FILE HISTORY
`US 5,915,210
`
`5,915,210
`PATENT:
`INVENTORS: Cameron, Dennis Wayne
`Roehr, Jr., Walter Charles
`Bhagat, Jai P.
`Garahi, Masood
`Hays, William D.
`Ackerman, David W.
`
`TITLE:
`
`Method and system for providing
`multicarrier simulcast transmission
`
`APPLICATION
`NO:
`FILED:
`ISSUED:
`
`US1997899476A
`
`24 JUL 1997
`22 JUN 1999
`
`COMPILED:
`
`19 AUG 2013
`
`TMO1002
`
`

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`5915210
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`Label
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`

`08!760,457
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING MULTICARRIER
`SIMULCAST TRANSMISSION
`
`Transaction History
`D-ate
`Transaction Descri . tion
`12-06-1996
`
`
`
`Prelimin Amendment
`Prelimin Amendment
`Initial Exam Team nn
`01-03-1997
`02-21-1997 A. lication Calmd on Microfilm
`
`Case Docketed to Examiner in GAU
`04-25-1997 Mail Notice of Allowance
`
`
`04—25-1997 Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed
`04-25-1997 Mail Examiner's Amendment
`04—25-1997
`
`
`
`03-25-1998 Abandonment for Failure to Correct Drawinj/OatthonPub R uest
`04-09-1998 Abandonment for Purposes of Filing an FWC - File Combined with Child
`
`Afllication
`
`4
`
`

`

`
`
`5,915,210
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING MULTICARRIER
`
`SIMULCAST TRANSMISSION
`
`07-24499?
`
`Transaction History
`
`Transaction Dese1jp_ti_on
`Prelimin Amendment
`Initial Exam Team on
`IFW Sean & PACR Auto Securi Review
`
`599-12499? Amendment after Notice of Allowance {Bole 3 IE)
`09-12-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement DS Filed
`09-12-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement (IDS Filed
`09-15-1997 A. .lication Di- natehed from OIPE
`lDS Filed
`12-19-1997
`Infomation Disclosure Statement
`12-19-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement IDS Filed
`04-09-1998
`Case Docketed to Examiner in GAU
`0446,1998 Mail Notice of Allowance
`04-16-1998 Notice of Allowance Data Verification Coin leted
`
`04-16-1998 Mail Examiner's Amendment
`04-16- i998
`Examiner's Amendment Communication
`06-16-1998
`Issue Fee Pa merit Verified
`
`06-16-1998 Mailroom Date of Drawings)
`06-19-1998 A. . lieation Ordered to Match Drawin_(s
`06-19-1998
`Drawin__ 5 Received at Publications
`
`LEG-244998
`implication Received to Match Drawingjg)
`
`07-28-1993 Drawin_s Processin_ Comleted
`07-28-1998 Drawin s Matched to A iieation
`
`09-15-1998 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`
`09-23-1998 Mail Re ionse to 312 Amendment [PTO-271)
`09—23-1998 Res onse to Amendment under Rule 3 12
`01-06-1999 Maitroom Date of Drawin 1 5
`01-08-1999
`Drawi_ng_{s) Received at Publications
`06-1 1-1999
`Issue Notification Mailed
`0642-1999 Recordation of Patent Grant Mailed
`10-27-1999
`Post Issue Communication - Certificate of Correction
`
`
`
`5
`
`

