(12) United States Patent
`Baron
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006506969Bl
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`Jan.14,2003
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`(54) AUTOMATIC MUSIC GENERATING
`METHOD AND DEVICE
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Rene Louis Baron, Saint Hilaire les
`Andresis (FR)
`
`(73) Assignee: Medal Sari, Saint Hilaire les Andresis
`(FR)
`
`( *) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`09/787,979
`
`(22) PCT Filed:
`
`Sep.23, 1999
`
`12/1994 Okuda ......................... 84/611
`5,375,501 A
`6/1996 Aoki ........................... 84/609
`5,525,749 A
`5,990,407 A * 11/1999 Gannon ....................... 84/604
`6,031,171 A * 2/2000 Tohgi et a!. .............. 84/470 R
`6,124,543 A * 9/2000 Aoki . ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 84/609
`6,188,010 B1 * 2/2001 Iwamura ................... 84/477 R
`6,326,538 B1 * 12/2001 Kay .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 84/635
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`
`288 800 A2 A3
`
`11/1988
`
`GlOH/1!00
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Yap Siang Chua, Composition Based on Pentatonic Scales:
`A Computer Aided Approach, IEEE,Los Alamitos, CA,
`USA, Jul. 1991, pp. 67-71.
`
`(86) PCT No.:
`
`PCT/FR99/02262
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`§ 371 (c)(l),
`(2), ( 4) Date: Mar. 23, 2001
`
`(87) PCT Pub. No.: W000/17850
`
`PCT Pub. Date: Mar. 30, 2000
`
`(30)
`
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`
`Sep. 24, 1998
`Jun. 23, 1999
`
`(FR) ............................................ 98 12460
`(FR) ............................................ 99 08278
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl? .......................... A63H 5/00; G04B 13/00;
`GlOH 7/00
`(52) U.S. Cl. ............................. 84/609; 84/610; 84/613;
`84/649; 84/650
`(58) Field of Search ................... 84/600--602, 609-613,
`84/615, 622-625, 634, 637, 649-653, 659-660,
`666-669
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,982,643 A * 1!1991 Minamitaka ................ 706/902
`
`Primary Examiner-Marion T. Fletcher
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Joseph S. Tripoli; Paul P.
`Kiel
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The invention concerns a music generating method which
`consists in: an operation defining musical moments during
`which at least four notes are capable of being played, for
`example, bars or half-bars; an operation defining two fami(cid:173)
`lies of note pitches, for each musical moment, the second
`family of note pitches having at least one note pitch which
`does not belong to the first family; an operation forming at
`least a succession of notes having at least two notes, each
`succession of notes being called a musical phrase, succes(cid:173)
`sion wherein, for each moment, each note whereof the pitch
`belongs exclusively to the second family is exclusively
`surrounded with notes of the first family; and an operation
`producing the output of a signal representing each pitch of
`each succession of notes.
`
`41 Claims, 23 Drawing Sheets
`
`(32
`
`NOTE PITCH
`FAMILY
`GENERATOR
`
`MUSICAL PHRASE
`GENERATOR
`
`~36
`
`30
`\
`(
`
`~40
`
`/34
`
`MUSICAL MOMENT
`GENERATOR
`
`1!4 2
`
`OUTPUT PORT
`
`~38
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0001
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 1 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`DEFINITION OF MUSICAL MOMENTS
`
`DEFINITION OF TWO FAMILIES OF NOTE PITCHES
`
`14
`
`FORMATION OF SUCCESSIONS OF MUSICAL NOTES OR PHRASES WITHOUT TWO
`CONSECUTIVE NOTES WHICH ARE EXCLUSIVELY IN THE SECOND FAMILY
`
`16
`
`OUTPUT OF SIGNAL REPRESENTATIVE OF NOTE PITCHES OF EACH SUCCESSION
`
`20
`
`FIG. 1
`
`30
`\
`(
`
`~40
`
`/34
`
`MUSICAL MOMENT
`GENERATOR
`
`(4 2
`
`OUTPUT PORT
`
`~38
`
`FIG. 2
`
`(32
`
`NOTE PITCH
`FAMILY
`GENERATOR
`
`MUSICAL PHRASE
`GENERATOR
`
`~36
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0002
