Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 1 of 149 PageID #: 2253
`
`An American National Standard
`Acknowledged a~ An American National Standard
`July 8, 1988
`,
`
`ENERGY RESOURCE CENTER/PGE
`TECHNICAL LIBRARY.
`
`IEEE
`Standard Dictionary
`of
`Electrical and
`Electronics
`Terms
`
`Fourth Edition
`
`App. 0395
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 2 of 149 PageID #: 2254
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Number 88-082198
`ISBN: 1-55937-000-9
`© Copyright 1988
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
`in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
`without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`November 3, 1988
`
`SH12070
`
`App. 0396
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 3 of 149 PageID #: 2255
`
`available short-circuit current
`
`72
`
`average luminance
`
`able electric power from the source. Notes: (I) The
`sound pressure apparent at a distance of I meter can
`be found by multiplying the sound pressure observed
`at a remote point where the sound field is spherically
`d ivergent by the number of meters from the effective
`acoustic center to that poiut. (2) The available power
`response is a function not only of the transducer but
`also of some source impedances. either actual or
`nominal, the value of which must be specified. See:
`loudspeaker.
`176
`available short-circuit current (at a given point in a
`circuit) (prospective short-circuit current). The max(cid:173)
`imum current that the power system can deliver
`through a given circuit point to any negligible-imped(cid:173)
`ance short-circuit applied at the given point, or at any
`other point that will cause the highest current lo flow
`through the given point. Notes: (I) This value can be
`in terms of either symmetrical or asymmetrical: peak
`or root-mean-square current, as specified. (2) In some
`resonant circuits the maximum available short-circuit
`current may occur when the short circuit ii placed at
`some other point than the given one where the avail(cid:173)
`I 03
`able current is measured.
`available short-circuit test current (at the point of
`test) (prospective short-circuit test current). The
`maximum short-circuit current fnr any given setting of
`a testing circuit that the test power source can deliver
`at the point of test, with the te~t oirouit short-circuited
`by a link of negligible impedance at the line terminals
`of the device to be t~•tt>rl. Nnte: This value can be in
`terms of either symmetrical or asymmetrical, peak or
`root-mean-square current, as specified.
`103
`available signal-to-noise ratio (at a point in a circuit).
`The ratio of the available signal power at that point to
`the available random noise power. See: signal-to-noise
`328
`ratio.
`available time (electric drive) (Industrial control). The
`period during which a system has the power turned on,
`is not under maintenance, and is known or believed to
`be operating correctly or capable of operating correct(cid:173)
`ly. See: electric drive.
`206
`avalanche (gas-filled radiation counter tube). The cu(cid:173)
`mulative process in which charged particles accelerat(cid:173)
`ed by an electric field produce additional charged par(cid:173)
`ticles through collision with neutral gas molecules or
`atoms. It is therefore a cascade multiplication of ions.
`See: amplifier.
`96, 125
`avalanche breakdown (or a semiconductor device)(·
`charyed-purticle detectors)(germanium gomma-ray
`detectors). A breakdown that is caused by the cumu•
`lative multiplication of charge carriers through field(cid:173)
`induced impact ionization.
`119,1 18, 245,528
`avalanche impedance (semiconductor). See: break(cid:173)
`down impedance; semiconductor.
`avalanche photodiode (APD)(fiber optics). A photodi(cid:173)
`ode designed to take advantage of avalanche multipli(cid:173)
`cation of photocurrent. Note: As the reverse-bias volt·
`age approucht,s Llic lu eakdnwn voltage, hole-electron
`pairs created by absorbed photons acquire sufficient
`energy to create additional hole-electron pairs when
`they collide with ion's; thus a multiplication (signal
`
`gain) is achieved. See: photodlode; PIN phot.odiode.
`433
`average absolute burst maKnltude (uulllu ~ml olectroa•
`coustics). The average of the instantaneous burst mag(cid:173)
`nitude taken over the burst duration. Sec: figure under
`burst durotion. See: bunt (audio and e.h,rtroacous(cid:173)
`tics).
