`Strony
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`Us 7,056,906 B2
`*Jun. 6, 2006
`
`USUU7056906B2
`
`(54) CONIBINATIONS OF IIORYIONE
`RE]-’I.A(fl4IMICN"I‘ TIIICRAI-‘Y
`
`COMPOSITIO.\'(S) AND STEROL
`ABSORPTION INI[[B['[‘()R(S) AND
`'l‘Rl4IA'[‘MI~1N'l‘S FOR VASCUI.-AR
`CONDITIONS IN POST-MENOPAUSAI.
`WOMEN
`lnventor:
`
`John T. Strony, Lebanon. NJ (US)
`
`(753
`
`D
`(73) Assionee:
`
`E9
`P
`SCl1(‘.'l‘ln" Cor oration, Kenilworlli, NJ
`(US)
`
`( * 1 Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`mm by 0
`This patent is subject to 21 lennina] dis—
`°l*‘i“‘°“
`
`(213 APPL N0-1 10*’?-V6035
`_
`l’11=:d:
`
`Sap. 19. 2002
`
`(22)
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`US 200370119796 Al
`Jun. 26, 2003
`_
`_
`Related U.S. Application Data
`o1itinuation—in—part of application No. 107166.942,
`med 0“ hm’ 11= 2002‘
`(60) Provisional application No. 607324.118, filed on Sep.
`21, 2001‘
`
`(63)
`
`4.-179.900 A
`4.500.456 A
`
`4534~736 A
`4-554-609 A
`A
`4‘j;?6'j.“ :4
`41581070 A
`4.595.532 1’
`4.502.003 A
`4.602.005 A
`4.614.614 A
`4.616.047 A
`4.69.0867 A
`
`4:533“? A
`41542303 A
`2-2;:-2:? ::
`i 0
`4177781883 A
`4.784.734 A
`4.794.108 A
`4.800.079 A
`4.803.266 A
`4.814.354 A
`4.834.846 A
`
`4.879.301 A
`4395326 A
`K
`5.516.528 A *
`5431175 A :
`5.656.624 A
`5.688.787 A 8
`
`10.-" 984 L110
`2.-" 985 Spitzer
`
`935 ,1-_"°
`1-j_ 986
`lmlra
`gflfnlee
`3". 986 Kimfll
`'4:-' 986 3-'1i|el|):r
`6.-" 986 .\*I'll‘
`7.-' 935 3»1l1|iLnlm..-
`7:" 986 Nlrilinow
`9.-' 986
`«Ernest
`10:’ 986 ._afon
`ll.-‘"1986
`.110
`
`13-": 935 3’l1'e_1leF
`937 7“_‘”“f‘
`2:11:23
`
`iflffru?
`10:-' 988 Yosliigolii.
`11:" 988 T "
`12.-' 988 Kiiiiiinoio
`l.-" 989 '3?uoyer
`2.-' 939
`<.-iwashim.-1
`989 Gliebre—Se|l:«i.ssie
`989 Abramson
`.l";‘r.‘(’:1P‘,"'
`13;;
`11:’ 989 Umio
`]l.-' 990 (31,113.
`glifljonka
`990 llughes et al.
`997 1\'_iTkl1P 9131-
`8:‘. 997 \*:1eca.ro el :11.
`11." 997 Btlrncrt et al.
`
`5l4'l342
`
`424.-'4(4
`514-13191113
`...... .. 514-210.02
`514-9.10.02
`
`(51)
`
`lnt.Cl.
`A6111‘ 31/00
`A6IK 31/56
`A6}'K .3},/7028
`AMK .3139?
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2000.01)
`514/210.02: 23125; 231170:
`536”7_4
`514.1170.
`Field of Classification Search
`,
`,5l4‘:210_'02’ 23’ 25; 42407571, 536'll7'4
`See application file lor complclc scarcli history.
`References cited
`U.S. I-‘A'l‘l".N'l‘ |)()(.‘UM|-'.N'l‘S
`
`(58)
`
`(Sm
`
`3.716.583 A
`3.781.328 A
`3.948.973 A
`4.072.705 A
`4.075.000 A
`4.144.232 A
`4.166.907 A
`4.178.695 A
`4.179.515 A
`4.235.896 A
`4.250.191 A
`4.260.743 A
`4.304.718 A
`4.375.475 A
`4.443.372 A
`4.444.784 A
`4.472.309 A
`
`2:‘ 973 Nakamiira
`I2.-‘I973 Witte
`4:‘ 976 Phillips
`2:‘ 978 Nlieville
`2:‘ 978 Abdulla
`3-"1979 Koppel
`9:" 979 Krapeho
`12-"1979 Eibeia
`12:‘ 979 Nlicville
`11:‘ 980 Nlieville
`2-"1981 Edwards
`4." 981 Rose
`12-"1981 Kainiya.
`3:‘ 983 Willard
`4-"1984 Lilo
`4-"1984 lloffinan
`9-"1984 Kainiya.
`
`BE
`
`d
`.
`,(.
`1 ""“”“‘“ 2
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`_
`'0-"'93°
`334733 A
`d
`v
`-C
`I_ ontinue )
`0'l‘lll‘1R l"Ul3lz1(1’\T1ONS
`Roseiihlum el al “discovery of 1-(4-fluoiiophenyl)-(3R)-[3-
`(4_filmmphcnyl)_{3S)_hydmxypmpy1]_(4S0_(4_
`hydroxyphenyl)—2—azetidinone (SCH 58235]: a designed
`potent orally active inhibitor of cholesterol absorption", J.
`Med. Chem._. 1998, 41. 973—98.*
`
`(Co1i1inued)
`
`James O. Wilson
`Primary‘ Entmirrer
`Assisianf E.i'mJ.'iircr—(ja11apatl1y Krislltizm
`
`(57)
`
`ABS'I'RA( IT
`
`llierapeulic
`The present invention provides eoinposilioiis.
`combinations and methods including: (a) at least one hor-
`mone replaccrnciil tlicmpy composition: and (b) at least one
`sterol absorption inhibitor which can be useful for treating
`vascular conditions in post—1iie1iopausal women and lower-
`ing plasma levels oi‘ sterols or So.-stanols.
`
`4] Claims, No Drawings
`
`10140
`
`PENN EX. 2235
`
`CFAD V. UPENN
`IPR20l5-01836
`
`
`
`US 7,056,906 B2
`Page 2
`
`U_ S, PATENT DOCIJMENTS
`_
`_
`
`_
`
`5.593.543 A *
`5.744.457 A *
`5,755,470 A *
`5.545.955 A *
`5,932,552 A *
`
`
`12.-"1997 Dugar ct a1.
