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Displaying 189-203 of 238 results

1020 Exhibit: EX1020 US Patent No 5,592,173 to Lau et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1020 Exhibit - EX1020 US Patent No 5,592,173 to Lau et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
For the purpose of reducing power consumption and extending the life of the batteries, a "PowerSaveR' mode is provided under which the receiver can be manually turned on to compute a location fix.
Some existing low power GPS receivers use a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) for the user output device, and electro-mechanical or touchscreen key switches.
Power consump tion in existing handheld GPS receivers such as those available from Trimble, Garmin, Sony, Motorola, Panasonic, Rockwell, and Magellan is typically one to two watts.
Existing low power GPS engines use Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon (CMOS) for digital circuitry because CMOS allows high circuit density and consumes less average power than other digital circuit technologies such as Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL), Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL), or N type Metal Oxide Silicon (NMOS).
The microprocessor system 40 uses Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon (CMOS) circuits that consume substantially less power when quiescent than when driven by a clock signal to change digital states.
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1028 Exhibit: EX1028 US Patent No 6,850,844 to Walters et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1028 Exhibit - EX1028 US Patent No 6,850,844 to Walters et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
Inventors: Thomas H. Walters, Gardner, KS (US); Cliff A. Pemble, Olathe, KS (US); Min H. Kao, Leawood, KS (US) (73) Assignee: Garmin Ltd. (KY) ( *) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by O days.
In general, GPS 50 is a satellite-based radio navigation system capable of deter mining continuous position, velocity, time, and in some instances direction information for an unlimited number of users.
Thus, the present invention includes a handheld electronic device which is adapted to transmit and receive navigation related data over a wide area network (WAN) using any number or combination of hardwired and/or wireless com munication channels.
Additionally, accord performing a route calculation or finding points of interest, ing to various embodiments, the communication channel and sending the results of the processing to one or more navigation devices, e.g. thin client 502.
As discussed above, in some embodiments of the present invention the method further includes software operable on the portable device for; maintaining a track log, storing one or more waypoints, planning a route, and finding points of interest.
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1032 Exhibit: EX1032 Vehicle Location and Navigation Systems, pp 43 81

