S c e ad ef  ace f he Diec Acce Fie Sye
`
` a ag i Sai ah Addeia Aexada Fed  va ag . Seze
`Divii  f Egieeig ad Aied Sciece avad Uiveiy
`
`e(cid:11)ey S. Chae Adew . Gaai Richad iey Rajiv G. Wicke eighe
`Dea e f C  e Sciece D ke Uiveiy
`
`Ea Gabbe
` ce Tech gie Be ab a ie
`
`Abac
`
`The Diec Acce Fie Sye DAFS i a e eg
`ig id ia adad f  ew k aached  
`age. DAFS ake advaage f ew e eve e
`w k ieface adad. Thi eabe a e eve
`(cid:12)e ye  c e i which cie ide f ci 
`aiy f  e e daa acce eide i a ibay
`ahe ha i he kee. Thi  c e addee
` gadig ef  ace  be  e ig f
`weak iegai  f b (cid:11)eig aye i he ew k
`a  kee baed (cid:12)e ye  ad aica
`i . The bee(cid:12) f hi achiec e ic de
`ighweigh  abe ad aych   acce 
`ew k  age ad i  ved aicai  c 
` ve daa ve e cachig ad efechig.
`
`Thi ae ex e he f da ea ef 
` ace chaaceiic f a e eve (cid:12)e ye
` c e baed  DAFS.  ee exei ea
`e  f a e  ce DAFS   ye ad
`c ae i ef  ace  a kee baed FS
`i e eai  i ized f  ze c y daa a
`fe. The e  h w ha b h ye  ca deive
`(cid:12)e acce h gh  i exce f 100 B/ a
` aig ew k ik wih i ia aw badwidh.
` we cie vehead i he DAFS c (cid:12)g ai 
`ca i  ve aicai  ef  ace by   40
` ve i ized FS whe aicai   ceig
`ad / de ad ae we baaced.
`
`1  d ci 
`
`The ef  ace f high eed ew k  
`age ye  i fe i ied by cie vehead
` ch a e y c yig ew k acce c  ad
`  c vehead [2 8 20 29]. A eaed  ce
` f ieÆciecy e  f   iegai  f a
`icai  ad (cid:12)e ye evice;
`ack f c 
` ve kee  icie ead   be   ch a
`
`d be cachig fae efechig ad   c c 
`ecy aage e [34]. A a e  daabae ad
` he ef  ace ciica aicai  fe bya
`(cid:12)e ye  i fav  f aw b ck  age acce.
`Thi aci(cid:12)ce he bee(cid:12) f he (cid:12)e ye de
`ic dig eae f ad iiai  ad afe haig
` f e ce ad daa. Thee  be  have a
` ivaed he deig f adica eaig ye
` c e  a w aicai  c  ve e ce
` aage e [21 31].
`
`The ece e egece f c ecia diec
`acce a  ew k ceae a   iy 
`adde hee i e wih  chagig eaig y
`e  i c  e. Thee ew k ic  ae
`w de(cid:12)ig fea e: e eve ew kig ad e
` e diec e y acce RDA. Ue eve e
`w kig a w afe ew k c icai  diecy
`f e de aicai  e vig he kee
`f he ciica / ah. RDA a w he e
`w k adae  ed ce c y vehead by acceig
`aicai  b (cid:11)e diecy.
`The Diec Acce Fie Sye DAFS [14] i
`a ew adad f  ew k aached  age ve
`diec acce a  ew k. The DAFS  
`c i baed  he ew k Fie Sye Vei  4
`  c [32] wih added   c fea e f  diec
`daa afe ig RDA cae/gahe i /
`eiabe ckig c ad (cid:13) w c  ad ei 
`ec vey. DAFS i deiged  eabe a e eve
`(cid:12)e ye cie: a DAFS cie ay   a a a
`icai  ibay ab ve he eaig ye kee
`wih he kee   e i ied  baic ew k device
`   ad e y aage e. Thi  c e
`ca i  ve ef  ace  abiiy ad eiabi
`iy ad (cid:11)e aicai  f y aych   /
`ad e diec c  ve daa ve e ad
`cachig. ew k Aiace ad he ew k
`aached  age ved  ae aig DAFS ie
`face f  hei  d c.