`

`
`
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`INDEX OF CLAIMS
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`INDEX OF CLAIMS
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`United States Patent
`Cameron et 11!.
`
`[19]
`
`[5'11
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING
`MULTICARRIER SIMULCAST
`TRANSMISSION
`
`[15]
`
`Inventors: Dunk Wayne Camamn. Jacksun,
`M11554 Walter Charles Raehr. In.
`Raster]. V11.;J|l P. Bhagnt. Jackson.
`Mia's; MIL-mud Gnnhl, Mldimn.
`Miss; WIIIInm D. Hays. Jacltsun.
`Miss; David W4 Ankarmnn,
`Washinglou. DJ:
`[73] Assign“: Deiliueer Commllnn. Jackson. Min
`[21]
`[22]
`
`Mpl. Not: 081399.475
`Filcd:
`Jul. 2-1. 1997
`
`i511
`1521
`I53]
`
`I551
`
`Related Us. Applluaflon Data
`[63] Continuation of application No. WEDAST, Def. 5. 1996.
`abandoned. which 1‘: a mntiuuation of Ippliuliun Nth
`01,913,915. Nov. 12, 1992 p11 Na. 55911303.
`1111.0.“
`H343 1150
`
`Us. Cl.
`455139. 455E101: 455F103
`,
`
`Field of Search
`455502. 503.
`4551507. 509. 515. 515. 517. 524. 59. 60.
`112, 13. 117.1. 61.3. 67.6. 101. 102. 103;
`3751260, 261. 299; 3701343. 344
`Rgflmnues Clted
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`KIWI] Elna; .
`10(1975 Seidcl .
`931980 Hullori at al.. 455.159
`1119111 Hakim.
`-41.. 455.6“
`1:193] Kli ,......
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`3.48-8.45
`3.9! 4.554
`4.13.105
`1,144,047
`41392.24?
`
`m
`
`USUOSQISZ]GA
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`[1 ll
`[45]
`
`Patent Number:
`Date of Patent:
`
`5,915,210
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`.‘ «55:59
` .........1-. 455159
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`1.11mi f.“ .t W 4 M 455151 1
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`4551101
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`ABSTRACT
`
`[211934
`$390,830
`331955
`4,506,181!
`2.919%
`$570.365
`10111157
`4,101,753
`7(1999
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`1111990
`1,953,951:
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`5,163,181
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`EILEEN
`5,313,499
`2.11995
`5,392,452
`411m
`5,904,733
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`wo 9111114314
`41111911 Eumpm P11. on“
`wotnnstss 1111991 W0
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`Primary Examiner—“ml: Cong 1.:
`Anamey, Agent, or Fim—Finmgau. chdumun. Farahow.
`Gama! £1. Dunner
`1511
`A two-way cummum'calion system [or mlmnnimlion
`bclwnetn 11 system nmmdn and a mobilc unit. The syslum
`nelwnrk includes I plumlily of has: transmitlas and base
`waivers include in the notwnrk. The base transmiltm are
`divided into mm] assignments and broadcast in simulcast
`using multi-cmier modulation techniqm.'1‘he system nut-
`WOrk controls tbi has: ”anamjllcrs In bmndcast in suimtll-
`casl during bulb systcmwidl: and mm: boundaries lo maxi-
`mizr;
`informaticm throughout. Tho prafcrrcd mn'bilc unit
`inlcudes I noise. detector mount la prawn] unwanted ers-
`missions. The syswrn network furthel provides 111 adaptive
`ngistralion feature for mobile units which controls the
`registration upcralion by 1b» mobile units In maximizt
`inl'mmalinn IhrmtghouL
`
`19 Claims. 30 Drawing Shem
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`RECEIVER
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`13
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 1 of 30
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`5,915,210
`
`Ff 6‘. l
`more ART
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`Honsmilie:
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`Transmil Iex
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`14
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`14
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 2 01'3“
`
`5,915,210
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`15
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 22, 1999
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`5,915,210
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`U.S. Patent
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`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 4 of 30
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`5,915,210
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`US. Patent
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`Jun. 22, 1999
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`5,915,210
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 7 of30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 7
`
`TOG
`
`TUE
`
`704
`
`Generating a system information
`signal which includes a piuraiity Di
`blocks of information
`
`Transmitting the system information
`signal to the piurality of transmitters
`
`Transmitting by the first and second
`
`time period
`
`sets of transmitters a first block of
`informatinn in simulcast during the first
`
`703
`
`
`
`TOE
`
`iii}
`
`Transmitting by the first set at
`transmitters a second block of
`inlormatiun during the second
`time period
`
`lime period
`
`Transmitting try the second set of
`transmitters a third block of
`intormatinn during the seccnd
`
`20
`
`20
`
`

