United States Patent
`E_gger et at.
`
`[19]
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US005832494A
`[111 Patent Number:
`[45) Date of Patent:
`
`5,832,494
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`[54) M ETHOD AND A PPARATUS FOR INDEXING,
`SEARCHING AND DISPLAYING DATA
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Daniel Egger, Durham; Shawn
`Cannon, Hillsborough; Ronald D.
`Sau ers, Mebane, all of N.C.
`
`(73) Assignee: Libertech, Inc., Durha m, N.C.
`
`(2 1) Appl. No.: 649,304
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`May 17, 1996
`
`Gelbart & Smith, "Beyond Boolean Search: Flexicon, A
`Legal Text- Based Intelligent System," ICAI L '91 (1991).
`Lin, "A Self-Qrganiz.ing Semantic Map f(lr Information
`Retrieval," SIGIR '91 (1991).
`Tur tle & Croft, " Interference Networks for Document
`Retrieval," SIGR '90 (1990).
`Uz.z.i, V-search Integration Toolk it for Folio Views, User's
`Manual, 6 Dec. 1995.
`Uzzi, V-Search Publisher's Toolkit, Beta Release 2.0,
`User 's Manual, Dec. 8, 1995.
`Primary Examiner- Way ne Arnsbury
`Anorney, Agent, or Firm-Dorsey & W hitney LLP
`
`Related U.S. A pplication Data
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`( 63) Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 76,658, Ju n. 14, 1993, Pat.
`No. 5,544,352.
`lnt. Cl.6
`(5 1)
`.......... ............................ ... .... ......... G 06F 17/ 30
`(52] U.S. CI ................................. 707/102; 707/104; 707/5
`(58] Field of' Search ..................................... 707/102, 104,
`707/5
`
`[56]
`
`R eferences Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`9/19R9 Fujisawa et al. ........................... 7frl/5
`4,868,733
`5,265,065 11/1993 Turtle ...................................... 395/600
`5,287,493 2/1994 Jacopi ......................................... 707/4
`1/1995 lledt in et al. ............................... 707/4
`5,386,556
`5,47 1,611 11/1995 McGregor ................................... 707/4
`8/1996 Egger .......................................... 707!5
`5,544,352
`8/1996 Marks et al. ............................ 707/501
`5,546,517
`5,586,311 12/1996 Davies et al. ............................... 707/ 1
`5!'1997 Vachey ........................................ 7frl/2
`5,630,120
`7/1997 Sumita et al. .......................... 707/103
`5,649,193
`
`OTHE R PUBLICATIONS
`
`Agosti, et a!., "a Two-level Hypertext Retrieval Model for
`Legal Data," SIGIR ' 91 (1991).
`Fowler, eta!., " Integrating Query, Thesaurw; and Docume nts
`Through a Common Visual Rep resentation, " SIGIR '91
`(1991).
`Rose & Belew, " Legal Information Re trieval: A Hybrid
`Approach," ICAIL '89 (1989).
`Belew, Richard, "A Connectionist Approach to Conceptual
`Information Retrieval," !CAlL '87 (1987).
`
`A computer research tool for indexing, searching and dis(cid:173)
`playing da ta is disclosed . Specifically, a computer research
`tool for performing computerized research of data including
`textual objects in a database or a network and for providing
`a user interface that significantly enhances data presentation
`is described. Textual objects and other data in a database or
`network is indexed by cre ating a numerical representation of
`the data. The indexing technique called proximity indexi ng
`genera tes a quick-reference of the relations , patterns and
`similarity found among the data in the database. Proximity
`indexing indexes the data by using statistical techniques and
`empirically developed algorithms. Using
`this proximity
`index., an efficient search for pools of data having a particular
`relatio n, pattern or c haracteristic can be effectuated. The
`Computer Search program, called the Computer Search
`Program for Data represented in Matrices (CSPDM), pro(cid:173)
`vides efficient computer search methods. The CSPDM ra nk
`orders data in accordance with tbe data' s relations hip to
`time, a paradigm datum, or any similar reference. A n alter(cid:173)
`native embodiment of the invention employs a cluster link
`generation algorithm w b.ich uses links and nodes to index
`and search a database or network. The algorithm searches
`for direct and indirect links to a search node a nd retrieves the
`nodes which are most closely related to the search node. The
`user interface program, called the Graphic al User Interface
`(GUI), provides a user friendl y method of interacting with
`the CSPDM program and prepares and presents a visu al
`graphical display. The graphical display provides the user
`with a two or three dimensional spatial o rientation of the
`data.
