Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19329 Filed 06/20/24 Page 1 of 33
`
`Exhibit H
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19330 Filed 06/20/24 Page 2 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115701
`
`013004
`
`60/540586
`322782U.S.PTO
`
`PTO/SB/16 (01-04)
`Approved for use through 07/31/2006. OMB 0651-0032
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
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`X TA ODONG
`L/L
`KIRKLAND, WA
`Additional inventors are being named on the
`I
`separately numbered sheets attached hereto
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (500 characters max)
`RATUS FOR OVERIAYING MULTI— CARRLER AND DIRBCT
`ETHODS AN
`SEQUENCE SPREAD
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19331 Filed 06/20/24 Page 3 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115702
`
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION COVER SHEET
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19332 Filed 06/20/24 Page 4 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115703
`
`Methods and Apparatus for Overlaying Multi-Carrier
`and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals in a
`Broadband Wireless Communication System
`
`1 Background of the Invention
`In broadband wireless communications, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and
`Multi-Carrier (MC) techniques are commonly used. Both the DSSS and MC schemes
`have their own advantages. For instance, DSSS is inherently capable of supporting
`multi-cell and multi-user access applications through the use of orthogonal spreading
`codes. By its nature of interference averaging, initial access of the physical channel and
`frequency planning are relatively easier to be done in DSSS system. From here on, we
`will use SS to refer to DSSS.
`As one example of MC, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with cyclic
`prefix insertion mitigates inter-symbol interference (ISI) by extending the signal period
`as the data is multiplexed on orthogonal sub-carriers. As such, it converts a frequency
`selective channel into a number of parallel flat fading channels which can be easily
`equalized with simple one-tap equalizers. The (de)modulator can be executed efficiently
`via the fast Fourier transform (FFT) with much lower cost. In general, MC is capable of
`supporting broadband application with a higher spectral efficiency and at the same time
`not severely impacted by multi-path propagation in wireless environment.
`On the other hand, both of them have their weaknesses. For example, wideband spread
`spectrum systems with orthogonal spreading codes suffer severely due to the loss of
`orthogonality by multi-path propagation therefore yielding low spectral efficiency, while
`multi-carrier systems need to be carefully designed to operate in a multi-user and multi-
`cell environment.
`
`2 Summary of the Invention
`‘This invention is an advanced scheme that coordinates MC and SS signaling in one
`system where both signals are intentionally overlaid together in both time and frequency
`domains. It takes advantages of both MC and SS techniques while mitigating their
`weaknesses. The MC signal is used to carry broadband data signal due to its high
`spectral efficiency, while the SS signal is used for special purpose processing, such as
`initial random access, channel probing, and short messaging, in which cases properties
`such as signal simplicity, self synchronization, and performance under severe
`interference are more important. The system is designed in such a way that both the
`MC signal and the SS signal are distinguishable in normal operations, i.e., the
`interferences between the two signals do not degrade their respective expected
`performance.
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19333 Filed 06/20/24 Page 5 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115704
`
`Unlike a typical CDMA system where the signals are designed to be orthogonal in code
`domain, or a typical OFDM system where the signals are designed to be orthogonal in
`frequency domain, this invention intentionally overlay the MC signal, which has no
`spreading or a very low spreading factor to achieve high spectrum efficiency, and the
`SS signal, which has a much lower power level than that of the MC signal.
`In one embodiment, the MC signal is modulated on subcarriers in the frequency domain
`while the SS signal is modulated in the time domain. A special case is that the
`modulation symbol on the SS sequence is 1; that is, the sequence is unmodulated.
`Correspondingly, the MC signal is demodulated in the frequency domain and the SS
`signal is demodulated in the time domain.
`This invention further provides the apparatus or means to implement the aforesaid
`design process and methods in a broadband wireless multi-access and multi-cell
`network using advanced techniques, such as transmit power control, spreading signal
`design, and iterative cancellation.
`The multi-carrier system mentioned in this invention can be of any special formats such
`as OFDM, or Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA). The invention
`can be applied to downlink, uplink, or both, where the duplexing technique can be either
`Time Division Duplexing (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD).
`
`3 Brief Description of the Drawings
`The present invention will be understood clearly from the detailed description given
`below and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the invention,
`which, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments,
`but are for explanation and understanding only.