`
`Oracle-Huawei-NetApp Ex. 1014, pg. 1
`
`

`

`Thi ae ex e he f da ea  c
` a ad ef  ace chaaceiic f ew k (cid:12)e
`acce ig a e eve (cid:12)e ye  c e  a
`diec acce a  ew k wih RDA. We
` e DAFS a a bai f  ex ig hee fea e
`ice i i he (cid:12) f y eci(cid:12)ed (cid:12)e ye 
` c     he . We decibe DAFS baed
`cie ad eve efeece i e eai  f  a
` e  ce Uix ye FeeBSD ad e  ex
`ei ea e  c aig DAFS  a ze c y
`FS i e eai .     e i  i ae
`he bee(cid:12) ad ade (cid:11) f hee echi e  
`vide a bai f  if  ed ch ice ab  de y e
` f DAFS baed ye  ad i ia exei  
` he ew k (cid:12)e   c   ch a FS.
`
`  exei e ex e he aicai   
`eie ha dee ie h w RDA ad e eve (cid:12)e
`ye  a(cid:11)ec ef  ace. F  exa e whe a
`w k ad i baaced i.e. he aicai  i a
`e y a ae he CU ad ew k ik DAFS
`deive he  bee(cid:12) c aed  e adi
`i a achiec e. Whe w k ad ae i ied by
`he dik DAFS ad e adii a ew k (cid:12)e
`ye  behave c aaby. he w k ad fac
`   ch a eadaa ieiy / ize (cid:12)e ize
`ad / acce ae a i(cid:13) ece ef  ace.
`
`A i  a  ey f he e eve (cid:12)e
`ye  c e i ha aicai  ae  ge
`b d by he kee   icie f  (cid:12)e ye b (cid:11)e
`ig cachig ad efechig. The e eve (cid:12)e
`ye  c e ad he DAFS A a w ai
`cai  f c  ve (cid:12)e ye acce; h weve
`he aicai  ca  ge bee(cid:12) f haed
`kee faciiie f  cachig ad efechig. A ec
` day g a f  w k i  h w h w adaai 
`ibaie f  eci(cid:12)c cae f aicai  eabe
`h e aicai   bee(cid:12) f i  ved c 
`ad ighe iegai  wih he (cid:12)e ye  whie
`ed cig  ei iaig he b de  aicai 
`deve e. We ee exei e wih w ada
`ai  ibaie f  DAFS cie: Bekeey DB [28]
`ad he T E exea e y /  ki [37].
`Thee adaai  ibaie  vide he bee(cid:12) f
`he e eve (cid:12)e ye wih  e iig ha a
`icai  be di(cid:12)ed  e he DAFS A .
`The ay  f hi ae i a f w. Seci  2
` aize he ed ha ivaed DAFS ad
` e eve (cid:12)e ye  ad e   dy i c ex
`wih evi  w k. Seci  3 give a veview f
`he aie fea e f he DAFS eci(cid:12)cai  ad
`Seci  4 decibe he DAFS efeece i e e
`ai  ed i he exei e. Seci  5 ee
`w exa e adaai  ibaie ad Seci  6 de
`
`cibe ze c y kee baed FS a a aea
`ive  DAFS. Seci  7 ee exei ea e
` . We c c de i Seci  8.
`
`2 Backg d ad Reaed W k
`
`  hi eci  we dic  he evi  w k
`ha ay he f dai  f  DAFS ad  vide he
`c ex f   exei ea e . We begi wih
`a dic i  f he i e ha i i ef  ace i
`ew k  age ye  ad he dic  he w
`ciica achiec a fea e ha we exa ie  a
`ack ef  ace b eeck: diec acce a
`  ad e eve (cid:12)e ye .
`
`2.1 ew k S age ef  ace
`
`ew k  age  i  ca be caeg ized
`a S age Aea ew k SA baed  i 
`which  vide a b ck abaci   cie ad
`ew k Aached S age AS baed  i 
`which ex  a ew k (cid:12)e ye ieface. Be
`ca e a SA  age v e aea a a ca dik
`he cie ha f c  ve he v e  daa
`ay ; cie ide (cid:12)e ye   daabae  fwae
`ca    di(cid:12)ed [23]. weve hi ec de
`c c e acce  he haed v e f he
`cie e he cie  fwae i exeded  c
` diae i accee wih he cie [36].  c 
`a a AS baed (cid:12)e evice ca c  haig
`ad acce f  idivid a (cid:12)e  a haed v e.
