FILE HISTORY
`US 5,915,210
`
`5,915,210
`PATENT:
`INVENTORS: Cameron, Dennis Wayne
`Roehr, Jr., Walter Charles
`Bhagat, Jai P.
`Garahi, Masood
`Hays, William D.
`Ackerman, David W.
`
`TITLE:
`
`Method and system for providing
`multicarrier simulcast transmission
`
`APPLICATION
`NO:
`FILED:
`ISSUED:
`
`US1997899476A
`
`24 JUL 1997
`22 JUN 1999
`
`COMPILED:
`
`19 AUG 2013
`
`APPLE 1002
`
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`WARNING: The information uuscluseu heruin may be reauiclaa. LIna,u|f\ori1ed disciosum may be pfuflhflgfl
`bv T-H! Unflad Ennis Cum Tulle" 35. saclinna 122, 13: and 355. Fossesswon outside Ina L15.
`Patent 8. Trademark own: is reslrictsa to authorized employees and aunlrauws unly
`
`(FACE)
`
`5 5.‘
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`U.S».%‘I’. DFCOIIH PAT. -&TI£"P'|'O-4-NL ’ M12-M)
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`3
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`

`
`08!760,-457
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING DIULTICARRIER
`SIMULCAST TRANSMISSION
`
`Date
`
`Transaction Descri - tion
`
`Transaction History
`
`12-06-1996
`= Amendment
`'
`'
`12-06-1996
`- Amendment
`'
`'
`12-06-1996
`Initial Exam Team 11.1‘:
`Dl-03-199?
`02-21-1997 A lication Catured on Microfilm
`
`Case Docketed to Examiner in GAU
`U4-25-1997 Mail Notice of Allowance
`
`Ma1lExammer's Amendment
`
`04-25-1997 Notice of Allowance Data Verification Cor11El_eted
`04-25-1997
`'
`'
`
`0-4~25—1997
`
`03-25-1998 Abandonment for Failure to Correct Drawin s/OathfNonPub R uest
`D4-09-1998 Abandonment for Purposes of Filing an FWC - File Combined with Child
`A__gplication
`
`4
`
`

`
`
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING MULTICARRIER
`
`5,915,210
`
`SINIULCAST TRANSMISSION
`
`Transaction History
`
`O7-24—l997_
`
`Transaction Descr_jp_ti_on
`Prelimin Amendment
`Initial Exam Team nn
`IFW Scan & PACR Auto Securi Review
`___O_9_-I2-I997 Amendment after Notice of Allowance {Rule 3 l_2)
`09-12-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement DS Filed
`0942-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement (IDS Filed
`09-15-1997 A lication Di atched from OIPE
`12-19-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement IDS Filed
`12-19-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement IDS Filed
`04-D9-1998
`Case Docketed to Examiner in GAU
`04-16-1998 Mail Notice of Allowance
`04-16-I998 Notice of Allowance Data Verification Com leted
`D4-16-I998 Mail Examiner's Amendment
`0446- i998
`Examiner's Amendment Communication
`{)6-l6-I998
`Issue Fee Pa merit Verified
`
`05-I6-I998 Mailroorn Date of Drawing_(5)
`06-I 9-[998 A - lication Ordered to Match Drawin(s
`06-I 9-[998 Drawin 5 Received at Publications
`L_Q_6-24-1998 Agpjication Received to Match Drawing_(§)
`07-28-I993 Drawins Processin Comleted
`O7-28-I998 Drawin s Matched to A iieation
`09-15-1993 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`
`G9-23-I998 Mail Re onse to 312 Amendment (_PTO-271)
`09-23-1998 Res onse to Amendment under Rule 312
`01-06-1999 Mailroom Date of Drawin 5
`01-08-1999
`Drawi_ng_{s) Received at Publications
`06-l 1-1999
`Issue Notification Mailed
`D6-22-1999 Recordation of Patent Grant Mailed
`10-27-1999
`Post issue Communication - Certificate of Correction
`
`5
`
`