`.. 514721002
`4-"1998 .\dcKitt1'1ck ct al.
`.. 514721002
`5..-"1905
`‘filmibe 51 31.
`514.05
`12-‘I998 Roscnblum ct al.
`514721002
`3.-1909 0sll1.Ln(L Jr.
`514173
`
`5,440,954 B1"‘
`5.513.757 131 *
`2001.-'0028895 A1
`
`3.-2002 Haber 51 31.
`9.-12003
`135115.514 Ct :11.
`10.-"2001 Blsgaler
`
`5147159
`514.1175
`
`333§"3-3133313 "$1
`;
`~
`~ 1'
`._1.1U2.'11.112_8253
`.-'\1
`2002.-'0132855 A1
`
`33333 ."§{‘““E"k°' "2.
`'_~
`~
`9 0"“ E C"
`912.002.
`(I10l’1'I1i)lk C1‘
`9.-"2002
`_\1e1s()n el :11.
`
`-
`
`CA
`DP.
`DL
`LP
`LP
`F1’
`EP
`LP
`LP
`EP
`F1’
`F1’
`F1’
`F1’
`F1’
`LP
`F1’
`LP
`F1’
`LP
`LP
`F1’
`LP
`F1’
`LP
`LP
`F1’
`EP
`LP
`F1’
`EP
`F1’
`F1’
`LP
`LP
`F1’
`F1’
`F1’
`PR
`FR
`(313
`GB
`GB
`(313
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`JP
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2253759
`1111999
`2046823 A
`3." 1972
`2521113 A
`3-"1975
`0002151 A1
`5-"1979
`0002151 131
`511979
`0010299 131
`2." 1 984
`01795 59 A2
`4-"1986
`0199530 A1
`10-"1985
`0254231 A1
`4-"1988
`02 55896 B 1
`511988
`0274873 B 1
`7." 1 988
`0288973 131
`1 1."1988
`0311366 131
`4."1989
`0333268 A1
`9." 1 989
`0337549 A1
`10." 1 989
`0355354 A2
`4-"1990
`03755 27 A1
`6." 1 990
`0199530 131
`911990
`0401705 A3
`12." 1 990
`0415487 A2
`3-"1991
`0455042 A1
`1111991
`04575 14 A1
`1 1."1991
`0451548 A3
`12-"1991
`0462667 A2
`12." 1 99 1
`0475148 A1
`3-"1992
`0475755 131
`311992
`0481671 A1
`4."1992
`04 82498 A3
`411992
`0524595 A1
`1-"1993
`0337549 131
`10." 1 995
`07 205 99 B 1
`7-"1996
`04575 14 B1
`8." 1 996
`0 753 298 A1
`1." 1 997
`0793958 A2
`911997
`08 14080 A1
`1211997
`090478 1 A2
`1 999
`1 036 563 A1
`912000
`1048295 A2
`1 112000
`1103113
`1011955
`27 793 47
`12." 1 997
`851357
`211951
`902658
`811962
`1415295
`1 1."1975
`2329334 A
`3-"1999
`135485
`511981
`0280 57
`1011981
`1802 12
`1 986
`121479
`1211985
`51280295 A
`12-"1985
`219581
`411987
`
`JT’
`JP
`
`11.
`11,
`11,
`11,
`11,
`
`11,
`W0
`W0
`
`“'0
`wo
`W0
`
`‘$8
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W1)
`W0
`W0
`W(_)
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W()
`“"0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W1‘)
`W0
`W0
`W()
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`
`63017859 A
`91058020
`
`4255559 A
`4555195 A
`4555495
`51155993 A
`51949119 A
`
`951151555 139
`91.0 59191549
`W0 85.504429
`
`W°“""””9“
`W0 0 1..-03240
`9257 1
`W0 93.02048
`
`$3 3:11:33:
`W0 94120535
`W0 94126738
`WO 95104533
`WO 95105470
`WO 95108532
`W0 95.-" 18143
`WO 95126334
`WO 95128919
`WO 95135277
`WO 96100288
`W0 96.109827
`W0 96.-" 16037
`W0 96.-" 19450
`W0 96.-" 19987
`W0 96.-"40255
`WO 97115455
`W0 97.-" 18304
`W() 97.121676
`W0 97.-"25042
`WO 97128149
`WO 97131907
`W0 97.135 576
`WO 97141098
`W0 97.-"46238
`W0 98101100
`W0 98105331
`W0 98-"14179
`WO 98131361
`WO 98131355
`W0 98143081
`WO 98146215
`W0 98-"47518
`W0 98-"57652
`W() 99.105035
`W() 99.105046
`W0 99.-"0850 1
`W0 99109967
`W0 9911 1260
`WO 99112534
`W0 99.-"04815
`WO 99115159
`W0 99115520
`W0 99.-" 18072
`WO 99120275
`W() 99.120614
`WO 99122728
`W0 99.-"29300
`WO 99138498
`WO 99138845
`WO 99138850
`
`1.-"1988
`10-"1991
`
`91.1999
`12,1992
`195.1999
`3,1993
`5,1993
`
`5__.1995
`511959
`-115198.11.
`
`”*""9"*
`1 991
`81.» 1
`21.19913
`
`9-"1994
`1 1.-"1994
`2-"1995
`3-"1995
`3-"1995
`7.-"1995
`1011995
`11-"1995
`12-"1995
`1 1 996
`4.-"1996
`5.-"1996
`6.-"1996
`7.-"1996
`12.-"1996
`5-" 1 997
`1 997
`6.11997
`7.-"1997
`8-"1997
`9-" 1 997
`10.-"1997
`11-"1997
`12.-"1997
`1 1 998
`2-"1998
`4.-"1998
`7-" 1 998
`7-"1998
`10.-"1998
`10-" 1 998
`10.-"1998
`12.-"1998
`2.-" 1999
`2.1 1999
`211999
`1 999
`3.-"1999
`3-"1999
`4.-"1999
`4-"1999
`4.-"1999
`4.-"1999
`4-" 1 999
`4.11999
`5-"1999
`6.-"1999
`8-"1999
`8-"1999
`8-"1999
`
`2 of 40
`
`PENN EX. 2235
`
`CFAD V. UPENN
`IPR20l5-01836
`
`
`
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`‘N0
`W0
`$8
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`‘NO
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`
`3:3
`WU
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`21:8
`W0
`W0
`‘NO
`we
`W0
`W0
`
`W0
`$3
`W0
`W0
`W0
`wo
`W0
`W0
`W0
`“"3
`$8
`W()
`W0
`W0
`W9
`W0
`W0
`
`W0 99.546232
`W0 99-"47123
`W0 99348488
`W0 99.566929
`W0 99-"66930
`\«\''0 00.-"0401 1
`W0 09-"9751?
