17”‘DAsc
`The AIAA/IEEE/SAE
`
`Digital Avionics Systems
`Conference
`
`Bellevue, WA
`Oct. 31 — Nov. 7, 1998
`
`Proceedings
`
`Volume II
`
`i
`
`VWGoA — Ex. 1004
`(cid:57)(cid:58)(cid:42)(cid:82)(cid:36)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:23)(cid:3)
`(cid:57)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)
`Volkswagen Group of America, Inc. — Petitioner
`1
`1
`
`

`
`. write to [BEE
`peraiions Center. 445 11095 Lane. PO Box 1331.
`133]. All rights reserved. Cop}/1'i\£_{I1t
`(E3 1998 by the
`Electronics Elnginee-rs. Inr.
`
`.1:.-nan1-I-.1'}\-'I-\'I-' I
`-1_|
`
`9'99-"‘-‘55 P’°d'-‘W0-'* 35'?
`JSOGEN rmernatnonal Corp.
`2750 N Academy Blvd. Suile 301
`C°'°""‘°'° 3””“9S- 9030917
`?19 572-1706
`5gm£@_:_.5Dgen_cOm
`
`Prmfed in USA by:
`
`2833 N. Franklin Road
`-
`mdlanapofra IN 80917
`
`2
`
`

`
`17"‘ DASC
`
`Presentations
`
`Track F - Air Traffic Mgmt Systems
`Sussitin Fl: Air 'I'ra1'i'ii: Mariugenienl
`I-J.3_»;i_ G;_..-iii._i,-.-,ii._.,. ATI\1
`Verf<'j»1i 1-‘aitli Tl'i'-l]'..-‘-."!f..ll\-' Pr-."-‘ill-gtiii.-i
`ii.-i
`Ail\i'.'_'iiii'.'i'_‘-t".
`iii Flii'_i_Ii‘i Dar.-l A|..l'i_lJ|‘;.|1|-‘III r.'ll'it1 t-1.-qiiciizii-.liir_ii.i_ S'.;S1'{.:[|]E
`
`(ll-xii Piilili~.tii==i_-_1;.
`CNSJATM Aii-crali Ciisti;-ziii;-'.=iti:iii Tf]T‘i1'(
`USAF initiatives l'oi' GliJl'.i.?il Ali‘ Ti‘.-1.?fir_ l=t;iiiai~.(_-iiiigi--,i al|[_'1 NC-,i_«..-_i_,_-,[,._-M 5;,-43”.
`
`A Sinipliliecl At-:i'i'iiiaLitir.:.ai T~.'—;-!r:=.t:-::iiiiii'iiiii=t:;—irio:is; Netwt_'.ii'l< {ATN} Avi-:'.inii:s,
`R-’Ji.ilE'r
`Avii)iiics Arcliitet.tii:'t' For Air Force l-tcitziiiity Cciii'ii'iiai'ii:1 Aircraft "To lvleet
`Ciismtrii Antl GATM Re-i.]Liii'i:iiieri:s.
`tor the L.al-ic.-i'atoi'y Di=veii;-piiieiit E-i‘
`A Pseiitlii Rd|'ll|_|
`r~"laiiac_:ei- Wrziricstatioii
`Airline ATC C.011iEi1Jl_)|"i3'|.|\"I'_‘ Arrival
`pl-ci|"lll||']*.‘___] Trials
`
`‘
`
`'. £\ri!':ii"iii\_i W.‘-ii'i'-‘Ar.
`'. T-'.~|l'i M=‘.Daii1l-_-
`'. At'r-.i ilrl CIic.'=i'i~.'i
`
`'. l..'.-.=r.". La Ftirrie
`
`. T. Sio_ni:ii'e
`
`. DtJ|'lil|f_'l H.-T-lfillel
`
`‘. Siisazi DCii'sky
`
`Session F2: Surface Movement 1: Display & Datalink
`Airy;-cirl; Siirlacr-3 l\‘l:.ivei'neiit T-Ei(Il'll'iL'J'IOf;1lC-."‘:-
`- Atlanta D»:-:mt'iiisti'.-itiori O\i"t'-_'F\.-'|E_3".-’i«'
`
`Descimtion ancl Flight Test of a Roilciiit and Turiir.il'l' {ROTO} Head-Uii Display
`{HUD} Giiiclaiice Systern
`Fieltl Evaluation Of T-NASA: Tax: l".lavigalicii'i And Sitiiatinii Awarei'ii3s~_;
`System
`Airport Surface Diieraticins Data Link Commiiriirzatioiis and DGPS
`Controller Pilot Data Link Statistics froiii NASAS 199? Atianta Fiight Test
`
`1 2
`
`Session F3: Surface Movement 2: Surveillance
`1
`Runway Iiii:ursion Rerliicticin Prograin (RlRP‘_.~ Surveillance Systerr - NASA
`FAA Atlanta Deirionstration
`
`Development of Airport Stirface Surveillaritze Performance Reciuii'ei'iier'its
`
`Analysis of ADS-B, ASDE—3 and Miiltilateratioii Siirveillarice Perfcirrnance
`NASA Atlanta Demonstration
`
`. Deiirsi? R.