`
`
`
`PATENT APPLICATION 1
`I
`osvsuawrl
`‘
`
`, , , _ __ __________ ____ __
`
`u.
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`/
`
`»'='F‘r=H5'\"m"0F=L_l<=E'~5E Q
`INITIALS
`--
`
`
`._
`
`8
`
`— a
`
`"
`
`r
`
`CONTENTS
`
`6
`
`

`
`
`
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`CONTENTS
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`IlfififlflflflllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
`IIEHEEEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
`
`INDEX OF CLAIMS
`
`
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`
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`«JII?
`
`
`afifififififififififififififlfi
`
`
`(LEW INSIDE)
`
`9
`
`9
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`

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`
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`Staple Issue Slip Here
`
`INDEX OF CLAIMS
`
`
`
`(LEFT INSIDE]
`
`10
`
`10
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`

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`(RIGHT OUTSIDE}(RIGHT OUTSIDE}(RIGHT OUTSIDE}
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`111111
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`11
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`

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`(RIGHT OUTSIDE)(RIGHT OUTSIDE)(RIGHT OUTSIDE)
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`121212
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`12
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`

`
`United States Patent
`Cameron et 11!.
`
`[:91
`
`nu Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,915,210
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`W
`
`USU0591521i'.]A
`
`I541
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING
`MULTICARRIER SIMULCAST
`TRANSMISSION
`
`[75]
`
`Invcnlurs: D1113 Wayne Camamn. Jacksun,
`M:'.ss.; Walter Charles Ra-eI11-. .lr..
`Rests:-1.
`\«'.-1.; Jul P. Blaagnt, Jackson.
`Miss; Mnsuud Gnruhl, Madison.
`M|'s.-1.; Wllllnm D. Hays. Jaclcsun.
`Miss; David W. Ar:ker1:1.nn_
`Washington. D13.
`[73] Assignoet Deililleer Corpornllnn, Jackson, Miss.
`[21]
`[321
`
`fippl. N11,: IJSJINJ-75
`Jul. 2-1. 1997
`'Fnlcdz
`
`1511
`I52]
`I53]
`
`I551
`
`Related US. Application Data
`[63] Comlnuulion of application No. O8u'?60.-157, Den: G. 1996.
`abandoned. which 21 a cnnliuualion of Ippliuliun Nu.
`C"I'FJ':'3\,915. NIW. 12, 1992, Pat. Na. 5,590,403.
`In1.c|.°
`H043 1150
`
`Us. Cl.
`-1551511. 4551102: 4551103
`,
`
`Field or Search
`455502.503.
`-1551501. 509. 515. 515. 517, 524. 59, so.
`12, 13, 11.1. 51.3, 67.6. 101. 102. 103;
`3751200, 261'. 299; 370.343. 3-14
`Rgllrenues Cltecl
`U.S. PATENT DDClJ'MENTS
`1.f1EJ?|] Elna; .
`1CM'1i}75 Sainlcl .
`-155.159
`9.919813 Hnllori elal.
`131981 Hczklm.
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`1.150.031 mass Fruhurg.
`4,953,951:
`1111990 Iui.|nki....... 4.551511
`5,113,934 mm Julmki
`5,153,131
`1111992 mm.
`'
`5,2-13.1.29
`9.1993
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`5,392,452 H1995
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`5,504,733
`4r‘l§|9fi
`FOREIGN 1=.am~:1~rr DOCUMENTS
`wo 90.114314
`4:11:90 Enmpm Pu. om.
`W091,-‘HASH 11.41991
`10093111101
`1.099:
`
`Pdmry E:m.rm'.m-r—”I'h:nI1 Cong 1.:
`Armrney, Agenx, or F1‘,-m—Finr1aga11. Hcadumun, Farabow.
`fiaI3rI:'Il &. Dunner
`I57}
`A lwo-way clnnmunicalion syslum for uumnnicllion
`bclwnetn 11 system n1-.twm‘1: and a mubilc unit. Th: syslcnl