`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`J on. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 8 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 8
`
`300
`
`
`
` Transmitting a message signal by a
`302
`base transmitter servicing a zone
`
`where the mobile transceiver weelast
`known to be located
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 304
`
`Transmitting a regional probe signal
`by a plurality of base transmitters
`servicing a plurality of zones it the
`mobile transceiver does not indicate
`receipt of the message signal from the
`base transmitter
`
`
`
`
`
`306
`
` Receiving the regional probe signal by
`
`
`the mobile transceiver
`
`
`
`
` SUE
`Transmitting an acknowledgment
`signal by the mobile transceiver in
`
`response to the received regional
`probe signal
`
`
`
`
`Receiving the acknowledgment signal
`
`
`item the mobile transceiver by a base
`
`receiver
`
`
`
`BIG
`
`3‘
`
`Updating the data to reflect the zone
`
`
`ot the base receiver that received the
`
`acknowledgment signal as the last
`
`
`
`known location of the mobile
`
`transceiver
`
`
`
`313
`
`21
`
`21
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`

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`tnRaPamU
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`Jun. '22, 1999
`
`Sheet 9 of 30
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`5,915,210
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`sum 10 of 30
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`5,915,210
`
`FIG. /0
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`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 11 of 3|]
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 11
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL1
`
`1102
`
`I
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`1100
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`CONTROL
`SIGNAL n
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`1110
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`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 2
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`STGNAL 3
`
`
` MODULATOR
`
`24
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`24
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`

`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 12 mm
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 12
`
`F1
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAU —+ 1202
`
`SN PHASE
`OUADHATURE
`
`
`
`
`1;
`1204
`1N PHASE
`
`CONTROL
`S1GNAL2
`
`1200
`
`/
`
`1210
`
`
`QUADRATUHE
`
`CONTROL
`
`SIGNALS —i 1205
`IN PHASE
`
`OUADRATUHE
`
`
`
`
`1208
`
`
`IN PHASE
`
`OUADRATURE
`
`
`i
`
`FOUR CARRIER OUADRATURE MODULATOR
`
`25
`
`F2
`
`F3
`
`F4
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL-1
`
`25
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 13 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`
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`EEEmcmfimmmm
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`

`
`
`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 14 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`5....
`
`55:60.2
`
`32
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`
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`
`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 15 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`
`
`
`
`Eamomcmfi250E
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`Non.
`
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`

`tnetaP.
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 16 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`g0Downs:
`
`mm:
`
`
`
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`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 17 nf3l]
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. /7
`
`Mobile Receiver
`
`ITUO
`
`ITOS
`
`Receiver
`
`
`
`[708
`
`Storage Logic
`
` Display and
` l5|0
`
`Annuncialor
`
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`
`
`
`Display
`
`
`Controls
`
`
`
`30
`
`30
`
`

`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 18 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`mos
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`
`Anaiog
`Receiver
`
`IBOE
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 19 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. I?
`
`ISUD
`
`
`Error
`
`
`Correction
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`32
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`

`5,915,210
`
`mmmnflmo
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`
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`Jun. 22. 1999
`
`Sheet 20 of 30
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`398
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`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 22 M30
`
`5,915,210
`
`2|02
`
`FIG‘. 2/
`
`304
`
`Last
`
`ms
`
`
`
`Transmit
`
`2'00
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ZIDE
`
`2H0
`
`
`
`
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`_______________ l-____
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`
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`
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`
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`
`
`.-__._.__._.——ua_u———-____
`
`[Rec'd
`
`
`
`User Database
`
`34
`
`34
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 22 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`39m5dz
`
`8mm
`
`
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`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 23 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 23
`
`Service Queue
`
`Current Messages
`
`
`
`36
`
`36
`
`