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 14, 2003
`
`Sheet 2 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`DETERMINATION OF SHORTEST NOTE DURATION AND MAXIMUM INTERVAL
`BETWEEN CONSECUTIVE NOTE PITCHES
`
`\
`
`102
`
`DETERMINATION OF BARS, ELEMENTS, BEATS, POSITIONS
`
`DETERMINATION OF A DENSITY VALUE FOR EACH POSITION
`(OR LOCATION) OF EACH ELEMENT
`
`106
`
`GENERATION OF RHYTHMIC CADENCE
`
`COPY OF RHYTHMIC CADENCE
`
`DETERMINATION OF TWO FAMILIES OF NOTE PITCHES
`
`ASSIGNMENT OF NOTE PITCH TO EACH NOTE OF EACH MUSICAL PHRASE
`ACCORDING TO THE FAMILIES OF NOTE PITCHES
`
`j
`112B
`
`ASSIGNMENT OF A NOTE PITCH TO THE LAST NOTE OF A MUSICAL PHRASE
`-----------~------- 116
`
`FIG. 3
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0003
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 3 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`NUMBER OF LOCATIONS PER BEAT
`
`NUMBER OF BEATS PER BAR
`
`DURATION OF THE ELEMENTS
`
`ORCHESTRA DETERMINATION
`
`SPEED OF PERFORMANCE
`
`NO
`
`YES
`
`SELECTION OF
`CHORD SEQUENCES
`
`218
`
`MELODY RHYTHMIC CADENCE
`
`FIG. 4A
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0004
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 14,2003
`
`Sheet 4 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`DURATIONS OF THE NOTES PLAYED
`
`ARPEGGIO RHYTHMIC CADENCES
`
`228
`
`ARPEGGIO NOTE PITCHES
`
`ARPEGGIO INTENSITIES
`
`DURATIONS OF THE ARPEGGIO NOTES PLAYED
`--------...------...... 234
`
`HARMONIC CHORD RHYTHMIC CADENCES
`""'""-----___,. ____ ..... 236
`
`HARMONIC CHORD INTENSITIES
`.....__ __ ....,.... __ ___. 238
`
`CHORD INVERSIONS
`
`PLAY, TRANSMISSION TO A SYNTHESIZER
`
`242
`
`FIG. 48
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0005
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 5 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`YES
`
`DETERMINATION OF
`IMAGE SEQUENCES
`
`IMAGE PROCESSING
`DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS REPRESENTATIVE OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
`
`306
`
`PUTTING INTO CORRESPONDENCE WITH MUSIC GENERATION PARAMETERS
`
`GENERATION OF A PIECE
`'-------.-----~ 310
`
`FIG. 5
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0006
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 6 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`\
`
`401
`
`IMAGE
`INFORMATION
`SOURCE
`~403
`
`ROM
`
`\___ 405
`
`DISPLAY
`
`\__408
`
`CLOCK
`
`"\
`40 2
`
`RAM
`
`KEYBOARD
`
`\
`404
`
`'\
`407
`
`SYNTHESIZER ~
`40 9
`
`AMPLIFIER
`
`1\
`41
`
`H.P.
`
`H.P.
`
`\__ 410
`
`~410
`
`FIG. 6
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0007
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 7 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`PUTTING INTO CORRESPONDENCE WITH MUSIC GENERATION PARAMETERS
`
`GENERATION OF PART OF A PIECE
`
`FIG. 7
`
`------------------------------------------------------1
`MUSIC GENERATION INITIATION
`
`602
`
`YES
`
`DETERMINATION OF THE
`PARAMETERS SELECTED
`
`604
`
`600
`
`I
`I
`I
`
`~
`: 606
`
`---------------------------1
`
`DETERMINATION OF RANDOM PARAMETERS
`
`PUTTING INTO CORRESPONDENCE WITH MUSIC GENERATION PARAMETERS
`
`FIG. 8
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0008
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 8 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`\
`
`700
`
`ELECTRONIC
`CIRCUIT
`
`~701
`
`ROM
`
`\.__ 702
`
`PROGRAM
`SELECTION KEY
`
`\__ 703
`
`KEY FOR SWITCHING
`TO THE NEXT PIECE
`
`"\
`7 04
`
`MEMORY
`STORAGE KEY
`
`1\
`70 5
`
`TRAFFIC CONDITION
`SENSOR
`
`1\
`70 6
`
`TRAFFIC CONDITION
`SENSOR
`
`h
`70 6
`
`TRANSDUCER
`
`TRANSDUCER
`
`~ 707
`
`~
`707
`
`FIG. 9
`
`INFORMATION
`MEDIUM
`
`h
`801
`
`FIG. 10
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0009
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 9 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`ALPHANUMERIC
`KEYBOARD
`
`\___ 1107
`
`CENTRAL
`PROCESSING
`UNIT
`
`\___ 1106
`
`(1108
`
`MONITOR
`(DISPLAY) "
`
`-""
`
`(
`
`1103
`
`INPUT/
`OUTPUT
`PORT
`
`1\.
