Mobile broadband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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`Mobile broadband
`
`From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`
`
`
`For all wireless Internet access, see Wireless broadband.
`
`Mobile broadband is the marketing term for wireless
` Internet access through a portable modem, mobile
` phone, USB wireless modem, tablet or other mobile
` devices. The first wireless Internet access became
` available in 1991 as part of the second generation (2G)
` of mobile phone technology. Higher speeds became
` available in 2001 and 2006 as part of the third (3G) and
` fourth (4G) generations. In 2011, 90% of the world's
` population lived in areas with 2G coverage, while 45%
` lived in areas with 2G and 3G coverage.[1] Mobile
` broadband uses the spectrum of 225 MHz to 3700
` MHz.[2]
`
`Contents [hide]
`
`1 Description
`2 Generations
`3 Coverage
`4 Subscriptions and usage
`5 Development
`5.1 In use and under active development
`5.1.1 GSM family
`5.1.2 IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
`5.2 In use, but moving to other protocols going
` forward
`5.2.1 CDMA family
`5.2.2 IEEE 802.20
`6 See also
`7 References
`8 External links
`
` A mobile broadband modem in the
` ExpressCard form factor for laptop
` computers
`
`HTC ThunderBolt, the second
` commercially available LTE
` smartphone
`
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`Description [edit]
`Mobile broadband is the marketing term for wireless Internet access delivered through mobile
` phone towers to computers, mobile phones (called "cell phones" in North America and South
` Africa), and other digital devices using portable modems. Although broadband has a technical
`
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`WVR 2012
`Volkswagen v. WVR
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`Mobile broadband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
` meaning, wireless-carrier marketing uses the phrase "mobile broadband" as a synonym for
` mobile Internet access. Some mobile services allow more than one device to be connected to
` the Internet using a single cellular connection using a process called tethering.[3]
`
`The bit rates available with Mobile broadband devices support voice and video as well as other
` data access. Devices that provide mobile broadband to mobile computers include:
`
`PC cards, also known as PC data cards, and Express cards
`USB and mobile broadband modems, also known as connect cards
`portable devices with built-in support for mobile broadband, such as laptop computers,
` netbook computers, smartphones, tablets, PDAs, and other mobile Internet devices.
`
`Internet access subscriptions are usually sold separately from mobile phone subscriptions.
`
`Generations [edit]
`Roughly every ten years new mobile phone technology and infrastructure involving a change in
` the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards-compatible transmission technology,
` higher peak data rates, new frequency bands, wider channel frequency bandwidth in Hertz
` becomes available. These transitions are referred to as generations. The first mobile data
` services became available during the second generation (2G).[4][5][6]
`
`Second generation (2G) from 1991:
`Speeds in kbit/s
`down and up
`• GSM CSD
`9.6 kbit/s
`• CDPD
`up to 19.2 kbit/s
`• GSM GPRS (2.5G)
`56–115 kbit/s
`• GSM EDGE (2.75G) up to 237 kbit/s
`
`Third generation (3G) from 2001:
`Speeds in Mbit/s
`down
`up
`• UMTS W-CDMA
`0.4 Mbit/s
`• UMTS HSPA
`14.4
`5.8
`• UMTS TDD
`16 Mbit/s
`• CDMA2000 1xRTT
`0.3
`0.15
`• CDMA2000 EV-DO
`2.5–4.9 0.15–1.8
`• GSM EDGE-Evolution
`1.6
`0.5
`
`Fourth generation (4G) from 2006:
`up
`Speeds in Mbit/s
`down
`21–672 5.8–168
`37–365
`17–376
`100–300
`50–75
`
`• HSPA+
`• Mobile WiMAX (802.16)
`• LTE
`• LTE-Advanced:
`
`• while moving at high speeds
`
`• while stationary or moving at low speeds
`• MBWA (802.20)
`
`
`100 Mbit/s
`up to 1000 Mbit/s
`80 Mbit/s
`
`The download (to the user) and upload (to the Internet) data rates given above are peak or
` maximum rates and end users will typically experience lower data rates.