`
`Ji'.2iie'.=S
`
`'1 Ricliard Hiiesrtzlieii
`
`v
`
`.A.-'it'nLii‘iy D. Ariclre Pl:.D.
`
`. Steve Koczo
`.Jaiiii3s Rt"-il‘.|<!!‘l
`
`'.
`
`\-"|l1{'.€-_‘l"1 Catiezztitiii
`
`. Rick Cassell
`
`. Carl Evers
`
`'. Dan Hicok
`
`. Steven Yourig
`
`. Wayne H. Bryant
`
`Dr. Michael Geyer
`Prof. Cliin Lin
`
`Mr. Juan Besada Pcirizas
`
`Mr. Alex Smith
`
`Mr. Vern Edwards
`
`Robert Strain
`
`Application oi ADS—B for Airport Surface Siirveillaiice
`Comparison of A-SMGCS Requirements with Otiservetl Perforrnarice of an
`Integrated Airport CNS System
`What's Next for LVLASO: Status of Plans for a Year .7.L}t)L'i Flight Test antl
`Deinonsti'atioi'i {Not Pulilished}
`Session F4: Communication, Navigation, Surveillance
`Bancroft's Algoritlirn for Solving Passive Mtiltilateration Equations
`An Integral Flight Director and Surveillance System for H€||CO|'JT.l':‘l“3
`Metropolitan Service
`Data Processing Methods For Autonornous On Boarci Suryeilléiiice And
`Collision Avoiclance
`
`in
`
`Irnplenientation of a Low—Cost SSRJADS-B Aircraft Receiver Decoder
`
`Loop Technology (LOT) as an Alternative Surface Surveillance System
`
`Broadcast Data Link Range Performance as a Function of Aircraft Size
`Experimental Results (Not Published)
`
`6
`
`1 2 3 4 5 6
`
`Session F5: CNS/ATM Human Factors
`1
`How Data Link Cori-irnunicatioii Might Affect Controller Workloacl in a
`Terminal Option
`Sirriulation Study of Vocoder Communication in Air Traffic Control
`Survey of Iri—Flight Replanning Performed on the Flight Deck
`Introducing New Technology to the Air Traffic Controller: Implications for
`Skill Acquisition and Training
`Human Factors Issues in a Future Air Traffic Mafiageiltefil 5Y5t€‘”‘
`
`Man—ln-The-Loop Part Of A Study Looking At A Free Flight COMEDY
`
`Dr. 0. Veroriika Prinzo PhD
`
`Dr. Earl S. Stein
`Mr. James K. Kuchar
`Mr. Alfred L. Smith Jr.
`
`Mr. Philip J. Smith
`Jacco l-loekstra
`
`3
`
`

`
`17"‘ DASC
`
`Presentations
`
`_
`‘_
`J“t‘eDF' R‘ w'”5t°“
`M"
`M" J‘J'“'“"~‘ M- Hansen.
`W" mm‘ L" T"'D[5i-i
`M" Mme 0'M95F=’=
`I
`_
`Mr. PEiLtit_k Poiega
`Mr_ Donald B. Lee
`(NW W Greg Henrikson
`Mr" St‘°""e“ W- RN55?-FT
`
`N t
`
`k
`
`4 5
`
`Track G Aircraft Systems
`_
`-
`-
`'
`[Entertainment
`sESTSlonTfial|.illlt:§"|:lE:2I Management (TIM) ‘N0’ P”b"5"ed)
`Availability ReliabilifY. and Maintainabilitv Predlfiilo” MOLE‘
`Realiili in Certification of IFE and TeleD'i0”9 Eq"‘Dme”[
`A New Anhroach to Data Communications Utilizing the NW“ ’°‘”‘er'm"
`_
`i
`is stem {Not Published]
`_
`_
`;::|f:V:iiald Iyciiplementations of Intra-Aircraft Infrared Data COi"ill‘l1Unlt’_Fii.lUll{-1
`Ine_;r|g;t5Entena,nmeni - Getftrig From Wishlist To Reality
`High Speed Networking or Miiiiimeclia Data for Passenger Entertainment
`P biishedl
`P:ci<et~based Networks
`Session G2: Aircraft 8: Satellite Avionics
`1
`Airborne Reception of Data and Direct Broadcast TV using a Pllflfied AF!‘-Eiv
`Antenna (Not Published)
`2
`Guidance Characteristics of GNSS Landing Systems
`3 Managing Aircraft Ainiiorthiness Through Information Technology [Not
`Published}
`Pro Line 21 Advanced Avionics System Architecture
`Techniques for Improved Reception of 1090 MHz ADS—B Signals
`Enhanced Ground Proximity warning System {Not Published)
`5
`Session G3: Commercial-Off-The-Shelf 8: Open Systems
`1
`COTS Based Open Systems for Military Avionics
`2
`Reducing Avionics Software Cost Through Component Based Product Line
`Development
`3
`introduction to the Electronic Power Specification Standardization Activity
`4
`UP?“ Slistern Design for CNI Avionics
`5
`Tht-‘_ADDiiCatIDn of Commercial Processing Technologies to the Airborne Military Mr. Hugh 5. Perrv
`Environment
`5
`Telecom Technologies (Not Published}
`Session G4: Unmanned Airborne Vehicles
`Graham Gvattt
`Red‘-'"d"5“t COWP‘ Svstems for UAV's
`(Not Published)
`Flight TESWIQ Perseus—B (Not Pubiishedl
`Mr. Torn Clancy
`H, hH_ t
`.