`
`33 Claims, 56 Drawing S heets
`
`r-=:-l.-"·
`~
`
`I M~~ } "
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`~
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`001
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 1 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`26 I
`
`58
`
`S EPARATE
`MEMORY
`
`54
`
`38
`
`30
`
`DISPLAY
`
`COMPUTER
`PROCESSOR
`
`DATABASE
`
`/ 28
`
`SEPARATE
`COMPUTER
`PROCESSOR
`
`42
`
`46
`
`50
`
`Fig. I
`
`002
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 2 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`60 /
`
`62
`
`66
`
`PROXIMITY
`INDEXING
`APPLICATION
`PROGRAM
`
`CSPDM
`
`GUI
`PROGRAM
`
`70
`
`Fig. 2
`
`003
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 3 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`INITIALIZE
`DATA
`
`74
`v
`"'
`
`DETERMINE
`TEXTUAL OBJECT /
`RElATIONSHIPS
`"
`
`78
`
`62
`
`/
`
`DETERMINE
`PARAGRAPH TO
`/
`TEXTUAL OBJECT
`RELATIONSHIPS "
`
`80
`
`CLUSTER
`AND
`SECTION
`
`84
`
`v
`
`/
`
`DETERMINE
`RELATIONSHIPS
`BETWEEN
`SECTIONS
`
`/
`"'
`
`88
`
`GOTOCSPDM
`ROUTINE
`
`/
`
`/
`
`92
`
`Fig. 3A
`
`004
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 4 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`INITIAL
`EXTRACTOR
`
`96
`
`v
`,
`
`OPINION
`PATTERNER
`
`.. /
`
`1 00
`
`OPINION
`WEAVER
`
`1 04
`, /
`
`PARAGRAPH
`PATTERNER
`(OPTIONAL)
`
`1
`08
`, /
`
`/
`
`PARAGRAPH
`WEAVER
`
`1
`
`.. V 12
`
`1 16
`
`SECTION
`COMPARISON
`SUBROUTINE
`
`/
`
`/
`
`Fig. 3B
`
`005
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 5 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`120
`
`124
`
`SECT IONER /.,..._____,
`(GEOGRAPHIC)
`
`......----4 " SECTIONER
`(TOPICAL)
`
`128
`SECTION
`EXTRACTOA.......-V
`
`SECTION
`132
`PATTERNER .,.....V
`
`136
`SECTION ~V
`WEAVER
`'
`
`Fig. JC
`
`006
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 6 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`140 "'
`
`INITIALIZE CORE'
`ENGLISH WORDS
`
`CREATEpxw
`BOOLEAN INDEX
`MATR.IX
`
`144
`V
`
`~
`
`,
`
`96
`
`/
`
`INITIAL
`EXTRACTOR
`
`POOL
`PATTERNER
`
`152
`..... v
`
`156
`...,......v
`
`POOL
`WEAVER
`
`POOL
`SECTIONER
`
`160
`
`.. v
`
`SECTION
`EXTRACTOR
`
`SECTION
`PATTERNER
`
`132
`.. V
`
`SECTION
`WEAVER
`
`Fig. 3D
`
`007
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`

`2011
`
`2.QOO
`
`type
`
`LINK
`
`Weight
`
`NODE
`
`to
`
`from
`
`2004
`
`type
`
`2020
`
`LINK SUBTYPE
`
`#Name
`-Comme,nt Descriptor
`-Comment Display Order
`-Comment Placeholder.
`-Always Display Comment
`
`20 2 1
`
`2022
`
`2023
`
`2027
`
`2021
`
`2021
`
`#Name
`-Title Descriptor
`
`~
`
`subtype
`
`#NAME
`-ExAttr Table ~
`
`2018
`
`style
`
`subtype
`
`2021
`
`a
`'0~
`'~
`\S'1-.-' ,~., ...
`
`,~
`
`~ ', ____ ~·----------~
`
`search
`
`earlier
`
`late r
`
`VISUAL STYLE
`
`#Name
`
`~
`
`2014
`
`2021
`
`Fig. 3E
`
`0 •
`rJ).
`•
`~
`~ .....
`~ = .....
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`z
`0
`~
`"'~
`.....
`'.c
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`oe
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`Q\
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`...
`Ol
`~ w
`...
`N
`~
`~
`~
`
`008
`
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 8 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`2008
`
`Fig. 3F
`
`2008
`
`2036
`
`Fig. 3G
`
`009
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 9 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`2044
`
`Start with Co = the set of candidate cluster
`links containing one path of length zero from
`the start node No. ~
`~
`I Fori= 0 toN ...
`
`Start with a new empty candidate
`cluster link set Ci +1
`2054
`
`-1-
`For each path P in Co ...
`
`Let Ni = the destination node of this path P.
`Retrieve the set of direct links L from N i to any
`other node N i+1 in the database.
`2056
`~
`I For each direct link L .. .