`

`tn.waPQMnu
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 24 0f 30
`
`5,915,210
`
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`
`

`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.22,1999
`
`Sheet 26 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 26
`
`
`Transmitting substantially
`
`
`simultaneously a first information
`
`
`signal and a second information
`signal, the first information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by a
`first set of base transmitters
`assigned to a first zone. and the
`second information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by a second
`set of base transmitters assigned to a
`second zone
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2500
`
`2302
`
`
`
`Dynamically reassigning one or more
`
`
`of the base transmitters in the first set
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of base transmitters assigned to the
`first zone to the second set of base
`transmitters assigned to the second
`zone, thereby creating an updated
`first set of base transmitters and an
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`
`
`2604
`
`
`Transmitting substantially
`. simultaneously a third information
`
`
`signal and a fourth information signal,
`
`
`the third information signal being
`
`
`transmitted in simulcast by the
` 2605
`
`updated first set of base transmitters.
`and the fourth information signal
`
`
`being transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated second set of base
`
`transmitters
`
`
`
`39
`
`39
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, I999
`
`Sheet 27 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`SE
`
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`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 28 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 28M}
`
`2800
`
` Send a message to disable the
`
`
`registration feature
`
`
`
`
`Store the number of probe
`signals sent and a number of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`messages successfully
`delivered
`
`2802
`
`2804
`
` Process the stored number of
`
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`messages succesfully
`delivered to evaluate a
`
`
`
`
`
` ZEUS
`
`
`
`
`likelihood that a probe signal
`will be required to be sent by
`the network to locate the mobile
`transceiver
`
`
`
`
`transceiver's capability to
`
`
`
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`unit to enable the mobile
`2808
`
`
`transmit a registration signal it
`
`
`the likelihood exceeds a
`selected value
`
`
`41
`
`41
`
`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 29 MM
`
`5,915,210
`
`F16'. 28/3)
`
`Send a message to enable the
`registration feature
`
`28”]
`
`28!?
`
`Store the number of registration
`signals received and a number
`of messages successfully
`delivered
`
`28M
`
`Process the stored number at
`
`registration signals and
`number of messages
`succestully delivered to
`evaluate a likelihood that a
`
`registration signal will be
`received by a base receiver in
`the network that will not be
`used by the network to
`determine a set of base
`
`ZBIE
`
`transmitters to be operated to
`transmit a message to the
`mobile transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`transceiver's capability to
`transmit a registration signal it
`
`the likelihood exceeds a
`selected value
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Send a. message to the mobile
`unit to disable the mobile
`
`Lasts
`
`42
`
`42
`
`

`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jflfi. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 30 uf30
`
`5,915,210
`
`«mamME
`
`$36m
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`