`Eg':ig;'3‘:
`W0 00:__2062§_
`W0 005234”
`W0 0U__.334l;,)
`W0 00.33425
`wt) 0013445
`W0 00.33451
`wt) 00:.-23981
`wt) 0031548
`W0 00.-32189
`W() 00534240
`W0 00.-37078
`W0 00-"38'I'21
`WO 00538722
`W0 00-"38723
`WU 0038724
`W0 00-33725
`W0 00-"38'I'26
`W0 00-"3872?
`W” °”'''33733
`W1) 00.-"33-1'29
`WO 00540247
`_
`W0 00-'4581’I"
`W0 00.50392
`W0 0053149
`wt) 0053173
`wt) 00:.-53563
`wt) 00:.-55403
`W0 00.-‘S7859
`W0 00..-579 [8
`
`W0 0Uj_.5515‘l
`W0 00___.6_.H90
`W0 00,-53196
`W0 00363209
`W0 0C'--''53703
`W0 00-15941?
`
`W0 00.72829
`wt) 00__.-75103
`WO 00576482
`Wt) cu.-75433
`W0 00..-"T8312
`WO 00578313
`
`W0 0 -"P0579
`T
`‘.1
`W0 01.__,121,m
`W0 0 ..-12187
`W0 0 __.-125l2
`W0 0 __.-14349
`W0 011143 50
`W0 0 ..-'14."s5l
`WU 01515744
`W0 0 W513”
`
`“
`',
`W() 01.-21181
`W0 01521259
`W0 0 31573
`W0 01,.-31547
`W0 01133962
`W0 01525225
`
`9.-' I999
`9-"1999
`9.51999
`12.51999
`12-"1999
`132000
`3’-'-"3009
`$333
`4.2000
`452000
`4__.2m
`4__.2UUU
`4".-2000
`4__.2UUG
`5_.-2000
`6320.00
`02000
`6.-"2000
`6.-‘"2000
`’?-"2000
`7-""2000
`T-"200CI
`7-"2000
`7-"3000
`’?-"2000
`712000
`7'''3””‘’
`73-2000
`"#2000
`_
`S-'200CI
`s__.2UUfi
`9__..2000
`93000
`g_.-"2000
`g_.-"2000
`I0.-‘"2000
`10.0000
`
`m:_.mG
`loll.-2000
`lg,-gggg
`10.-"2000
`10-9000
`11-‘F000
`
`IZQUUU
`ll.-2000
`1232000
`12.-20110
`I2.-‘"2000
`12-‘"2000
`
`I-"2001
`-'
`xmfll
`2.-"2001
`2:-zool
`3..-mm
`3.-'2{}{J1
`3.-‘"2001
`3-"$3001
`3":2"0'
`
`‘ ',
`312001
`352001
`33001
`3,.-2901
`4.-'2{}{J1
`4-'20{Jl
`
`US 7,056,906 B2
`Page 3
`
`W0
`W0
`W()
`W0
`W0
`“:0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W()
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W0
`W()
`W0
`W0
`W0
`
`W0
`W0
`W()
`
`W0
`W0
`W0
`WU
`W()
`
`W0 01.325226
`W0 UU30343
`W() 01.332 161
`W0 [] [_.-34148
`W0 01..-35970
`W() 0 L140 I92
`W0 01..-'4.-3575
`W0 01149207
`W0 01.-Z6080?
`W0 01164221
`W0 01176632
`W0 01.05347
`W0 02108188
`W0 (12.-26729
`W0 02.350027
`W() 112350060
`W0 02150068
`W0 02.550090
`W0 021058685
`W0 023058696
`W() 02.-1158731
`W0 03058732
`W0 02053733
`W0 02.-T158734
`
`4.52001
`5-"2001
`5.-"2001
`5_.-2001
`5..-2001
`fi__.-zuul
`5..-2001
`712001
`3..-12001
`912001
`1012001
`12.12001
`112002
`4..-2002
`5.32002
`6.32002
`6-"2002
`6.32002
`8.-"2002
`S-"2002
`S.-"2002
`852002
`832002
`3..-2002
`.-
`
`812002
`W0 0210046154
`9,-2002
`W0 023071104
`.-
`H
`10.22002
`W() 0211181454
`,
`,
`3..-2003
`W0 03.-018024
`3.-2003
`W0 031013059
`5.-‘Z2003
`W0 03.-‘T139542
`9-‘Z003
`“J0 033074101
`10.-"2003
`W() 0351188962
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`.
`011113“ PUBL'1C-“ 101%
`
`Michael '1‘. Murray “l7.11cyc10pcdia of Nu11'iIi011a1 Supple-
`mcnls", 1996, pp. 257-258 and 311318.’?
`*
`]{(15‘1c11h1L1m ct al, J. Mod. (.11L:m._. 1998, 41, 973-98(1).
`U.S./\pp1. N0. 101’()57,53-4, filed Jan. 25, 2002, I)av1s C1 211.
`11.8. App]. N0. 1{]x'057,fi4fi, F11ed_1;1r1. 25, 2002, 1)z1\-'13 el H1.
`U.S. APP]. N0, 101057.629, filed Jan. 25, 2002, Davis.
`U.S. App]. N0. 101154.106, filed May 22. 2002. Davis et al.
`U.S. Appl. N0. 1011151323, n_1cd Jan. 25, 2002, Davis Cl 211.
`U.S. App]. No. 101136.968, 1'11ed May 1, 2002, C110 er :11.
`NO.
`.1811.
`KOSOg1OU 31
`_
`‘
`31-
`l01’24'1',032, 111;-d Jan. 25, 2002, Davis.
`U.S. App]. No.
`U.S.App1. N0. 101’056,680_. filed Jan. 25, 2002, Kosoglou et
`a[_
`
`U.S. App]. N0. 11112411199, filed Scp. 19, 2002, Davis CI 211.
`u
`1
`U.S. App]. No. 101247.095, filed Sep. 19, 2002, Davis.
`App]. N0. 101246.996. filnd Snp. 19. 2002. 1.L1)Lcll1T. LT.
`(
`,
`(
`.
`,
`“ '
`N0.
`1_)av1s 61
`U.S./\pp1. N0. l01’166,942, filed Jun. 11, 2002, (rhosal C1 211.