`Figure 1: The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the frequency domain is made
`up of subcarriers. Data subcarriers can be grouped into subchannels.
`Figure 2: The radio resource is divided into small units in both the frequency and time
`domains: subchannels and time slots. The basic structure of a multi-carrier
`signal in the time domain is made up of time slots.
`Figure 3: Frame structure of an exemplary OFDM system. A 20ms frame is divided into
`four 5ms subframes. One subframe consists of six time slots and two special
`periods.
`Figure 4: Three examples of the subframe structure in the exemplary OFDM system:
`one symmetric configuration and two asymmetric configurations.
`Figure 5: Slot structure of the OFDM system and the overlay system. One 800 us time
`slot is comprised of 8 OFDM symbols. It is overlaid by SS signals in time
`domain. Two guard periods GP1 and GP2 are allocated for the SS signal.
`Figure 6: The illustration of MC signals overlaid with SS signals in the frequency domain
`where the power level of the SS signal is much lower than that of the MC
`
`Rev. 0.7 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`2
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19334 Filed 06/20/24 Page 6 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115705
`
`signal. The subcarriers in a subchannel are not necessarily adjacent to each
`other in frequency domain.
`Figure 7: The same illustration as in Figure 6 where not all MC subchannels are
`occupied.
`Figure 8: Transmitter structure of MC and SS overlay system where the MC signal and
`SS signal are added together before the Digital to Analog converter.
`Figure 9: Receiver structure of MC and SS overlay system. The composite signal is
`processed by the MC receiver and SS receiver, respectively.
`Figure 10: SS signal is used as initial random access by MS; in the overlay system. At
`the mean time, MS; and MS; are transmitting MC signal to the base station
`
`Figure 11: A mobile station can send the SS signal to its current serving base station, or
`other base station. The latter case is especially helpful in hand-off process. In
`this figure, the mobile station MS; is communicating with BS; using MC signal
`while transmitting SS signal to BS,.
`Figure 12: Using interference cancellation technique to cancel the interfering SS signal
`in the composite signal to obtain a cleaner MC signal.
`Figure 13: The SS signal and the MC signal can be fully overlaid or partially overlaid at
`MC symbol or slot boundary in time domain.
`Figure 14: lilustration of an SS signal with a high Peak to Average Ratio in frequency
`domain that causes strong interference to certain MC subcarriers.
`Figure 15: Using spectrum nulls in SS signal to protect an MC control subchannel.
`Figure 16: Spectrum control for SS signal using simple sub-sampling method.
`Figure 17: SS signal is used for channel probing or to carry short message. In this case,
`MS; is transmitting both MC signal and SS signal to the base station BS,. It is
`also under closed loop power control with BS;.
`Figure 18: A typical channel response in the time and frequency domains. By estimating
`the peaks of a channel response in the time domain, the channel profile in the
`frequency domain can be obtained.
`
`4 Detailed Description
`4.1 Multi-Carrier Communication System
`The physical media resource (e.g., radio orcable) in a multi-carrier communication
`system can be divided in both the frequency and time domains. This canonical division
`provides a high flexibility and fine granularity for resource sharing.
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`
`3
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19335 Filed 06/20/24 Page 7 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115706
`
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the frequency domain is made up of
`subcarriers. Within a particular spectral band or channel, there are a fixed number of
`subcarriers. There are three types of subcarriers:
`1. Data subcarriers, which carries information data;
`2. Pilot subcarriers, whose phases and amplitudes are predetermined and made
`known to all receivers and which are used for assisting system functions such as
`estimation of system parameters; and
`3. Silent subcarriers, which have no energy and are used for guard bands and DC
`carrier.
`The data subcarriers can be arranged into groups called subchannels to support
`scalability and multiple access. The carriers forming one subchannel are not necessarily
`adjacent to each other. Each user may use part or all of the subchannels. The concept
`is illustrated in Figure 1.
`The basic structure of a multi-carrier signal in the time domain is made up of time slots
`to support multiple-access. The resource division in both the frequency and time
`domains is depicted in Figure 2.
`
`4.2 An Exemplary MC System
`Here we use OFDM as the special case of a MC system. The system parameters for
`the uplink under consideration are listed in Table 1.