`ig
`es in
`to Soar) (Magi: Sufi-E‘gh:d‘?”t°“°m0US. Unmanned Aircraft {Or Global Hawk Begins Robert Ettinger
`Flight Testing Darkstar (Not Published)
`
`Mr. David C. Vacanti
`Di‘. Alex Stratton
`Mr. William E. Larsen
`
`Mr. Timothy Rayl
`Mr. William Harman
`Mr. Barry C. Breen
`
`Mr. John Paul
`
`Mr. David Sharp
`
`Mr. Sergio Navarro
`
`Dr. George Mits-Chang
`
`Brian Graber
`
`Mr. John Straut)
`
`X-36 Tailless Agility Ai
`X_3a Av-[on
`S
`_
`its ystem mot Published)
`
`.
`
`I
`
`_
`
`W'“ar_d J Hams
`Mr. BIH Harris
`Christopher Nagir
`
`Rapid Development of avionic system
`_
`5
`Space-Based Wind 59,-.
`-
`_
`‘
`sin L
`Humfunwonar
`:9
`Idarnesign (Not Published)
`Electronics, sir
`Celflt For Spacecraft
`Design In
`C°”tr0l
`(Not Published)
`
`xiii
`
`Mr. Peter Lemme
`Mr. Richard H. Paint.‘
`
`'
`
`Joe Cecchinl
`
`Randy Black
`Dr. Daniel Novoseller
`Mr_ Dave Barnett
`
`4
`
`

`
` 1r"pAsc
`
`Presentations
`
`Track H - Spacecraft Systems (Continued)
`Session H2: Space Exploration
`Deep Space One Integration and Test Challenges: Getting to the Launch Pad Ms. Paula J. Pingree
`in the Faster, Better, Cheaper World
`The Mars Microprobe Mission Advanced Mzcro-Avionics for Exploration of the Mr Randel Blue
`Martian Surface (Not Published)
`From the Sun to Piuto
`
`Ms. Karla 3. Clark
`Mr. Robert L. Bunker
`
`Mr. Charles E. Bel:
`
`1 2 3 4 5
`
`NASAIJPL Mars Surveyor Program: New Challenges in a New Era
`(NotPubhshed)
`interferometer Real Time Control for the Space Iriterferoirietry Mission
`(Not Ptiblishedj
`Session H3: Microelectronics for Space
`Ultra Low Power Rad Hard 12 Bit A/D Converter for Space-Based ED Sensors Sven Nvstrom
`
`1 2 3 4 5
`
`Integrating PWA Design and Analysis Using a Unix—Based Durability Toolset
`(NotPubhShed}
`Amecom Direct Chip Attach Project
`
`Mr. Mostafa Rassaian
`
`Tracey Clay
`
`Digital Control of the MIDEX Spacecraft Power System (Not Published)
`Issues To Address In Use of Composite Materials for Electronic Packaging
`
`Ms. Karen Castell
`Mr. Gary Trempley
`
`Session H4: Space System Elements
`X2000: Avionics for A Multi—Mission Spacecraft
`
`
`
`
`
`O‘JU"I-l"-‘-{.aJl\J—|
`
`Applications For A Spacecraft Avionics Functional Model
`A TatiIe—Driven Control Method To Meet Continuous, Near—Real-Time
`Observation Requirements For The Solar X—Ray lmager
`The TRWIS III Hyperspectral Irnager: Instrument Performance and Remote
`Sensing Applications
`Fault Protection Design of the Quil-cscat and Seawincls Instruments
`Development of a Low Cost Data Acquisition System for the Space Shuttle
`Solid Rocket Booster Program
`
`Mr. Savio Chau
`
`Mr. Joseph F. Smith
`Mr. Kevin Shawn Wallace
`
`Dr. Stephanie Sandor—Leahy
`
`Mr. Matthew 8. Bennett
`Mr. Kevin Crawford
`
`
`
`
`
`"*-JO‘)U"!-$3C.IJ|\}-*
`
`Track I — Automotive Systems
`Session 11: Ground Vehicle Electronics
`Mr. Gregory McHugh
`Software Process Improvement in an Automotive Electronics Organization
`Dr. Peter Hofrnann
`Automotive System Design: Today and Tomorrow
`Specification and Testing of Automotive Powertrain Control System Software Mr. Steve Toeplie
`Using CACSD Tools
`Active Control of Vehicle Dynamics
`The Next Generation Automotive Electrical Power System Architecture:
`Issues and Challenges.