`

`
`
`1
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDENCE
`WLTICARRIER SIMULCAST
`TRANSMISSION
`
`5.915210
`
`2
`merely equal. problems can arise because destructive inter-
`Eerenne of signals occurs in these overlap areas such as areas
`D, E. and F. Dutrttclive interference occurs when the two
`signals are equal in magnitude and 130" out of phase and
`completely cancel each other. While there were some
`successes. reliable design procedures were not available.
`Attempting to precisely synchronize the carrier frequen—
`cies of all simulcast tramrnilters does not overcome the
`problem because points (in. nodes) at which desu‘ttcu‘ve
`summing occurred persisted for long periods of time. At
`such points. a awhile receiver can not receive tho simulcast
`signal.
`Deliberately od'selt‘ing the carrier Eteque notes of adjacent
`transmitters can ensure that destructive interference does not
`persist It onepoint for an extended period of time. The slight
`errors in frequency displayed by high quality reference
`oscillators (6.5.. 21] hertz onors in 100 MHz signals or a few
`parts in 107) render deliberate oEoelling unnecessary.
`Further. merely odlsetting the carrier frequencies could not
`guaranleo acceptable quality demodulation because proper
`alignment of tho modulating signals in time is also required.
`FIG. 1 displays the situation at. for example. point D in
`FIG. 1 when modulating waveforms are synchronized and
`includes coverage boundary 2oz floor a first transmitter and
`a second [tartan-litter nova-age boundary ZIH from a second
`adjacent
`transmitter. An soul-signal boundary 2M exists
`where the signals Eton: the first and nomad transmitters have
`approximately equal signal alreng‘lha. A more realistic equi-
`signal boundary mule. tattle into account natural and Ian-
`olade topography and propagation conditions. and therefore
`would probably not be a straight line.
`FIGS. 3 and 4 generally illustrate various signals as they
`may occur at or near the equiasignal boundary 200 as shown
`in FIG. 2. in particular. F165. 3 and 4 illustrate various
`aspccts of modulation synchronization and how altering
`tnnsmiztsion parameters may alfeet the synchronization. In
`general.
`there are at least three sources which came the
`signals from the first transmitter and the second transmitter
`to he out of synchronization: (1)Lirning shifla in the delivery
`of the modulating waveform to each of the transmitters; (2)
`timing shills internal to each transmitter. and (3) timing
`shifla caused by propagation distances and anomalies. From
`the perspective nis receiver located in an overlap area. these
`three sources of timingsltifiseomhine to produce an overall
`liming Shifts human the received signals from the firat and
`sound usrsrrnitlers.
`In current commercial practice. the
`summation of these three components results in time shifts
`of about m0 microseconds. The tinting thifi present
`in
`simulcast systems diaadvantageously limits the baud rate at
`which inionnation may be transferred. to gelcral. FIGS. 3
`and 4 will also illustrate how timing shifts prevents tun:
`baud rate transmissions
`A time line representation of a signal 3136 from a first
`transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(a) and a signal 308 from a
`second transmitter is shown in FIG. 30!). both from the
`perspective ofa receiver located in an overlap area Vertical
`dashed lines 300 represent baud intervals on the time axis.
`As can beseerr from F163. “Aland (Bl. theaignalaalfli Ind
`Jud are fiequenoy modulated between a high and a low
`frequency value and the signals 3M and 308 are exactly in
`phase As will be appreciated, the timing mill betwecn
`signals 306 and 308 must be small when compared to the