`
`,
`""
`
`.--
`
`1113\
`
`.----
`
`MIDI
`INTERFACE
`
`~
`
`ROM
`
`PROGRAM 1
`
`CADENCE SEQUENCES
`
`CHORD SEQUENCES
`
`ORCHESTRA SETTINGS
`
`BASE NOTES DATA
`
`PASSING NOTES DATA
`...
`
`MIDI CORRESPONDENCE
`...
`
`11057
`
`RAM
`
`TABLES
`(256 "POSITIONS")
`
`PLAYING VARIABLES
`...
`
`-c1104
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0010
`
`(1102
`
`CLOCK "
`
`FIG. 11
`
`1\
`
`1109
`
`'
`MIDI
`POLYPHONIC
`SYNTHESIZER
`+
`STEREOPHONIC ~11
`AMPLIFIER •
`
`LOUDSPEAKERS
`
`1112
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 10 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`BARS
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3 .. /1..16
`
`"LOCATIONS"
`
`1 ... ETC ...
`4
`3
`2
`1
`4
`3
`2
`BEATS 1
`II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I I _______ _
`\1234123412341234)
`~ONE BAR_/
`COMPRISES 4 BEATS
`OF 4 "LOCATIONS"
`
`1150
`
`..... END
`START OF THE PIECE
`II I I II I I II I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I ___ -----.
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11.. .............. UP TO ........................................................ 256
`
`"POSITIONS"
`
`1160
`
`TABLES OF ASSOCIATED VALUES
`
`CHORDS
`
`II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I I ________ _
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ................ UP TO
`.................................................. 256
`
`MELODY
`RHYTHUMIC II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I '---------
`CADENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ................ UP TO
`.................................................. 256
`(M~6~~Y) II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I I _______ _
`PITCHES
`1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 1112 ................ UPTO
`.................................................. 256
`
`tf6~~~~~ II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I I ________ _
`1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ................ UP TO
`.................................................. 256
`
`ARPEGGIO II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I 1._ ______ _
`NOTE PITCHES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ................ UP TO
`.................................................. 256
`R~~T~:IC II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I II I I I ________ _
`CADENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ................ UP TO
`.................................................. 256
`
`1170
`
`FIG. 12
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0011
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan. 14,2003
`
`Sheet 11 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`~
`1200
`
`INITIALIZATION
`OF THE SYNTHESIZER
`~
`DEFINITION OF THE SIGNATURE; HERE, BINARY BARS 1\
`OF 4 BEATS. EACH BEAT COMPRISING A MAXIMUM
`1202
`OF FOUR SEMIQUAVERS.
`
`h
`1204
`
`DEFINITION OF THE LENGTHS OF THE INTRODUCTION,
`THE COUPLET, THE REFRAIN AND THE FINALE (IN NUMBER OF BARS)
`~
`ALLOCATION, DIMENSIONING OF THE ~
`TABLES (256 POSITIONS) AND
`I \
`SETTING ALL THE VARIABLES TO ZERO
`1206
`~
`RANDOM SELECTION OF 1\
`INSTRUMENTS AND
`I \
`OF THEIR SETTINGS
`1208
`{..
`RANDOM SELECTION OF THE TEMPO; ~
`CLOCK VALUE BETWEEN 17 AND 37
`1212
`~
`SELECTION OF THE TONALITY; VALUE BETWEEN -5 AND +5, 1\
`"0" BEING ARBITRARILY THE TONE OF C MAJOR (OR A MINOR)
`1214
`t
`FIG. 13
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0012
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 12 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`1222
`
`NO
`
`RANDOM SELECTION OF ONE OF
`THE PREPROGRAMMED CHORD
`SEQUENCES
`
`WRITING OF THE CHORDS
`AND OF THEIR MODE INTO
`ALL THE POSITIONS OF THE
`COUPLET
`
`RANDOM SELECTION OF ONE OF
`THE PREPROGRAMMED CHORD
`SEQUENCES
`
`WRITING OF THE CHORDS
`AND OF THEIR MODE INTO
`ALL OF THE POSITIONS OF THE
`REFRAIN
`
`1236
`
`1238
`
`1240
`
`1242
`
`1234
`
`RANDOM SELECTION OF A SINGLE CHORD
`1226 .__F_RO_M_AL_L _TH_E C..,.HO_R_DS_AV_AI_LA_BL_E ......