`Thi a ach a w afe daa haig ac  di
`vee cie ad aicai .
`
`C icai  vehead wa a key fac 
`divig acceace f Fibe Chae [20] a a high
`ef  ace SA. Fibe Chae eveage ew k
`ieface c  e  C     (cid:15) ad a
`   ceig f he h  ad acce / b ck
`i h  e y diecy wih  c yig. Recey
` C   ig he e egig iSCS b ck  age
`adad have eeed he ake a a  baed
`SA aeaive.  c a AS  i  have
`yicay ed  baed   c  ve c vei a
` C ad have aid a ef  ace eay. The
`  fe cied ca e f    ef  ace f e
`w k (cid:12)e ye  ae a   c  ceig i e
`w k ack; b e y c ie [2 15 29 35]; ad
`c he kee vehead  ch a ye ca ad
`c ex wiche. Daa c yig i aic a i
`c   baia e bye vehead i he CU ad
` e y ye ha i   aked by advacig
` ce  ech gy.
`
`e way  ed ce ew k  age acce ve
`
`Oracle-Huawei-NetApp Ex. 1014, pg. 2
`
`

`

`head i  (cid:15) ad  e  a f he a   
`c  ceig  he  C. ay ew k adae
`ca c  e ee check  a daa ve 
`ad f h  e y; hi a ach i eaivey
`i e ad deive a  baia bee(cid:12). A i
`ceaig  be f adae ca (cid:15) ad a TC
`  UD   c  ceig b  e  baia
`kee evii  ae eeded  e he . eihe a
` ach by ief av id he f da ea vehead
` f daa c yig.
`
`Sevea k w echi e ca e ve c ie
`f he a  daa ah. evi  w k ha
`ex ed c y av idace f  TC/  c ica
`i  Chae e a. [8]  vide a  ay. B 
` i [5] i d ced e aed c y a che e ha
`av id c yig i ew k / whie eevig c y
`e aic.
`  ie [29] add cae/gahe fea
` e  he / A ad eie     f
`he  C  hade ie cie  cee afey
`wih  c yig. A he a ach i  i e e
`ciica aicai  e.g. Web eve i he ke
`e [19]. S e f he advaage ca be baied
` e ceay wih c bied daa ve e i
`iive e.g. ed(cid:12)e which ve daa f  
`age diecy  a ew k c eci  wih  a e
`ace afe; hi i ef f  (cid:12)e afe i c
`  eve aicai .
`DAFS wa i d ced  c bie he w ve
`head ad (cid:13)exibiiy f SA  d c wih he ge
`eaiy f AS (cid:12)e evice. The DAFS a ach 
`e vig hee vehead i  e a diec acce
`a   ead ad wie aicai  b (cid:11)e di
`ecy. DAFS a eabe i e eai  f he (cid:12)e
`ye cie a e eve f  i  ved eÆciecy
` abiiy ad aicai  c  . The ex w
`eci  dic  hee aec f DAFS i e de
`ai.
`  Seci  6 we dic  a aeaive a
` ach ha ed ce FS vehead by ei iaig
`daa c yig.
`
`2.2 Diec Acce Ta 
`
`Diec acce a  ae chaaceized by
` C    f  e e diec e y acce
`RDA e eve ew kig wih ii a ke
`e vehead eiabe eagig a  c ec
`i  ad e c eci  b (cid:11)eig ad eÆcie
`aych   eve  i(cid:12)cai . The Vi a e
`face V  Achiec e [12] de(cid:12)e a h  ieface
`ad A f   C   ig hee fea e.
`Diec acce a  eabe e eve e
`w kig i which he e de  ce ieac
`diecy wih he  C  ed  eceive eage
`
`DAFS Client
`
`User Applications
`
`I/O Library
`
`DAFS Client Library
`
`NFS Client
`
`User Applications
`
`I/O Library
`
`User Space
`
`OS Kernel
`
`VM/VFS Buf Cache
`
`NFS
`
`TCP/IP Stack
`
`Network Driver
`
`Network Driver
`
`Network Adapter
`
`NIC
`
`Network Adapter
`
`Fig e 1: Ue eve v. kee baed cie (cid:12)e y
`e  c e.