`baud interval shown in FIGSJM) and lb) since signalthtfi
`and 308 are in synchronization. Of course. as the baud
`interval decreases. the tinting shifts will likely cause signals
`3% and 305 to be out of synchronisation.
`
`5
`
`to
`
`Is
`
`35
`
`I15
`
`50
`
`55
`
`till
`
`This applicalinn '5 a conunuation of application Ser. No.
`03.061457. filed Dec. 6. ”96. now abandoned. which is a
`Rule 60 coolinunlintt of prior application Ser. No. BTW].
`out, filed Nov. 12, 1992. now US. Pat. Nor 5.590.103.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`A. Field of the invention
`The present invention relates to methods and systems Eur
`providing two-way communication capability between a
`central network and a mobile unit over a relatively large
`area. cod more panimlarly to such methods and systems
`which allow for rapid mmmurticarinn nflarge messages and
`efict'ent use ofsystem resources.
`3. Description of the Related Art
`Conventional two-way portablel‘toobile wireless messag-
`ing systems often provide a variety of services to suhsm'h-
`ers. Conventional messaging systems in particular provide
`one-way services using attire and forward techniques to
`mobile receivers carried by the subscriber. A Eundarnentttl
`goal of two-way messaging systems is to provides network
`of interconnected transmitters and receivers which provides
`suflficient transmitted signal strength and receive capability
`to uniformly cover a geographic region. Some conventional
`messaging systems provide the message to the W! on a
`small viewing screen on the mobile unit.
`However. such conventional systems often stiller from
`problems associated with low system throughput. evidenced
`by slow message delivery and message sine limitation: and
`do not provide an acknowledgment feature wherein the
`mobile unit
`transmits an acknowledgment signal to tha
`syntem to acknowledge receipt of the message from the
`system. Generally. system throughput refers to overall com-
`munication capability of a system as defined by the total
`amount of manage data from the starter-rt to the mobile units
`transferred by the system during a given period of lime
`divided by the frequency bandwidth necessary to transnit
`the message data and may be measured in bits transferred
`per H1. Further. such conventional systems outlet from
`technical problems preventing consistent Wide area cover-
`age and would require extremely wide portion of valuable
`frequency bandwidth to achieve acceptable swtem through-
`put rates.
`technology in onutntunirntlon systems was
`Simulcast
`originally developed to extend transmitter coverage beyond
`that which could be obtained from a aiogle transmitter. Over
`time. however. simulczsling has flowed into a technique
`capable of providing continuous coverage In a large area.
`Generally. simulcast
`technology provides multiple
`transmitters. operating on substantially the same frequencies
`and transmitting the same infnn-nation positioned to cover
`extended areas. As shcwu in FIG. I. transmitter lilo gener-
`ally provides coverage over area A. D. and E. transmitter
`102 generally provides coverage over area B. D. and E. and
`transmitter 1N generally provides coverage over area C, E.
`and F. In some cases. the coverage area at a first transmitter
`may be entirely enclosed within the coverage area of another
`Iransmirter.auch as in building interiors and valleys. [11 areas
`where one (and only one) transmitter dominates (cg. areas
`A. 8. and C in FIG. 1). simulcast is efiective because the
`other transmitters do not significantly afieet receivers in
`those areas
`However. in “overlap" area: D. E. and F shown in FIG. l.
`where tho signals from two or more transmitters are approxi-
`
`44
`
`44
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`