`2, 4, 8, 16, 24 Mbps
`Data Rate
`Modulation
`QPSK, 16-QAM
`Coding rate
`IFFT/FFT size
`OFDM symbol duration
`Guard interval
`Subcarrier spacing
`System sampling rate (fs)
`Channel spacing |
`
`1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
`
`1024
`
`100 us
`
`11.11 us
`
`9.765625 kHz
`
`|11.52 MHz
`
`10 MHz
`
`Table 1: Uplink system parameters
`The frame structure of the system under consideration is shown in Figure 3.
`It consists
`of four subframes where each subframe consists of six time slots and two different
`special periods.
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`
`4
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19336 Filed 06/20/24 Page 8 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115707
`
`The six time slots in one subframe can be configured as either uplink or downlink slots
`symmetrically or asymmetrically. Three examples of the subframe structure are shown
`in Figure 4. Within one time slot, there are eight OFDM symbols as shown in Figure 5.
`
`4.3 Detailed Description of a MC and SS Overlay System
`To illustrate the overlay of the MC and SS signals, in Figure 5 the SS signal is plotted to
`overlap with the MC signal in time domain. The overlaid signal can be aligned at the
`boundary of MC slot or MC symbol when they are synchronized (for example, SS signal
`#k in Figure 5), or not aligned when they are not synchronized (for example, SS signal
`#j in Figure 5).
`In one embodiment, the SS signal is placed at the period of cyclic prefix of the OFDM
`symbol.
`In frequency domain, the overlay of the MC spectrum and SS spectrum is depicted in
`Figure 6. Figure 7illustrates the scenario that some MC subchannels are not energized.
`In one embodiment, the MC signal is modulated on subcarriers in the frequency domain
`while the SS signal is modulated in the time domain. A special case is that the
`modulation symbol on the SS sequence is 1; that is, the sequence is unmodulated.
`Correspondingly, the MC signal is demodulated in frequency domain and the SS signal
`is demodulated in time domain.
`in Figure 8, the top branch is an OFDM transmitter. The bottom branch is the spread
`spectrum transmitter. A digital attenuator
`is used for the SS signal to adjust its
`transmitted signal level relative to the MC signal. The two signals are overlaid in digital
`domain before converting to the composite analog signal. A second analog variable
`gain (G2) is used after the D/A converter to further control the power level of the
`transmitted signal. When MC signal is not present, both G; and G2 will be applied to the
`SS signal to provide sufficient transmission dynamic range. Gzcan be realized in
`multiple circuit stages.
`Figure9illustrates the receiver structure of the overlay system. At the receiver side, the
`A/D converter first converts the received analog signal to digital signal after the
`automatic gain control (AGC). To detect whether the SS signal is present, the signal is
`then despread with a matched filter or a correlator using the access sequence to check
`if the correlation peak exceeds a predefined threshold. The information from SS
`receiver will then be used to decode the mobile station’s signature in the case of initial
`random access, derive the channel information in the case of channel probing, or
`decode the information bit in the case of short messaging.
`In one embodiment, a rake receiver is used in SS receiver to improve its performance in
`multi-path environment.
`In one embodiment, the MC signal is processed as if no SS signal is present. In another
`embodiment, advanced interference cancellation technique can be applied to the
`composite signal to cancel the SS signal from the composite signal thus maintaining
`almost the same MC performance [see Section 4.3.2].
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`5
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19337 Filed 06/20/24 Page 9 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115708
`
`(2)
`
`(3)
`
`The transmitted composite signal for user i can be represented by:
`*5;
`(1)
`* Sic]
`is 0 when there is no MC signal and is 1 when MC signal is present. Similarly,
`where 5,
`is zero when there is no SS signal and varies depending on the power setting of SS
`G,,
`signal relative to MC signal when SS signal is present. G,,
`is used to control the total
`transmission power for user /. The received signal can be represented by:
`N+I
`whereM is the total number of mobile station actively communicating with the current
`base station, N is the Gaussian noise, and / is the total interference from all the mobile
`stations in current and other base stations.