`
`OK
`
`1228
`
`COPYING INTO THE 16 POSITIONS OF
`THE BAR IN QUESTION (THE ENTIRE
`BAR). HERE. ONE CHORD PER BAR
`
`1230
`
`YES
`
`FIG. 14
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0013
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 13 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`SELECTION OF THE
`DENSITY FOR EACH
`LOCATION "el" to "e4"
`
`1254
`
`1268
`
`RANDOM CHOICE
`OF ONE OF THE
`PREPROGRAMMED
`CADENCES OF 2 BARS
`
`1256
`
`SELECTION OF THE
`POSITIONS TO BE PLAYED
`AT THE LOCATIONS 1,
`THEN 2, 3, AND 4
`
`1258
`
`1262
`
`1260
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1264
`
`J=2
`THEN J=3
`AND J=4
`
`NO
`
`COPYING OF THE TWO BARS OF RHYTHMIC CADENCE
`INTO ALL OF THE BARS IN QUESTION
`
`1269
`
`~ETC ...
`
`FIG. 15
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0014
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 14 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`J=l
`LOCATION "e1"
`
`1270
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1272
`
`SELECTION OF A NOTE PITCH FROM
`1274--r' THE FAMILY OF "BASE NOTES" (NOTES
`MAKING UP THE CURRENT CHORD)
`
`1276
`
`J=J+4
`INCREMENTS OF
`4 POSITIONS
`
`1280
`
`NO
`
`NO
`
`FIG. 16
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0015
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 15 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`J=3
`LOCATIONS "e2"
`
`1270a
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1272a
`
`SELECTION OF A NOTE PITCH FROM
`THE FAMILY OF "PASSING NOTES" (NOTES
`MAKING UP THE CURRENT CHORD)
`
`127 4a
`
`1276a
`
`IS
`INTERVAL
`WITH POSSIBLE
`PREVIOUS NOTE AT
`"e3" ALLOWED?
`
`NO
`>------'
`
`J=J+4
`INCREMENTS OF
`4 POSITIONS
`
`1280a
`
`NO
`
`FIG. 17
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0016
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 16 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`l
`
`J-2
`LOCATIONS "e2" ~ 1310
`
`YES
`
`IS POSITION TO BE PLAYED? t-N_O __ __,
`
`1312
`
`1314 ~ READING OF CURRENT CHORD
`
`,------.t"' "PASSING NOTE" PITCH SELECTION r--1316
`
`BAD
`
`1318
`
`IS
`INTERVAL
`WITH PREVIOUS
`NOTE GOOD
`OR BAD?
`
`GOOD
`,,..
`RESELECTION OF THE NOTE TO BE PLAYED
`AT THE LOCATION "e3" OF THE BEAT
`(IT BECOMES A BASE NOTE) -INTERVAL
`VERIFICATION WITH PREVIOUS NOTE
`
`1320 --r-
`
`~
`~
`NO . . - - - - - - -L - - . . l ' - - - - - .
`J=J+4
`.__ INCREMENTS OF ~+-~---~ IS IT LAST LOCATION "e2"? ~ 1322
`4 POSITIONS
`)
`1324
`
`YES
`"'
`FIG. 18
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0017
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 17 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`J=4
`LOCATIONS "e4"
`
`1330
`
`YES
`
`IS POSITION TO BE PLAYED? t-N-0- - - - - - .
`
`1332
`
`NO
`
`"PASSING NOTE"
`PITCH SELECTION
`
`"PASSING NOTE"
`PITCH SELECTION
`
`BAD
`
`BAD
`
`1340
`
`RES ELECTION OF THE NOTE TO BE PLAYED
`AT THE LOCATION "e3" OF THE BEAT.
`(IT BECOMES A BASE NOTE)---+ INTERVAL
`VERIFICATION WITH PREVIOUS NOTE
`
`GOOD
`
`J=J+4
`NO
`INCREMENT OF 14------t IS IT LAST LOCATION "e4"?
`4 POSITIONS
`
`YES
`
`1342
`
`1344
`
`FIG. 19
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0018
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 18 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`~1350
`
`NO
`
`1353
`(
`CALCULATE NUMBER
`OF BLANK POSITIONS 14------<
`AFTER THE NOTE?
`
`DURATION OF THE NOTE=
`NO. OF BLANK POSITIONS t---.t
`DIVIDED BY TWO
`
`1352
`NOTE INTENSITY SELECTION
`(VALUE: 54 TO 84)
`
`1355
`
`1354
`
`1356
`
`IS NUMBER
`OF BLANK
`POSITIONS = 3?