`Vaccaro, W.[). 01 a1 , “Sllgar-1-;L1bs1iI1I1L:d 2-azclidinonc cho-
`lesterol absorption inhibitors: enhaiiced potency by 111odifi—
`calion 01 1110 sugar" Bioorgarzic & Medicinal (.‘;’3erm'.W‘r_1*
`L1r.s-., 0.r_rfi)rd, (?.B., 8:313-318 (1998).
`Vaccaro, W,D. et a]._. “Carb0xy—substiTutecl 2—azetidi11ones as
`cholesterol absorption inhibitors". B:'ogam'c & Medic'fna?
`_,
`Chem. fflirs. Oxford,
`8:3l9—322 (1998).
`‘
`H. ];)a_v1s et a]'., _‘Ezet11111be, a Potent C‘".l1o1estero1A1_)sorpt1on
`lnhlbllor, lnhlhlts lhc Dcvc10p111L:11to1 Alcrnsclcmsls 111 Apo
`F. Knockolll Mice", A rteriosclerg Thromb.
`1/asc.
`B101’
`2l:2032-2038, (1)00. 2001).
`
`3 of 40
`
`PENN Ex. 2235
`
`CFAD V. UPENN
`IPR20l5-01836
`
`
`
`US 7,056,906 B2
`Page 4
`
`Simova, E._. “Aldol-type addition of hydrocinnamic acid
`esters to ben;r.ylideneaniline". C.'}'7em:'m1 /1b.r.=‘rae.=‘s No. 1'5, 86
`(Apr. 11, 199?).
`Otto et al., Stcreocheniistry of dehydration and halogenation
`to OR*
`and
`otS*
`isomeric
`3—(o.-hydroxybenzyl)-1.4
`diphenyl=2 alietidinones, Chemical Abstracts No. 19. 99
`(Nov. 7, 1983).
`T. Durst et al, “Metallation o 1' N-Substituted [3-Lactams. .A
`Method of
`the
`lntroduction of 3-substituents
`into
`
`15 -1,aCtaJ11s" Canadian Jottrnm’ ()_['(7I7errris!r'_1: 503196-3201
`(1971).
`Nobuki, 0. et al., “Stereoselective syntheses of b-lactam
`derivatives by ultrasotmd pro111oted Refonttatskii reaction”
`Chen.=:'c'a1 Absrracfl No. 1'06. 17 (Apr. 27, 1987).
`M. 1-loekman, et al., “Synthesis of 1-lomologues of 4,5-
`Dihydroxy—and
`4—Hydroxy—5-oxohexanoic
`Acid
`Y-l ,actones"_. J. /lgric. l'"ood (.'}'7eJ.It.. 30:920-924 (1982).
`ll. Otto et al. “Darstellung and Stereochemie von 3-(oL-
`1-lydroxybenzyl)-l ,4-diphenyl-2-azetido nonen”.
`1’..feb:'g.-s
`/lmt.
`(.'.l2em. 1152-1161 (1983).
`(i. George et al. “3-( 1 ‘-1 1ydroxyethy1)-2-Azetidinones l"rom
`3-I-lydroxybutyrates and N-Arylaldimines” Fcltrahedmn Le -
`ters. 26:3903-3906 (1985).
`llart et al. “An l_inantiosclective Approaclt to Carbapcncm
`Antibodies: Formal Synthesis of (+)-Thienamycin”, 26 Te -
`rabedroiz Letters, 45:5493-5496 (1985).
`Panlil, 1. et al. ‘‘Synthesis of [5-1_.actams from (X. [3-Unsat-
`urated Sugar o—Lactones" 24 Hererocydes 611609-1617
`(1986).
`1). Roger lllingwonh. “An Overview ol‘1.ipid-Lower Drugs”
`Dmgs 36:63:71 (1988).
`Joseph 1,. Witzturn. M.l)., “(Torrent Approaches to Drug
`Therapy for the Ilyercholestcrolemic Patient” C':'r(.-u!ar:'rm
`80:ll0l-1114 (1989).
`B. Ram et al. “Potential 1-Iypolipidemic agents: Part V”, 29B
`lndian .1. Chem. 1134-37 (1990).
`“Etfects of Acyl-CoA:
`Schnitzer-Polokofi‘, R.
`et
`al.,
`Choleseraol O-Acyltransferase Inhibition on Cholesterol
`Absorption and Plasma I.ipoprotein (Tomposition in Ham-
`sters" Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 99A:665-670 (1991).
`1-lorie, M. et al, “1-lypolipidemic effects ofNB—598 in dogs”
`/1tbem_s'e1em.sis 88: 183-192 (1991).
`Baxter, A._. “Squalestati11 1_. a Potent Inhibitor of Squalene
`Synthase, Which Lowers Serum Cholesterol in Vfivo”, The
`..v'om'J2m’ of Biokrgimf (.‘13en.=t'srry 267211705-l 1708 (I 992).
`Summary Pactlile, “Anti-Antliertosclertotic Agents” Currem‘
`Drugs Ltd. (1992).
`1-larwood 1-1. James, “Pharmacologic consequences of cho-
`lesterol absorption inl1ibitio11: alteration in cholesterol
`metabolism and reduction in plasma cholesterol concentra-
`tion induccd by the synthetic saponin fl-tigogenin cel-
`lobioside (CP-88818;
`tiqueside)
`1”
`.J"oz.'r.Im! of .’,.='p:'d
`Researcltr 34:377—395 (1993).
`Salisbury, 13. ct al., “1Iypocholesterolemic activity ofa novel
`inhibitor of cholesterol absorption. SCI 1 48461” Atheroscle-
`rosis 1l5:45-63 (1995).
`Clader,
`.1. W. et al_. “Substituted (1,2-1)iarylethyl)an1ide
`Acyl-CoA;Cholesterol Acyltransferase lnhibitorsz l7.fl'ect of
`Polar Groups in Vitro and iii Viro Activity” Jotrrna! of
`Mcdi(.'ina1 C:’re:m's.'ry 38:l600—l607 (1995).
`Sybertz, E._. “Sch 48461, a novel inhibitor of cholesterol
`absorption" Atherosclerosis pp. 311-315 (1995).
`Vaocaro, W, et al, "2-Azetidinone Cholesterol Absorption
`lnhibitors;
`lncreased Potency by Substitution of the C-4
`Phenyl Ring", Bioorg. & Med. Cfhertt. 6:l429-1437 (1998).
`
`G. Wu et al, A Novel 0ne—Step Diastereo—and enantioselec-
`live formation oftrans-azetidinoncs and its application to the
`total synthesis of cholesterol absorption inhibitors A.(i.S.
`(Apr. 21, 1999).
`for PPARS in Cholesterol
`B. Staels.
`“New Roles
`1 lomcostasis”, 7i'eJm’_s' in Pharntcrrrotlogieal Sdences. 22:9 p.
