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`Exhibit 2018
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`Exhibit 201 8
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`PHILIP E.
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`MARGOLIS
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`‘ Clear, Clean Illustrations
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`' Over 400 New Entries,
`Plus Major Revisions
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`* Easy to Read
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`* More than 1,900 Terms
`Clearly Explained
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`3 More than 4,000
`Cross References
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`New York
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`RANDOM HOUSE
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`Copyright
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`.1. l9‘J6hv Philip E Mumults
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`All rights rcsm'cd mIthn' lrltcnutn'mattl and l'un-Amcficun Cnp'yngllt Qattt-cnttmls.
`Plll’hldltfll in the ['mtcd States by Rumlmn l-lnusc. lm.
`. New York. uml simultaneously
`at Canada by Rundmn House trfCumtJa. let'ml
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`Thu firm culttum nj'thts (molt was parlahshud lay llandmn Home m l 95”
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`Ltlmtry (.f Congress Cutalugmg-tn-Puhlicutirm Data
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`Margin. Philip E.
`Random House pcmmul cmnpum tltEtlUllttle/
`Philip E. Margolts - -.’nLl LJ
`p. cm.
`lSBN 0—679—76424—0
`I Micrmmnpmcrs—Diutt'mmncs.
`QAFGJS M37 I996
`004.160 —th.20
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`I. Title.
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`95-45508
`Cll’
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`A nmnhcr ofcmcrcd mud; in wlmh lL't.‘ hut-e rum»: to beliwc trademark. sun-ice mark or what
`proprietary right: may amt have been designated as suLh by use of initial cupitalizatirm.
`l luu L'l cr. n 1 uttcmpt has been amulc In dcsagruuc as trudcrnurlu m scn't'u: marks all persnnul
`C-Impmcr u-urds nr tcnns m u-lu'Lh [rmpnctcttjv rights might exist. The itlclttsirilt. cIthtsiml m‘
`.l.-fimtirm of .1 mad m' tent] is nut mtcmlul u- ;tffcnt. or In express any judgmcnt ml. the mlhlit]
`Hr l; cull mum r fun)- pr-Jm'umn ruglus which may he claimed in that word or tun".
`
`liuuh tlcsmm 11': REM Stmliu. Inc.
`lllustmnuus by Jurcd SLllllt’lAlllltll'l Dcsimt lnc
`Dfllduf) pulsl'uhmg by Philip E. Murgulis
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`l‘yfwsu and pruned m the { 'mtul States a! Amcnku
`9 H 7 6 5 4 3 2 l
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`~ao-fl-L:._-.._..--...A.._n;s_...
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`data
`—_—_—_—_—_—_-_'—__-_——\
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`hold from Z to *3 gigabytes of data. It can support data transfer hues of
`about l0 megabytes per minute. Like other types of tapes. DATS are
`sequential access media.
`The most common format for DAT cartridges is DDS (digital data
`storage).
`
`“0 See also gigalryle; JIILISS storage; nwgnlryte; sequential access; tape,
`
`data: (1) Information. usually formatted in a special way. All software iq
`divided into two general categories: dam and prom-inns. Programs are
`collections of instructions for manipulating data.
`Data can exist in a variety of forms—as numbers or text on Pieces
`of paper. as hits and bytes stored in electronic memory. or as facts
`stored in a person's mind.
`Strictly speaking. data is the plural of datum. a single piece of infor.
`mation. In practice, however. people use data as both the singular and
`plural form of the word.
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`"’ See also program; software.
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`(2) The term than is often used to distinguish binary machineoread.
`able information from textual human-readable information. For
`example. some applications make a distinction between data fries (files
`that contain binary data) and text files (files that contain ASCII data).
`
`" See also lmutry; ASCll.
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`(3) In database numagement systems. data files are the files that store
`the database information. whereas other files. such as index files and
`data dictionaries. store administrative information.
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`It See also Jamison.- nuimigement system; data dictionary.
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`database: (1) A collection of information organized in such a way that
`a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. YOU
`can think of a database as an electronic filing system.
`Traditional databases are organized by fields. records, and files. A f
`lete set 0
`field is a single piece of information; a record is one comp
`a telephone
`fields; and a file is a collection of records. For example.
`11 of “'th
`book is analogous to a file. It contains a list of records. caC
`her (Fig'
`consists of three fields: name. address. and telephone num
`ure ll).
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`196
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`database management system (DBMS)
`—————-————_____________
`An alternative concept in database design is known
`In
`as Hypertext
`a Hypertext database. any object. whether it he
`a piece of text. a pie-
`rare. or a film. can he linked to any min.-
`r object. Hypertext datahases
`are particularly useful for organizing l
`arge amounts. of disparate infor-
`matiun. but they are not tle
`higned for numerical analyhih.
`TU acct-55 information from a database.
`you need a tlatulmst- inane-(qr-
`mcmwucm man-m. This is a wile
`etiun of programs that enables you
`to enter. organize. and welect data in a Llatahahe.
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`. See alto Ililllll‘tl'fl-L’ inamtsrement nun-m.- fluid; file;
`rtltm- L‘Itll (laminae
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`l lvpurtutt; warm-l;
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`i3] Increasingly. the term database it: used
`illtt'llLlLfL'lllUll them.
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`as shorthand for .latait-uc
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`=- See also tlutnlms‘c :mmngtment “stun .
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`File
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`6-1 Mud
`Montgomery Leander
`54 ()4an
`montgomary Lilla Man
`Montgomery M aIBHawthotn
`Montgomery fJIary matches]
`montgomery M.:haol
`30 Pulman
`Monlgomery melt-19m Mary
`130 E 4
`14D Quay
`Montgomery Mike
`Montgomery Peggy FII Narrows
`Montgomery Ray
`25 State
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`TE? 9842
`52437:“
`25-! 6783
`733 ”3-3
`686 7833
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`222 4896
`68743621
`376 53??
`2533858
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`Record
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`Mmammal Bay
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`25 State
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`253-8858
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`Figure 2|: l.'..i .-|'-
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`Fields
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`databaSe
`”1an Tanagement system (DBMS): A Cnlle
`ctiun tifprngramh that
`5 W" “‘ hlUI'e. modify. and e
`base. TiIL'I'E.‘ are
`xtraet inlonnatinn from a data-
`"liltw dillerent typeq of DBik-ISS. ranging from amall
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`12?
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