`
`NO
`
`YES
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1360
`
`RESELECTION OF THE
`END-OF-PHRASE NOTE FROM
`THE "BASE NOTE" FAMILY
`
`1362
`
`FIG. 20
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0019
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 19 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`1370
`
`NO
`
`1372
`
`RANDOM SELECTION
`
`r----+t POSITION TO BE PLAYED
`TAKES THE VALUE "1"
`(0 FOR THE OTHERS)
`
`1374
`
`1371
`
`RANDOM CHOICE OF A
`BAR OF PRE PROGRAMMED
`"ARPEGGIO" CADENCE
`
`COPYING OF THE CADENCE BAR
`INTO EACH BAR OF THE "MOMENT"
`(COUPLET OR REFRAIN)
`
`1378
`
`1380
`
`NO
`
`IS THE POSITION TO BE PLAYED?
`("1" = PLAY "0" =REST)
`
`YES
`
`SELECTION OF AN ARPEGGIO NOTE
`FROM THE FAMILY OF "BASE NOTES"
`
`IS INTERVAL WITH PREVIOUS
`NOTE TOO LARGE?
`
`1382
`
`1384
`
`1386
`
`1387
`
`SELECTION OF AN
`INTENSITY BETWEEN
`54 AND 58
`
`1390
`
`NO
`
`FIG. 21
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0020
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 20 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`J= 1 (POSITION)
`(CHORD CADENCE TABLE)
`
`1400
`
`YES
`
`1404
`
`NO
`
`VALUE "0" IN THE
`RHYTHMIC CHORD
`CADENCE TABLE
`
`1406
`
`1408
`
`VALUE "1" IN THE
`RHYTHMIC CHORD
`CADENCE TABLE
`
`1410
`
`SELECTION OF THE INTENSITY,
`VALUE BETWEEN 54 AND 94
`
`SELECTION OF AN
`INVERSION TYPE
`1, 2 OR 3
`
`1411
`
`NO
`
`1414
`
`COPYING OF THE CADENCE AND
`INTENSITY VALUES INTO THE
`ENTIRE "MOMENT"
`(COUPLET/REFRAIN)
`
`1416
`
`FIG. 22
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1027-0021
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 21 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`CONFIGURATION OF THE SYNTHESIZER SENDING OF
`INSTRUMENTATION AND EFFECT-SETTING PARAMETERS
`
`1420
`
`STARTING THE CLOCK
`
`1422
`
`READING THE VALUES AT THE
`POSITION J OF ALL THE TABLES
`
`1426
`
`MIDI PROTOCOL TRANSMISSION OF
`READ VALUES TO THE SYNTHESIZER
`
`1428
`
`WAIT UNTIL t=t+20
`
`1430
`
`1431
`
`IS THE "MOMENT" REPEATED?
`INTRO/COUPLET/REFRAIN
`1434
`1437 ~....-_o_R_F_I N_AL ..... E_(c_o_D_ER_) _
`NO
`
`......
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`IS IT THE END OF THE PIECE?
`
`1436
`
`INTRODUCTION:
`J=J-32
`COUPLET:
`J=J-(Bx16)
`REFRAIN:
`J=J-(8x16)
`CODA:
`J=J-(Bx16)
`
`1435
`
`1438
`
`FIG. 23
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0022
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 22 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`CURRENT BEAT ...
`
`B [L] ~ ~
`
`BASE NOTE
`
`1 0
`
`3
`
`4
`
`NOTHING BEFORE,
`
`NOTHING AFTER
`
`CURRENT BEAT ...
`
`P[L]~;
`1 0
`
`3
`
`4
`
`PASSING NOTE
`
`NOTE AFTER
`NOTHING BEFORE,
`"e3" BECOMES BASE NOTE
`
`CURRENT BEAT ...
`
`B n ~
`
`BASE NOTE
`
`3
`
`4
`
`1 0
`
`NOTE BEFORE,
`
`NOTHING AFTER
`
`CURRENT BEAT ...
