Exhibit 1006
`
`Exhibit 1006
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`United States Patent [191
`Frederiksen
`
`[54] HOME COMPUTER AND GAME
`APPARATUS
`
`[75] Inventor:
`
`Jeffrey E. Frederiksen, Arlington
`Heights, 111.
`[73] Assignee: Bally Manufacturing Corporation,
`Chicago, Ill.
`[21] Appl. No.: 910,964
`[22] Filed:
`May 30, 1978
`
`[63]
`
`Related US. Application Data
`Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 812,662, Jul. 5, 1977,
`which is a continuation of Ser. No. 635,406, Nov. 26,
`1975, abandoned.
`
`[51] in. cm ............................................ .. G06F 3/153
`[52] us. C1. .................................................. .. 364/200
`[58] Field of Search
`364/200 MS File, 900 MS File,
`364/410, 705; 273/85 R, as 6, 101.1, 101.2,
`102.2 R, DIG. 28; 340/720, 723, 724, 725;
`358/900
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2,847,661 8/1958 Althouse .
`3,017,625 1/1962 Evans et a1. .
`3,046,676 7/1962 Hermann et a]. .
`3,122,607 2/1964 Balding .
`3,135,815 6/1964 Spiegel .
`3,345,458 10/1967 Cole et a1. .
`3,388,391 6/1968 Clark .
`3,422,420 1/1969 Clark .
`3,435,136 3/1969 Bachmann et a1. .
`3,462,639 8/1969 French .
`3,497,760 2/1970 Kiesling .
`3,577,130 5/1971 Rice et al. ......................... .. 364/900
`4,116,444 9/1978 Mayer et al. ..
`..
`4,142,180 2/1979 Burson ........ ..
`4,177,462 12/1979 Chu?g ........................... .. 340/723 X
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`“II Cybernetic Frontiers" Brand, Random House, 1974,
`pp. 54-60.
`“Space War”, Kuhfeld, Analog Science Fiction/
`Science Fact, pp. 67-79.
`
`[1 1]
`[45]
`
`4,301,503
`Nov. 17, 1981
`
`Gun Fight Computer Service Manual for the Midway
`8080 Microprocessor Game Series, 1976.
`Standardized Test Procedure for Midway‘s Processor
`Boards, 1111., 1976.
`Marcus, A., “A Prototype Computerized Page-Design
`System”, Visible Language, vol. 5, Summer, 1971.
`N011, A. M., “A Computer Technique for Displaying
`n-Dimensional Hyper-Objects”, Comm. of the ACM,
`vol. 10, 8/67.
`Kolb, E. R., "Computer Printing Forecast for the
`'70’s", Datamation, 12/1/70.
`Andersson, P. L., “Phototypesetting-A Quiet Revolu
`tion”, Datamation, 12/ 1/ 70.
`Bonsiepe, G., “A Method of Quantifying Order in Ty
`pographic Design“, The Journ. of Typographic Re
`search, 7/68.
`Sutherland, I. E. et al., “A Characterization of Ten
`Hidden-Surface Algorithms“, Computing Surveys, vol.
`6, 3/74.
`Bell Lab Record, vol. 47, 5 & 6/69.
`Newell, M. E. et al., “A Solution to the Hidden Surface
`Problem”, Proceedings of ACM Nat. Conf., 1972.
`Gelernter, H. L. et al., “An Advanced Com
`puter-Based Nuclear Physics Data Acquisition Sys
`tem”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 9/67.
`Knowlton, K. C., "A Comp. Technique for Providing
`Animated Movies”, Proceedings AFIPS, 1964, SJCC,
`v01. 25.
`Ophir, D. et al., "Brad: The Brookhaven Raster Dis
`play”, Comm. of the ACM, vol. 11, 6/68.
`Mermelstein, P., l‘Comp-Generated Spectogram Dis
`plays for On-Line Speech Research", IEEE Transac
`tions on Audio and Electroacoustics, 3/71.
`Denes, P. 13., "Computer Graphics in Color“, Bell Lab.
`Record, vol. 52, 5/74.
`Noll, A. M., “Scanned-Display Computer Graphics“,
`Comm. of the ACM, vol. 14, 3/71.
`Kajiya, J. T. et al., “A Random-Access Video Frame
`Buffer", Proc. of the Cont‘. on Comp. Graphics, Pattern
`Recognition, and Data Struc., 5/14-16/75.
`Denes, P. B., “A Scan-Type Graphics System for Inter
`active Computing”, Proc. of Conf. on Comp. Graphics,
`Pattern Recog, and Data Struc., 5/14-16/75.
`Primary Examiner—-Gareth D. Shaw
`Assistant Examiner-Thomas M. Heckler
`
`