`444 (Scp. 2001 ).
`Abbott et al, “Tricorifii Capsules, Micronized”. Pl3y.ric:'am:
`Desk Referemce. Jan. 8, 2001.
`M. Feher et al., 1991, Lipids and I.ipid Disorders. p. 1-87
`(1991).
`M. Ricote et al., “New Roles for PPARs in Cholesterol
`1 lomcostakis”, 7i'end_s' in I’.l2ar.=tta(.'o1ogi(.'a1 Sciemre. vol. 22.
`No. 9 441-443 (2001).
`C. Dujovne et al, “Reduction of LDL Cholesteral in Patients
`with Primary Hypercholesterolemia by SC1-1 48461: Results
`of a multicenter Dose-Ranging Study", J. (3711,. Pizarro. 41 :1
`70-78 (Jan. 2001).
`W. Oppolzer et al., “Asymmetric Diels—_Alder Reactions.
`l"acile Preparation and Structure ofSulfonan1ido
`lsobornyl
`Acrylates”, Yerrabedron Letters No. 51, 25:5885-5888
`(1984).
`M. Davidson et al., “Colesevelam Hydischloride: a non-
`absorbed, polymeric cholesterol
`lowing agent", E.\'per.*
`Opitriorr Iflvestigatirrg Drugs, ll:2663-71. (Nov. 2000).
`M. Davidson
`et
`al._.
`“Colcsevelam hydrochloride
`(cholcstagel): a new, pote11t bileacid sequestrant associated
`with a low incidence of gastrointestinal elfects", 159 Arc.-17.
`Imrenrr. Med. 16 1893-900 (Sep. 1999).
`l. Wester, “Cholesterol Lowering effect of plant sterols”.
`Euro. J.L:}m'd_. Sci. 7Z‘c'h. 37-44 (2000).
`A. Andersson et al., “(.'holesterol
`lowering e11ects of a
`stanol ester-containing low fat margarine used in conj uction
`with a strict lipid-lowing diet“, 1 European Heart. J. Supple-
`ments 580-390 (1999).
`ll.
`(iylling et al, Reduction of Serum Cholesterol on
`Postmenopausal Women with Previous Myocardial Infarc-
`tion and Cliolesterol Malabsorption induced by Dietary
`Sitostarol
`I-Ester Margarine, 96 Cir(.'trJ'at'ir)JzI2 4226-4231
`(Dec. 16, 1997).
`T. Miettinen et al, “Reduction of Serum Cholesterol with
`Sitosta no] -| ister
`Margarine
`i11
`a
`Mildly
`Hypercholesterolemic Population“, New EngfmrdJom-trai of
`Med. 333 1308-1312 (Nov. 16, 1995).
`'|‘. liocan et al., “'lhe AC/\'|‘ lnhibitor Avasimibe Reduces
`Macrophages and Matrix Metalloproteinase lixpression in
`Atherosclerotic Lesions of I-lypercholesterolemic Rabbits",
`.-4n‘erirJs(.'l'er Thrrjttrb Vasc. Biol. 70-79 (.lan. 2000).
`M. Van [ leek et al., “ln Vivo Metabolism 13-ased Discovery
`ofa Potent Cholesterol Absorption lnhibitor. SCH 58235. in
`the Rat and Rhesus Monkey through tl1e identification of the
`active metabolites ol‘ S(71l-48461," 283 J. P}'mrn.=a and
`Lfxperimemal i‘i’trerape:.m'c5 I 157-163 (1997).
`11. Davis et al., “The (Iholesterol Absorption lnhibitor
`liyictimible lnhibits the l)evelopn1ent of./ktherosclerosis in
`apo E knockout (-7-) mice ted low fat and western diets." 151
`/1.fI7eros(rt’errJsi.s' 1133 (.1111. 2000).
`1.. Nguyen et al., “Unexpected Failure of Bile Acid
`Malabsorption to Stimulate Cholesterol Synthesis
`in
`Sitosterolemia with Xanthomatosis“. 10 An'rcrosc.-1crosis- 2‘.
`289-297 (1990).
`L. Nguyen et al., “Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesisin
`Sitosterolemia: eliects oi‘ lovastatin, Cholestyramine, and
`dietary sterol restriction," 32 J.l'.t'pt'd Res. 1941-1948 (1991).
`M. Cobb et al., “Sitosterolemia: Opposing lifiects of
`PENN EX. 2235
`
`40140
`
`CFAD V. UPENN
`IPR20l5-01836
`
`
`
`US 7,056,906 B2
`Page 5
`
`cholestyramine and Lovastatin on Plasma Sterol Levels in a
`llomozygous Girl
`a11d
`ller
`lleterozygous
`l"ather." 45
`Met‘abo[i'.s‘m 6 673-679 (Jun. 1996).
`M. lluetti11gcr et al.. “I Iypolipidemic Activity of 1 [()|i-402
`is mediated by Stimulation of the LDL Receptor Pathway”,
`I3 /lrt‘eric)_s(r1’errJsi.s and }'73ron.=ibo.ri's 7 1005-1012 (Jul.
`1993}
`J. Best et al., “Diabetic Dyslipidaemia”. 59 Drugs 5 110]-
`1111 (May 2000).
`P. Chong, et a], “Current. New and Future Treatment in
`Dyslipidaemia and Atherosclerosis", 60 Drugs 1' 55-93 (Jul.
`2000).
`M. Brown et al, “A Receptor Mediated Pathway for Cho-
`lesterol Homeostasis“, 232 Sc.-ienc.-e 34-47 (Apr. 4, 1986).
`L. Lipka et al._. “Reduction of LDL—L‘holesterol and Eleva-
`tion of HDL—Cho1estero1
`in Subjects with Primary
`11ypercl1olestcrole111ia by SCII 58235: Pooled Analysis of
`Two Phase 11 Studies", J./ICC 257A (l"el:). 20(l0).
`Medical F.conomies. Co.. l11c., PI1_v.v:'r::'w: ’.s' Desk R£;ferenr.'e.
`207-208, 2054 (55”‘ lid. 20()l).
`K. Fassbender et al., “Simvastatin Strongly Reduces Levels
`of Alzheimer's Disease [3—Amyloid Peptides AB 42 and
`AB40 in vitro and in vivo", PNAJ Early Edition, www.phas.
`orgr‘cgir'doia"10,l0'73a"phas.081620098 (2001).
`Andrx Announces Results ofAlzl1eimer’s Disease Clinical
`
`Study. /lr:a'r.r Corporate Reiertse (Apr. 11, 2001
`Andrx (ADRX): Pos Phase 11 Results Using, Avicor in
`Al7heimer’s: Str 13-uy; Sl30,US Brmmrp }’.='per, Apr. 12.