`I 76
`avera11e absolute 11ulse am11litude. The averaec of the
`absolute value of the instantaneous amplitude taken
`254
`over the pulse duration.
`average bundle gradient ( overhead-power-line corona
`and radio noise). For a bundle of two or more subcon(cid:173)
`ductors, the arithmetic mean of the average gradients
`of the individual subconductors.
`411
`average crossing rate (ACR)(l)(electromagnetic site
`survey). The average number of crossings in the posi(cid:173)
`tive direction of a given level v 1 per unit time. (See
`Figure "Typical Noise Envelope of a Man-Made Ra(cid:173)
`dio-Noise Process".)
`457
`(2)(control of system electromagnetic compatibili(cid:173)
`ty). The average number of pulses crossing a specified
`level (zero, if not specified) in the positive-going di(cid:173)
`495
`rection per unit time.
`average current (periodic current). The value of the
`current averaged over a full cycle unless otherwise
`specified. See: rectification.
`237, 66
`average detector (overhead-power-line corona and ra(cid:173)
`dio noh~). A rl~t~c.tor, the output voltaic of which
`approximates the average value of the envelope of an
`applied signal or noise. Notes: (I) This detector func(cid:173)
`tion is often identified on radio noise meters as field
`intensity (Fi). (Field intensity is deprecated; field
`strength should be used.) (2) Field intensity (Fl) (field
`strength) setting on some radio noise meters produces
`on the meter scale the average value of the logarithmic
`detector.
`411
`average electrode current (electron tube). The value
`obtained by integrating the instantaneous electrode
`current over an averaging time and dividing by the
`averaging time. See: electrode current (electron
`tube).
`125
`average forward-current rating (rectifier circuit ele•
`ment). The maximum average value of forward cur(cid:173)
`rent averaged over a full cycle, permitted by the
`manufacturer under stated conditions.
`208
`average information content (per symbol) (informa(cid:173)
`tion rate Crom a source, per symbol). The average of
`the information content per symbol emitted from a
`source. Nole: The term entropy rate is also used to
`designate average information content. See: informa(cid:173)
`tion theory.
`61
`average inside air temperature ( of enclosed switch(cid:173)
`aear) (power switchgear). The average terr.pcrature of
`the surrounding cooling air which comes in contact
`with the heated parts of the apparatus within the en(cid:173)
`103
`closure.
`average luminance (illu111inallug enginet',rin g). Lumi(cid:173)
`nance is the property of a geometric ray. Luminance
`as measured by conventional meters is averaged with
`respect to two independent variables, area and solid
`
`App. 0397
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 4 of 149 PageID #: 2256
`
`dimension, critlcol mating
`
`265
`
`direct address
`
`dimension, criticol meting (standard connector).
`Those longitudinal and transverse dimensions assur(cid:173)
`ing nondestructive mating with a corresponding stan(cid:173)
`I 10
`dard connector.
`diminished-radix co111plement (mathe111J1tics of com(cid:173)
`puting). The complement obtained by subtracting
`each digit of a given numeral from the largest digit in
`the numeration sr-itcm. For example, ones c omple(cid:173)
`ment in binary notation, nines complement in decimal
`564
`notation. Sec: radbc complement.
`dimming reactor (thyristor). A reactor that may be
`inserted in a lamp circuit at will for reducing the lumi(cid:173)
`nous intensity of the lamp. Not£: Dimming reactors
`nrc normally used to dim hcndlomps, but niay be ap(cid:173)
`plied to other circuits, sue!, as gauge lamp circuits.
`328
`diode (1) (electron tube). A two-electrode electron
`tube containing an anode and n cathode. Sec: equJvn(cid:173)
`lcnt diode.