`
`p n )
`
`PASSING NOTE
`
`3
`
`4
`
`1 0
`
`NOTE AFTER
`NOTE BEFORE,
`"e3" BECOMES BASE NOTE
`
`FIG. 24
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0023
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jan.14,2003
`
`Sheet 23 of 23
`
`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`CURRENT BEAT
`
`NEXT BEAT
`
`B [l] ~ [E]
`
`BASE NOTE
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3 0
`
`NOTHING BEFORE,
`
`NOTHING AFTER
`
`CURRENT BEAT
`
`NEXT BEAT
`SAME CHORD,
`OTHERWISE
`BASE NOTE
`
`)
`
`1
`
`2
`
`P[l]~
`3 0
`
`PASSING NOTE
`
`NOTHING BEFORE,
`
`NOTE AFTER
`
`CURRENT BEAT
`
`NEXT BEAT
`
`B n [E]
`
`BASE NOTE
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3 0
`
`NOTHING AFTER
`NOTE BEFORE,
`"e3" BECOMES BASE NOTE
`
`CURRENT BEAT
`
`NEXT BEAT
`
`p n )
`
`PASSING NOTE
`
`3 0
`
`SAME CHORD,
`OTHERWISE
`BASE NOTE
`
`2
`
`1
`
`NOTE AFTER
`NOTE BEFORE,
`"e3" BECOMES BASE NOTE
`
`FIG. 25
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0024
`
`

`

`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`1
`AUTOMATIC MUSIC GENERATING
`METHOD AND DEVICE
`
`This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §365
`oflnternationalApplication PCT/FR99/02262, filed Sep. 23, 5
`1999, which was published in accordance with PCT Article
`21(2) on Mar. 30, 2000 in French, and which claims the
`benefit of French Application No. 9812460, filed Sep. 24,
`1998 and French Application No. 9908278, filed Jun. 23,
`1999.
`
`2
`According to further particular characteristics, during the
`operation of defining two families of note pitches, the
`second family includes at least the pitches, of a scale whose
`mode has been defined, which are not in the first family.
`By virtue of these arrangements, the definition of the
`families is easy and the alternation of notes of the two
`families is harmonious.
`According to further particular characteristics, during the
`operation of forming at least one succession of notes having
`10 at least two notes, each musical phrase is defined as a set of
`notes the starting times of which are not mutually separated,
`in pairs, by more than a predetermined duration.
`By virtue of these arrangements, a musical phrase
`consists, for example, of notes the starting times of which
`15 are not separated by more than three semiquavers (or
`sixteenth notes).
`According to further particular characteristics, the music
`generation procedure furthermore includes an operation of
`inputting values representative of physical quantities and in
`20 that at least one of the operations of defining musical
`moments, by definition of two families of note pitches,
`formed from at least one succession of notes, is based on the
`value of at least one value of a physical quantity.
`By virtue of these arrangements, the musical piece may be
`25 put into relationship with a physical event, such as an image,
`a movement, a shape, a sound, a keyed input, phases of a
`game whose physical quantity is representative, etc.
`According to a second aspect, the subject of the invention
`is an automatic music generation system, characterized in
`30 that it comprises:
`a means of defining musical moments during which at
`least four notes are capable of being played;
`a means of defining two families of note pitches, for each
`musical moment, the second family of note pitches
`having at least one note pitch which is not in the first
`family;
`a means of forming at least one succession of notes having
`at least two notes, each succession of notes being called
`a musical phrase, in which succession, for each
`moment, each note whose pitch belongs exclusively to
`the second family is surrounded exclusively by notes of
`the first family; and
`a means of outputting a signal representative of each note
`pitch of each said succession.
`The subject of the present invention, according to a third
`aspect, is a music generation procedure, characterized in that
`it comprises:
`an operation of processing information representative of a
`physical quantity during which at least one value of a
`parameter called a "control parameter" is generated;
`an operation of associating each control parameter with at
`least one parameter called a "music generation param(cid:173)
`eter" each corresponding to at least one note to be
`played during a musical piece; and
`a music generation operation using each music generation
`parameter to generate a musical piece.
`By virtue of these arrangements, not only may a note
`depend on a physical quantity, as in a musical instrument,
`60 but a music generation parameter relating to at least one note
`to be played depends on a physical quantity.
`According to particular characteristics, the music genera(cid:173)
`tion operation comprises, successively:
`an operation of automatically determining a musical
`structure composed of moments comprising bars (or
`mesures), each bar having times and each time having
`note start locations;
`
`45
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to an automatic music
`generation procedure and system. It applies, in particular, to
`the broadcasting of background music, to teaching media, to
`telephone on-hold music, to electronic games, to toys, to
`music synthesizers, to computers, to camcorders, to alarm
`devices, to musical telecommunication and, more generally,
`to the illustration of sounds and to the creation of music.
`The music generation procedures and systems currently
`known use a library of stored musical sequences which serve
`as a basis for manipulating automatic random assemblies.