`
`wih ii a ievei  f he eaig y
`e kee. The  C device ex e a aay f
`c eci  deci   he ye hyica ad
`de ace. A c eci  e  i e he ke
`e ew k dive a a fee c eci  deci
`  i he e  ce vi a adde ace
`givig he  ce diec ad afe acce   C
`c  egie ad b (cid:11)e  e e i he deci
` . Thi eabe RDA which a w he e
`w k adae  ed ce c y vehead by acce
`ig aicai  b (cid:11)e diecy. The c biai  f
` e eve ew k acce ad c y av idace ha a
`eghy heiage i eeach ye  aig w
`decade [2 4 6 33 38].
`
`The exei e i Seci  7  aify he i
` ve e i acce vehead ha DAFS gai f
`RDA ad a  (cid:15) ad  diec acce  C.
`
`2.3 Ue eve Fie Sye 
`
`  addii   vehead ed ci  he DAFS
`  c eveage e eve ew kig  eabe
`he ew k (cid:12)e ye  c e deiced i he
`ef had ide f Fig e 1.  c a  adii a
`kee baed ew k (cid:12)e ye i e eai 
`a h w i he igh ide f Fig e 1 DAFS (cid:12)e
`cie ay   i e de a ibaie iked di
`ecy wih aicai .
`Whie DAFS a    kee baed
`cie  w k f c e i aiy  he  eie
` f he e eve (cid:12)e ye  c e. A e eve
`cie yied addii a de ed ci  i ve
`head by e vig ye ca c . eha e
`i  ay i ca    ay eaig ye 
`wih  ecia kee    eeded he ha
`he  C dive ief. The cie ay ev ve i
`deedey f he eaig ye  ad ie
`
`Oracle-Huawei-NetApp Ex. 1014, pg. 3
`
`

`

`cie i e eai  ay    he a e y
`e .   i  ay hi  c e (cid:11)e a 
`  iy  i  ve iegai  f (cid:12)e ye f c
`i  wih / ieive aicai .
`  aic
`a i eabe f y aych   ieied (cid:12)e y
`e acce eve  ye  wih iade ae kee
`   f  aych   / ad i (cid:11)e f a
`icai  c  ve cachig daa ve e ad
`efechig.
`  ha g bee ec gized ha he kee
` icie f  (cid:12)e ye cachig ad efechig ae
` y ached  he eed f  e i  a a
`icai  [34]. igaig hee S f ci  i
`ibaie  a w i  ved aicai  c  ad
`eciaizai  i i ia i ii  he ibay e
`aig ye  f Ex kee [21]   c evice de
`c  ii  f  high eed ew kig [24] ad e
`aed a ache. Ue eve (cid:12)e ye  wee c 
`ceived f  he SR   jec [4] ad he ew k
`Aached Sec e Dik ASD  jec [18]. FS
`ad he ew k (cid:12)e ye   c  c d  
`  e eve cie ve a RC aye ic 
`aig he eeva fea e f DAFS [7] ad we
`beieve ha  e  ad c c i  w d a
`y   ch a ye .
`
`Eaie w k ag ig agai e eve (cid:12)e y
`e  [39] a ed  e f  f kee ediai 
`i he ciica / ah ad did   ake i ac
`c  he i ay  ce f vehead ied i
`Seci  2.1. weve he e eve  c e c 
`ideed i hi ae d e have  eia diadva
`age.
`  deed  diec acce ew k had
`wae which i   ye widey de yed. Ah gh
`a aicai  ca c  cachig ad efechig
`i d e   bee(cid:12) f he c   icie f 
`haed cachig ad efechig i he kee. Th 
`i i i e f   hi  c e ace e b 
`de  he aicai   aage daa ve e
`ad i ay be eceay  exed aicai  
` e a ew (cid:12)e ye A . Seci  5 h w h w
`hi  we ad c exiy ca be eca aed i
`eackaged / adaai  ibaie deiced i
`Fig e 1 i e eig A  ad  icie a
`iae f  a aic a ca f aicai . f he
`adaai  A ha he a e yax ad e a
`ic a a e exiig A  he i i eceay 
` dify he aicai  he eve   he ea
`ig ye .
`
`3 DAFS Achiec e ad Sadad
`
`ed by ew k Aiace ad e ad i i
`eey deg ig adadizai  h gh he
`S age ew kig d y A ciai  S A.