`125
`(2) (semiconductor). A semiconductor device hoving
`two terminals and c1.h.ibiting a noolinenr voltage-cur(cid:173)
`rent cha.ractcris1ic; in more-restricted usage, o semi(cid:173)
`condutor device that has the asymmetrical voltage(cid:173)
`curreot characteristic exemplified b}' a single p-n
`junction. See: semiconductor.
`245
`diode characteristic ( mtdt1elcctrodc tube). The com-
`posite electrode characteristic taken with all elec(cid:173)
`trodes except the cathode connected together.
`
`125
`diode equivalent. The imaginary d iode consisting or the
`cathode of a triode or multigrid tube and a virtual
`anode to which is a1>plicd o composite controlling
`voltage such that the cathode current is lhc same as in
`the triode or multigrid tube.
`1.25
`diode runetion generator (analog co111putcrs). A func(cid:173)
`tion generator thal uses the transrer characteristics o r
`resistive networks con taining biased diodes. The de(cid:173)
`sired function is approximated by linear segments
`whose values arc manually inserted by means of
`9
`potentiometers and switches.
`diode ruses (semiconductor rectifiers). Fuses of special
`characteristics connected in series with one or more
`semiconductor rectifier diodes to disconnect the
`semiconductor rectifier diode in case of' failure and
`protect the other components of the rectifier. Note:
`Diode fuses may also be employed to provide coor(cid:173)
`dinated protection in case of overload or short-circuit.
`Sec: semiconductor rectifier stock.
`208
`diode laser. Sec: injection laser diode (ILD).
`dip (electroploting). A solution used for the purpose of
`producing a chemical reaction upon the surface of n
`mcUII. Sec: electroplating.
`328
`diplex operation (data transmission). Th" simulta•
`neous transmission· or reception of two signals using a
`specified common feature, such as a single antenna or
`n single carrier.
`59
`diplex radio transmission. The slm.ultaneous transmis(cid:173)
`sion of two signals using a common carrier wave. Sec:
`I I I
`radio tnnsmlssion.
`dip needle. A dcvi9e for indicating the angle between
`the magnetic liekj and the horizontal. Sec: magnetom(cid:173)
`eter.
`328
`
`dipole. See: dipole antenna; folded dipole antenna;
`e lcctricdipole; magnetic dipole.
`dipole antenna ( I) (onteru1as). Any ooc of a class of
`antennas producing II radiation pattern approximating
`that of an elementary clec1ric dipole. Note: Common
`usage considers the dipole antenna 10 be a metal ra(cid:173)
`diating structure which supports a line current distri(cid:173)
`bution similar Lo that of a thin straight wire so en;,r(cid:173)
`gizcd that the current has a node only at each end.
`Syn: doublet nnteunn.
`111
`(2) (d oto transmission). Any one of a class of anten(cid:173)
`nas producing the radiation paltern upproximating
`that of an elementary e lectric dipole. Note: Common
`usage considers a dipole antenna to be o metal radiat(cid:173)
`ing structure which supports a line current distribution
`similar to that of a thin strajght wire a ½ wavelength
`long so energized that the current ha; two nodes, one
`at each of l he far ends.
`59
`(3) (ove rhead-power-line corona aad radio noise).
`Any one of o class of antennas having a radiation
`pattern approximating that of an elemen1ary electric
`dipole. Now: Common usage considers the d;polc an(cid:173)
`tenna to be a metal radiating or receiving structure
`which s upports a line-current distribution similar to
`that of a thin straight wire, a half wavelength long, so
`that the current has a node at each end of the antenna.
`411
`dipole molecule. A molecule that possesses a dipole
`moment as a result of the permanent separation of the
`centroid of positive charge from the centroid of nega(cid:173)
`tive charge for the molecule as a whole.
`2 10
`dip plating. Sec: immersion plating.
`dip soldering (soldered c onnections). The process
`whereby Mscmblics arc brought in oontac< with the
`surface of molten solder for the purpose of making
`soldered connections.