`Automotive & Aerospace Cn-cult Fault Analysis
`Requirements For A Real—Time Local Area Network Architecture In Land
`Combat Vehicles
`Session I2: Intelligent Transportation System (1)-
`Vehicle Electronics
`The Network Vehicle — A Glimpse into the Future of Mobile l‘~‘lulti—Meclia
`
`W1 Mike F0d0|'
`Dr. John P. Miller PE, PhD
`_
`Mr. Cralg Siege‘
`Mr. Paul Richardson
`
`Htlan-Wuri Yen
`
`A Demonstration Project for the ITS Data Bus Prototype
`Signal Processing and Waveform Generation in the Side Zone Automotive
`Radar
`Dr. Edward Jocoy
`Adapting Radar and Tracking Technology to an On-Board Automotive
`_
`_
`Collision Warning System
`_
`Use of Map Data Information in an On—boarcl Intersection Violation Detection Mt 30910 PIEFOWICZ
`System
`SWIR Project Results
`
`Mr. Philip Sllelt Ph-D.
`Mr. John C. Reed
`
`Mr‘ I-a”‘V 56”"
`
`O')U‘|-F‘hQJ|\)
`
`5
`
`
`xw
`
`

`
`17"‘ DASC
`
`Presentations
`
`Track I - Automotive Systems (Continued)
`session 13: Intelligent Transportation System (2) -
`Info Management
`
`The ln—Vehicle Information System Develol3I““—"" Ce‘''t'°—‘r 5” ORNL 33*” 1”"
`Vehicle Information System for ITS Information l'-lai1aQi'=‘mt"I‘1
`Decision Making for Road Departure Warning Systems
`(Not Piitilishecll
`i-iumaii Factors in Intelligent Traiisportatiori 5
`ystems in the Vehicle
`Environment {Not Published)
`Reconfigurable Field Research Vehicle For Human Factors Exoerinierire
`The Carnegie Mellon Trucksim, The Advanced Human Factors Research and Mr.
`Driver Training Research Facility
`The Drovvsev Driver R
`eport from Carriiege Mellon
`Mr. Riciiarn G,-ace
`Determining and Controlling Emergent Behavior in Intelligent Transportation
`7
`Mr. Jaine.-5 L. Overlioli
`Session I4: Hybrid Vehicles
`Energy Power
`
`MT. F"r1i|rii Spelt Pii,o_
`
`DI". Tlioinas plILi[[|
`MI’. GF:li(:' Farber
`
`Mr‘. William l‘-lorchin
`MI’. Henry Oman
`MI". Henry Oman
`
`Mr. Tim Greiive
`Ilva Kcilnianovskv
`
`Mr. Jeff Armfiefd
`Mr. Herman L. N. Wiegman
`
`Mr. Brian Reynolds
`
`Mr. Sv Levine
`
`6
`
`Systems
`
`1
`2
`3
`
`4 5
`
`5
`
`

`
`System Design Track - Air Traffic Management Systems
`The ATM track is designed to cover recent developments in technologies
`and procedures for new air traffic inanagenicnt systems as we move into the
`21st Century. The 5 sessions are designed to cover ATC provider plans for
`research. development. and the introduction of new tools and systems to
`improve aircraft safety and efficiency in the current ATC system and in it
`free flight environment.
`
`Track Chair: Alex Smith, Rannoch Corp
`
`Track F - Air Traffic Management Systems
`Session F1: Air Traffic Management
`Chairs: Steve Hill, Hanscomb AFB; Vu Dtiorig. Eurocotitrol Experimental
`Center
`
`1
`
`Vertical Path Trajectory Prediction for Next Generation ATM
`Advances in Flight Data Acquisition and Management Systems
`CNSIATM Aircraft Customization Task (Not Published)
`
`. Anthony warren
`. Tom McDade
`. Arnold Cildach
`
`USAF Initiatives for Global Air Traffic Management and Navigation Safetv
`
`. Leo La Forge
`
`A Simplified Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) Avionics
`Router
`
`. T. Signore
`
`Avionics Architecture For Air Force Mobility Commanci Aircraft To Meet
`Cns/Atm And GATM Requirements
`A Pseudo Ramp Manager Workstation for the Laboratory Development of
`AirIine—ATC Collaborative Arrival Planning Tools
`
`. Donald Happei
`
`. Susan Dorskv
`
`Session F2: Surface Movement 1: Display &
`Datalirtk
`Chair: Denise Jones. NASA Lan le Research Center
`3 5’
`]
`Airport Surface Movement Technologies - Atlanta Demonstration Overview
`
`. Denise R. Jones
`
`. Richard Hueschen
`
`. Anthony D. Andre Ph.D.