`
`WiMAX was originally developed to deliver fixed wireless service with wireless mobility added in
` 2005. CDPD, CDMA2000 EV-DO, and MBWA are no longer being actively developed.
`
`Coverage [edit]
`
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`Mobile broadband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`In 2011, 90% of the world's
` population lived in areas with 2G
` coverage, while 45% lived in
` areas with 2G and 3G coverage,[1]
` and 5% lived in areas with 4G
` coverage. By 2017 more than
` 90% of the world's population is
` expected to have 2G coverage,
` 85% is expected to have 3G
` coverage, and 50% will have 4G
` coverage.[8]
`
`Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012
` as a percentage of a country's population
` Source: International Telecommunications Union.[7]
`
`A barrier to mobile broadband use
` is the coverage provided by the mobile phone networks. This may mean no mobile phone
` service or that service is limited to older and slower mobile broadband technologies. Customers
` will not always be able to achieve the speeds advertised due to mobile data coverage
` limitations including distance to the cell tower. In addition, there are issues with connectivity,
` network capacity, application quality, and mobile network operators' overall inexperience with
` data traffic.[9] Peak speeds experienced by users are also often limited by the capabilities of
` their smartphone or other mobile device.[8]
`
`Subscriptions and usage [edit]
`It is estimated that there were 6.6 billion
` mobile phone subscriptions worldwide at
` the end of 2012 (89% penetration),
` representing roughly 4.4 billion
` subscribers (many people have more than
` one subscription). Growth has been
` around 9% year-on-year.[12] Mobile phone
` subscriptions are expected to reach 9.3
` billion in 2018.[8]
`
`At the end of 2012 there were roughly 1.5
` billion mobile broadband subscriptions
` growing at a 50% year-on-year rate.[12]
` Mobile broadband subscriptions are expected to
` reach 6.5 billion in 2018.[8]
`
`Worldwide broadband subscriptions
`2014a
`2007
`2010
`
`World population[10] 6.6 billion 6.9 billion 7.2 billion
`Fixed broadband
`5%
`8%
`10%
`Developing world
`2%
`4%
`6%
`Developed world
`18%
`24%
`27%
`Mobile broadband
`4%
`11%
`32%
`Developing world
`1%
`4%
`21%
`Developed world
`19%
`43%
`84%
`a Estimate.
` Source: International Telecommunications Union.[11]
`
`Mobile data traffic doubled between the end of
` 2011 (~620 Petabytes in Q4 2011) and the end
` of 2012 (~1280 Petabytes in Q4 2012).[12] This
` traffic growth is and will continue to be driven by
` large increases in the number of mobile
` subscriptions and by increases in the average
` data traffic per subscription due to increases in
` the number of smartphones being sold, the use
`
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`
`Broadband subscriptions by region
` Fixed subscriptions: 2007 2010 2014a
`Africa 0.1% 0.2% 0.4%
`Americas 11% 14% 17%
`Arab States 1% 2% 3%
`Asia and Pacific 3% 6% 8%
`Commonwealth of
`
`
`
` Independent States
` 2%
` 8%
` 14%
`Europe 18% 24% 28%
`a
`
`3
`
`

`
`Mobile broadband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
` of more demanding applications and in
` particular video, and the availability and
` deployment of newer 3G and 4G technologies
` capable of higher data rates. By 2018 total
` mobile broadband traffic is expected to increase
` by a factor of 12 to roughly 13,000 PetaBytes.[8]
`
` Mobile subscriptions: 2007 2010 2014
`Africa 0.2% 2% 19%
`Americas 6% 23% 59%
`Arab States 0.8% 5% 25%
`Asia and Pacific 3% 7% 23%
`Commonwealth of
`
`
`
` Independent States
` 0.2%
` 22%
` 49%
`Europe 15% 29% 64%
`a Estimate.