`284
`direct ac converter (cycloconverter)(self-commutated
`converters). The alternating current (ac) conversion is
`accomplished directly, without an i11tcrmcdiate link
`having different r,ower charocteristics, such as direct
`584
`current (de) or high-frequency ac.
`direct-a cting machine voltage reguJator {power
`switchgear). A machine voltage regulator having a
`voltage-sensitive clement which acts directly without
`interposing power-operated means to control the ex(cid:173)
`citation of an clcc1ric machine.
`I 03
`direct-acting overcurrent trip device. See: direct re•
`lease (series trip); indirect release (trip); overeurrent
`release (trip).
`direct-acting overcurrcnt trip device current rating
`(trip do~lccs for nc oud general-purpose de low-volt•
`oge power circuit brcokers). The value of current des(cid:173)
`ignated by lhe manufacturer on which trip clement
`calibration marks are based.
`560
`direct-acting recording instrumen t. A recording io(cid:173)
`strumen l in which the marking device is mechanically
`connected to, or directly operated by, the primary
`detector. Sec: instrument.
`·
`328
`direct address (computing systems). An address that
`specifics the location of an operand. See: onc•level
`2 5 5. 77
`nddrcss.
`
`App. 0398
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 5 of 149 PageID #: 2257
`
`double-winding synchronous generator
`
`289
`
`drift
`
`ductively connected to it flows in both directions.
`Note: The terms single-way and double-way provide
`a means for describing the effect of the rectifier circuit
`on current flow in transformer windings connect to
`rectifier circuit elements. Most rectifier circuits may
`be classified into these two general types. Double-way
`rectifier circuits are also referred to as bridge rectifier
`circuits. See: rectification; rectifier circuit element;
`_power rectJficr; single-way rectifier circuit; bridge
`rcctilier circuit.
`208
`double-winding synchronous generator. A generator
`that has two similar windings, in phase with one an·
`other, mounted on the same magnetic structure but
`not connected eleccrically, designed to supply power
`63
`to two independent external circuits.
`doughnut (electronic device). Set:: toroid.
`dovetail projection. A tenon, commonly flared; used
`for example, to fasten a pole to the spider. Sec: s tator.
`63
`dove toil slot. (I) A recess along the side of a coil slot
`into which a coil-slot wedge is inserted. (2) A flaring
`slot into which a dovetail projection is engaged; used
`for example, to fasten a pole to the spider. See: stator.
`63
`dowel (dowel pin). A pin fitting with close tolerance
`into a hole in abutting pieces to establish and maintain
`accurate alignment of parts. Frequently designed to
`resist a shear load at the interface of the abutting
`63
`pieces.
`downconverter (nonlinear, active, ond nonreciprocal
`waveguide components). A heterodyne frequency
`conversion device that converts an input signal to a
`lower frequency output signal.
`-
`530
`down lead (lightning protection), The conductor con(cid:173)
`necting an overhead ground wire or lightning conduc(cid:173)
`tor with the grounding system. Sec: direct-stroke pro•
`tection (lightning).
`64
`downl.ight (illumi11~tin8 engineerins). A •mall direct
`lighting unit which directs the light downward and can
`be recessed, surface mounted, or suspended.
`167
`down link (communication satellite). A transmission
`link carrying information from a satellite or spacecraft
`to earth. Typically down links carry telemetry, data
`and voice.
`8 3
`down time. (1) (station control and data acquisition).
`The time during which a device or system is not capa(cid:173)
`ble of meeting performance requirements.
`403
`(2)(supervisory control, data acquisition, and auto•
`matlc control). The time during which a device or
`system is not capable of meeting performance reg uire(cid:173)
`ments.
`570
`downward component (illuminating engineering).
`That portion of the luminous flux from a luminaire
`which is emitted at angles below the horiwntal.
`
`167
`downward modulation. Modulation in which the ins(cid:173)
`taneous amplitude of the modulated wave is never
`greater than the amplitude of the unmodulated carrier.
`339
`
`DR. See: dead recko,ning.