`2001.
`
`Statins May Protect Against Alzheimer’s Disease; much
`research needed, Geriatric.-s Feb. 2001.
`Dementia and Statins, The I_:.-m.-er Mar. 17, 200].
`Research & Development: Andrx Says Cholesterol Drug
`May Treat Alzheimers. Reuters Apr. 11. 2()01.
`Cholesterol Drugs
`liase Alzheimer’s Damage; www.
`usatodayconi Apr. 10. 2001.
`l,ovastation XI. ofllse in Al7heimer’s'.’ News lfldge (May 2.
`2001).
`L. Refolo et al, Hypercholesterolemia Accelerates the
`A17heimer’s Amyloid Pathology iii a Transgenic Morse
`Model, Neurobir;n’og'.= of l'):'sease 321-331 (2000).
`D. Kang et al., “Modulation ot'An1y1oid [i—protein Clearance
`and A111ei1ner‘s Disease Susceptibility by
`the LDL
`Receptor Related Protein Pathway". .;’oz.'mm' of (flinieal
`Irrvesrigariorz 106:9, 1159-1166 (Nov. 2000).
`Y.A. Kesaniewmi, “Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption EH21-
`ciency in Man is Related to Apoprotein F. Phenotype”, J.
`(.7131. h2ve_s't‘. 80(2) 578-81 (A11g. 1987).
`J. Busciglio et al., “Generation of [3—an1y1oid in the secretary
`pathway i11 neuronal and nonneuronal cells". 90 Proc. N037.
`Acad. Sci. USA. 2092-2096 Nerarobfology (Mar. 1993].
`L.
`l-‘arrer
`ct
`al.,
`“Asscssnient of Genetic Risk for
`Al7heimer’s Disease A111o11g first Degree Relatives". /1 .mra!.s
`ofNeurm’ogy 25:5, 485-493 (May 1989).
`A. Goate et al._. “Segregation of a Missense Mutation in the
`Amyloid Precursor Protein (:‘rene with 1-‘amilial Al7heiiner’s
`Disease", 349 Namre No. 6311‘, 704-706 (Feb. 21, 199]).
`D. Mann et al., “The Pattern of Acquisition of Plaques and
`Tangle in the Brains of Patients Under 50 years ofAge with
`Down’s Syndrome“, 89.1. Neuro. Sc.-:'.. 169-179 (Feb. 1989).
`G. McKhann et al.. “Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s
`Disease”, 34 Nerrmloggr No. 7, 939-944 (Jul. 1984).
`D. Selokoe, “Alzheimer’s Disease: Genotypes. Phenotype
`and Treatments", 275 Scieirce, 630-631 (Jan. 31, 1997).
`
`C. Van Duijn, et al., “Familial Aggregation of Alzheimer's
`Disease and Related Disorders: A collaborative Re-Analysis
`of (Ease-Control Studies", 20 Im‘ '{ J.
`f:'p.-'c1’e..=iri()J'()_g'_t’ N0. 2
`(Suppf. 2). 513-520 (1991).
`T Nagahara et al.. “Dibasic (Aniidcinoaryl) Propanoic Acid
`Derivatives as Novel Blood Coagulation 1’ actor Xa lnhibi-
`tors”, .1. Med. Chem 37:1200-1207 (1994).
`Mellot et al., “Acceleration o1‘ Recombinant Tissue-Type
`Plasminogen Activator lnduced Reperfusion and Prevention
`o1'Reocculsion by Recombinant Antistasin, a selective tac-
`tor Xa lnhibitor, in a Canine Model of Femoral Arterial
`Tl)r0111bosis"_. Circ'm'a!io:r Rcserirdr, 70:11:32-1160 (1992).
`Sitko et al., “Conjunctive linhancement of linzymatlc
`Thrombolysis and Prevention of Thnombotic Reocclusion
`With the Selective Factor Xa lnhibitor, Tick Anticoagulant
`Peptide", Circa.-Iariotr, 85:805-815 (1992).
`Seymour et al., 1994, Bioe.l2e:ni.m‘_t=_. 3313949-3959.
`Markwardt, 1994, 772rombosi_s' and Hermnrasis. 72:477-479.
`Mendall et al., “C-Reactive Protein and its
`relation to
`cardiovascular risk factor: A population based cross sec-
`tional study”, BMJ; 312:1061-1065 (Apr. 27. 1996).
`Ridker P. et al., “Prospective Studies o1'C—Reactive Protein
`as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease“, 46 J. Iirvesrfg.
`Med," 8:391-395 (1998).
`L. Ciruberb, 2000, “lnflarnmatory Markers in Acute Coro-
`nary Syndromes: C-reative protein (CRP) and Chlamydia”.
`/lntericau Heart‘ /1 ssociation Scferzrffic Sesst'oJ3s.
`Waters, D. et al., “A Controlled Clinical Trial to Assess the
`Eflect ofa Calcium Channel Blocker o11 the Progression of
`Coronary Atherosclerosis", Cir(.'ut’ari'ou;
`82: 1940-1953
`(1990).
`l"1eckenstein, 1985, (fir: Res. vol. 52 (Suppl. 1) 3-16.
`1'-‘leckenstein, 1983, “l7-.xperimenta1 Facts and Therapeutic
`Prospects”, Jofm 1We_t-', New York. pp. 286-313.
`McCall, D., 1985. Cam’. Pram’. Cardioil. vol. 10, 1-11.
`
`RC[lI"1l]']g1t)]'] 1995. The Science a11d Practice of Pharmacy,
`(19 Ed. 1995) p. 963.
`M. Chistie et al., “liarly Onset Amyloid Deposition and
`Cognitive Deficits in Transgenic Mice Expressiiig a Double
`Mutant Form ofAn1y1oid Precursor Protein 695", 276 J.
`Him’. Cherie. No. 24; 21562-70 (Jun. 15, 2001).
`C. Janus et al., “AfiPeptide lmmunization Reduces Behav-
`ioral impairment and Plaques in a Model ofA1zheimer‘s
`Disease", 408 Namre 21'/28; 979-982 (Dec. 2000).
`Manual oTl,aboratory Operations, Lipid Research Clinics
`Program Report, Washington, D.C., US. Dept. Qf'Healr1r,
`Edwafiorr and Wet’ Eire P.=.:bh'c.'rm'on; 1175-628 (1974).
