Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 1 of 10
`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 1 of 10
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`EXHIBIT 14
`EXHIBIT 14
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`

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`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 2 of 10
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`DEFTS-PA_0000989
`DEFTS-PA_0000989
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`

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`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-07-023024-2
`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 3 of 10
`L Radio.
`2. Wireless communication systems.
`1. ‘Title.
`TROSSUGINS
`1998
`621382-—de21
`
`98-8471
`Crp
`
`McGraw-Hill
`A Division ofTheMeGraw-Ell Companies
`
`Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw-Hill Companies Ine All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America, Exeept as permitted
`under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication
`may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means. or stored
`pra data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of
`the publisher.
`L234567890 DOC/DOC 80321098
`
`ISBIN 0-07-023024.2
`
`The sponsoring editar for this book was Scott- Grillo. theediting supervisor was
`Stephen M. Snuth, and the production superviser was Pamela A. Peiton It was set
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`DEFTS-PA_0000990
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`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 4 of 10
`62
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`Chapter 2
`
`will radiate. Parasitic arrays, such as the Yagi antenna and the quad
`antenna, operate on this principle.
`
`Selective Filters
`
`The term selective filter refers to circuits designed to tailor the way an
`electronic circuit or system responds to signals at various frequencies.
`There are many kinds of selective filters. Some are used at AF; others are
`used at RE
`
`Bandpass Filter
`
`Any resonant circuit, or combination of resonant circuits, designed to
`discriminate against all frequencies except a specific frequency ~' or a
`band of frequencies between two limiting frequencies ~ and ~' is called
`a bandpass filter. In a parallel LC circuit, a bandpass filter shows a high
`impedance at the desired frequency or frequencies, and a low imped(cid:173)
`ance at unwanted frequencies. In a series LC configuration, the filter has
`a low impedance at the desired frequency or frequencies, and a high
`impedance at unwanted frequencies. Figure 2-9A shows a simple parallel(cid:173)
`tuned LC bandpass filter; Fig. 2-9B shows a simple series-tuned LC band(cid:173)
`pass filter.
`Some bandpass filters are built with components other than actual
`coils and capacitors, but all such filters operate on the same principle.
`The crystal filter uses piezoelectric materials, usually quartz, to obtain a
`bandpass response. A mechanical filter uses vibration resonances of cer(cid:173)
`tain substances, usually ceramics. In optics, a simple color filte~ discrimi(cid:173)
`nating against all light wavelengths except within a certain range, is a
`form of bandpass filter.
`Bandpass filters are sometimes designed to have very sharg defined,
`resonant frequencies. Sometimes the resonance is spread out over a fairly
`wide range. The attenuation-versus-frequency characteristic of a bandpass fil(cid:173)
`ter is called the bandpass response. A bandpass filter can have a single,
`well-defined resonant frequency f
`, as shown in Fig. 2-9C, or the
`0
`response might be more or less rectangula~ having two well-defined
`limit frequencies f 0 and ~' as shown at D The bandwidth might be only
`a few hertz, such as with an audio filter designed for reception of Morse
`code. Or the bandwidth might be several megahertz, as in a helical filter
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`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 5 of 10
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`B.
`
`D
`
`Band-Rejection Filter
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`64
`
`Figure 2-9 (corit.}
`ALE, elementary
`paralelresoriant
`bandreyection filter.
`ALE, elernentary
`seriesresonant band-
`
`rejection filter ALG,
`sharp band-rejection
`response. ALM,
`broad bard-+ejection
`response.
`
`
`
`the band-rejection filter consists of parallel LC circuits connected in
`series with the signal path, or series LC circuits in parallel with the sig-
`nal path; in bandpass filters, series-resonant circuits are connected in
`series, and parallel-resonance circuits in parallel.
`Band-rejection filters need not necessarily be made wp of coils and
`capacitors, but they often are. Quartz crystals are sometimes used as
`band-rejection filters, Lengths of transmission line, either short-circuited
`or Open, are useful as band-rejection filters at the higher radio frequen-
`cies. A common example of a band-rejection filter is a parasitic suppressor,
`used tn high-power RF amplifiers.
`All band-rejectionfilters show an attenuation-versus-frequencycharac-
`teristic marked by low loss at all frequencies except within a prescribed
`range. Figure 2-0G and H shows two types of band-rejection response.
`A sharp response (at G) occurs at or near a single resonant frequency /, A
`
`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 6 of 10
`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 6 of 10
`
`Chapter 2
`
`vvy’
`
`Input
`
`Output
`
`Teput
`
`Output
`
`Arophitude
`
`gE
`
`fy
`
`Frequency
`
`G.
`
`E
`
`Amplitude
`
`Frequency
`
`H.
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`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 7 of 10
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`65
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`attenuation
`is characterized
`and
`attenuation between these
`
`Notch
`
`High-Pass
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`66
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`.J.
`
`at J
`from the gecomaet:rlc
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`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 9 of 10
`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 9 of 10
`67
`67
`
`passive Electronic Components
`
`Low-Pass Filter
`
`A low-pass filter is a combination of capacitance, inductance, and/or resis-
`tance, intended to produce large amounts of attenuation above a certain
`frequency andlittle or no attenuation below that frequency. The frequen-
`cy at which the transition occurs is called the cutoff frequency. At the
`cutoff frequency, the power attenuation is 3 dB with respect to the mini-
`mum attenuation. Below the cutoff frequency, the power attenuation is
`less than 3 dB. Above the cutoff, the power attenuation is more than 3 dB.
`The simplest low-pass filter consists of a series inductor or a parallel
`capacitor. More sophisticated low-pass filters have combinations of series
`inductors and parallel capacitors, such as the examples shown in Fig. 2-9L
`and M.Thefilter at L is an L-section low-passfilter; the circuit at M is a
`pi-section low-pass filter. As above, these names are derived from the geo-
`metric arrangement of the components as they appear in diagrams.
`Resistors are sometimes substituted for the inductors in a low-pass fil-
`ter. This is especially true when active devices are used, in which case
`manyfilter stages can be cascaded. This substitution reduces the physical
`bulk of the circuit, and it saves money.
`Low-pass filters are used in many different applications in RF elec-
`tronics. One common use of a low-pass filter is at the output of a high-
`frequency (HF) transmitter The cutoff frequency is about 40 MHz.
`When stich a low-pass filter is installed in the transmissionline between
`a transmitter and antenna, VHF harmonics are greatly attenuated. This
`
`Figure 2-9 (cont.]
`AtL, L-section low-
`pass filter At M,
`pi-section low-pass
`filter. At N, low-pass
`response,
`
`Input
`
`t+,I
`
`Input
`
`Output
`
`0
`
`Output
`
`Amplitude
`
`M.
`
`Frequency
`
`N.
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`Case 5:20-cv-09341-EJD Document 138-17 Filed 03/18/22 Page 10 of 10
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`68
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`Diodes
`
`of Operation
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`DEFTS-PA_0000997
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