`draft gauge (na,lgation aid terms). A hydrostatic in•
`
`strument installed in vessels to indicate the depth to
`which a vessel is submerged.
`526
`drag-in (electroplating). The quantity of solution that
`adheres to cathodes when they are introduced into a
`328
`bath. See: electroplating.
`drag magnet. See: retarding magnet.
`drag-out {electroplating), The quantity of solution that
`adheres to cathodes when they are removed from a
`bath. See: electroplating.
`328
`drain (1) (general). The current supplied by a cell or
`battery when in service. See: battery {primary or sec(cid:173)
`ondary).
`328
`(2) (metal-nitride-oxide field-effect transistor). Re(cid:173)
`gion in the device structure of an insulated-gate field·
`effect transistor (IGFE1) which contains the terminal
`into which charge carriers flow from the source
`through the channel. It has the potential which is more
`attractive than the source for the carriers in the chan(cid:173)
`nel.
`386
`drainage (corrosion). Conduction of current (positive
`electricity) from an underground metallic structure by
`means of a metallic conductor.
`205
`drainage unit (wire-line communication facilities).
`Center-tapped inductive device designed to relieve
`conductor-to-conductor and conductor-to-ground
`voltage stress by draining extraneous currents to
`ground. It is also designed to serve the purpose of a
`mutual drainage reactor forcing simultaneous protec(cid:173)
`tor-gap operation.
`414
`drain line (rotating machinery) (beari•g oil system).
`A return pipe line using gravity flow. See: oil cup
`(rotating machinery).
`63
`drawbar pull (cable plowing). The effective pulling
`52
`force delivered.
`drawbridge coupler. Sec: movable-bridge coupler.
`drawdown (power operations). The distance that the
`water surface of a reservoir is lowered from a given
`elevation a.5 the result of the withdrawal of water.
`516
`drawout-mo unted de,icc (power switchgear). One
`having disconnecting devices and in which the remov(cid:173)
`able portion may be removed from the stationary por•
`tion without the necessity of unbolting connections or
`mounting supports. See: stationary-mounted device.
`103
`0 region (radio wave propagation). The region of the
`terrestrial ionosphere between about 40 and 90 km
`altitude responsible for most of the attenuation of ra•
`dio waves in the range l to 100 MHz.
`146
`drift {l){navigation aid terms). (A) Drift angle, (B)
`component of a vehicle's ground speed perpendicular
`to heading and (C) distance a craft is moved by current
`and wind.
`526
`{2) (rotating machinery), A long-time change in syn•
`chronous-machin e resulting system error resulting
`from causes such as aging of components, self-induced
`temperature changes, and random phenomena. Note:
`Maximum acceptable drift is normally a specified
`change for a specified period of time, for specified
`conditions.
`63
`(3) (industrial control). An undesired but rela tively
`
`App. 0399
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 6 of 149 PageID #: 2258
`
`electroacoustic transducer
`
`317
`
`electrode bias
`
`f
`p
`
`8
`
`Ss
`
`point
`= sound pressure in newtons per square meter
`per volt applied at the input terminals pro(cid:173)
`duced at a distance 6 meters from the arbi(cid:173)
`trary reference point
`= frequency in hertz
`=density of the medium in kilograms per cubic
`meter
`= distance in meters from the arbitrary refer-
`ence point on or near the transducer to the
`point in which the sound pressure established
`by the transducer when emittinjl is evaluated.
`176
`See: loudspeaker.
`electroacous tic transducer (electric system). A trans(cid:173)
`ducer for receiving waves and delivering waves to an
`acoustic system, or vice versa. See: loudspeaker;
`transducer.
`176
`electrobiology. The study of electrical phenomena in
`relation to biological systems.
`192
`electrocardiogram. The graphic record of the variation
`with time of the voltage associated with cardiac activi(cid:173)
`ty. See: electrocorticogram (electrobfalogy); clcc·
`trodermogram (electrobiology); Galvani's experi(cid:173)
`ment (electro biology); spindle wave (electrobiology);
`vector electrocardiogram (electrobiology).