`
`. Steve Koczo
`
`Description and Flight Test of a Rollout and Turnoff (ROTO) Heacl—Up Display
`(HUD) Guidance Svstem
`Field Evaluation Of T~NASA: Taxi Navigation And Situation Awareness
`System
`Airport Surface Operations Data Link Communications and DGPS
`
`2 3 4
`
`5
`
`Controller-Pilot Data Link Statistics from NASA‘s 1997 Atlanta Flight Test
`
`. James Rankin
`
`Track F - Air Traffic Management Systems
`
`7
`
`

`
`
`
` Session F3: Surface Movement 2: Surveillance
`
`‘_:r.-_.-.: _\_«.z.
`
`...'.
`
`C"'...:':.
`
`Se"-:u's.:':-rcr
`
`:._
`
`-
`
`.
`
`-
`
`Session F4: Communication, Navigation,
`Surveillance
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`:'_":.L-:s. F“ i‘=nc:a.ie:r.-7.:
`I
`
`-r '4
`
`;-‘c.-; Casseii. Rannoch Corp.
`‘ ”_f 'a'='='-' E:_at ' "
`
`
`
`I
`
`
`
`8
`
`

`
` T
`
`THE NETWORK VEHICLE — A GLIMPSE INTO THE FUTURE or
`MOBILE MULTI-MEDIA
`
`R. Lina’, R. S(‘fl'ttmtt{'tlIt’!'. R. Regen R. Olner. H. Yen and M. L{t££.*‘
`
`0"’.-'7}“‘ D€’i€T»‘
`
`Elr:‘('!t'rtttit'.r .S".‘.t‘!ents. Kukomo Irirfirrrtrr
`
`R. Freeinnrt
`
`IBM (‘m-prirnrirm. White Plains. Nev.‘ l’r:rk
`
`ABSTRACT"
`
`the Delphi
`The Network Vehicle is
`the future
`Automotive Systems" vision for
`convergence of computers. the communications
`infrastructure. and the automobile.
`It features
`many advanced functions
`such as:
`satellite
`video.
`Internet
`access.
`virtual
`navigation,
`remote vehicle diagnostics and control. games.
`mobile office.
`automotive web
`site.
`and
`customized real-time stock quotes and sports
`scores.
`These features are enabled by an
`integrated planar antenna that
`is capable of
`multiple
`satellite
`reception.
`a client-server
`network
`architecture.
`and
`unique
`hurnan-
`vehicle-interfaces such as color reconfigurable
`head up and head down displays.
`steering
`wheel
`controls.
`voice
`recognition.
`text-to-
`speech. and large touch screen active matrix
`liquid crystal displays (LCD's]. The software
`applications
`are written
`in
`Java.
`using
`Application Programming Interfaces t'APl's) to
`reduce the complexity and cost of the source
`code.
`
`entertainment
`
`to millions of commuters who
`
`spend hours each day cruising the roads or
`stuck in traffic.
`It
`is designed to demonstrate
`what technologies and software can do for the
`vehicle of the future. The Network Vehicle.
`
`at
`its debut
`1. made
`in Figure
`pictured
`COMDEX '9? and has since been all over the
`world appearing in demos. conferences. and
`technology shows.
`including SAE Congress
`'98. and CeBit '98.
`
`
`
`Figure 1. The Network Vehicle
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`a
`
`new
`Vehicle.
`Network
`The
`Delco
`by
`initiative
`technology
`Delphi
`Electronics Systems and its partners (IBM.
`Neiscape
`Communications,
`and
`Still
`Mi°"°5Y5l8mS)
`is
`aimed at offering m0I‘6
`Productivity tools. convenience.
`safety. and
`03803-5086-3 !98i'$l0.00 ©1998 [EEE
`
`SYSTEM OVERVIEW
`The Network Vehicle is created by
`integrating existing hardware and software
`technologies
`including
`voice
`1‘6C08"1U0“s
`wireless communications, global positioning
`.
`-
`.
`--
`.\
`via
`satellite.
`head~up
`dtsp13}’5«
`Java“
`technology. microprocessors. Web access. and
`I2i—l
`
`9
`
`

`
`
`
`
`
`other
`lnternetfintranet
`features.
`The voice
`recognition technology allows drivers
`and
`passengers to verbally request and listen to e-
`mail messages. locate :1 restaurant or hotel. ask
`for navigation help or
`for specific music of
`sports scores. and use voice-activated telephone
`services. all done safely without
`intertering
`with driving. Drivers can use a head-up displfl)’
`projected through the windshield to navigate to
`their destination or check vehicle functions
`
`without taking their eyes off the road.
`
`terminals
`Passengers using individual
`next to their seats can do even more, including
`interacting with
`the
`Internet. watching
`television or playing games. Existing services
`such
`as
`theft
`deterrent
`technologies
`and
`emergency services could also be integrated.
`These "smart"
`features are enabled mainly
`because
`of
`the
`real-time
`data-streaming
`capabilities over a wireless network‘ using Java-
`based technology. The Network Vehicle also
`has an integrated cellular phone, Netscape
`Communicator software for Web browsing and
`e-mail, a removable personal digital assistant
`{PDA) and docking station. There is also a
`vehicle web site that provides driver support for
`a wide array of customized capabilities such as
`enabling remote monitoring and control of
`vehicle systems in emergency situations.