`Denoting the received power of MC signal as Pyc and the received power of SS signal
`as Pgs, the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) for the MC signal is:
`SINRuc= Puc /
`when SS signal is not present; and is
`SINR’uc= Puc (N+I+Pss)
`(4)
`when SS signal is present. The system is designed such that the S/NR’vc meets the
`SINR requirement for the MC signal and its performance is not compromised in spite of
`the interference from the overlaid SS signal.
`In one embodiment, the SS signal is power controlled such that Pss is well below the
`noise level, N.
`On the other hand, the SINR for the SS signal is
`SINRss= Pss / (N+I+Prc)
`Denoting the spreading factor for the SS signal as
`symbol after despreading is:
`SINR’ss= Pss * Ksp
`(6)
`SINR’ss needs to be high enough to meet the performance requirement when detecting
`or decoding the information conveyed in SS signal. In one embodiment,
`is chosen
`to be 1000 such that the SS signal is boosted with 30dB spreading gain after
`despreading.
`A mobile station can send the SS signal to its current serving base station, or other
`base station. The latter case is especially helpful in hand-off process, as illustrated in
`Figure 11.
`
`the effective SINR for one
`
`(5)
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`6
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19338 Filed 06/20/24 Page 10 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115709
`
`4.3.1
`Power Control
`As discussed above, one key design issue is to minimize the power of the SS signal to
`reduce its interference to the MC data signal. In one embodiment, the initial power
`setting of a mobile station, Tus (in dBm), is set based on path loss, Lyatn (in dB), and
`the desired received power level at the base station, Pgs n_des (in dBm),
`
`=PBS_mx_des * Lpatn ~C;— C2
`
`(7)
`
`C;(in dB) is set to a proper value so that the SINR of the MC as specified in equation
`(4) meets its requirement. C2(in dB) is an adjustment to compensate for the power
`control inaccuracy.
`The open loop power control inaccuracy is mainly caused by the discrepancy between
`the estimated path loss by the mobile station and the actual path loss.
`In one embodiment, C;is set to 9dB for MC using QPSK modulation with % error control
`coding or 15dB for MC using 16QAM modulation with % error control coding. Czis set to
`10dB or 2dB depending on whether the mobile station is under open loop power control
`or closed loop power control.
`Power control for the SS signal also eases the spectrum mask requirement for SS
`signal because the SS signal level is much lower than that of the MC signal.
`With the total power offset of C; + C2 subtracted from the initial transmission power of
`SS signal, the spreading factor of the SS signal needs to be set high enough (e.g., 512
`(27dB) or higher) so that the SS signal can be detected in normal condition. This
`requires sufficient number of bits of the A/D converter at the base station, for example,
`12 bits.
`As one embodiment, the D/A converter at the mobile station uses 12 bits, among which
`8 bits are targeted for MC signal (assuming 3 bits is reserved for MC peak to average
`consideration). Thus, there are enough bits left for SS signal even with significant
`attenuation relative to the MC signal.
`
`Canceling the Interference of SS Signal to the MC Signal
`In one embodiment, the base station employs interference cancellation technique to
`cancel the SS interference to the MC signal. First, the SS signal is detected by the SS
`receiver; then it is subtracted (decision directed) from the total received signal to obtain
`a cleaner MC data signal, as illustrated in Figure 12.
`In another embodiment, multiple step iterative cancellation can be applied to further
`improve the effectiveness of the interference cancellation.
`
`Rev. 0.7 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`
`7
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19339 Filed 06/20/24 Page 11 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115710
`
`sign
`Signal
`4.3.3.
`SS sequences are chosen to have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation
`properties (i.e., with high peak to sidelobe ratio).
`In one embodiment, pulse shaping is applied to restrict the spectrum mask of SS
`signals and to reduce impacts on the MC signals in the frequency domain. For example,
`the transmitter pulse-shaping filter applied to the SS signal can be a root-raised cosine
`(RRC) with roll-off a in the frequency domain. The impulse response of the chip impulse
`filter RCo(f) is
`
`-2)}+4aLcof
`rela)
`
`eel
`
`celta)
`
`+a)
`
`where the roll-off factor « and T, is the chip duration.