`nelwnrk includes 3 plurality of has: trnnsmillers and base
`maivzrs include in the natwnrk. The base Ira11smiu.e1:s are
`divided into mm] asaignmunis and bmadcasl in s.imu]=IsL
`using mu.l1i-csrrier moduminn Lcchniqucs. The sysaem nut-
`work controls the has: Lranamillcrs In bmndca.-it in suimn.l-
`casl during bulb xyalcruwidl: and mm: buundarks lo maxi-
`mizr;
`infonmticm throughout. Tho prafcrrcd mnbilc unit
`inlcude.-5 I noise. detector Clfll1.|II. la 9:30:01 unwanted Lr|.ns-
`missiorls. The system ur.:work furtbel provids I.l'I adspliv:
`uugi.-strsnion feature For mobile unils which conlruls the
`registration upcralion by Ihu mobilc units In maxirnizc
`inimmalinn Ihraughout.
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`I9 Clalnu. 30 Drawing Sheen
`
`
`RECENER
`
`aEGI-JNAL
`ETATIDN
`
`
`
`
`
`
`VUWOHK
`DPEFIATWONS
`CENTER
`
`
`
`13
`
`13
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 1 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`/'
`FI 6‘.
`PRIOR ART
`
`Tronsmil Ie:
`
`Honsmme:
`
`14
`
`14
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 2 M30
`
`5,915,210
`
`15
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`15
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 3 M31]
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`5,915,210
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`U.S. Patent
`
`.Iun.22,1999
`
`Sheet 4 of 30
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`Jun. 22, 1999
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`Sheet 6 uf30
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`5,915,210
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 7 one
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 7
`
`TOD
`
`T02
`
`704
`
`Generating a system information
`signal which includes a piuraiity of
`blocks of information
`
`Transmitting the system information
`signal to the piurality of transmitters
`
`Transmitting by the first and second
`
`time period
`
`sets of transmitters a first block of
`information in simulcast during the first
`
`ms
`
`I03
`
`iii}
`
`Transmitting by the first set at
`transmitters 3 second block of
`inlorn-nation during the second
`time period
`
`lime period
`
`Transmitting try the second set of
`transmitters a third block of
`intormation during the second
`
`20
`
`20
`
`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`J on. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 8 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 8
`
`300
`
` Transmitting a message signal by a
`302
`base transmitter servicing a zone
`where the mobile transceiver waelast
`known to be located
`
`Transmitting a regional probe signal
`by a plurality of base transmitters
`servicing a. plurality of zones if the
`mobile transceiver does not indicate
`receipt of the message signal from the
`base transmitter
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` B04
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Receiving the regional probe signal by
`
`
`the mobile transceiver
`
`306
`
`
`
`
` E03
`Transmitting an acknowledgment
`signal by the mobile transceiver in
`response to the received regional
`probe signal
`
`
`
`Bll'.l
`
`1’
`
`
`
`Receiving the acknowledgment signal
`from the mobile transceiver by a base
`receiver
`
`
`
`313
`
`Updating the data to reflect the zone
`ol the base receiver that received the
`acknowledgment signal as the last
`
`
`
`known location of the mobile
`
`transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`21
`
`21
`
`