`
`Onboard And Off-Board Communications
`Networks
`
`The key to the functions of the Network
`Vehicle is its ability to communicate efficiently
`both onboard and off-board of the vehicle.
`Figure
`2
`depicts
`the
`onboard
`network
`architecture of the vehicle.
`
`At the heart of the onboard system is a
`network computer that
`links up a number of
`sub-networks.
`including a Class II bus (for
`engine, head-up and head-down displays, door
`lock and door actuator, RFID, and cell phone.
`etc.), an Ethernet {for passenger computers and
`displays),
`and a mobile media
`link (for
`speakers
`and CD players).
`Since
`the
`subnetworks all have different clock speed and
`
`l l
`
`‘:1
`
`.l' EIl>J})_ii mifll
`lmpllnomspnnmg
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`Figure 2. Onboard Network Architecture
`
`shown in
`The off-board network is
`Figure 3. The high bandwidth requirements for
`on-demand audio and video functions
`are
`fulfilled with DirecPC and DirecTV satellite
`broadcasts. A wireless modem provides the
`uplink out of the vehicle directly to lntemet
`service providers. The downlink return path
`from the Internet to the Network Vehicle can
`come through either the satellite (400 kbps}. or
`through the wireless modern.
`The downlink
`satellite video and data signals are collected by
`the Network Vehicle's roof-mounted antenna
`and processed by their respective receivers.
`
`Figure 3. Off-Board Network Architecture
`Galaxy-I.|'
`GE‘
`
`
`
`In order to take full advantages Bl The
`resources and services available to the drivers
`
`the vehicle must have rolJUSl
`and passengers.
`external communications paths.
`It
`is
`alsfl
`vitally important that the vehicle configuration
`includes a firewall to ensure the integrillf ‘ll the
`
`0-7803-5086-3 ;’98l$l 0.00 ©1993 IEEE
`
`121-2
`
`10
`10
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`l"unctionalit_v. gateways are used to translatg the
`messages front one sub-network to anmherm
`as to ensure harmonious operations,
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`vehicle operation. This means that regardlesg
`at‘ what happens to the multimedia Elppiicalinng
`mm are running in the vehicle. the powertrain
`system control,
`the chassis control. brakes,
`airbags.
`and other critical
`functions must
`maintain
`their
`integrity.
`In
`the Network
`Vehicle. this isolation is implemented through
`multiple gateways as shown in Figure 2.
`
`KEY TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEM
`COMPONENTS
`
`system
`and
`technologies
`key
`The
`components behind the Network Vehicle are
`advanced speech recognition software. mobile
`media link (high-speed fiber optic data bus).
`reconfigurable
`head-up
`display,
`high—
`bandwidth communications that connect
`the
`vehicle with the outside world. and a suite of
`automotive computer software. These elements
`aredescribed below.
`
`Speech Recognition and Tex:-to-Speech
`System
`
`IBM has modified its advanced speech
`
`system.
`text-to—speech
`and
`recognition
`Viavoicem. for the automotive environment.
`Viavoice allows the driver to access virtually
`all
`the
`vehicle's
`features
`through
`voice
`commands and enables the vehicle to talk back
`using synthesized speech.
`For example.
`the
`driver can: execute vehicle system commands
`such as lock doors, play CD, and change radio
`station.
`request
`travel directions and traffic
`updates from the Web or other sources, check
`e-mail and voicemail. request news. sports. and
`stock information.
`The speech recognition
`System can understand most drivers instantly,
`with no system training required, and it has
`been tuned to offer optimal performance even
`in a potentially noisy vehicle environment.
`
`Driver and Center Console Displays
`The Network Vehicle is equipped with
`lhree displays for the driver:
`the head-down
`
`the head~up display {HUD},
`display (HDD).
`and the center console display.
`
`standard
`The HDD system displays
`graphics for an instrument panel: road speed.
`engine speed. engine status. door lockfajar, and
`fuel level.
`It also displays the functions for the
`steering wheel buttons since these functions
`vary with the entertainment mode that
`is
`selected. The HUD projects a virtual
`image
`through the windshield that gives information
`to drivers without requiring them to take their
`eyes off the road.
`It displays road speed.
`engine
`status, waiting
`e-mail
`indication.
`navigation information, microphone onfoff. and
`a text message area for giving feedback to the
`driver.
`
`The center console's touch-screen LCD
`
`serves as a user interface for controlling nearly
`all of
`the Network Vehicle's multimedia
`
`(office, navigation. entertainment.
`functions.
`and information). When in entertainment
`mode, the display is configured as a radio- or
`CD-style faceplate whose buttons and controls
`are activated by touch {see Figure 4).
`It
`is
`reconfigured to display e-rnail, navigation
`maps, Web browser. cellular phone faceplate
`(shown in Figure 5).
`and more.
`Voice-
`activated commands can be used with all of the
`center console functions and. in some cases, is
`
`
`
`text-to-speech
`combined with
`minimize driver distraction.