`Steiner. PM et al., Standardization of Micromethods for
`Plasma Cholesterol, Triglyceride a11d 1 lD1.-Cholesterol with
`the Lipid C1inic’s Methodology [abstract], J. Cil7Ji". Chem.
`(.‘.-"r‘n. b’t'o.r_'hem,' 19:850 (1981).
`Steele W(i, et al., linzymatic Determinations of Cholesterol
`in High Density Lipoprotein liractiolis Prepared by Precipi-
`tation Technique,22 (.7i'r.-. C}:em.,' 1:98-101 (1976).
`Salen ct al., “lncreased Sitosterol Absorption, Decreased
`Removal and Expanded Body Pools C ompensate for
`Reduced Cholesterol Syntheses
`i11 Sitosterolemia with
`Xanthomatosis", J. 1'.r;r)d Res._.,' 3021319-1330 (1989).
`Lutjohann et al., “Sterol Absorption and Sterol Balance in
`Phytosterolemia Evaluated by Deuterium—1_abelcd Sterolsz
`Efl'ect of Sitostanol Treatment", J. Lipid R(f.$‘.,‘ 36:8; 1763-
`1773 (1995).
`lncreases 13- Amyloid
`'.7.hang et al., “Calpain lnhibitor 1
`Peptide by Inhibiting the Degradation ol'the Substrate of ‘{-
`Secretase” 274 J. Biol,
`(.72em._. 1328966-8972 (1999).
`PENN EX. 2235
`
`5of40
`
`CFAD V. UPENN
`IPR20l5-01836
`
`
`
`US 7,056,906 B2
`Page 6
`
`“Biochen1ical Characterization of the
`al.,
`Zhang et
`Y-Secretase Activity tl1at Produces 13-Amyloid Peptides".
`Biochemistry 40:5049-5055 (2001).
`lda et
`al._. “A11alysis of Ileterogenous HA4 Peptides in
`Human C erebrospinal Fluid and Blood by a Newly Devel-
`oped Sensitive Western Blot Assay“. 271 J. Biol, (.'hein.;
`37122908-22914 (1996).
`Liehtlen, P.R. et al., 1990, Lancer: 33521109-1113.
`Bays et a1., “Efi”ective11ess and '1'olerabi1ity of Ezetimibe in
`Patients with Primary Hypercholesterolemiaz Pooled Analy-
`sis of Two Phase 11 Studies". Ciinicai Tirerapeirfies‘,
`23:l209—l230 (2001).
`17,. Leitersdorf ct al., “Cholestero absorption inhibition:
`filling an unmet need in lipid—lowering nianagement”, Euro-
`pean Heart Journal’ Snppiiiiieni. 3:.:l17—E23 (Jun. 2001).
`Bauer et al., “Ezetimibe Does not A.lect the Pham1acokinet—
`ics or Pharmacodynamics of Warfarin”, Clinical i"harnia—
`eoiogv and 7?2erapeni‘i(.'s, 69:2 p. 5 (Mar. 6-10. 2001).
`Keung et al., Ezetimbe Does Not A "ect the Pham1acokinet-
`ics oi‘ oral Contraceptives, Ciinieai
`i’i7arii.=ae0i0g1.= and
`7?2erapenri(.'.<;, 69:2 p. 55 (Mar. 6-10, 2001).
`Kosoglou et
`al._. “Pharniacodynamic interaction between
`fenofibrate
`and the Cholesterol Absorption lnhibitor
`l_izctimibc", Workshops Lipid Lowering Drugs 72”‘ EAS
`Congress, p. 38 (May 21-23, 2001).
`'1‘. Kosoglou ct al., “Coadministration of Iizietimibe and
`1'-‘enofibrate Leads to Favorable Eilects On Apo C11 and LDI,
`
`SuIl3fracti011s", Posiers 1'1’. Lipid Lowering Drags/Novei.
`72 E/IS Coirgress, p. 39 (May 21-23, 2001
`1,. Reyderman ct al.. “Assessment ofa Multiple-Dose Drug
`lnteraction Between Ezetimibe and Cien1fibrozil”_. Presented
`at XIV 1nt’1 Symp. o11 Drugs Alrecting 1,ipid Metabolism
`(1').I\I.M) N.Y. (Sep. 9-12. 2001).
`the
`1’. Statkevich et
`al._. “Ezetimibe Does Not Affect
`of
`Pharmacokinetics
`and
`Pharmacodynamics
`(i1ipizide",Ciini(rai P}2arina(.'oiog;' & }']i7erapem‘ic.r , 69:67
`(Mar. 6-10. 2001).
`Knopp et a1, “1i.1Tcct of 1 ilietiniibe on Serum Concentrations
`of l.ipid—So1ub1e Vitaniins", P0.s'.ier.s'
`ii. Lipid i.()wering
`Driigfl‘-Love] 72"“ E45 Coi:rgre.s'.s'. p. 90 (May 21-23, 2001).
`Kosoglou et al._. “Pliarmacodynamic lnteraction Between
`1-‘enolibrate
`and the Cholesterol Absorption lnhibitor
`Ezetimibe", Woricsirops Lipid Lowering Drugs‘. 72'“ E43
`Congress, p. 38 (Mar. 6-10, 2001).
`Rays et al._. “1 ,ow-Density lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduc-
`tion by SCII 58235 (lizetimibe), A Novel
`lnhibitor o1‘
`lntestinal
`Cholesterol
`Absorption.
`in
`243
`Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: Results ofa Dose-Response
`Study", Xi! inrernationai .Sj:inpasinii.= on /1ii7eroseier0.ri.s,
`Siockiroiin, Sweden (Jun. 25-29, 2000).
`Castaner et al. “lizetimibe
`Ilypolipidemic Cholesterol
`Absorption lnhibitor". Drugs qftiie Fimire. 25(7):679-685
`(2000).
`1,ipl(a et al._. “Reduction o1"I.1)I.-Cholesterol and Iilevation
`of
`11D1.-Cholesterol
`in
`Subjects
`with
`Primary
`Hypercholesterolemia by Ezetimibe ( SCH 58235): Pooled
`Analysis of Two Phase 11 Studies”. /iineriean College of
`Cardioiogy /inmia? ilzieeiiizg. Aimiieini, CA (£M{IE
`112-115,
`2000).
`Van Heek et al., “Comparison of tlie activity and disposition
`of the novel cholesterol absorption inhibitor . SCH58235,
`and its glucuronide. SC H60663", British Join-nai ofPhar—
`iiiarroiogy, 129:1748-1754 (2000).
`Van lleek et a1., 2000 “The potent cholesterol absorption
`inhibitor, ezetimibc, is glucuronidated in the intestine, local-
`
`izes to the intestine. and circulates enterohepatically". XII
`international Syiirposinni of /1r}2eros(.'ierosi.9,
`Si‘o(.'iri30iii.=
`Sweden (Jan. 25-29, 200(9).