`192
`electrocardiographic waves, P, Q, R, S, and, T (medi(cid:173)
`cal electronics)(in electrocardiograms obtained from
`differential electrodes placed on the right arm and
`left leg). The characteristic tracing consists of five
`consecutive waves: P, a prolonged, low, positive wave:
`Q, brief, low, negative: R, brief, high, positive: S, brief,
`low, negative, and T, prolonged, low, posiii-l.-e.
`
`192
`electrocautery (electrotherapy). An instrument for
`cauterizing the tissues by means of a conductor
`brought to a high temperature by an electric current.
`Sec: electrotherapy.
`192
`electrochemical cell. A system consisting of an anode,
`cathode, and an electrolyte plus such connections
`(electric and mechanical) as may be needed to allow
`the cell to deliver or receive electric energy.
`223, 186
`electrochemical equivalent (element, compound, radi(cid:173)
`cal, or ion) (1) (general). The weight of that substance
`iovolved in a specified electrochemical reaction dur(cid:173)
`ing the passage of a specified quantity of electricity,
`such as a faraday, ampere-hour, or coulomb.
`328
`(2) (oxidation). The weight of an element or group of
`elements oxidized or reduced at JOO-percent efficien(cid:173)
`cy by a unit quantity of electricity. See: olcctrochem(cid:173)
`istry.
`205
`electrochemical recording (facsimile). Recording by
`means of a chemical reaction brought about by the
`passage of signal-controlled current throl.gh the sensi(cid:173)
`tized portion of the record sheet. See: recording (fac(cid:173)
`simile).
`12
`electrochemical series. Sec: electromotive series.
`electrochemical valve. An electric valve consisting of a
`metal in contact with a solution or compound across
`the boundary of which current flows more readily in
`one direction than irl the other direction and in which
`
`the valve action is accompanied by chemical changes.
`328
`electrochemical valve metal. A metal or alloy having
`properties suitable for use in an electrochemical valve.
`See: electrochemical valve.
`328
`electro chemistry. That branch of science and tech(cid:173)
`nology that deals with interrelated transformations of
`chemical and electric energy.
`328
`electrocoagulation (medical electronics). The clotting
`of tissue by heat generated within the tissue by im(cid:173)
`I 92
`pressed electric currents.
`electrocorticogram (medical electronics). A graphic
`record of the variation with time of voltage taken from
`192
`exposed cortex cerebra.
`electroculture (medical electronics). The stimulation
`of growth, flowering, or seeding by electric means.
`192
`electrocution. The destruction of life by means of elec-
`tric current.
`I 92
`electrode (l) (electrocbemistry). An electric conduc•
`tor for the transfer of charge between the external
`circuit and the electroactive species in the elcctcolyte.
`Note: Specifically, in an electrolytic cell, an electrode
`is a conductor at the surface of which a change occurs
`from conduction by electrons to conduction by ions or
`colloidal ions. See: electrolytic cell; electrochemical
`cell.
`186
`(2) (electron tube). A conducting element that per(cid:173)
`forms one or more of the functions of emitting, col(cid:173)
`lecting, or controlling by an electric field the move(cid:173)
`ments of electrons or ions.
`125
`(3) (biological electronics) (reference, inactive, dif•
`{use, disJ>"rslve, Indifferent electrode). (A) A pickup
`electrode that, because of averaging, shunting, or oth(cid:173)
`er aspects of the tissue-current pattern to which it
`connects, shows potentials not characteristic of the
`region near the active electrode. (B) Any electrode, in
`a system of stimulating electrodes, at which due to its
`dispersive action, excitation is not produced. (C) An
`electrode of relatively large area applie<i to some in ex(cid:173)
`citable nr distant tissue in order to complete the circuit
`with the active electrode that is used for stimulation.
`192
`electrode, accelerating (electron-beam tube). Sec: ac(cid:173)
`celerating electrode.