` Source: International Telecommunications Union.[11]
`
`On average, a mobile PC generates
` approximately seven times more traffic than a
` smartphone (3 GB vs. 450 MB/month). By 2018
` this ratio is likely to fall to 5 times (10 GB vs. 2
` GB/month). Traffic from smartphones that tether (share the data access of one device with
` multiple devices) can be up to 20 times higher than that from non-tethering users and averages
` between 7 and 14 times higher.[8]
`
`Note too that there are large differences in subscriber and traffic patterns between different
` provider networks, regional markets, device and user types.[8]
`
`Demand from emerging markets has and continues to fuel growth in both mobile phone and
` mobile broadband subscriptions and use. Lacking a widespread fixed line infrastructure, many
` emerging markets leapfrog developed markets and use mobile broadband technologies to
` deliver high-speed internet access to the mass market.
`
`Development [edit]
`
`In use and under active development
`
`[edit]
`
`GSM family [edit]
`Further information: List of LTE networks and List of
` HSPA+ networks
`
`In 1995 telecommunication, mobile phone, integrated-
`circuit, and laptop computer manufacturers formed the
` GSM Association to push for built-in support for mobile-
`broadband technology on notebook computers. The
` association established a service mark to identify
` devices that include Internet connectivity.[13] Established
` in early 1998, the global Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) develops the evolving
` GSM family of standards, which includes GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, HSPA, and LTE.[14] In 2011
` these standards were the most used method to deliver mobile broadband.[citation needed] With the
` development of the 4G LTE signalling standard, download speeds could be increased to
` 300 Mbit/s per second within the next several years.[15]
`
`Service mark for GSMA mobile
` broadband
`
`IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
`[edit]
`Further information: List of deployed WiMAX networks
`
`The IEEE working group IEEE 802.16, produces standards adopted in products using the
` WiMAX trademark. The original "Fixed WiMAX" standard was released in 2001 and "Mobile
`
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`Mobile broadband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
` WiMAX" was added in 2005.[16] The WiMAX Forum is a non-profit organization formed to
` promote the adoption of WiMAX compatible products and services.[17]
`
`In use, but moving to other protocols going forward [edit]
`
`CDMA family [edit]
`Further information: List of Evolution-Data Optimized service providers and List of
` CDMA2000 networks
`
`Established in late 1998, the global Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) develops
` the evolving CDMA family of standards, which includes cdmaOne, CDMA2000, and CDMA2000
` EV-DO. CDMA2000 EV-DO is no longer being developed.[18]
`
`IEEE 802.20 [edit]
`In 2002, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) established a Mobile
` Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) working group.[19] They developed the IEEE 802.20
` standard in 2008, with amendments in 2010.[20]
`
`See also [edit]
`
`3G
`Broadband Internet
` access
`Digital Britain
`MiFi
`Mobile Enterprise
`Mobile phone
`
`Mobile VoIP
`SDIO card, an extension of the SD specification to include I/O
` functions
`Tethering
`3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), evolving GSM family
` of specifications
`3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), evolving CDMA
` family of specifications
`
`, International Telecommunications Unions
`
`References [edit]
`1. ^ a b "The World in 2011: ITC Facts and Figures"
` (ITU), Geneva, 2011
`2. ^ Spectrum Dashboard , Federal Communications Commission official website
`3. ^ Mustafa Ergen (2009). Mobile Broadband: including WiMAX and LTE . Springer
` Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-68189-4.
`4. ^ "Overview on mobile broadband technologies"
`, EBU (European Broadcasting Union)
` workshop on mobile broadband technologies, Qualcomm, 12 May 2011
`5. ^ "Evolution of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks: 1G to 4G"
`, Kumar, Liu, Sengupta,
` and Divya, Vol. 1, Issue 1 (December 2010), International Journal on Electronics &
` Communication Technology (IJECT), pp. 68-72, ISSN: 2230-7109
`6. ^ "About 3GPP: The Generations of 3GPP Systems"
`, 3rd Generation Partnership Project
` (3GPP), retrieved 27 February 2013
`7. ^ "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"
`, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC
` EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
`8. ^ a b c d e f g Ericsson Mobility Report
`, Ericsson, November 2012
`9. ^ Mobile Broadband , Best Broadband Reports, December 2013
`
`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_broadband[1/7/2016 3:25:08 PM]
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`Mobile broadband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`10. ^ "Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950-2050"
`, International Programs Center for
` Demographic and Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
`11. ^ a b ICT Facts and Figures 2005, 2010, 2014 , Telecommunication Development Bureau,
` International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Retrieved 24 May 2015.