`
`.r..HRaPam..U
`
`Jun.‘22, 1999
`
`Sheet 9 of30
`
`5,915,210
`
`
`
`>u:w_ium:u_
`
`NIXom
`
`
`
`22
`
`22
`
`
`
`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 10 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. /0
`
`23
`
`23
`
`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 11 of 3|]
`
`5,915,210
`
`1H2
`
`Z I100
`
`CY
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`FRED
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`SIGNAL n
`
`
`
`
`1110
`
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`
`24
`
`24
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 12 um)
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 12
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`
`FOUR CARRIER OUADFIATUHE MODULATOR
`
`25
`
`25
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 13 of an
`
`5,915,210
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`82
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`26
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`J1m.22.,1999
`
`Sheet 14 M30
`
`5,915,210
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`
`.lun.22,1999
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`Sheet 15 mo
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`5,915,210
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`4|.HEt3P3U
`
`Jun.22,1999
`
`Sheet 16 of 30
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`5,915,210
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`$0Downs:
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`

`
`US. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 17 M30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. /7
`
`Mobile Receiver
`
`I700
`
` ITOS
`
`[T08
`
`Receiver
`
`Display and
`
`l5l4
`
`
`
`30
`
`Storage Logic
` l5|0
`
`Display
`Controls
`
`
`
`
`
`Annuncialor
`
`30
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.22, 1999
`
`Sheet 18 M30
`
`5,915,210
`
`SE
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`9__$82n_
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`31
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`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 19 at‘ 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`
`
`Anaiog
`Receiver
`
`ISEID
`
`
`
`FIG /9
`
`I302
`
`IBIU
`
`
`
`
`
`Error
`Correction
`Circuit
`
`I908
`
`
`
`
`Regional
`Processing I:
`Circuitry
`'
`
`
`32
`
`32
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22. 1999
`
`Sheet 20 of so
`
`5,915,210
`
`
`
`
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`mmwnmfimflmmwuua._a:coo
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`_m:1cmO
`
`33
`
`33
`
`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 22 of30
`
`5,915,210
`
`2|02
`
`EIU4
`
`EIOS
`
`2|Dfl
`
`Service Area
`
`EHO
`
`Burton Format
`
`_,__,__________ I __-__
`/2”?
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`—._.—.....__.——n-...._—...—._..—.——
`
`
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`Transmit
`
`
`Capability?
`_jH__._I
`
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`
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`
`Message
`
`[Redd
`
`Button Format
`
`.-_—u_.—_..—..——-na--._1—.-_.——_
`
`
`
`User Database
`
`34
`
`34
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 22 of30
`
`5,915,210
`
`83
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`35
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`35
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`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 23 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG‘. 23
`
`Service Queue
`
`Current Messages
`
`36
`
`36
`
`

`
`QMnu
`
`tnuWanr
`
`JI.1n.22, 1999
`
`Sheet 24 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`
`
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`
`.I1m.22,1999
`
`Sheet 25 of so
`
`5,915,210
`
`Nmcom
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`mc:m£_n_mcow
`
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`
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`
`38
`
`38
`
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun.22,1999
`
`Sheet 26 ef3{l
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG‘. 26
`
`
`
`
`
`2500
`
`Z802
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Trensrnittin substantially
`simultaneously a first information
`signal and a second information
`signal, the first information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by a
`first st of base transmitters
`assigned to a first zone, and the
`second information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by a second
`set of base transmitters assigned to a
`second zone
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2604
`
`Dynamically reassigning one or more
`
`
`of the base transmitters in the first set
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of base transmitters assigned to the
`first zone to the second set of base
`transmitters assigned to the second
`zone, thereby creating an updated
`first set of base transmitters and an
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`
`
` Transmitting substantially
`
`‘ simultaneously a third information
`signal and a fourth information signal,
`the third information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated first set of base transmitters,
`and the fourth information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 2506
`
`
`
`39
`
`39
`
`

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`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 28 of 30
`
`f,915,210
`
`F/6. 28/4}
`
`2800
`
`2802
`
`2804
`
` Send a message to disable the
`
`registration feature
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Store the number of probe
`signals sent and a number ct
`
`
`
`
`
`messages successfully
`delivered
`
`
`
` Process the stored number of
`
`probe signals and number of
`messages succesfully
`
`delivered to evaluate a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` ZEUS
`
`
`likelihood that a probe signal
`will be required to be sent by
`the network to locate the mobile
`transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
`lransceiver's capability to
`
`
`
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`unit to enable the mobile
`2808
`
`
`transmit a registration signal if
`
`
`the likelihood exceeds a
`selected value
`
`
`41
`
`41
`
`

