls back to blank(cid:173)
`ing at the end of the line. It is also assumed that the
`signal fits within a predetermined spectrum (e.g. 4.2
`MHz). Select a scrambling method which consists of 40
`cutting a video line into two halves and changing the
`order of the halves. One now has, rather than a ramp, a
`sawtooth with the first segment starting at 50 IRE units.
`The important parameter to note here is that the first
`and the last transitions of the segment-interchanged 45
`signal were previously butted against each other, but
`are now at the opposite ends of the line and the transi(cid:173)
`tions to and from blanking level are almost infinite. Due
`to the fact that these transitions have zero rise time, the
`required spectrum to transmit this signal has theoreti- 50
`cally also increased to infinity.
`If such a signal is transmitted via a limited spectrum
`link, the edges will become sloped and will ring. The
`reconstruction process required to achieve descram(cid:173)
`bling will no longer be perfect and therefore visible. 55
`Methods exist to reduce this effect, but the error will
`always be some function of the spectrum bandwidth.
`From the above example one can see that, although
`digital signal processing offers the ability to manipulate
`time to achieve scrambling, it also places constraints