`
`Create a new path P' of length i+1
`consisting of the path P plus the direct
`link L from Ni to this N i +1
`2060
`~
`Determine the combined weight WCi+1
`from WCj, the weight of the path P, and
`Wi+ 1, the weight of link L, as follows:
`VI.Ci+1 = min(WCi, Di+1 * W i+ 1).
`
`2068
`
`L2o64
`
`Is there
`already a path
`in Ci from No
`to this
`Ni+ 1?
`
`yes
`
`no
`
`Add P ' to Ci+1 I
`I
`2072
`
`Add WCi+ 1 to the weight of
`the existing path in Ci+1 r - 2076
`
`Fig. 3H
`
`010
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 10 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`200
`
`Enter
`CSPDM
`(text)
`
`228
`
`Execute
`Boolean
`Search or
`Alternate
`Pool-
`Generation
`Method
`
`Cases-In
`Sub(cid:173)
`routine
`
`Cases(cid:173)
`After
`Sub-
`
`Pool(cid:173)
`Similarity
`Sub(cid:173)
`routine
`
`2'56
`
`Pool(cid:173)
`Paradigm(cid:173)
`Similarity
`Sub(cid:173)
`routine
`
`/ 224
`
`GUI
`
`212
`
`Fig. 4A
`
`011
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 11 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`Fig. 4B
`
`N
`
`EXECUTE
`ORRESPONOING
`POOLSEAROi
`
`ANALYZE
`INFO
`
`240
`
`EXECUTE
`BOOLEAN SEARCH
`OR ALTERNATE
`POOL GENERATION
`METHOO
`
`N
`
`228
`
`EXECUTE
`CORRESPONDING
`TEXTUAl OBJECT
`SEARCH
`
`RETRIEVE INFO
`FROM DATABASE
`
`ANALYZE
`INFO
`
`N
`
`70
`
`DISPLAY
`RESULT
`(GUll)
`
`012
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 12 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`232
`
`/
`
`RECEIVE SELECTION OF A
`SINGLE TEXTUAL OBJECT
`FROM RESEARCHER
`
`v
`,.,.
`
`400
`
`EXAMINE nxn OPINION
`CITATION MATRIX AND
`OTHER FACTORS
`
`404
`
`/
`
`/
`
`RETRIEVE CITED
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`
`,...,
`
`408
`
`/
`
`Fig. 4C
`
`013
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 13 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`236
`
`/
`
`RECEIVE SELECTION OF A
`SINGLE TEXTUAL OBJECT
`FROM RESEARCHER
`
`/
`
`400
`
`/
`
`EXAMINE n x n OPINION
`CITATION MATRIX AND
`OTHER FACTORS
`
`412
`
`/ v
`
`RETRIEVE CITING
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`
`/ v 416
`Fig. 4D
`
`014
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 14 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`240
`
`/
`
`RECEIVE SELECTION OF A
`SINGLE TEXTUAL OBJECT
`FROM RESEARCHER
`
`/
`
`400
`
`v
`
`EXAMINE q x q SECTION
`SIMILARITY MATRIX AND
`OTHER FACTORS
`
`420
`
`/
`/ '
`
`RETRIEVE SIMILAR
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`
`,.,....
`424
`
`/
`
`Fig. 4E
`
`015
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`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 15 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`244
`
`RECEIVE POOL OF
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`IDENTIFIED BY
`RESEARCHER
`
`428
`
`RECEIVE ADDITIONAL
`TEXTUAL OBJECT THAT
`RESEARCHER ~--~
`SELECTED FROM
`OUTSIDE OF POOL
`
`432
`
`EVALUATE nxn
`OPINION SIMILARITY
`MATRIX FOR SELECTED
`TEXTUAL OBJECT AND
`OTHER TEXTUAL
`OBJECTS IN POOL
`
`DETERMINE S IMILARITY
`OF OTHER TEXTUAL
`OBJECTS IN POOL TO
`SELECTED TEXTUAL
`OBJECT
`
`436
`
`440
`
`Fig. 4F
`
`016
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 16 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`248
`
`/
`
`RECEIVE POOL
`OF TEXTUAL
`OBJECTS
`IDENTIFIED BY
`RESEARCHER
`
`428
`
`v
`
`/
`
`EVALUATE nxn
`OPINION
`PROXIMITY MATRIX
`FORPOOLOF
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`
`448
`
`v
`
`/
`
`DETERMINE PARADIGM
`TEXTUAL OBJECT BY
`CALCULATING THE MEAN
`OF EUCLIDEAN DISTANCES
`OF TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`IN POOL
`
`452
`
`, /
`
`456
`
`/ v
`
`DETERMINE SIMILARITY
`BETWEEN PARADIGM
`TEXTUAL OBJECT AND
`OTHER TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`IN POOL
`
`Fig. 4G
`
`017
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 17 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`252
`
`/
`
`428
`
`RECEIVE POOL
`OF TEXTUAL
`OBJECTS
`IDENTIFIED BY
`RESEARCHER
`
`EVALUATE nxn
`OPINION MATRIX
`FORPOOLOF
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`
`448
`
`...... v
`
`EVALUAT E NUMERICAL
`FACTORS AND RESULTS
`OF WEIGHING ALGORITHM V
`CALCULATED BY THE
`'
`OPINION PATIERNER
`SUBROUTINE FOR T HE
`POOL OF TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`
`460
`
`464
`
`/
`
`DETERMINE IMPORTANCE /
`OF EACH TEXTUAL
`OBJECT IN POOL
`
`Fig. 4H
`
`018
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 18 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`42
`8
`
`RECEIVE POOL OF /
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS~
`SELECTED BY -- - - - - - - 1
`
`RESEARCHER
`
`...