`The daf adad de(cid:12)e he DAFS  
`c [14] a a e f e e ad e e f  a
`ad hei e aic ad a ec eded  ce
`d a DAFS A [13]  acce he DAFS evice
`f a cie  ga . Beca e ibay eve c
` e ay be eaced cie  ga  ay ac
`ce a DAFS evice h gh ay c veie /
`ieface. The DAFS A i eci(cid:12)ed a a ec
` eded ieface   e  abiiy f DAFS
`cie  ga . The DAFS A i iche ad e
`c ex ha c  (cid:12)e ye A  ic dig
`he adad Uix ye ca ieface.
`
`The ex eci  give a veview f he
`DAFS achiec e ad adad wih a e ha
`i  he a  eaed aec: Seci  3.2
`ad 3.3 f c   DAFS    f  RDA ad
`aych   (cid:12)e / eecivey.
`
`3.1 DAFS   c S ay
`
`The DAFS   c deive f FS Vei 
`4 [32] FSv4 b  divege f i i evea ig
`i(cid:12)ca way. DAFS a e a eiabe ew k
`a  ad (cid:11)e eve dieced c ad (cid:13) w
`c  i a ae i ia  b ck  age 
` c   ch a iSCS .  c a  FSv4 evey
`DAFS eai  i a eaae e e b  DAFS
`   e e chaiig  a w ieiig f de
`ede e e e.g. a a e k   e f
` wed by (cid:12)e ead. DAFS   c heade ae 
`gaized  eeve aig e f (cid:12)xed ize (cid:12)ed.
`DAFS a de(cid:12)e fea e f  eiabe ei  e
`c vey ad ehaced ckig i iive. T eabe
`he aicai    a adaai  aye   
`  (cid:12)e cachig DAFS ad  he FSv4 ech
`ai f  c ie cachig baed  e deega
`i  [1 14 32].
`The DAFS eci(cid:12)cai  i ideede f he
` deyig a  b  i fea e deed 
`diec acce  C.
`  addii   e a 
`eve fea e e.g. eage (cid:13) w c   ae de
`(cid:12)ed wihi he DAFS   c ief ah gh hey
`c d be viewed a a eaae aye be w he (cid:12)e
`evice   c .
`
`3.2 Diec Acce Daa Tafe
`
`The DAFS eci(cid:12)cai  gew  f he DAFS
`C ab aive a id y/acade ic c  i
`
`T bee(cid:12) f RDA DAFS    diec
`vaia f key daa afe eai  ead wie
`eaddi gea ea. Diec eai  afe
`
`Oracle-Huawei-NetApp Ex. 1014, pg. 4
`
`

`

`diecy   f cie  vided e y egi 
` ig RDA ead  wie eai  a decibed
`i Seci  2.2.
`The cie  egie each e y egi 
`wih he ca kee bef e e eig diec / 
`he egi . The DAFS A de(cid:12)e i iive  eg
`ie ad egie e y egi  f  diec /;
`he egie i iive e  a egi  deci  
`deigae he egi  f  diec / eai . 
`c e i e eai  egiai  i e a y
`e ca  i b (cid:11)e egi  i hyica e y
`he ad age aai  f  he egi  i a
` k  abe  he  C  ha i ay iee
`ic ig RDA diecive. T c  b (cid:11)e i
`ig by a  ce f  diec / he eaig y
`e h d i  e a e ce i i i ia  ha
`aied i he cae f he 4.4BSD ck A [26].
`B (cid:11)e egiai  ay be eca aed i a ada
`ai  ibay.
`RDA eai  f  diec / i he DAFS
`  c ae away iiiaed by he eve ahe
`ha a cie. F  exa e  e e a DAFS di
`ec wie he cie  wie e e  he eve
`ic de a egi   ke f  he b (cid:11)e c aiig he
`daa. The eve he i e a RDA ead  fech
`he daa f he cie ad e d  he DAFS
`wie e e afe he RDA c ee. Thi a
` w he eve  aage i b (cid:11)e ad c 
`he de ad ae f daa afe [27].
