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`Exhibit E
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`
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`Exhibit E
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`APPENDIX A: LTE STANDARDS
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`1.
`
`Each of the Accused Products complies with LTE. See Appx. E: Accused Products,
`
`Sections 1 and 2 (“Operation of LTE in Ford’s Vehicles” and “Use of LTE Carrier Networks”).
`
`I.
`
`LTE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
`
`2.
`
`The LTE network architecture comprises two primary components: the core
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`network and the access network. The core network, also referred to as the Evolved Packet Core
`
`(“EPC”), serves as the backbone, handling tasks like data routing, mobility management, and
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`connection to external networks. The access network, also referred to as the Evolved – UMTS
`
`RAN (“E-UTRAN”), constitutes the interface between user equipment (“UE”) and the core
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`network.
`
`3.
`
`The evolved Node B (“eNodeB”) is an element of the access network, which serves
`
`as the base station in LTE, responsible for communicating directly with UEs. There are multiple
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`eNodeBs in an LTE network, each responsible for providing network access for UEs located in a
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`certain geographic region. The eNodeBs are inter-connected with each other by means of the X2
`
`interface, and connected to the core network by means of the S1 interface.
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`
`
`1
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28578 Filed 07/18/24 Page 3 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 at 52.
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`1.
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`Random Access Preamble
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`
`
`20.
`
`In both contention based and non-contention based procedures, the UE transmits a
`
`random access preamble selected from 64 available preambles that are associated with the
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`eNodeB. Those preambles are generated from Zadoff-Chu sequences, which in turn are generated
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`from a root Zadoff-Chu sequence broadcasted by the eNodeB. The root Zadoff-Chu sequence
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`broadcasted is among one of 838 possible Zadoff-Chu sequences.
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`
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`18
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 39.
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.213 V8.8.0 at 17.
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`
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`
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`
`
`Source: 3GPP TS 36.213 V8.8.0 at 16.
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`21.
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`The
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`root Zadoff-Chu
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`sequence
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`is broadcasted by
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`the eNodeB
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`in
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`SystemInformationBlockType2 (“SIB2”) carried by the downlink channels. SIB2 includes the
`
`information element “radioResourceConfigCommon,” which in turn includes “PRACH-Config,”
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`19
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28580 Filed 07/18/24 Page 5 of 42
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`which includes the root sequence index “rootSequenceIndex.” The set of available Zadoff-Chu
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`sequences associated with the eNodeB is generated based on the root sequence index.
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`
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`
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 20–21.
`
`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 103.
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`20
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28581 Filed 07/18/24 Page 6 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 125.
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`
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`21
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28582 Filed 07/18/24 Page 7 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 120–121.
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`22
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28583 Filed 07/18/24 Page 8 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 123–124.
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`23
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28584 Filed 07/18/24 Page 9 of 42
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`Source: Dahlman et al., 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Second Edition (2014),
`
`
`
`at 364.
`
`22.
`
`The Zadoff-Chu sequence used to generate the random access preamble has a
`
`length of either 839 or 139. The length is 839 for FDD formats, i.e., formats 0–3.
`
`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 40.
`
`23.
`
`The random access preamble is carried by PRACH.
`
`
`
`
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`24
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 at 25.
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`24.
`
`During a contention based random access procedure, the random access preamble
`
`is randomly chosen by the UE, which may result in more than one UE simultaneously choosing
`
`and transmitting the same preamble, leading to a need for a subsequent contention resolution
`
`process. Whereas during a non-contention based procedure, the eNodeB can prevent contention
`
`occurring by allocating a dedicated preamble to a UE.
`
`
`
`
`
`25
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28586 Filed 07/18/24 Page 11 of 42
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`26
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28587 Filed 07/18/24 Page 12 of 42
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`27
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`
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 at 52–54.
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`25.
`
`The random access preamble is transmitted with a cyclic prefix and a guard time.
`
`The random access preamble has a duration of at least 4544 Ts (=448+4096 Ts), which is about
`
`148 μs. For FDD frames, the random access preamble has a duration of at least 27744 Ts
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`(=3168+24576 Ts), which is about 903 μs.
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`28
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28589 Filed 07/18/24 Page 14 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 33.
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 at 29.
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`
`
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`29
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`Source: Sesia et al., LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution From Theory to Practice, Second
`
`Edition (2011), at 377–378.
`
`30
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28591 Filed 07/18/24 Page 16 of 42
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`26.
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`The random access preamble occupies a bandwidth corresponding to 6 consecutive
`
`resource blocks. For FDD formats, the random access preamble corresponds to 6 resource blocks
`
`with 1250 Hz subcarrier spacing, which results in having 144 subcarriers per resource block and
`
`864 subcarriers in total. The random access preamble is mapped to 839 of the 864 subcarriers.
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`
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`31
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28592 Filed 07/18/24 Page 17 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 33–36.
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`32
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28593 Filed 07/18/24 Page 18 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 43.
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`
`
`
`
`Source: Dahlman et al., 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Second Edition (2014),
`
`at 361.
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`33
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28594 Filed 07/18/24 Page 19 of 42
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`
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`Source: Sesia et al., LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution From Theory to Practice, Second
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`Edition (2011), at 376–377.