`

`4,301,503
`Page 2
`
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Fitch, Even, Tabin, Flannery
`& Welsh
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`puter system before the pixel data is stored in a random
`access memory to effectively increase the speed or data
`handling power of the system.
`
`A home computer system provides a‘ video processor
`for use with a television receiver. The video processor
`can selectively perform a variety of modi?cations to
`pixel data under the direction of the CPU of the com-
`
`36 Claims, 167 Drawing Figures
`
`

`

`US. Patent Nov. 17, 1981
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`US. Patent Nov. 17, 1981
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`US. Patent Nov. 17, 1981
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`Sheet 4 of 84
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`4,301,503
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 17, 1981
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`4,301,503
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`U.S. Patent Nov. 17, 1981
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`U.S. Patent Nov. 17, 1981
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`Sheet 7 of 84
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`US. Patent Nov. 17, 1981
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`US. Patent
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`Nov. 17, 1981
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`Sheet 84 of 84
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`

`HOME COMPUTER AND GAME APPARATUS
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pend-
`ing application Ser. No. 8l2,662, filed July 5, 1977,
`which is a streamline continuation of co—pending appli—
`cation Ser. No. 635,406 filed Nov. 26, I975, abandoned.
`The present invention relates to computers and more
`particularly to home computers and game apparatus
`adapted for use with cathode ray tube display appara-
`tus, such as television receivers or monitors.
`Video games typically employ a television receiver
`or monitor (hereinafter often referred to as merely "tel-
`evision”) to display the game symbols and figures. Each
`player usually has a control which may be manipulated
`to cause the game symbols on the screen to interact in
`accordance with the rules of the particular game being
`played, often under the direction of a small computer,
`or microcomputer. Similarly, the television may be used
`as a display for a computer used as a calculator.
`Each frame of the picture displayed on the television
`screen is comprised of a plurality of picture elements
`(pixels) which are rapidly and sequentially displayed in
`a raster scan of the television screen. One type of video
`game employs a random-access—memory (RAM) to
`store digital data representative of each picture element
`to be displayed on the screen. The digital data stored in
`the RAM is read synchronously with the raster scan—
`ning of the picture elements of the television screen.
`The digital data is converted to signals suitable for the
`television receiver or monitor and supplied to the televi-
`sion to define the particular pixels being displayed. A
`programmed microprocessor (a type of computer) may
`be used to update or modify the data stored in the RAM
`and hence modify the picture displayed on the televi-
`sion screen in response to signals transmitted from the
`player controls, in accordance with the microprocessor
`program.
`
`It is an object of the present invention to provide an
`improved computer particularly adapted for home use
`and having the capability of performing various game
`functions as well as normal computer and calculating
`functions. It is a further object to provide such a com-
`puter that is economical to manufacture. It is a still
`further object to provide such a computer adapted for
`use with interchangeable program storage devices.
`These and other objects of the invention are more
`particularly set forth in the following detailed descrip-
`tion and in the accompanying drawings of which:
`FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a specific embodiment
`of the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computer system of the
`embodiment of FIG. 1;
`FIGS. 3A and 3B are charts illustrating the memory
`address allocations for low and high resolution alterna-
`tive modes of operation;
`FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating the corre-
`spondence between the memory address locations in the
`display memory with the pixels of the display screen for
`the low and high resolution modes, respectively;
`FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the correspondence of
`color registers 0-7 with particular display screen areas;
`FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating examples of modifica-
`tions performed on pixel data;
`FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate further examples of modi-
`fications performed on pixel data;
`FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the particular data
`that can be read at a plurality of input ports;
`
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`FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a microcycler interface
`employed in the system;
`FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are a schematic diagram of
`the interconnections of the integrated circuit chips of
`the system;
`FIGS. IlA—llF are a block diagram of the data chip
`of the video processor of the system;
`FIGS. 12A—12G are timing diagrams of various con—
`trol signals of the system for various read and write
`operations;
`FIGS. ISA—Z and 13AA—EE illustrate an example of
`a circuit
`implementing the block diagram of FIGS.
`llA—F;
`FIG. 14 is a composite diagram illustrating the rela-
`tionship of FIGS. l3A—EE viewed as whole;
`FIGS. 15—39 are diagrams showing blocks of FIGS.
`ISA—BE in greater detail.
`FIG. 40 illustrates the pixel data contained in regis-
`ters of a rotator circuit of the video processor;
`FIGS. 41—43 illustrate the relationship among con—
`trol, clock and synchronization signals of the system;
`FIG. 44 is a block diagram of the address chip of the
`video processor;
`FIGS. 45A—J show a more detailed circuit of the
`address chip;
`FIG. 46 illustrates a composite view of FIGS. 45A—J;
`FIGS. 47—70 are diagrams showing blocks of FIGS.
`«ISA—J in greater detail;
`FIGS. 7lA—C are block diagrams of the input/output
`chip;
`FIG. 72 illustrates a circuit for the generation of an
`input signal;
`FIGS. 73A—M show a more detailed circuit of the
`input/output chip;
`FIG. 74 is a composite View of the FIGS. 73A—M;
`and
`
`FIGS. 75—97 are diagrams showing blocks of FIGS.
`73A—M in greater detail.
`The preferred embodiments of the present invention
`are hereinafter described. In general, the system com—
`prises a display for providing discrete picture elements
`for presentation of movable symbols and a display mem-
`ory for storage of digital signals representative of pic-
`ture elements of the display. The system further com-
`prises a computer having a program memory for receiv-
`ing digital input signals and supplying digital output
`data signals and other digital output signals representa—
`tive of picture elements in response to the input signals
`and program memory. A video processor means is oper-
`atively connected to the computer and display memory
`for selectively performing a plurality of modifications
`to the picture element output signals from the computer
`in response to the output data signals and also for trans-
`ferring the modified picture element signals to the dis—
`play memory. The video processor means is also opera-
`tively connected to the display for supplying signals
`thereto in response to the digital picture element signals
`stored in the display memory whereby the picture ele-
`ments represented therein are displayed.
`The system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a computer
`console 10 having four player-operated control handles
`lZa—d connected by coiled line cords l4a—d,
`respec-
`tively, to the computer console 10. Thus, the console 10
`can accommodate up to four players at a time. Each
`control handle has a trigger switch 16 and a top
`mounted joy-stick 17 for actuating four directional
`switches. The joy-stick 17 has a rotatable knob mounted
`thereon which controls a potentiometer. The console 10
`
`

`

`3
`further has a keypad 18 which has a plurality of keys or
`push—buttons such as indicated at 20, and a slot 22 for
`receiving a removable cartridge or cassette 24 contain—
`ing stored programs. The console 10 further has a cas-
`sette eject button 26 for ejecting the cassette whereby
`the cassette 24 may be easily replaced with a different
`cassette containing different programs.
`A display for presenting movable symbols is shown as
`a standard color television receiver 28 which is con-
`nected to the computer console 10 by a line 30. The
`television (TV) has a cathode ray tube screen 32 on
`which a plurality of movable symbols such as the cow-
`boys 36 and 38 are presented for a “Gunfight” game.
`The picture presented on the screen 32 is made up of the
`cowboy symbols 36, 38, and a cactus symbol 40 super-
`imposed on a background each in one or more of a
`variety of color and intensities and comprises a plurality
`of discrete picture elements or pixels.
`A symbol’s action is controlled in part by a control
`handle. For example, the cowboy 36 may be moved up,
`down, left, right. up and to the left, up and to the right,
`etc., by proper movement of the joy—stick 17. The direc—
`tion of the cowboy‘s shooting arm may be controlled by
`rotating the potentiometer control knob of the joy-stick
`17 and the gun may be fired by pulling the trigger 16.
`Should the