`
`3.3 Aych   / ad efechig
`
`The DAFS A    a f y aych  
`ieface eabig cie  ieie / eai 
`ad vea he wih aicai   ceig. A
`(cid:13)exibe eve  i(cid:12)cai  echai deive ay
`ch   / c ei : he cie ay ceae a
`abiay  be f c ei  g  ecify a
`abiay c ei  g  f  each DAFS ea
`i  ad   wai f  eve  ay c ei 
`g .
`
`The aych   / i iive eabe eve
`dive aicai  achiec e a a aeaive
` iheadig. Eve dive aicai   c
` e ae fe e eÆcie ad e  abe
`ha h e baed  head. Aych   /
`A  a w bee aicai  c  ve c c 
`ecy fe wih we vehead ha ych  
` / ig head.
`
`ia b ck ead ahead  wie behid. Uf 
`aey fe e fi d c ex wichig add ve
`head [2]. The kee  icie y efech afe
`a   f e eia ead ad ay efech e
`e y if f  e ead ae   e eia.
`
`4 DAFS Refeece e eai 
`
`We have b i   ye f a e eve DAFS
`cie ad a kee DAFS eve i e eai  f 
`FeeBSD. B h ide f he efeece i e ea
`i  e   c  b i a DAFS SD  vided
`by ew k Aiace. The efeece i e ea
`i  c ey e a 1.25 Gb/ Gigae cA V
`iec ec.
`
`4.1 Ue eve Cie
`
`The e eve DAFS cie i baed  a hee
` d e deig eaaig a  f ci  (cid:13) w
`c  ad   c hadig.
`  i e e
`a aych   eve dive c  c e f  he
`DAFS e e/e e chae   c . The  b
`e f he DAFS A   ed ic de diec ad
`aych   vaia f baic (cid:12)e acce ad daa
`afe eai .
`
`The cie deig a w f aych y f 
`ige headed aicai . A e e  he
`ibay ae   b ckig e he cae exic
`iy e e  wai f  a edig c ei . The
`cie   f  eve c ei  i he c ex f
`aicai  head i exici  ig e e ad
`i a adad ea be/ei g e exec ed  ev
`ey ey ad exi  he ibay. A hee  i
`i check f  eceived e e ad ay a iii
`ae edig ed if e ied by he e e (cid:13) w
`c  wid w. Each head ey i he ibay
`advace he w k f he cie. e dawback f
`hi  c e i ha edig c ei  b id 
`  he cie eceive  e e if he aicai  d e
`  ee he ibay. weve defeig e e
` ceig i hi cae d e   iefee wih he
`aciviy f he cie ice i i   c ecig i
`c ei   iiiaig ew /. A e geea
`a ach wa ecey   ed f  aych  
`aicai  eve ew kig i Ex kee [16].
`
`4.2 ee Seve
`
`ay FS i e eai     a i ied
`f  f aych y beeah ych   kee /
`A . Tyicay ie  cee caed / dae
`   fi d i e b ckig e e f  e e
`
`The kee baed DAFS eve [25] i a kee
` adabe d e f  FeeBSD 4.3 REEASE ha
`i e e he c ee DAFS eci(cid:12)cai . U
`ig he VFS/V de ieface he eve ay ex 
`
`Oracle-Huawei-NetApp Ex. 1014, pg. 5
`
`

`

`ay ca (cid:12)e ye h gh DAFS. The kee
`baed eve a ha a eve dive deig ad
`ake advaage f eÆcie hadwae    f 
`eve  i(cid:12)cai  ad deivey i aych   e
`w k /. The eve i iheaded i de 
`dea wih b ckig c dii  i dik / ad b (cid:11)e
`cache ckig.
`
`5 Adaai  ibaie
`
`Adaai  ibaie ae e eve / i
`baie ha
`i e e high eve abaci 
`cachig ad efechig ad i ae aicai 
`f he c exiy f hadig DAFS /. Ada
`ai  ibaie ie e bewee he aicai 
`ad he (cid:12)e ye ieface e.g. he DAFS A .
`By i d cig vei  f he ibay f  each (cid:12)e
`ye A  aicai  wie f  he ibay /
`A ca   ve e eve  kee baed (cid:12)e y
`e  a deiced i Fig e 2.
`DAFS baed adaai  ibaie (cid:11)e a 
`  iy  eciaize (cid:12)e ye f ci  f 
`cae f aicai . F  exa e (cid:12)e cachig
`a he aicai  eve (cid:11)e hee  eia be
`e(cid:12). Fi he aicai  ca acce a e
`eve cache wih we vehead ha a kee baed
`cache acceed h gh he ye ca ieface.