`12. ^ a b c Ericsson Mobility Report: Interim Update
`, Ericsson, February 2013
`13. ^ "Service mark: The global technology identifer"
`. GSM Association. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
`14. ^ "About 3GPP"
`, 3GPP website, retrieved 27 February 2013
`15. ^ "What is the future of mobile broadband?"
`. Vergelijk Mobiel Internet. Retrieved
` 17 September 2012.
`16. ^ "IEEE Approves IEEE 802.16m - Advanced Mobile Broadband Wireless Standard"
` Standards Association. March 31, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
`17. ^ "WiMAX Forum Overview"
`. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
`18. ^ "About 3GPP2"
`, 3GPP2 website, retrieved 27 February 2013
`19. ^ "IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)"
`. Working group web site.
` Retrieved July 16, 2011.
`20. ^ "IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)"
` Standards Association. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
`
`. Official standard. IEEE
`
`. IEEE
`
`External links [edit]
`GSM Association , official website for the
` worldwide trade group representing GSM operators
`3GPP official website
`3GPP2 official website
`LTE Encyclopedia
`WiMAX Forum official website
`
`Wikimedia Commons has
` media related to Mobile
` phones.
`
`Wikimedia Commons has
` media related to Wireless
` modems.
`
` V · T · E
`
`0G (radio telephones)
`
`1G
`
`2G
`
`2G transitional
` (2.5G, 2.75G)
`
`3G (IMT-2000)
`
`Cellular network standards
`List of mobile phone generations
`MTS · MTA * MTB * MTC * MTD · IMTS · AMTS · OLT · Autoradiopuhelin ·
` B-Netz
`
`[hide]
`
`AMPS family
`
`AMPS (TIA/EIA/IS-3, ANSI/TIA/EIA-553) · N-AMPS
` (TIA/EIA/IS-91) · TACS · ETACS
`Other NMT · C-450 · Hicap · Mobitex · DataTAC
`
`GSM/3GPP family GSM · CSD
`
`3GPP2 family
`
`cdmaOne (TIA/EIA/IS-95 and ANSI-J-STD 008)
`
`AMPS family D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
`
`Other CDPD · iDEN · PDC · PHS
`
`GSM/3GPP family HSCSD · GPRS · EDGE/EGPRS (UWC-136)
`
`3GPP2 family CDMA2000 1X (TIA/EIA/IS-2000) · 1X Advanced
`
`Other WiDEN
`UMTS (UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA ·
` UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA ·
` UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA)
`3GPP2 family CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 (TIA/IS-856)
`
`3GPP family
`
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`
`

`
`Mobile broadband - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
`3G transitional
` (3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
`
`3GPP2 family
`
`3GPP family HSPA (HSDPA · HSUPA) · HSPA+ · LTE (E-UTRA)
`CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
`· EV-DO Revision B (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B) · DO
` Advanced
`Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) · Flash-OFDM · iBurst
` (IEEE 802.20)
`
`IEEE family
`
`4G
` (IMT Advanced)
`
`3GPP family
`
`LTE Advanced (E-UTRA)
`
`IEEE family WiMAX (IEEE 802.16m)
`
`Related articles
`
`5G conceptual (currently under formal research & development)
`Cellular networks · Mobile telephony · History · List of standards ·
` Comparison of standards · Channel access methods ·
` Spectral efficiency comparison table · Cellular frequencies ·
` GSM frequency bands · UMTS frequency bands · Mobile broadband ·
` NGMN Alliance · MIMO
`
`Categories: Broadband Mobile telecommunications
`
` This page was last modified on 7 November 2015, at 15:40.
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