`
`27.
`
`The parameter prach-FrequencyOffset, which specifies the starting physical
`
`resource block for PRACH is set by the eNodeB. The typical value of this parameter in a real
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`network is shown below.
`
`Source: 3GPP TS 36.508 V17.4.0 at 573.
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`34
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28595 Filed 07/18/24 Page 20 of 42
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`Source: Sesia et al., LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution From Theory to Practice, Second
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`
`
`Edition (2011), at 353.
`
`E. Sounding Reference Signal
`
`37.
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`The Sounding Reference Signal (“SRS”) is primarily used for channel quality
`
`estimation to enable frequency-selective scheduling on the uplink. The eNodeB may either request
`
`an individual SRS transmission from a UE (aperiodic; supported by Release 10 and subsequent
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`releases) or request a UE to transmit SRS periodically (periodic; supported by Release 8 and
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`subsequent releases).
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`48
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`
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28596 Filed 07/18/24 Page 21 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.213 V10.12.0 at 81.
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.213 V8.8.0 at 55.
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`49
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28597 Filed 07/18/24 Page 22 of 42
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`Source: Dahlman et al., 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Second Edition (2014),
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`at 257.
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`38.
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`The request from the eNodeB for an aperiodic SRS is contained in the Downlink
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`Control Information (“DCI”) formats 0/1A/2B/2C/4.
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`50
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28598 Filed 07/18/24 Page 23 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.212 V10.6.0 at 56–73.
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`39.
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`The request from the eNodeB for a periodic SRS is contained in a downlink RRC
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`message “RRCConnectionReconfiguration.” The “RRCConnectionReconfiguration” message
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`includes
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`an
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`information
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`element
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`“RadioResourceConfigDedicated,” which
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`includes
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`“PhysicalConfigDedicated,” which includes “soundingRS-UL-ConfigDedicated,” which includes
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`“srs-ConfigIndex,” which indicates the parameter ISRS.
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`51
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28599 Filed 07/18/24 Page 24 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 51.
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`52
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`
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 88–89.
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`53
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 126.
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 119.
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`54
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 V8.9.0 at 129–130.
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`
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`40.
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`The parameter SRS configuration index ISRS provides the periodicity of the
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`requested SRS.
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`55
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.213 V8.8.0 at 56–57.
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`41.
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`The UE transmits the SRS according to the request from the eNodeB. The SRS is
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`generated based on a Zadoff-Chu sequence modulated in the frequency domain.
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`56
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28604 Filed 07/18/24 Page 29 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 28.
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`57
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28605 Filed 07/18/24 Page 30 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 21–22.
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 28.
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`58
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28606 Filed 07/18/24 Page 31 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 32.
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`42.
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`The SRS is transmitted on at least four resource blocks. It does not occupy all
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`resource blocks of the uplink band.
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`
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`59
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`60
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28608 Filed 07/18/24 Page 33 of 42
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`61
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28609 Filed 07/18/24 Page 34 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.9.0 at 28–31.
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`62
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`Source: Sesia et al., LTE: The UMTS Long Term Evolution From Theory to Practice, Second
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`Edition (2011), at 339–340.
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`Source: Dahlman et al., 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Second Edition (2014),
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`43.
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`The SRS transmitted by one UE can overlap with signals transmitted by other UEs
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`at 259.
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`in the time domain.
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`63
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28611 Filed 07/18/24 Page 36 of 42
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`64
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28612 Filed 07/18/24 Page 37 of 42
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`Source: Dahlman et al., 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Second Edition (2014),
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`
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`at 257–260.
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`65
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28613 Filed 07/18/24 Page 38 of 42
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`Source: LTE Physical Layer Overview, https://rfmw.em.keysight.com/wireless/helpfiles/89600b/
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`webhelp/subsystems/lte/content/lte_overview.htm.
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`
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`Source: Difference between SRS and DMRS, available at https://lte-
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`question.blogspot.com/2013/07/difference-between-srs-and-dmrs.html
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`66
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`Source: ShareTechnote, SRS (Sounding Reference Signal), availabe at
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`https://www.sharetechnote.com/html/Handbook_LTE_SRS.html
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`F. Reporting Channel State Information
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`44.
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`A UE reports channel state information such as channel quality indication (“CQI”),
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`precoding matrix indicator (“PMI”), and rank indication (“RI”) to the eNodeB, in order to achieve
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`more efficient scheduling of resources. These reports help the eNodeB determine the channel
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`conditions.
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 at 67.
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`
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`67
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`
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.213 V8.8.0 at 20.
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`69.
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`The resource block assignment information in DCI format 2 has two possible
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`formats, resource allocation type 0 and resource allocation type 1. Both types of resource
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`allocation include a bitmap indicating the resource blocks that are assigned to the UE. The
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`resource blocks can either be adjacent to one another in frequency, making them localized
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`subcarriers, or be distributed, as indicated by the bitmap.
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`108
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`109
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 265-6, PageID.28617 Filed 07/18/24 Page 42 of 42
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`Source: 3GPP TS 36.213 V8.8.0 at 22–23.
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`
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`110
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