United States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`[11]
`
`3,792,462
`
`Casey et al.
`-
`[45] Feb. 12, 1974
`
`
`[75]
`
`[54l METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
`CONTROLLING A MULTl—MODE
`SEGMENTED ])[spLAY
`Inventors: Richard C. Casey, Darien; Robert J.
`Duggan, Monroe; Stephen A.
`Grosky, Monroe; Dixon T. Jen,
`Monroe; John J. Serra, Monroe, all
`Of Conn.
`
`'
`
`[73] Assignee: Bunker Ramo Corporation, Oak
`Brook I“.
`’
`Sept. 8, 1971
`Filed:
`A L N J 178 728
`PP
`°
`’
`
`[22]
`21
`
`l
`
`l
`
`3,609,743
`
`9/l97l
`
`Lasoff el al. ............... .. 340/324 AD
`
`Primary Exami'ner—David L. Trafton
`Attorney’ Agent’ or Firm—F' M Arbucklel R' 1'
`Kmnsdorf
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A method and apparatus for controlling a segmented
`display on a processor read-out device. An address-
`.
`.
`.
`.
`able memory is provided for storing segments of infor-
`mation which may be displayed. The addresses of the
`segments presently being displayed are stored and
`these addresses are utilized to retrieve the information
`to be displayed in each of the segments.
`The segmented display may be presented in a plurality
`-
`.
`.
`-~
`-.
`-
`
`ggajgfifgigg 3,1335:-$4 :;§;,:3;‘g ,',;g3;°g“,'f:,:*,,f,:;
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`and for altering the information which is displayed in
`:'::(lile‘?)ff illlilseplr:y(:(l/easriolzlshgllndgziii :iS1U:t‘l:J};a}[)]E:f()llI']m:3l:lEl
`Among these functions may be the positioning of an
`entry marker,
`the saving or clearing of a memory
`segment which may be used for different
`types of
`information in different modes, and the chaining
`together of related segments for the selected mode.
`
`53 Claims, 26 Drawing Figures
`
`52
`
`U.S. CI .......................... .. 340 324 AD 340154
`
`#51} M. c.. ...................................’........... (mi Q/.4
`
`Field of Search .................... .. 340/324 AD, 154
`References Cited
`UNITED STATES PATENTS
`4/I971
`Greenblum etal ............... ..340/154
`2/l972
`Roberts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`. . . .. 340/l54
`10/1957
`K051? 31 31-
`340/324 A
`“/19”
`09h” ------------ --
`-- 340/324 AD
`2/1969
`Clark ................ ..
`.. 340/324 AD
`8/I970
`Crislimagna et al. ......... .. 340/324 A
`
`
`
`3,573,732
`3,643,252
`3,346,353
`1524-532
`3,426,344
`3,524,181
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`1
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`3,792,462
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`2
`
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING
`A MULTI-MODE SEGMENTED DISPLAY
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`Related copending applications of particular interest
`with respect to this invention include application Ser.
`No. 178,690, filed Sept. 8, 1971 on behalf of Francis
`E. Albrecht, et al. and entitled “Method and Apparatus
`for Generating a Traveling Display” and application
`Ser. No. 178,692, filed Sept. 8, 1971, on behalf of
`Francis E. Albrecht, et al. and entitled “Raster‘Control
`Device.”
`—
`
`This invention relates to method and apparatus for
`controlling the display of a plurality of different seg-
`ments of information on a processor read-out device
`and more particularly to a system for controlling the
`operation of a segmented cyclically refreshed display
`which may display information in a plurality of differ-
`ent modes.
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`In display systems which utilize display devices such
`as cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which do not have storage
`capability, an external storage device must be pro-
`vided. Information is read-out from the storage device
`in‘ some predetermined sequence and utilized to refresh
`the display on the display device. Normally there is a
`one-to-one correspondence between character storage
`positions in the memory device and character display
`positions on the display device. Where a plurality of
`display devices are being refreshed from a single mem-
`ory, separate memory positions are required for each
`character which appears on each display device.