`
`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 29 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F16‘. 28(3)
`
`Send a message to enable the
`registration feature
`
`23|0
`
`253i?
`
`Store the number of registration
`signals received and a number
`of messages successfully
`delivered
`
`25I4
`
`Process the stored number of
`
`ZBIE
`
`registration signals and
`number of messages
`succesfully delivered to
`evaluate a liklihood that a
`
`registration signal will be
`received by a base receiver in
`the network that will not be
`used by the network to
`determine a set of base
`
`transmitters to be operated to
`transmit a message to the
`mobile transceiver
`
`
`
` Send a message to the mobile
`unit to disable the mobile
`
`transceivers capability to
`transmit a registration signal it
`the likelihood exceeds a
`selected value
`
`
`
`
`
`42
`
`
`
`l/28|8
`
`
`
`42
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`JI1i1.22,I999
`
`Sheet 30 uf30
`
`5:915:21"
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`
`
`
`1
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING
`NIULTICARRIER S[Ml.|U.'Ja\S'I’
`‘TRANSMISSION
`
`5.915.210
`
`2
`mately equal. problems can arise because destructive inter-
`Eerenne of signals oocurs in these overlap areas such as areas
`D, E, and F. Dutructivc interference occurs when [he two
`aigals are equal in magnitude and 130" out of phase and
`completely cancel each other. While there were some
`successes. reliable design procedures were not available.
`Altcmpnng to precisely synchronize the carrier Erequen—
`cics of all simulcast transmitter-s does not overcome the
`problem because points (i.e_ nodes} at which nestntclive
`summing occurred persisted for long periods of little. at
`such polls. a mobile receiver can not receive the simulcast
`signal.
`Deliberately oliselring the carrier Ereque notes of adjacent
`transmitters can ensure that destructive interference does not
`persist at nnepoint for an extended period of time. The slight
`errors in Ireqttenlcy displayed by high quality reference
`oscillators (e.g., 21] hertz rsnors in 100 MHz signals or at law
`parts in 101) render deliberate ulinelting unnecessary.
`Further, tnnrcly ofilscltlng the carrier frequencies could not
`gunrartlr-6 acceptable quality demodulation because proper
`alignment of the modulating signals in time is also required.
`FIG. 1 displays the situation at, for example, point D in
`FIG. 1 when modulating waveforms are synchronized and
`includes coverage boundary 2052 Eon: a firs! transmitter and
`a second transmitter coverage boundary Ill! from a second
`adjacent
`transmitter. An equi-signal boundary 2ElIl exists
`where the signals Erom the lirst and soeuttd transmitters have
`approximately equal signal strengths. A more realistic equi-
`sigrtal boundary woulcl talte into account natural and an-
`made topography and propagation conditions, and therefore
`would probably not he a straight line.
`FIGS. 3 and -I generally illustrate various signals as they
`may occur at or near the nquiasignal boundary 20!] as shown
`in FIG. 2. ln putimtlar, FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate various
`aspncls of ntodulation synchronization and how altering
`tranr-mission parameters may alfect the synchronization. In
`general.
`there are at least three sources which cause the
`signals fro the lirsl. transmitter and the second transtnittnr
`to he out of synchronization: (1) timing shifls to the delivery
`of the modulating waveform to each of the transmitters; (2)
`tirning shills internal to each transntilter. and (3) timing
`sltifls caused by propagation distances and anomalies. From
`the perspective ole receiver located in an overlap me. these
`three sources of titningshifiseomhine to produce an overall
`liming shifts between the received signals from the firal and
`sound uatnrrnitlcrs.
`In current commercial practice. the
`summation of these three components results in time shifts
`of about me microseconds. Tltr.
`timing t-ltifi present
`in
`simulcast systems dlsadvantageously limits the baud rate at
`which information may be transferred. to geeral. FIGS. 3
`and 4 will also illustrate how timing shifts prevents big:
`baud rate Lransmals-sicns.
`A time line representation of a signal 3136 from a lirsl
`transmitter is shown in FIG. SM) and a signal 308 from a
`second transmitter is shown in FIG,
`both from the
`perspective ofa receiver located in an overlap area. Vertical
`dashed lines 300 represent baud intervals on the time axis.
`As can beseert from FIGS. 3{A}and (Bl, lhesignalafllli and
`3113 are frequency modulated between I high and it
`low
`frequency value and the signals SM and 308 are exactly in
`phase As will be: appreciated, the timing mill between