`These systems have three main types of drawback:
`firstly, the musical variety resulting from the manipulation
`of existing musical sequences is necessarily very lim(cid:173)
`ited;
`secondly, the manipulation of parameters is limited to the
`interpretation of the assembly of sequences: tempo,
`volume, transposition, instrumentation; and
`finally, the memory space used by the "templates"
`(musical sequences) is generally very large (several
`megabytes).
`These drawbacks limit the applications of the currently
`known music generation systems to the non-professional 35
`illustration of sounds and to didactic music.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention intends to remedy these drawbacks.
`For this purpose, the subject of the present invention, 40
`according to a first aspect, is an automatic music generation
`procedure, characterized in that it comprises:
`an operation of defining musical moments during which at
`least four notes are capable of being played;
`an operation of defining two families of note pitches, for
`each musical moment, the second family of note
`pitches having at least one note pitch which is not in the
`first family;
`an operation of forming at least one succession of notes 50
`having at least two notes, each succession of notes
`being called a musical phrase, in which succession,
`based on a phrase of at least three notes, each note
`whose pitch belongs exclusively to the second family is
`surrounded exclusively by notes of the first family; and 55
`an operation of outputting a signal representative of each
`note pitch of each said succession.
`By virtue of these arrangements, the succession of note
`pitches has both a very rich variety, since the number of
`successions that can be generated in this way is several
`thousands, and harmonic coherence, since the polyphony
`generated is governed by constraints.
`According to particular characteristics during the opera(cid:173)
`tion of defining two families of note pitches, for each
`musical moment, the first family is defined as a set of note 65
`pitches belonging to the current harmonic chord duplicated
`from octave to octave.
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0025
`
`

`

`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`3
`an operation of automatically determining densities, prob(cid:173)
`abilities of the start of a note to be played, these being
`associated with each location; and
`an operation of automatically determining rhythmic
`cadences according to densities.
`According to particular characteristics, the music genera(cid:173)
`tion operation comprises:
`an operation of automatically determining harmonic
`chords which are associated with each location;
`an operation of automatically determining families of note 10
`pitches according to the rhythmic chord which is asso(cid:173)
`ciated with a location; and
`an operation of automatically selecting a note pitch asso(cid:173)
`ciated with each location corresponding to the start of 15
`a note to be played, according to said families and to
`rules of predetermined composition.
`According to further particular characteristics, the music
`generation operation comprises:
`an operation of automatically selecting orchestral instru- 20
`ments;
`an operation of automatically determining a tempo;
`an operation of automatically determining the overall
`tonality of the piece;
`an operation of automatically determining an intensity for
`each location corresponding to the start of a note to be
`played;
`an operation of automatically determining the duration of
`each note to be played;
`an operation of automatically determining rhythmic
`cadences of arpeggios; and/or
`an operation of automatically determining rhythmic
`cadences of accompaniment chords.
`According to particular characteristics, during the music 35
`generation operation each density depends on said tempo
`(speed of performing the piece).
`According to a fourth aspect, the subject of the invention
`is a music generation procedure which takes into account a
`family of descriptors, each descriptor relating to several 40
`possible start locations of notes to be played in a musical
`piece, said procedure comprising, for each descriptor, an
`operation of selecting a value, characterized in that, for at
`least some of said descriptors, said value depends on at least
`one physical quantity.
`According to a fifth aspect, the subject of the present
`invention is a music generation system, characterized in that
`it comprises:
`a means of processing information representative of a
`physical quantity designed to generate at least one 50
`value of a parameter called a "control parameter";
`a means of associating each control parameter with at
`least one parameter called a "music generation param(cid:173)
`eter" each corresponding to at least one note to be
`played during a musical piece;
`a music generation means using each music generation
`parameter to generate a musical piece.
`According to a sixth aspect, the subject of the invention
`is a music generation system which takes into account a
`family of descriptors, each descriptor relating to several 60
`possible start locations of notes to be played in a musical
`piece, characterized in that it comprises a means for
`selecting, for each descriptor, a value dependent on at least
`one physical quantity.
`By virtue of each of these arrangements, the music 65
`generated is consistent and pleasant to listen to, since the
`musical parameters are linked together by constraints. In
`
`4
`addition, the music generated is neither "gratuitous", nor
`accidental, nor entirely random. It corresponds to external
`physical quantities and may even be made without any
`human assistance, by the acquisition of values of physical
`5 quantities.