`
`input
`
`to
`
`Figure 4. Audio on Demand Faceplate
`
`.R1‘-
`
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`
`03803-5086-3 !'93!'$10.00 ©1998 IEEE
`
`I21-3
`
`
`
`11
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`
`
`
`[cnnmm
`a onc—dimensiona]
`oi.
`.»c,\£lFll,*+lt)l]\‘
`cross-section] geomctr_v. This has the effects?
`replacing a conventional "N_rN:N3“ elemflm
`structure {of discrete radiators. couplers, EICJ
`with
`a
`less
`complex
`“monolithic"
`anal.
`comprised of ".r‘V"'
`integrated ctiuplerfradiauir
`features. The simple “tec" cross-section ofihg
`integrated CTS
`couplerlradiator
`forms
`an
`inherently
`low—"Q"
`(non-resonant)
`elgmm
`which
`exhibits
`significant
`advantages
`[3,-
`compared to slot or patch radiators} in lcnns oi
`widc—-angle
`scanning capability.
`polarization
`purity.
`bandwidth.
`and
`dimensional
`insensitivity.
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`Figure 5. Cellular Phone Faceplate Display
`
`Passenger Displays
`The Network Vehicle has color LCD
`
`touch panels for the back-seat and front-seat
`passengers. As with the center console display.
`the passenger displays serve. as user interfaces
`for controlling nearly all of the functions on the
`Network Vehicle. Unlike the center console
`display. however.
`the passenger displays can
`show video from DirecTV or DVD players, and
`they allow touch-screen access to all functions.
`
`Planar Satellite Arrtenna
`
`The antenna technology used in the
`Network Vehicle is the Continuous Transverse
`Stub (CTS) array.
`It
`is chosen because of its
`simplicity. planar construction. and potential
`for being an inexpensive product.
`Figure 6
`shows the cross sectional view of a typical CTS
`antenna.
`realized
`as
`an
`array of broad
`continuous transverse radiating stubs, finite in
`height. extending from the upper conductive
`plate of an open parallel-plate transmission-line
`structure.
`
`the induced
`As a receiving antenna.
`longitudinal current components in the parallel
`plate structure are interrupted by the transverse-
`oriented stubs and excite propagating waves in
`the
`parallel-plate
`structure.
`This
`simple
`architecture
`allows
`for
`a
`complex
`two-
`dimensional planar array to be realized as an
`0-7803-5086-3 .f98;’$l0.00 ©1998 EEEE
`
`Parallel-Plate Region
`
`Figure 6. CT S Antenna Cross Section
`
`Customer Applieatirirt Web Site
`
`the
`passengers of
`and
`The driver
`Network Vehicle can take advantage of internal
`services provided by autornotive—oriented ISP.»
`(Internet Service Providers}.
`The customer
`service site developed for the Network Vehicle
`showcases the types of features that could he
`offered when intelligent vehicle systems are
`connected to the Internet.
`
`Because the Network Vehicle's systems
`are accessible via its command and control
`
`application. which also has secure access to tilt
`Internet. many
`scenarios
`are
`possible.
`Functions like parking lights and door locks on
`the Network Vehicle
`can
`be
`controllfll
`remotely, providing safety and convenience.
`An example of such a web page is shown In
`Figure 7.
`
`121-4
`
`v
`
`12
`
`

`
`
`
`Figure 7. Monitor and Control of Vehicle
`Status via Internet
`
`Under voice control of the driver.
`
`the
`
`Network Vehicle can upload vehicle status
`according to a profile set up in advance. An
`application monitors the diagnostic information
`iivailabie
`from components
`in
`the
`engine
`compartment. Should the diagnostics indicate
`that the latest reading from engine sensors falls
`outside a normal
`range,
`the application can
`notify the customer service Web site. where the
`severity of
`the reading can be determined.
`According to this determination, the control on
`the Network Vehicle could be used by the
`service representative to alert
`the driver;
`the
`alert could be done using text-to-speech and
`head-up display,
`and then features of
`the
`application, e—mail, and office could be used to
`arrange
`a
`service
`appointment. Figure
`8
`illustrates
`the
`sensor data that
`are being
`
`monitored through the vehicle web site.
`
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`Figllre 8. Remote Monitoring of Vehicle
`Gauges via a Web Site
`
`
`
`take
`demonstrated
`features
`Other
`"d"3’“3i‘%‘3 Of Internet service providers‘ ability
`lo-communicate with the Network Vehicle.
`T”P_ Plans created by vehicle owners or
`Concierge services can be stored at the Internet
`5e"‘:"‘_-"3 ‘ Provider.
`By
`accessing
`global
`positioning satellite {GPS} data directly from
`the vehicle.
`the driver and passengers can
`obtain maps. route guidance. fuel. lodging, and
`restaurant information while traveling. Owners
`of the Network Vehicle can also use their Web
`
`including
`profile.
`a
`up
`set
`to
`browser
`like radio stations. personalized
`preferences
`audio content. service records. and emergency
`service numbers.