`The SS signal and MC signal may be aligned at the symbol (or slot) boundary when
`they are synchronized, or partially overlap in time domain when they are not
`synchronized, as shown in Figure 13, where SS signal #m fully overlaps with a MC
`symbol (or slot) in time domain while SS signal #n overlaps with the MC symbol (or slot)
`only partially.
`The sequence that is used to spread the SS signal has to be carefully designed to avoid
`the cases where the SS signal may have a high Peak to Average ratio (PAR) in the
`frequency domain and its spikes in the frequency domain may cause severe
`interference to some MC subcarriers, as illustrated in Figure 14. In one embodiment,
`the SS sequence is designed such that the sequence, in partial or in full, has low PAR
`in the frequency domain using signal processing techniques, such as a PAR reduction
`algorithm. Either binary or non binary sequences can be used. In one embodiment,
`Golay complementary sequences, Reed-Muller codes, or the codes designed with
`similar construction methods are used to control the PAR of SS sequences in the
`frequency domain, thereby limiting the interference of SS signals to MC signals, which
`are demodulated in the frequency domain. In one embodiment, guard periods are
`added to the SS signal which overlaps with one MC symbol, as shown by SS signal #p
`in Figure 13. The guard periods ensure that a well-designed SS sequence (with low
`PAR in frequency domain) causes little interference to the MC subcarriers even when
`there is time misalignment in SS signal relative to the OFDM symbol period.
`Within MC subcarriers, the control subcarriers are more important than the data
`subcarriers and may need to havea better protection in the overlay system.
`In one embodiment, the SS sequence is carefully designed to have spectrum nulls at
`MC control subchannels to avoid excess interference to the uplink MC control signals,
`as illustrated in Figure 15. One such scheme is to use sub-sampling such that the chip
`rate of the SS signal is 1/2 or 2/3 of the system sampling rate, which means the SS
`spectrum will only occupy the center portion with a width of 5.76MHz or 7.68MHz out of
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`8
`
`

`

`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19340 Filed 06/20/24 Page 12 of 33
`
`NEO-AUTO_0115711
`
`the 10MHz available spectrum (as shown in Figure 16). Its interference to the MC sub-
`carriers over the rest of the spectrum will be much lower where the MC subchannels
`carrying control information or using higher modulation subcarriers (such as 16QAM)
`can be placed.
`
`4.4 Initial Random Access Using the Overlay Scheme
`As one embodiment of the invention, the SS signal is used for initial random access and
`MC signal is used by multiple mobile stations to transmit high rate data and related
`control information, as illustrated in Figure 10, where the mobile station MS; is
`transmitting its initial access SS signal simultaneously with the MC signals from other
`mobile stations (in this case, MS;and MSx) to the base station BS;.
`In the initial random access of a multi-carrier multiple access system, a mobile station
`can not transmit directly onto the control subchannel due to the fact that its transmission
`time and power have not been aligned with other mobile stations. When this mobile
`station powers up or wakes up from the sleep mode, it first listens to the base station’s
`broadcasting channel and finds the available random access SS channels. Then, it
`sends the initial random access signal over the designated SS channel with certain
`signature code. The signature sequence that the mobile selects is from the sequence
`set that is designated to the corresponding base station, which is broadcasted to all the
`mobile stations by each base station. The initial access SS signal arrives at the base
`station together with MC signals from other mobile stations carrying data and control
`information. The initial power level of the SS signal is based on the open power loop
`control settings [See Section 4.3.1]. Sufficient guard period is reserved in SS signal to
`account for initial time alignment uncertainty, as shown in Figure 5.
`If the base station successfully detects the SS signal, it sends the acknowledgement
`(ACK) carrying information such as the mobile station’s signature and its power and
`time adjustments on the downlink control channel in the next available timeslot. The
`mobile station whose transmission signature matches that in the acknowledgement then
`moves to the designated uplink MC control channel using the assigned time and power
`values and further complete the message transmission. If no feedback is received at the
`mobile station after a pre-defined number of slots, it assumes that the access slot was
`not detected by the base station, and will ramp up the transmission power of the SS
`signal by one step and re-transmit it, until it reaches the maximum allowable transmit
`signal power or the maximum retry times. In one embodiment, the power ramping step
`of the mobile station is set to be 1dB or 2dB which is configured by the base station on
`the downlink broadcasting channel. The maximum allowable transmit signal power and
`the retry times are also controlled by the base station depending on the uplink
`modulation/coding scheme and available access channels.