`

`
`
`
`
`JI
`FIGS. Jill). (D). and (E) show the summation of these
`two signals 306 and Jill! at all will-signal boundary, such as
`boundary 300 in FIG, 3‘ FIG. 3(C} shows a wmpnsile signal
`310 indicating thnl
`the frequency information remains
`unchanged. FIG. 3(D) shows a linear graph 312 of the
`relative phase diEererloe caused by a slight carrier frequency
`difference between the signals {mm the first transmitter and
`the second transmitter. FlG. 3(3) shows a composite ampli~
`rude signal 314‘ A noise threshold is indicated by the
`horizontal dashed line 304 in FIG. IKE).
`or interest. FIG. 305} shows the composite amplitude
`signal 314 dipping below the noise threshold 304 at an
`anti-phase condition In (Lg, when the relative phase Ingic
`is 1150'. as shown ill HG. 3(0)).As can he’ seen from FIG.
`shi between transmitter 1 and transmitter 2 will not cause
`33:2. the anti-phase condition an: caused by the slight phase
`any lnfi cfdata lacunae lbr: anti-phase condition persists far
`only a small portion or the baud interval.
`The slight ofl‘ae‘l If the carrier frequencies between the
`first and second transmillers causes a slow drift of the
`relative phase of the twu signals, as shown in FIG. 3(1)).
`W'tlcn lilo signals are 2180' out of phase. the-temporary dip
`in the amplitude signal may cause the Loss of a few hits in
`the composite signal, at wmsl. These errors can be counter-
`acted with a unintentional error canceling code, such as is
`commonly thrown.
`FIG. 4 shows a set of similar signals to thus: in FIG. 3.
`but wherein the signal dill from the first trensntitteris nEIet
`(tenor out nEsynchrorlizttinrt with, the signaldild from the
`second transmitter by a full baud. In particular. signal 404
`lags signal 402 by one hand inlervaL As. previously
`discussed. the [effect (If signals ‘02 and ‘04 may be caused
`by various liming shifts in the delivery of both signals 402
`and 404 to a receiver in an overlap area. FIGS. 4m) and (B)
`illustrate the extreme case where the sum of these timing
`shifts is equal to the baud interval shown by dashed lines
`I100. As can be seen in FIG. 4((2), composite signal 405
`inclndm a period of indelcnninate frequency which unde-
`sirably comets several entire baud intervals and, therefore.
`successfirl demodulation ls impcmrihle during those baud
`intervals. ii the baud interval were increased to minimize the
`client of these tinting shins, rim loss would be less likely.
`Therefom it can be seen that the baud rate at which good
`data transfer can be accomplished is limited by the timing
`shifts between signals delivered In receivers in overlap
`areas.
`”through these examples. it can be seen that high degrees
`oi modulation synchronisation matte it possible to obtain
`good data demodulation in a sirnuteast system. However. the
`baud rate limitation of simulcast systems is a significant
`drawback and limits system IhtougbpuL
`All alternative in simulcast
`[or wide area coverage is
`assignment of orthogonal. non-overlapping subdivisions of
`the available system capacity to adjacent areas. Subdivisions
`can he made in time (6.3.. broadcasting the inItlt'matiatl on
`the same frequency in dilferenl lime sicls in adjacent areas).
`or in frequency (cg. balance-sting the information simulta-
`nocusly on Meteor frequencies in adjacent areas). There are
`several prrlblcms with such orthogonal systems. however.
`First, orthogonal assignments require tuning the receiver to
`the assigned frequency or lime channel for the area in which
`the receiver cu trendy resides. in the broadcast services every
`traveler has experienced Ill: frustration offi riding the correct
`channel for their t'avorile programs. simulcast operation
`avoids the need for scanning and re-tuuirlg as the mobile unit
`moves between areas. Such scanning and m-lttnirlg also
`distdvantageously increases mobile unit power counterp—
`litllt
`
`5,915,210
`
`ll]
`
`15
`
`is
`
`55
`
`4
`the orthogonal assignment
`Sewer]. and more serious.
`approach drastically {ethics the system Ihmughpllt capacity
`as. measured in bits per Hr. bonus: anywhere from 3 tr.- 7,
`or possibly more. orthogonal assignments are required to
`obtain conlinuous area coverage in most conmlional
`orthogpnal systems. This waste of capacity is somewhat
`recouped ii' the same information is not needed throughout
`the service area because a given piece of infiomllon isserlt
`only to these cells where it is needed.
`Conventional cellular radinsem'ce is a typical example of
`an orthogonal system. In cellular, the same fiequeltc‘tes are
`reused in spatially separated cells to allnw different data In
`be transmitted to diflferent mobile unimhn example of their
`cellular arrangements is shown in FIG. 5 where the number
`oi'oells (N) is equal to 3. 'l. and 'l', Each cell (i.c.. A. B. C.
`.
`.
`. l in conventional cellular service usually only includes
`a single transmitter and operates in a didemil Frequency or
`little division within the communication protocol. All shown
`in FIG, 5. cellular service generally locates transmitters
`utilizing the same division (all the “A" transmitters) far
`enough apart
`to reduce the likelihood of interference
`between such transmitters. Asthe number of cells increases.
`the likelihood of interference decreases. For exam-pie. with
`N-S as shown by arrangement 500 in FIG. 3, the distance
`between the coverag area uf“A" cells l'sabrtut is cell widllL
`with N—l
`in arrangement Sill, the distance between the
`coverage areas of ”A" cells is slighlly larger. and with N-?
`to arrangement 504 the dirlanoe between “A" cells is larger
`than the adorn of one cell.
`However. as the number of cells increasen. the length of
`the individual time intervals per cell decreases for time
`division multiplexed systems. thereby decreasing the sys-
`tems tolat
`information transfer.
`In frequency division
`sysle-s. lore cells undesirably increases the frequency
`bandwidth required “therefore, system throughput in bits
`per Hz is decreased as the number of cells increases.
`Furlllermore. cellular systems often require an electronic
`”haurllshslre" between system and mobile unit