`While for many applications the system described
`above is adequate, it can lead to the redundant storage
`of information where a given unit of information, such
`as for example a newswire or a stock morket ticker, is
`to be displayed on a number of the display devices
`being refreshed from the memory. Where the data is
`displayed in a common position on all of the display de-
`vices, theproblem indicated above has in the past been
`solved by the use of suitable gating circuits. However,
`where a segmented display is provided, and the user is
`given the option of displaying a particular type of infor-
`mation in different areas or segments of the display, the
`problem of optimum utilization of memory becomes
`more complicated.
`~
`Further, the characters to be displayed on agiven dis-
`play devicehave normally been stored in sequential, or
`at least related (i.e. position-separated by uniform num-
`ber ofcharacters from each other) positions in memory
`so that a fixed clocking arrangement may be utilized to
`read’-out from the memoryand distribute the read-out
`characters to the appropriate display device. However,
`with” asegmented display where some stored segments
`of information are displayed in different» segment posi-
`tions, or even in the same segment position, on a num-
`ber of different display devices, while, during the’ same
`refresh of the displays, information to be displayed in
`each‘ of the other segments of the displays are derived
`each from a different memory segment, the ordering of
`th'e~memory to permit sequential read-out for each dis-
`play device is no longer possible. Where‘ the operator
`is further given the option of displaying information in
`a plurality of different modes, with it being possible to
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`display a given item of information in different segment
`positions in different modes, and also being possible to
`display different types and items of information in each
`ofthe modes, there is no way to efficiently store the in-
`formation required for the various modes in any prede-
`termined order.
`With a segmented display in general, and with a mul-
`ti-mode segmented display in particular, a need there-
`fore exists for a new approach to the obtaining of infor-
`mation from memory to refresh the display. This ap-
`proach should ideally permit each item of informa-tion
`which is to be displayed on one or more display devices
`to be stored in memory only once, and should provide
`maximum flexibility in the assignment of memory areas
`or segments to control the display of information on
`one or more segments of associated display devices.
`With display devices of the type indicated above, a
`-keyboard or other data entry device is normally pro-
`vided to permit the operator to request data in a given
`display segment, to alter the data displayed in that seg-
`ment, or to perform various editing, mode selection or
`other functions. A visible entry marker on the display
`normally indicates the position on the display at which
`a new character will appear or at which an editing func-
`tion will commence. The control system stores an indi-
`cation of the position of the entry marker and causes
`functions called for by the keyboard to be commenced
`at the indicated position in the corresponding memory
`segment. When,
`in a system of the type indicated
`above, there is a change in the mode of display, a deter-
`mination must be made of the position in which the
`entry marker is to be placed in the new display mode.
`If the entry marker always was positioned in the first
`character position of the first segment of the display,
`this would be a relatively simple operation. However,
`there are various types of displayed information over
`which the operator has no control. These types ofinfor-
`mation are generally referred to as common displays
`and includes such items as newswire, stock market
`ticker, and other information generated from a com-
`mon source. When a new mode is selected, a determi-
`nation must be made as to the segments which contain
`common displays and the entry marker placed in the
`first character position of the first segment which does
`not contain a common display. If all segments are com-
`mon, then no entry marker is displayed for the particu-
`lar mode of operation. In addition, the operator may be
`given the capability of indicating a particular type of
`display in which he would like the entry marker to be
`positioned. In order to perform this function, the sys-
`tem must have the capability of determining the type of
`display appearing in each of the segments and of posi-
`tion-ing the entry marker in the first character position
`of the first segment or next segment containing the de-
`sired type of information.
`There may also be applications where more than one
`segment of the display will be required in order to dis-
`play a particular type of information. When two or
`more segments are chained together in this way, a way
`must be provided so that, for example, when an entry
`marker is homed or some other similar function is per-
`formed, the system will know to return to the first of
`the chained segments.
`_
`Another problem which may arise with a multi-mode
`display is that the information displayed in a given seg-
`A ment for a given mode may be periodically updated.