`signals 306 and 305 must be small when compared lo the
`baud interval shown in l-'lt:lS.3lA) and lb) since signalsilta
`and 308 are in synchronization. Of course. as the baud
`interval decreases. the tinting shim; will likely cause signals
`306 and 335 to be out of synchronisation.
`
`5
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`I5
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`35
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`-15
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`EU
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`55
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`till
`
`This application '5 a conunuation of application Ser. No.
`DE.-".l6{l_457, filed Dec. 6. I996. now abandoned, which is a
`Rule 60 continuation of prior application Ser. No. DW973.
`glli, filed Nov. 12, 1992, mw US. Pat. No. 5.590.103.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`A. Field of the invention
`The present invention relates to methods and systems Eur
`providing two-way communication capability between a
`central network and I mobile unit over I relatively large
`area. and more particularly to such methods and systems
`which afluw for rapid communication nflarge mmsages and
`efinient use crfsyslcm resources.
`3. Description of the Related Art
`Conventional two-way ponablelmnbilz wireless messag-
`ing systcnts often provide a variety of services to subscrib-
`ers. Conventional messaging systems in pa11iD.l]nt" provide
`one-way services using store and forward techniques to
`mobile receivers carried by the sttlz-scriber. A fundamental
`goal of two-way messaging systems is to provides network
`of interconnected transmitters and receivers which provides
`snlfirzieot Lrarnitrerd signal strength and receive capability
`to uniformly cover a geographic region. Sonar: cnnvcnlionel
`messaging systems provide the message to the user on a
`small viewing screen on the mobile unit.
`However. such conventional systems often s.1.t|Ir:r [rum
`problems associated with low system throughput. evidenced
`by slow message delivery and message sine limitation: and
`do not provide an arzkmawledgntent feature wherein the
`mobile unit
`transmits an acknowledgment signal to the
`system to acknowledge reoetpl of the message from the
`system. Generally. system throughput refers to overall oom-
`murticatica capability of a system as defined by the total
`amount of manage data from the system to the mobile units
`transferred by the system during a given period of lime
`divided by the frequency bandwidth necessary to transmit
`the message data and may be rrteasured in bits transferred
`per H1. Further. such conventional systems suller from
`technical problems preventing consistent wide area cover-
`age and would require extremely wide ponio of valuable
`frequency bandwidth to achieve acceptable sfitem through-
`put rates.
`technology in oontntuniuttion systems was
`Simulcast
`originally developed to extend transmitter coverage beym-rd
`that which could be obtained from a single transrniller. Over
`time. however. simulcaslitlg has evolved into a technique
`capable of providing continuous coverage In a large area.
`Generally. simulcast
`technology provides multiple
`rransu:it:ars.apernting on substantially the same frequencies
`and transmitting the saint: information positioned to cover
`extended areas. As shown in FIG. I, transmitter 100 gener-
`ally provides ctrveragc over area A. D, and E. transmitter
`102 generally provides coverage over area 3, D. and E. and
`transmitter 104 generally provides coverage (wet area C, E,
`and F. ln some cases. the coverage area oi’ a first trarntnitter
`may be entirely enclosed within the mveragc area of another
`Iransmirtermucb as in building interiors and va]lcytr.I11 areas
`where one (and only one) transmitter dominates (e.g,. areas
`A. 8. and C in FIG. 1). simulcast is efiective because the
`other transmitters no not signitlcaruly nllect receivers in
`those areas
`However. in "overlap" areas D, E. and F shown in FIG. I.
`where the signals from two or more transmitters no anomal-
`
`44
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`44
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`5,915,210
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`3-
`FIGS. 3'!’-71 (D). and (E) show the summation of these
`two signals 306 and Jill! at an equiaigtlal boundary, such as
`boundary 300 in FIG. 3. FIG. 3(C} shows a wmposite signal
`310 indicating that
`the frequency inionnatiou remain
`unchanged, FIG. 3(D) shows a linear graph 312 of the
`ttlative phase diflenenoe caused by a slight carrier frequency
`difference between the signals {roan the first transmitter and
`the second transmitter. FIG. 3(3) shows a composite ampli-