`
`Personal Digilaf Assistant Docking
`
`the Network
`role of
`An important
`Vehicle is providing office functions to mobile
`users. using the same data the users have in
`their office desktop computers. This function
`is
`mainly
`provided
`through
`vehicle
`applications,
`Internet
`connectivity.
`and
`advanced, voice—based user interfaces.
`It
`is
`
`important for the Network Vehicle to access
`and synchronize personal and business data
`with PDAs, which is becoming increasingly
`important in our mobile. connected world.
`
`A siot built into the center console of
`the Network Vehicle
`accepts
`the
`IBM
`WorkPad“" and uses the Network Vehicle‘s
`computer to add speech recognition and text-to-
`speech functions. This enables the driver to
`listen to schedules and to update files and other
`office data stored in the WorkPad.
`So the
`driver could,
`for example,
`issue
`a voice
`command to read calendar entries from the
`WorkPad or dictate a to-do list while driving.
`As PDA and smart card technology advances,
`the Network Vehicle's PDA integration could
`support
`the use of PDA-type devices for the
`secure
`transport
`and
`access of personal.
`financial. and business information as people
`move
`from one network access point
`to
`another.
`
`
`
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`0-7803-5086-3 !98i‘$10.00 ©1998 IEEE
`
`121-5
`
`'
`
`13
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`Virtual machine-based.
`technologies were
`applied to the NetW0!'l~'
`Veliicle's development because they -‘ll-ll-"_l"””
`the special requirements posed by the \"Cl1lt-‘I0.
`Smalltalk.
`a well
`proven
`object-oriented
`environment and the latest Ja\-'a”“ technologies
`were chosen to develop the Network VehiL‘lt3'5
`software.
`
`A command and control application.
`written in Smalltalk and running on
`the
`vehicle's main processor. monitors
`vehicle
`status. controls devices such as cell phone and
`microphone. supplies driver
`information via
`head—up
`dispIa_y_
`manages
`off-vehicle
`inforntation
`flow.
`and
`controls
`vehicle
`
`software. such as the voice recognition and
`various convenience passenger applications.
`This application coordinates with the voice
`recognition. the head-up display. and the touch
`screen to provide feedback and control of the
`various systems, helping to keep the driver's
`eyes on the road. For driver convenience and
`safety.
`this application also interfaces via the
`Internet
`to a customer service provider, who
`can remotely monitor the vehicle status. unlock
`doors. turn on exterior lighting. etc.
`
`Graphical user interfaces for Network
`Vehicle's center console and passenger displays
`are developed with Java to provide access to
`various in-vehicle and ot'f—vehicle applications.
`such as navigation, audiolvideo entertainment.
`and office. An Internet server application was
`developed with VisualAge® for Java to provide
`communication
`between
`Internet-based
`customer applications and the vehicle systems.
`These applications support a message-based
`protocol communicating through the Internet to
`the
`in-vehicle
`command
`and
`control
`application, which in turn interfaces to the
`vehicle
`systems
`and
`the
`user
`interface
`application.
`Java applets were also developed
`for
`the customer
`site in order
`to provide
`animated vehicle status and control graphics.
`
`Media BL-'8 and !n- I/'e}u'cl'e I-It'eerrom'cs
`The Network Vehicle
`crinluim H
`number of audio and video components that am
`configured and controlled via a high-rpm
`(]t)(} Mhps} digital
`liber-optic mobile media
`link (MML). Audio and video devices like CD
`players can send their output signals via the
`multiplexed.
`l"|her—optic bus
`to drive other
`L.()l'['lpDl"tLi‘.l"llS like amplifiers and display;
`I,‘
`control signal
`is also carried on the MML but
`to configure and control the devices - configure
`the components.
`switch signals.
`and adjust
`variables such as volume.
`fade, and balance.
`The MML gives the application full use Ollhq
`vehicle's multimedia
`systems
`to
`develop
`functions and user interfaces tailored to driver
`and passenger use.
`
`Combining a command and control
`application with the MML in the Network
`Vehicle made possible features such as context-
`sensitive volume reduction during the use of
`the phone and the text-to-speech feature.
`It
`also allows "faceplate—stylc" user interface to
`integrate Internet radio with the sound system.
`and common and consistent user interfaces to
`define, review. and play the audio and video
`content preferred by the driver and passengers.
`The vehicle also features a satellite receiver
`
`system. which provides DirecTV and DirecPC
`access. DirecPC oflers high—speed (440 ltbpsl
`Internet data access while DirecTV offers over
`US
`channels
`of
`digital
`entertainment
`programming.
`
`FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OFTHE
`NETWORK VEHICLE
`
`The main features of
`
`the Netwflrli
`
`Vehicle are manifested in the following lltrefi
`areas: (1) Driving Aids. {2} Business Toolsattil
`(3) News and Entertainment.
`The Network
`Vehicle is designed such that. through softwttrf
`upgrades the customer can be provided Will?
`new features and functions as they hecomf
`available.
`
`0-7803-5086-3 !'98I'$l0.00 ©1998 IEEE
`
`I21-6
`
`
`
`14
`
`

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`Tim Network Vehicle can access a simulated
`integrated global