`Sec d he cie ca eÆciey e aicai 
`eci(cid:12)c fech ad eace e  icie. Thid i
`cae whee cachig i a eeia f ci  f he
`adaai  ibay a e eve (cid:12)e ye av id
`he  be f d be cachig
`i which daa i
`cached ed day i he kee eve ad e
`eve cache.
`
`e  be wih e eve cachig i ha
`he kee vi a e y ye ay evic cached
`age if he cie cache c  e e e y
`ha he kee a cae  i. F  hi ea  each
` f hee adaai  ibaie eihe e egie i
`cache a decibed i Seci  3.2  c (cid:12)g e i
` a \afe" ize. A ec d  be i ha e eve
`cache ae   eaiy haed ac  ie c 
`eaig aicai  b  he eed f  hi haig
`i e c  i high ef  ace d ai.
`
`T i ae he  e f adaai  ibaie
`we c ide w exa e ha we ehaced f  e
`wih DAFS: T E ad Bekeey DB.
`
`5.1 T E
`
`T E [37] Taae aae / Evi 
` e i a  ki f  exea e y E a
`g ih . E ag ih  ae  c ed  hade
`
`DAFS Client
`
`User Applications
`
`NFS Client
`
`User Applications
`
`TPIE or DB Library
`
`TPIE or DB Library
`
`User Space
`
`DAFS Client Library
`
`cLAN Comm Library
`
`DMA
`
`OS Kernel
`
`cLAN Driver
`
`cLAN VI Adapter
`
`NIC
`
`Copyin/out
`
`VM/VFS Buf Cache
`
`NFS
`
`TCP/IP Stack
`
`Ethernet Driver
`
`Alteon Ethernet
`
`Copy
`
`DMA
`
`Fig e 2: Adaai  ibaie ca bee(cid:12) f
` e eve cie wih  difyig aicai .
`
` aive daa  be  eÆciey by ii izig he
` be f / eai . They ehace caiy f
`daa accee by ef  ig / i age b ck ad
` axi izig he ef c  ai   each b ck
`whie i i i e y. The T E  ki   
`a age f aicai  ic dig Ge gahic f 
` ai  Sye G S aayi  ga  f  aive
`eai gid [3].
`T    E ag ih  T E i e e
`a daa(cid:13) w ike ea ig aadig  c eci 
` f (cid:12)xed ize ec d.
`   vide abac ea
`ye wih high eve ieface  \ h" ea  f
`daa ec d h gh aicai  de(cid:12)ed ec d 
`ea . A  ggabe B ck Tafe Egie BTE
` aage afe b (cid:11)eig ad  vide a ie
`face  he deyig  age ye . We i
`d ced a ew BTE f  he DAFS ieface a wig
`     T E aicai  ve DAFS wih 
` di(cid:12)cai . The BTE d e ead ahead ad wie
`behid  daa ea  ig DAFS aych  
`i iive ad hade he deai f b ck c e
`ig ad e y egiai  f  diec /.
`
`5.2 Bekeey DB
`
`Bekeey DB db [28] i a e  ce e bed
`ded daabae ye ha  vide ibay   
`f  c c e  age ad eieva f key/va e
`ai. Db aage i w b (cid:11)eig ad cachig i
`deede f ay cachig a he deyig (cid:12)e y
`e b (cid:11)e cache. Db ca be c (cid:12)g ed  e a e
`ci(cid:12)c age ize he i f ckig ad /  ay
`8 B ad b (cid:11)e  ize. R ig db ve DAFS
`av id d be cachig ad byae he adad (cid:12)e
`ye efechig he iic which ay degade
`ef  ace f  c  db acce ae. Sec
`i  7.4 h w he i  ace f hee e(cid:11)ec f  db
`
`Oracle-Huawei-NetApp Ex. 1014, pg. 6
`
`

`

`ef  ace.
`
`6  w vehead ee Baed FS
`
`The DAFS a ach i e f evea aea
`ive  i  vig acce ef  ace f  ew k
` age.