`With common displays such as newswire this of course
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`occurs continuously with appropriate changes being
`made in the storage segment containing this informa-
`tion. However, in order to conserve memory, a particu-
`lar memory segment may be utilized to store different
`types of information for different display modes.
`Where one of the types of information is periodically
`updated, such as for example, displays of stock quota-
`tions, it would be preferrable if this information could
`be retained and the updating of this information contin-
`ued during the period that the information is not being
`displayed. However, if the particular memory segment
`is being utilized to display a different type of informa-
`tion in the newly selected display mode, then the mem-
`ory segment must be cleared and the update inhibited.
`Means for performing these functions should thus be
`provided.
`Finally, the operator should be provided with a capa-
`bility for changing the types of information and/or the
`arrangement of information which is displayed in each
`of the -various modes. The system must thus have the
`capability of responding to mode change requests and
`for performing the necessary memory updates.
`While the requirements indicated above exist partic-
`ularly for cyclically refreshed display devices, many of
`the requirements would exist equally for other proces-
`sor read-out devices when operating to present multi-
`mode segmented information. Thus, where appropriate
`in the discussion to follow. the term display may be
`considered to generically apply to processor read-out
`devices.
`It is therefore a primary object of this invention to
`provide a new approach to the controlling of a seg-
`mented information presentation and more particularly
`to the controlling of a multimode segmented display.
`A more specific object of this invention is to provide
`an approach of the type indicated above which permits
`each item of information to be displayed to be stored
`only once in a memory device and to permit maximum
`flexibility in the assignment of memory segments for
`storing information to be displayed on a given display
`device in a given mode.
`Another object of this invention is to provide an ap-
`proach of the type indicated above which permits entry
`markers to be positioned in a segment containing a de-
`sired type of information but prevents the positioning
`of an entry marker in a common segment.
`Another object of this invention is to permit two or
`more segments to be chained together for the display
`of common informa-tion and to effect the various con-
`trols required by such chaining.
`Still another object of this invention is to permit
`memory segments to be utilized to store different types
`of information for different modes of operation of a
`given display device while permitting information to be
`saved, and if appropriate updated, when the display is
`in a mode which does not require the use of the mem-
`ory segment for either type of information which it is
`adapted to store.
`A still further object of this invention is to provide a
`system and approach of the type indicated above with
`the capability on the part of the operator of varying the
`type and arrangement of information which is to be dis-
`played in each of the available modes.
`SUMMARY OF INVENTION
`
`In accordance with these objects this invention pro-
`vides a system for displaying a plurality of different seg-
`
`ments of information on a cyclically refreshed display
`device such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). An address-
`able memory means is also provided for storing a plu-
`rality of segments of infonnation. The memory ad-
`dresses of the segments presently being displayed are
`stored by a suitable means. The contents of a selected
`segment of the memory is read-out to refresh a segment
`of the display device. When refresh from a given mem-
`ory segment is completed, the addresses stored in the
`memory address storing means are utilized to deter-
`mine the address of the selected memory segment to be
`utilized to refresh the next segment of the display de-
`vice. The memory address storing means stores the ad-
`dresses of the segments presently being displayed on
`each of the plurality of display devices. In addition, a
`means is provided for storing the memory addresses of
`the segments to be displayed in each of the modes for
`each of the display devices. When a new mode is se-
`lected by a suitable mode selecting means, the memory
`addresses for the segments for the new selected mode
`are transferred into the positions for the given display
`device in the means for storing the memory addresses
`of the segments presently being displayed.
`An entry marker is displayed to indicate the display
`position where new information is be displayed or an
`editing function may begin. When a new mode is se-
`lected, a determination is made by a suitable means of
`the first segment in the new mode which is not a com-
`mon segment and an indication of the memory address
`of this position is stored in a suitable means. When
`there is a mode change, a means is also provided for de-
`termining if any memory segment utilized to store in-
`formation in more than one mode contains information
`in the previous mode which is to be saved and a means
`is provided for determining if the segment containing
`saved information is to be utilized in the new mode. If
`the segment is to be utilized in the new mode, a means
`is provided for clearing the segment.