`The subject of the present invention, according to a
`seventh aspect, is a music generation procedure, character(cid:173)
`ized in that it comprises:
`a music generation initiation operation;
`an operation of selecting control parameters;
`an operation of associating each control parameter with at
`least one parameter called a "music generation param(cid:173)
`eter" corresponding to at least two notes to be played
`during a musical piece; and
`a music generation operation using each music generation
`parameter to generate a musical piece.
`According to particular characteristics, the initiation
`operation comprises an operation of connection to a
`network, for example the Internet network.
`According to further particular characteristics, the initia(cid:173)
`tion operation comprises an operation of reading a sensor.
`According to further particular characteristics, the initia(cid:173)
`tion operation comprises an operation of selecting a type of
`25 musiC.
`According to further particular characteristics, the initia(cid:173)
`tion operation comprises an operation of selecting musical
`parameters by a user.
`According to further particular characteristics, the music
`generation operation comprises, successively:
`an operation of automatically determining a musical
`structure composed of moments comprising bars, each
`bar having beats and each beat having note start loca-
`tions;
`an operation of automatically determining densities, prob(cid:173)
`abilities of the start of a note to be played, these being
`associated with each location;
`an operation of automatically determining rhythmic
`cadences according to densities.
`According to further particular characteristics, the music
`generation operation comprises:
`an operation of automatically determining harmonic
`chords which are associated with each location;
`an operation of automatically determining families of note
`pitches according to the chord associated with a
`location, with the position of this location within the
`beat of one bar, with the occupancy of the adjacent
`positions and with the presence of the possible adjacent
`notes;
`an operation of automatically selecting a note pitch asso(cid:173)
`ciated with each location corresponding to the start of
`a note to be played, according to said families and to
`predetermined composition rules.
`According to further particular characteristics, the music
`generation operation comprises:
`an operation of automatically selecting orchestral instru(cid:173)
`ments;
`an operation of automatically determining a tempo;
`an operation of automatically determining the overall
`tonality of the piece;
`an operation of automatically determining an intensity for
`each location corresponding to the start of a note to be
`played;
`an operation of automatically determining the duration of
`each note to be played;
`
`30
`
`45
`
`55
`
`Verizon Wireless
`Exhibit 1 027-0026
`
`

`

`US 6,506,969 Bl
`
`5
`an operation of automatically determining rhythmic
`cadences of arpeggios; and/or
`an operation of automatically determining rhythmic
`cadences of accompaniment chords.
`According to further particular characteristics, during the 5
`music generation operation each density depends on said
`tempo (speed of performing the piece).
`According to an eighth aspect, the subject of the present
`invention is a music generation system characterized in that
`it comprises:
`a music generation initiation means;
`a means of selecting control parameters;
`a means of associating each control parameter with at
`least one parameter called a "music generation param(cid:173)
`eter" corresponding to at least two notes to be played
`during a musical piece;
`a music generation means using each music generation
`parameter to generate a musical piece.
`According to a ninth aspect, the subject of the present
`invention is a musical coding procedure, characterized in
`that the coded parameters are representative of a density, of
`a rhythmic cadence and/or of families of notes.
`By virtue of each of these arrangements, the generated
`music is consistent and pleasant to listen to, since the 25
`musical parameters are linked together by control param(cid:173)
`eters. In addition, the music generated is neither "gratuitous"
`nor accidental, nor entirely random. It corresponds to control
`parameters and may even be made without any human
`assistance, by means of sensors.
`These second to ninth aspects of the invention have the
`same particular characteristics and the advantages as the first
`aspect. These are therefore not repeated here.
`The subject of the invention is also a compact disc, an
`information medium, a modem, a computer and its 35
`peripherals, an alarm, a toy, an electronic game, an elec(cid:173)
`tronic gadget, a postcard, a music box, a camcorder, an
`image/sound recorder, a musical electronic card, a music
`transmitter, a music generator, a teaching book, a work of
`art, a radio transmitter, a television transmitter, a television 40
`receiver, an audio cassette player, an audio cassette player/
`recorder, a video cassette player, a video cassette player/
`recorder, a telephone, a telephone answering machine and a
`telephone switchboard, characterized in that they comprise
`a system as succinctly explained above.
`The subject of the invention is also a digital sound card,
`an electronic music generation card, an electronic cartridge
`(for example for video games), an electronic chip, an
`image/sound editing table, a computer, a terminal, computer
`peripherals, a video camera, an image recorder, a sound 50
`recorder, a microphone, a compact disc, a magnetic tape, an
`analog or digital information medium, a music transmitter,
`a music generator, a teaching book, a teaching digital data
`medium, a work of art,