`  hi eci  we c ide a  ie
`c eig  c e a a bai f  he e iica
`c ai  i Seci  7. Thi a ach ehace
`a kee baed FS cie  ed ce vehead f 
`  c  ceig ad/  daa ve e. Whie
`hi d e   ed ce ye ca c  hee i 
`eed  dify exiig aicai   eve  e
`ik he if he kee A i eeved. weve
`i d e e ie ew kee    which i a ba
`ie  fa ad eiabe de y e. ike DAFS
` eaigf FS ehace e f hi   a ey
`  ew    i he  C.
`The  geea f  f c y av idace f 
`(cid:12)e evice e heade iig ad age (cid:13)iig
`vaia f which have bee ed wih TC/  
` c  f  e ha a decade e.g. [5 8 11 35].
`T i ae we bie(cid:13)y decibe FeeBSD ehace
` e  exed c y av idace  ead ad wie
` eai  i FS.   FS i e eai  ed
`daa diecy f he kee (cid:12)e cache wih  ak
`ig a c y  a cie iiiaig a wie ad a eve
`e dig  a ead ca av id c ie. We f c  
`he cae f a cie eceivig a ead e e c ai
`ig a b ck f daa  be aced i he (cid:12)e cache. The
`key chaege i  aage f  he  C  de i
`he daa ay ad|he (cid:12)e b ck|age aiged i
` e  e hyica age fa e. Thee age ay
`he be ieed i he (cid:12)e cache by efeece
`ahe ha by c yig.  i he aighf wad
` deive he daa  a e  ce by e aig
`age ahe ha by hyica c y b  y if he
` e  b (cid:11)e ae age gaied ad  iaby aiged.
`Thi a a e ha he (cid:12)e ye b ck ize i
`a iega ie f he age ize.
`
`T d hi he  C (cid:12) i (cid:11) ay a
`  heade ad he FS heade f each e
`age ad ace he daa i a eaae age aiged
`b (cid:11)e heade iig.  e ha if he ew k
`TU i  ae ha he hadwae age ize he
`he afe f a age f daa i ead ac  i
`e acke which ca aive a he eceive  f
` de ad/  ieeed wih acke f he
`(cid:13) w.  de  ack he daa c ig y i
`age he  C  d igi(cid:12)ca   c  ce
`ig f  FS ad i a   dec de he ic
`ig acke. FS c icae hi  ceig wih
`vaiabe egh heade.
`
`We di(cid:12)ed he (cid:12) wae f  Ae  Tig 
` Gigabi Ehee adae  ef  heade
`iig f  FS ead e e eage. Thi
`i  Æcie  i e e a ze c y FS cie.
`  di(cid:12)cai  ay y whe he a  i
`UD/  ad he ew k i c (cid:12)g ed f   b
`Fa e which a w FS  exchage daa i i
` f age. T a w age b ck ize we aeed 
`fag eai  c de i he kee  av id iig
`age b (cid:11)e ac  fag e f age UD acke.
`T gehe wih he a ciaed kee    i
`he (cid:12)e cache ad V ye  hi a w ze c y
`daa exchage wih FS b ck afe ize  
`32 B. age FS afe ize ca ed ce ve
`head f  b k daa afe by i iig he  be
` f i h gh he FS   c ack; hi a
`ed ce a  vehead  ew k ha a w
`age acke.
`
`Whie hi i   a geea  i  i a w
`   ae he ef  ace  eia f i iz
`ig a kee baed (cid:12)e ye ahe ha ad 
`ig a diec acce e eve (cid:12)e ye achiec e
`ike DAFS.  a a xi ae he ef  ace
`achievabe wih a kee baed DAFS cie  a
`FS i e eai  ve V   e he RDA
`caabe ew k ieface. A a acica ae
`he RDA a ach e baced i DAFS i a e
` iig aeaive  w vehead FS.  e
`ha age (cid:13)iig FS i ch e diÆc  ve
`TC beca e he  C  b (cid:11)e ad eae be
`he TC ea  cae FS heade aeaig
`a abiay (cid:11)e i he ea . Thi i  ibe i
` C i e eig a TC (cid:15) ad egie b  i
`acica i c vei a  C  ch a he Tig  .
`
`7 Exei ea Re 
`
`Thi eci  ee ef  ace e  f
`a age f bech ak ve  DAFS efeece i
`e eai  ad w kee baed FS c (cid:12)g a
`i . The g a f he aayi i   aify he
`e(cid:11)ec f he vai  achiec a