`
`256
`
`/
`
`EVALUATE nxn
`PROXIMITY MATRIX
`
`EVALUATE nxn
`PATTERN MATRIX
`
`+
`
`SELECT COLUMNS OF
`PROXIMITY MATRIX
`CORRESPONDING TO
`POOL OF TEXTUAL
`OBJECTS
`/
`
`468
`
`/
`
`+
`
`S ELECT COLUMNS
`OF PATTERN MATRIX
`CORRESPONDING TO
`
`OBJECTS
`
`/
`
`POOL OF T EXTUAL v
`
`484
`
`CREATE PD
`VECTOR
`
`4 72
`
`/ v
`
`CREATE PF
`VECTOR
`
`88
`
`4 v
`
`/
`
`/4 76
`
`48
`01
`
`CREATE
`(n+1) x (n+1)
`PROXIMITY MATRIX
`
`/
`
`CREATE
`(n+1) x (n+1 )
`SIMILARITY MATRIX
`
`r----- I
`/ v
`
`~
`
`492
`
`CREATE
`(n+1) x (n+1)
`PATTERN MATRIX
`
`/
`
`96
`4
`
`CREATE
`(n+1) x (n+1 )
`PROXIMITY MATRIX
`
`/
`
`""""
`
`AWAIT SEARCH
`FROM SIMILAR
`CASES
`SUBROUTINE
`
`/
`
`50 0
`
`
`"""
`
`I
`
`I - - -
`
`Fig. 41
`
`019
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 19 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`400
`
`/
`
`/
`
`428
`/
`
`/
`
`SELECTED SINGLE
`TEXTUAL OBJECT
`
`SELECTED POOL OF
`TEXTUAL OBJECTS
`
`I
`I
`232/
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`
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`
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`
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`
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`Sub-
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`
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`Display
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`
`516
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`
`524
`
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`520 GUI
`532
`528
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`
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`
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`
`38
`
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`
`508
`
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`
`~
`
`70
`
`Fig. 5A
`
`020
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`Nov. 3, 1998
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`Sheet 27 of 56
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`U.S. Patent
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`Nov. 3, 1998
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`Sheet 28 of 56
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`5,832,494
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`61 T.C.M. 1782 (1991)
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`92
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`I ALVES V. COMMISSIONER, 734 F. 2D 478 (9TH CIR. 19841
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`DIEGO, CALIF, 92101, FOR PETITIONERS-APPELLANTS. JAY MILLER,
`~RTMENT OF JUSTICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20530, FOR
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`
`033
`
`Facebook Inc. Ex. 1201
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 33 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`SELECT ANCHOR POINTS
`FOR INFORMATION TYPES
`2200
`
`PLOT INFORMATION
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`Facebook Inc. Ex. 1201
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`BROWN V. UNITED STATES
`358 F. 20 1002 (CT. Cl. 1984)
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`OVERRULED: ISSUE NO. 1 (1992) 113 s. CT. 2035
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`19 CL. CT. 650 (1990)
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`855 F. 20 1556 (FEO. CIR. 1988)
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`14 Cl. CT. 8 (1987)
`I DISTINGUISHING ISSUE NO. 1 AT 11
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`13 Cl. CT. 368 (1987)
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`I DISTINGUISHING ISSUE NO. 1 AT 370
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`12 Cl. CT. 197 (19871
`ISSUE NO. 1 AT 212
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`27 FED. Cl. 672 (1993)
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`26 CL. CT. 88411992)
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`Sheet 38 of 56
`Fig.JOB-1
`
`5,832,494
`
`I TERRY v. OHIO
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`292 U.S. 1 (1 968)
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`I U.S. CONST. AMEND. IV 1791
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 3, 1998
`
`Sheet 39 of 56
`
`5,832,494
`
`Fig.JOB-2
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`389 U.S. 347, 351 11967)
`(HARLAN, J., CONCURRING)
`L. TIFFANY ET. AL.,
`DETECTION OF CRIME (1967)
`PRESTON V. UNIT