`electrode admittance (ith electrode of an 11-clectrode
`electron tube). The short-circuit drivin~· point admit(cid:173)
`tance between the jth electrode and the reference
`point measured d irectly at thejlh e lectrode. Note: To
`be able to determine the intrinsic electronic merit of
`an electron tube, the driving-point and transfer admit•
`lances must be defined as if measured directly at the
`electrodes inside the tube. The definitions of electrode
`admittance and electrode impedance are included for
`this reason. See: electron-tube admittances.
`125
`electrode alternating-current resistance (electron de(cid:173)
`vice). The real component of the electrode impedance.
`See: self-impedance.
`190
`electrode bias (electron tubes). The voltage at which
`an electrode is stabilized under operating conditions
`with no incoming signal, but taking into account the
`
`App. 0400
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 7 of 149 PageID #: 2259
`
`895•0n sealed system
`
`407
`
`gate-controlled turn-on time
`
`os-oil sealed system (power and distribution trans•
`g former). A system in which the interior of the tank is
`sealed from the atmosphere, over the temperature
`range specified, by means of an auxiliary tank or tanks
`to form a gas-oil seal operating on the manometer
`53
`principle.
`gnsoline dispensing and service station (National
`Electrical Code). A location where gasoline or other
`volatile flammable liquids or liquified flammable gases
`are transferred to the fuel tanks (including auxiliary
`fuel tanks) of self-propelled vehicles.
`256
`gasoline-electric drive. Sec: gas-electric drive.
`885.pressure relay (power switchgear). A relay so con(cid:173)
`structed that it operates by the gas pressure in the
`protected equipment.
`103
`gasproof. So constructed or protected that the specified
`gas will not interfere with successful operation.
`
`103
`11asproof or vaporproof (rotating machinery). So con•
`structed that the entry of a specified gas or vapor
`unde r prescribed conditions cannot interfere with
`satisfactory operating of the machine. See: asynchro(cid:173)
`nous machine.
`63
`aos ratio. The ratio of the ion c urrent 'n a tube to the
`electron current that produces it. See: electrode cur•
`rent.
`190
`11as seaJ (rotating machinery). A sealing arrangement
`intended to minimize the leakage of gas to or from a
`machine along a shaft. Note: It may be incorporated
`into a ball or roller bearing assembly.
`63
`11assing. The evolution of gases from on,c; or more of the
`electrodes during electrolysis. See: electrolytic cell.
`328.
`gas system (rotating machinery). The combination of
`parts used to ventilate a machine with any gas other
`than air, including facilities for charging and purging
`the gas in the machine.
`63
`gastight (1) (lightning protection). So constructed that
`gas or air can neither enter nor leave the structure
`except through vents or piping provided for the pur(cid:173)
`2~
`~~-
`(2) (power switchgear). So constructed that the speci•
`fied gas will not enter the enclosing case under speci(cid:173)
`I 03
`fied pressure conditions.
`gas tube. An electron tube in which the pressure of the
`contained gas or vapor is such as to affect substantially
`190
`the electrical characteristics of the tube.
`gas-tube relaxation oscillator (arc-tube relaxation os(cid:173)
`cillator). A relaxation oscillator in which the abrupt
`d ischarge is provided by the breakdown o f a gas tube.
`See: oscillatory circuit.
`328
`11as-tube surge arre&ter (11as-tube protective devices).
`A gap, or gaps, in an enclosed discharge medium,
`other than air at atmospheric pressure, designed to
`protect apparatus or personnel, or both, from high
`transient voltages.
`490
`gas-turbine-electric drive. A self-contained system of
`power generation and application in which the power
`generated by a ga~ turbine is transmitted electrically
`by means of a gerlerator and a motor (or multiples of
`these) for propulsion purposes. Note: The prefix gas-
`
`turbine·electric is applied to ships, locomotives~ cars,
`buses, etcetera, that are equipped with this drive. See:
`electric locomotive.