`tude signal 314. A noise threshold is indicated by the
`horizontal dashed lint: 304 in FIG. 3-(E).
`or interest. FIG. 30:‘) abows the composite amplintda
`signal 314 dipping below the noise threshold JIM at an
`anti-pllase oondilion 309 (e.g., when the relative phase angle
`is 1150'. as shown i.rt FIG. J(D}].As can be’ seen from FIG.
`shi hetweett I.rl.llSilZIill¢l 1 and transmitter 1 will not cause
`3{l':2. the anti-phase uouditinn Jlfl caused by the slight phaae
`any lam nfdata beams: the anti-phase condition persists for
`only a small portion or the baud interval.
`The slight oEse1 f the carrier troqueneies between the
`flrsl and second transmitters causes a slow drift of the
`relative phase of the two signals, as shown in FIG. 3(D).
`When the signals are 2180' out of phase. ttteletnpnrary clip
`in the amplitude signal may cause the Loss of a few bits in
`the composite signal, at worst. These errors can be counter-
`acted with a conventional error correcting code, such as is
`commonly lorown.
`FIG. 4 straws a set“ of similar signals to those in FIG. 3.
`but wherein the signal £01 from the first transmitter is ofiaet
`{rt-.~m.or out c-Esyncbrnnizatinn with, the signal-tlltt Emm the
`second transmitter by a full baud. In particular. signal 404
`tags signal 402 by one band interval. As previously
`discussed. the offset of sigrtalti M12 and #04 may be caused
`by various liming shifts in the delivery of both signal: 402
`and -I-04 to a receiver in an overlap area. FIGS. 40%) met (B)
`illustrate the extreme case where the sum of these timing
`shifts is equal In the baud interval shown by dashed lines
`-100. As can be seen in FIG. 4((?), composite signal 405
`includfi a period of ittdetenrtinale frcqtlcncy which unde-
`sirably covets several entire baud intervals and, therefore.
`successful demodulation is impoatihle during those baud
`interval.-5. !l' the baud interval were inert: ased to minimize the
`other of these liming shins, data loss would be less likely.
`Therefore. it can be seen that the baud rate at which good
`data transfer can he armomplished is limited by the timing
`shifts between signals delivered to receiver: in overlap
`areas.
`Tltrnugtt these examples. it can be seen that high degrees
`or modulation synchronization matte it possible to obtain
`good data demodulation in a sirnuteaet system. However. the
`baud rate limitation of simulcast systems is a significant
`drawback and limits system I.htoug|1puL
`All alternative to simulcast
`for wide area coverage is
`assignment of orthogonal, non-overlapping subdivisions of
`the available system capacity to adjacent areas. Subdivisions
`can be made in tithe [e.g.. broadcastittg the itziortnatiott on
`the same frequency in dilferenl time slots to adjacent areas).
`or in Ezcque1:ley(e.g., broadcasting the information simulta-
`nonuxly on difierent frequencies in adj aoent areas). There are
`several problems with such orthogonal systems. however.
`First, orthogonal assignments require tuning the teoeiver to
`the assigned frequency or time channel for the area in which
`the receiver cu rrently resides. la the broadcast services every
`traveler has experienced the lituatration ofti riding the eorreet
`ehsnoei for their favorite programs. Simulcast operation
`avoids the need for scanning and ru-tuning as the mobile unit
`moves between areas. Such ar.-anning and I'D-ltllilltlg also
`disadvaotageously increases mobile unit power eon5t.trap-
`lion
`
`ID
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`15
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`4
`the orthogonal asaigrunent
`Second. and more serious.
`approach drastically reduos the system throughput capacity
`as. measured in bits per Hz because anywhere from 3 to 7,
`or possibly more. orthogonal aaaigamenla are required to
`obtain continuous area coverage in most conventional
`orthogpnal systems. ‘This waste of capacity is somewhat
`recouped it’ the same information is not needed throughout
`the service area because a given piece of infiormalion isserlt
`only to those cells wlterc it is needed.
`Conventional oeltular radinservioe is a typical example of
`an orthogonal system. In cellular, the same fiequeucica are
`reused in spatially separated all: to allow different data to
`be transmitted to diflferent mobile unils..-kn example of llnee
`cellular arrangements is shown in FIG. 5 where the number
`ofoells (N) is equal to 3. 4. and ‘F. Each cell (i.e.. A, B. C.
`.
`.
`. J in conventional cellular service usually only includes
`a single transmitter and operates in a ditiemtt Frequency or
`lime division within the communication protocol. At shown
`in FIG, 5. ooliular service generally locates transmitters
`utilizing the same division (all the “A" transm