`lannueei et al., “Metabolism of SC11 58235 iii the Iluman.
`Rat and Dog". 47''“ A5345 Conferenc.'e on Mass Sp(f('t'i'0.'.il'(.’t'ij/
`and Aiiied 7i)pie_s', Daiias, TX (Jan. 13-17, I999).
`Reiss et al., “An linzymatic Synthesis of (ilueuronides of
`Azelidinone-based Cholesterol Absorption
`lnliibitors”.
`Bioorganie & Medieinai Cireiiii5!r}', 712199-2202 (1999).
`Rosenhlum et al., “Discovery of1-(4-Flurophenyl)-(3R)-[3-
`(4—fiuorophenyl)—(3S)—hydroxpropyl]—(4S)—(4—
`hydroxyphenyl)—2—azetidinone (SCH 58235): A Designed,
`Potent. Orally Aetive lnhibitor of Cholesterol Absorption”.
`J. Med. Chem. 41:973—980 (1998).
`Vacearo et al., “Sugar—S11bstituted 2—Azetidnone Cholesterol
`Absorption Inhibitors: Enhanced Potency by Modification
`of the Sugar”, Biomgaiiin & Medicinal (..‘i:einisrr_1' Lerters.
`8:313-318 (1998).
`Zaks et al., “Enzymatic Glucuronidation of a Novel Cho-
`lesterol Absorption lnhibitor, SCII 58235", /lppiied Bio-
`eizeiiristry and Bioreebizoiogy, 731205-214 (1998).
`W.
`lnsull et
`al._. Postmenopausal Hypercholesterolemic
`Women Derive Additive Benefit
`from Raloxifene and
`
`Simvastatin on Lipid Parameters , World Heart Federation
`6"“ Infernafioirai Syinposimn on Gioboi Risk of Coronarv
`Heart Disease and Stroite
`/Ibstraet 80011‘, p. 35 (Jun. 12-15.
`2002).
`L. Simons et al._. 2002, “Ezetimibe added to on—going statin
`therapy for treatment of primary liypercllolesterolemia: F.i'1i-
`caey and safety in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus”.
`presented at the 38"‘ Annual Meeting ofthe EASD, Sep. 1-5,
`2002.
`
`C‘. Allain et al, 1974, “17,n7yn1atic Determination of Total
`Serum Cholesterol", Ciinicai (Jiteinicai. 20:470-475.
`R. Mayrhofer
`et
`al..
`1980,
`“Simple—Preparation of
`3-Ilenzylidene-2-azetilidinones", Syntizesis, 247-248.
`Burrier, RB. et al., 1994, “Demonstration of a Direct Etfect
`on 1 lepalie Acyl (IoA:Cho1estero1 Acyl Transferase (A(.'A'|‘)
`Activity By An Orally Administered l~'.nzyme lnhibitor in the
`Hamster", Biocizeinieei Phariiiac'oiogy 47:l54-5-1551.
`Burrier. R.F..
`et
`al._.
`1994-,
`“The Efiect of Acyl
`CoA(Iholeslerol Aeyltransferasc lnhibitor o11 the Uptake.
`Esterification and Secretion of Cholesterol by the Hamster
`Small Intestine", The Jonrnai ofPirarimi-:.'oiogt.= and Experi-
`inentai '.-“i1erapen!i.r.'.s' 272: l 56- 1 63.
`llormone Replacement
`l7,.1". Binder et
`a1.,
`“l7.11'ects
`o1‘
`Therapy on Serum Lipids in Elderly Women. A Random-
`ized. Placeho-Controlled Trial“, 134 Ann.
`iniern. Med.
`9:754-760 (May 1, 2001).
`MR Haymart et al., “Optimal Management of Dyslipidemia
`in Women and Men", 2 J. Gena’.
`.S';)ecifl Med. 6:37-42
`(Nov.-Dee. 1997).
`“l’ramingham Heart Study Analysis Reveals Some Primary
`Prevention Subgroups Are Being Overloked", Hearnvire
`(Apr. 12, 2001).
`Detection Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cho-
`lesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel 111). “Tliird Report
`of the National Cholesterol F.ducation Program (NC 17-P)".
`NIH Piibiicwioir No. 0i—3670 (May 2001).
`Van Heek et al.. “Ezetiinibe, A Potent Cholesterol Absorp-
`tion lnltibitor, Nonnalizes Combined Dyslipidemia i11 Obese
`Hyperinsulinemie Hamsters", 50 Diabetes 1330-1335 (Jun.
`2001).
`“Additional Statins Show Anti-lnilammatory 17.11eet”. 103
`Circulation 1933-35 (Apr. 17, 2001).
`
`6of40
`
`PENN EX. 2235
`
`CFAD V. UPENN
`IPR20l5-01836
`
`
`
`US 7,056,906 B2
`Page 7
`
`H. 1-Iauser, et al, “lndetttification of a Receptor Mediating
`Absorption of Dietary Cholesterol
`in the Intestine”, Bio-
`r:}:en1:'.91‘ry 37:1T"843—1?'850. 1998.
`G. Salen, et al., “Sitosterolemia", Journal ofLipid Research
`33:945-955. 1992.
`Stedman‘s Medical Dictionary, 27”’ Iidition. p. 1381.
`and
`RF. Belatnarich
`et
`al.,
`“Response To Diet
`Cholestyraniine in a Patient with Sitosterolemia”, Pediat-
`r1'r_'s, 977-981, (Dec. 1990).
`(i. Salen et al., “Lethal Atherosclerosis Associated Willi
`Abnormal Plasma and Tissue Sterol Composition in
`Sitosterolemia With Xanthoniatosis”.
`.J"oz.'r.Im! of .’,.='p1'd
`Iicsearcfr, 1126-1133, (Scp. 1985).
`(i.R. Thompson ct al., Novel I.ipid-Regulating Drugs. lixp.
`Upin. lnvest. Drugs, 9(ll):2619-2623. 2000.
`Luis Gruberg, MD, lttflamntatory Markers in Acute Coro—
`nary Syndromes: C—reactive Protein (CRP) and Chla1nydia_.
`American l1eart_/\_ssociation Scientific Sessions 20(l0.
`
`l-(4-
`
`al.. Discovery of
`et
`13. Roscnbluni
`Stuart
`l~‘1uorophenyl)—(3R)—[3—(I1uorophe11yl)—(3S)—
`hy droxypropyl |-(4S)-(4-hydroxyphenyl )-2