`328
`gate (l)(microwave)(nonlineor, acthe, and nonrecip•
`rocal waveguide components). In elementary form, a
`two-port switch having a single-pole, single-throw
`function. See: bang snuffer.
`530
`(2)(X-ray energy spectrometers). A device or ele(cid:173)
`ment that, depending upon one or more specified in·
`puts, has the ability to permit or inhibit the passage of
`a signal.
`471
`(3) (electronic computers). (A) A device having one
`output channel and one or more inp·Jt channels, such
`that the output channel state is completely determined
`by the contemporaneous input chanriel states, except
`during switching tra~ients. (B) A combinational logic
`element having at least one input channel. (C) An
`AND gate. (D) An OR gate.
`235
`(4) (cryotron). An output element of a cryotron. See:
`superconductivity.
`191
`(5) (navigation systems). (A) An interval of time dur(cid:173)
`ing which some p ortion of the circuit or display is
`allowed to be operative, or (B) the circuit which pro•
`18 7, 13
`vides gating. See: navigation.
`(6) (metal-nitride-oxide fie ld-effect transistor). This
`structural e lement of an insulated-gate field-effect
`transistor (lGFET) controls the current between
`source and drain by a voltage applie:i to its terminal.
`386
`gate-controlled deloy time (thyristor). The time inter(cid:173)
`val, between a specified point at the beginning of the
`gate pulse and the instant when the principal voltage
`(current) has dropped (risen) lo a specified value near
`its initial value during switching of a thyristor from the
`OFF state to the ON state by a gate pulse. See: princi•
`pal voltage-current characteristic.
`
`243, 66, 208, 191
`gate-controlled rise time (thyristor). The time interval
`between the instants at which the principal voltage
`(current) has dropped (risen) from • specified value
`near its initial value to a specified low (high) value,
`during switching of a thyristor from the OFF state to
`the ON state by a gate pulse. Note: This time interval
`will be equal to the rise time of the ON state c urrent
`only for pure resistive loads. See: principal voltage(cid:173)
`243, 66, 208, 19 1
`current characteristic.
`gate-controlled tnrn-off time (turn-off thyristor). The
`time interval, between a specified point at the begin(cid:173)
`ning of the gate pulse and the instant when the princi•
`pal current has decreased to a specified value, during
`switching from the ON state to the OFF state by agate
`pulse. See: principal voltage-current characteristic.
`243, 66, 208, 191
`11ate-controlled tum-on time ( thyristor). The time in(cid:173)
`terval, between a specified point at the beginning of
`the gate pulse and the instant when the principal volt(cid:173)
`age (current) has dropped (risen) to a specified low
`(high) value during switching of a thyristor from the
`OFF state to the ON state by a gate pulse. Turn-on time
`is the sum of delay time and rise time. Sec: principal
`volta11e-cnrrent characteristic; delay time; rise time.
`243, 204, 208, I 91
`
`App. 0401
`
`

`

`Case 1:16-cv-00290-MN Document 103-2 Filed 10/17/18 Page 8 of 149 PageID #: 2260
`
`Philips gauge
`
`691
`
`,de
`
`reference has the polar axis vertical and the origin at
`or near the antenna. Under these conditions, a vertical
`dipole will radiate only theta G) polarization, and a
`horizontal loop will radiate only phi(<!>) polari7.ation.
`l l l. 246
`See: antenna.
`Philips gauge. A vacuum gauge in which the gas pres-
`sure is determined by measuring the current in a glow
`discharge. See: instrume nt.
`328
`phon. The unit of loudness level as specified in the
`definition of loudness level. See: loudspeaker.
`
`176
`phonograph pickup (mechanical reproducer). A me(cid:173)
`chaaoelectrical transducer that is actuated by modu(cid:173)
`lations present in the groove of the recording medium
`and that transforms this mechanical input into an
`electric output. Nocc: (!) Where no confusion is likely
`the t