`Means are also provided for indicating segments con-
`taining related information including means for indicat-
`ing the first and last segments of a chain of segments
`containing related information. Finally, means are pro-
`vided for generating a form on the display for setting up
`a new mode, and means are provided in the system for
`generating the various segment address indications and
`information type indications required for the new mode
`and for storing these indications in the appropriate
`storing means.
`The foregoing and other objects, features and advan-
`tages of the invention will be apparent from the follow-
`ing more particular description ofa preferred embodi-
`ment of the invention as illustrated in the accompany-
`ing drawings.
`
`IN THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is an illustration of an exemplary display for
`a preferred embodiment of the invention.
`FIGS. 2-5 are diagrams illustrating various ways in
`which the display may be segmented for a preferred
`embodiment of the invention.
`FIGS. 6A—6B, when combined, form a schematic
`block diagram of the system ofa preferred embodiment
`of the invention.
`FIG. 7 is a diagram of a keyboard layout suitable for
`use in the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS.
`6A—6B.
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`FIGS. 8A-8B, when combined, form a diagram illus-
`trating the information contained in a device control
`area of the memory shown in FIG. 6A.
`FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a portion of the infor-
`mation contained at the beginning of one of the operat-
`ing segments of the memory shown in FIG. 6A.
`FIGS. l0A—l0B, when combined, form a generalized
`flow diagram of the operations performed by the sys-
`tem in response to various inputs from a keyboard.
`FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of the operations involved
`in displaying the stored information.
`FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of the operations involved
`in changing the type of information or arrangement of
`information displayed for one or more of the modes at
`a given display device.
`FIG. 13A is an illustration of the mask displayed for
`mode set-up initial assignment.
`FIG. 13B is an illustration of an exemplary mask dis-
`played for mode set-up change.
`FIGS.
`l4A—l4F, when combined as shown in FIG.
`14, form a detailed flow diagram of the operations per-
`formed when a mode or function key is depressed on
`a keyboard.
`FIGS. l5A—l5B, when comvined, form a schematic
`block diagram of an illustrative control unit sutiable for
`use as the control unit shown in FIG. 6B.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF DISPLAY
`
`FIG. 1 is an illustration of a typical display which
`might appear on the face of a cathode ray tube screen
`or the screen of a similar display device utilizing the
`teachings of this invention. The particular display
`shown in FIG. 1 is for a stock market information sys-
`tem. For purposes of illustration, the discussion to fol-
`low will be primarily with respect to such a system.
`FIG. 2 is a diagram of the format of the display shown
`in FIG. I. From FIGS. 1 and 2 it is seen that with this
`display format, three lines are utilized to display New
`York Stock Exchange (NYSE) ticker, three lines for
`American Stock Exchange (ASE) ticker. A three line
`inter-segment space (ISS) is provided followed by six
`lines of quote information relating to a particular stock,
`another three line ISS, and six lines which will be as-
`sumed to be management information generated either
`at the display itself for storage in the system or gener-
`ated at some other terminal of a user system. The last
`six lines might also be newswire information from a
`newswire service. As may be best seen in FIG. 2, the
`lines of the display are normally 401characters wide the
`lines extending from a character five to a character 44
`position. However, in order to provide maximum dwell
`time on the display for a moving tick-er, the full 48 pos-
`sible characters are utilized for each ticker line. Cir-
`cuitr-y for controlling the width of the lines is shown in
`copending application Ser. No. 178,691 filed Sept. 8,
`1971 on behalf of Francis E. Albrecht, et al. and enti-
`tled “Raster Control Device,” while patent’ application
`Ser. No. 178,690 filed Sept. 8, 1971 on behalf of Fran-
`cis E. Albrecht, et al. and entitled “Method-and-Appa-
`ratus for Generating a Traveling Display" discloses cir-
`cuitry for causing the moving‘ of the lines of the ticker
`display. Both of the above applicationstare assignedito
`the assignee of the present application.
`The individual charactersof the display shown in
`FIG.
`1 arevformed by selectively intensifying various
`ones of seven idex pointsappearing on each of five
`strokes. The characters are thus formed in‘a 5 X 7
`
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