`During the initial random access, the SS signal can also be used for channel probing
`and short messaging [See Section 4.5 and 4.6].
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
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`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES. INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`9
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`4.5 Channel Probing Using SS in the Overlay System
`In one embodiment of the invention, the SS signal is used to assist the estimation of the
`channel characteristics. In this case, the mobile station is already synchronized in time
`and frequency with the base station, and its transmission of MC signal is under closed-
`loop power control with the base station. In Figure 17, the mobile station MS; is
`transmitting its SS signal simultaneously with its own MC signal. Other mobile stations
`(in this case, MS;and MSx) are transmitting either MC signal or SS signal to the base
`station BS;.
`A typical channel response in the time domain and frequency domain for a broadband
`wireless system is shown in Figure 18. Using a matched filter in the SS receiver at the
`base station, the peaks of a channel response in time can be detected, which in turn
`can be used to obtain the channel profile for the mobile station in both the frequency
`and time domains.
`When the closed loop power control is used, the initial power settings will be much more
`accurate than by using open loop power control alone. Thus, the margin reserved for
`power controlinaccuracy can be reduced to a much smaller value. Furthermore, a
`bigger spreading factor can be used since no data information needs to be conveyed in
`the SS signal. This leaves a dynamic range large enough for detecting multi-path peaks
`from the output of the match filter or correlator, thereby generating a better channel
`profile. When and how often a mobile station should send the SS signal for channel
`probing is configurable by the network or the mobile station.
`In one embodiment, the base station dictates the mobile station to transmit the channel
`probing SS when it needs an update of the mobile station’s channel characteristics.
`In another embodiment, the base station polls the mobile station during its silent period
`and get an update of the mobiles station’s information such as transmission timing and
`power from the probing SS signal.
`In one embodiment, the channel profile information is used by the base station to
`determine the proper modulation/coding and pilot pattern.
`In another embodiment, the channel profile information is used for advanced antenna
`techniques such as beamforming.
`In one embodiment, channel probing with the SS signaling is performed without close
`loop power control or time synchronization.
`
`4.6 Short Message Using SS in the Overlay System
`In another embodiment of the invention, the SS signal is used to carry short message.
`In this case, the mobile station is already synchronized in time and frequency with the
`base station, and its transmission of MC signal is also under closed-loop power control
`with the base station. As shown in Figure 17, the mobile station MS; is transmitting its
`SS signal carrying short message simultaneously with its own MC signal. Other mobile
`stations (in this case, MS;and MSx) are transmitting either the MC signal or SS signal to
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`
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`NEO-AUTO_0115713
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`the base station BS;. In this case, the short message carried by the SS signal has a
`much lower data rate compared with that of the MC signal.
`In one embodiment, short messaging using the SS signaling is performed without close
`loop power control or time synchronization.
`
`Rev. 0.1 1/30/2004
`
`WALBELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
`Confidential and Proprietary
`14
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19343 Filed 06/20/24 Page 15 of 33
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`NEO-AUTO_0115714
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`WALBELLTECHNOLOGIES,INC.
`
`ConfidentialandProprietary
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`WALBELL
`
`Figure1
`
`frequency)
`
`f(
`
`subchannel3
`Subcarriersfor
`
`subchannel2
`Subcarriersfor
`
`subchannel1
`Subcarriersfor
`
`N
`
`Silentsubcarriers
`
`Pilotsubcarriers
`
`p
`
`Channel
`
`$1232p3121321p213s32p3213p21pi13s
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`

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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19344 Filed 06/20/24 Page 16 of 33
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`ConfidentialandProprietary
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`WALBELL
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`Timeslots
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`n+3
`
`n+2
`
`Figure2
`
`TON
`sjauueyoqns
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`Case 2:22-md-03034-TGB ECF No. 255-8, PageID.19345 Filed 06/20/24 Page 17 of 33
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`WALBELLTECHNOLOGIES,INC.
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`ConfidentialandProprietary
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`WALBELL
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`Figure3
`
`*SP2:SpecialPeriod2
`*SP1