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1032 Exhibit - EX1032 Vehicle Location and Navigation Systems, pp 43 81 (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
Deviations caused by nearby powerlines, big trucks, steel structures (such as freeway underpasses and tunnels), reinforced concrete buildings, and bridges are typical examples of short- term magnetic anomalies.
These methods include checking the heading change reported by the compassagainstthe physical operating envelopeof the vehicle and comparing the measured vector magnitude against the expected range of the Earth’s magnetic field.
Whena digital mapis available, road segmentdirectionis also a very good reference for detection and correction of compass blunders, Relative sensor data and segmentdirection are notlikely to change dramatically.
Similarly, from the basic deterministic methodsoflinear system analysis and the block diagram in Figure3,20, it is not difficult to see that the Laplace transform ofthe filter outputis Y(s) = X(s) + Nj(s)[1 — G(s)] + N2(s)G(s) Clearly, the signal term X(s) is not affected by G(s), Therefore, we can select a G(s) that attenuates both noise components.
Krakiwsky, C, B. Harris, and R. V. C. Wong, “A Kalman Filter for Integrating Dead Reckoning, Map Matching, and GPSPositioning,” Pree IEEEPosition, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS), IEEE, pp. 39-46, 1988.
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1048 Exhibit: EX1048 US Patent No 8,068,984 to Smith et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1048 Exhibit - EX1048 US Patent No 8,068,984 to Smith et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
In any event, the selection and position data, status infonnation (e.g., lock state, number of optimizationofINScomponentsforTRI•NAVwillobviously transmitters being tracked) and loop error signals back to the be largely dictated by the overall application's performance System Controller module 201.
The Theater Positioning System (TPS) incorporates a highly accurate and robust method for providing navigation information in operational military and other scenarios when and where standard GPS signals may be impaired due to such causes as multipath, RF interference, and/or active januning by an adversary.
An addi tional key feature of the system involves the active, automatic locking of the multiple, remotely located TPS transmitters to a conunon frequency/timing reference source such as that obtainable via specialized OPS receivers and highly stable local clock oscillators.
The TPS transmitters employ direct digital synthesizer (DDS) hardware driven by the local precision timekeeping oscillators to generate highly stable spread-spectrum wave- 10 forms which will then be amplified to the required RF power levels and broadcast through specially characterized, verti cally polarized antennas for greater coverage and ease of deployment.
The TPS transmitters employ direct digital synthesizer (DDS) hardware driven by the local precision timekeeping oscillators to generate highly stable direct-sequence (DSSS) or hybrid spread-spectnm1 (HSS) wavefom1s which will then be amplified to the required RF power levels and broadcast 20 through specially characterized, physically short, vertically polarized antemias for greater ease of deployment.
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1001 Exhibit: EX1001 US Patent No 8,542,113 to Scalisi et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1001 Exhibit - EX1001 US Patent No 8,542,113 to Scalisi et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
Still others including automobile electronics circuitry manufacturers utilize MEMS acceler- ometers to initiate airbag deployment in accordance with a detected collision severity level by measuring negative vehicle acceleration.
Potential drawbacks of many conventional inertial naviga- tions systems include electrical and mechanical hardware occupying a large real estate footprint and requiring complex electronic measurement and control circuitry with limited applicability to changed environmental conditions.
Furthermore, it will be appreciated that while described primarily in the context of tracking individuals or objects, at least portions of the apparatus and methods described herein may be used in other applications, such as, utilized, without limitation, for control systems that monitor components such as transducers, sensors, and electrical, and/or optical compo- nents that are part of an assembly line process.
In one embodiment, electronic tracking device 130 associated with a person or object remains at a substantially stationary position approximately one-fourth to one-third of a calendar day; thus, this feature of not accessing GPS circuitry pre- serves battery power.
In one variant of this embodiment, a user (e.g., a system administrator, or person located in a contact book) at monitoring station 110 becomes alerted, e. g., by text message, email, or voice mail (as more fully described in previously incorporated by reference US.
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1047 Exhibit: EX1047 US Patent No 7,970,412 to Pande et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1047 Exhibit - EX1047 US Patent No 7,970,412 to Pande et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
To overcome these problems, an Aided Location Conllllu nication Device ("ALCD") is described that allows for mul tiple modes of operation depending on various factors.
It is appreciated by those skilled in the art that this integration provides for numerous advantages including meeting the E9 l l requirements of the Federal Communica tion Commission ("FCC").
20 Depending on the wireless network being used such as cellular, PCS, two-way paging, Specialized Mobile Radio ("SMR"), Short Messaging Service ("SMS"), etc. the physi- cal implementation of the ALCS 400 may vary from that shown in the FIGS. 3 and 4.
To increase the number of radio channels where the fre quency spectrum allocation is limited, cellular providers typi cally reuse the transmitted frequencies.
However, in order to add more radio chmmels, cellular systems typically use several techniques in addition to stra tegically locating cell sites that utilize the smne frequencies.
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1040 Exhibit: EX1040 US Patent Application Publication No 20070005363A1 to Cucerzan et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1040 Exhibit - EX1040 US Patent Application Publication No 20070005363A1 to Cucerzan et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
Most modem handheld devices are equipped with multiple sensors (e.g., micro phone, wireless transmitter, global positioning system (GPS) engine, camera, stylus, etc.).
Additionally, with the proliferation of portable terminals (e.g., notebook comput ers, cellular telephones, PDAs, smartphones and other simi lar communications devices), users are becoming more mobile, and hence, trackable with respect to buying habits and locations that they tend to frequent.
[0042] As stated supra, many modem handheld devices ( e.g .. cellular telephones, smartphones, pocket computers, personal data assistants (PDAs)) are equipped with multiple sensors.
location-based reminders (e.g., pick up dry cleaning), location-based alerts ( e.g., traffic conditions), etc. [0060] A multi-language component 618 can be provided to further enhance the generation and utilization oflocation based data 614 and location-based service 616.
Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cellular tele phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station.
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1038 Exhibit: EX1038 US Patent Application Publication No 2006136173A1 to Case, JR et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1038 Exhibit - EX1038 US Patent Application Publication No 2006136173A1 to Case, JR et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
It is to be understood that other specific arrangements of parts, example devices, systems, and environments may be utilized, different analyses and displays may be generated, and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
the global positioning satellite data may be used to calibrate athletic performance monitoring devices such as: speedometers, pedometers, altimeters, odometers, barometric pressure sen sors, compass or direction sensors, and the like.
Additionally and/or alternatively, the stored data may be uploaded to a website either during the athletic performance and/or at a later time, e.g., using cell phone technology, wired or wireless computer network connections, satellite transmissions, or other means.
A GPS system, on the other hand, provides speed, distance, altitude, and absolute position information, but as described above, it occasionally suffers outages due to loss of satellite signal, it consumes substantial battery power, and the like.
As another example, if proximity to the end of a route or race is determined ( e.g., using GPS, odometer, or pedometer information), an up-tempo song and/or video clip may be provided to cue the athlete to strive for a finish strong.
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1041 Exhibit: EX1041 US Patent No 6,067,046 to Nichols

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1041 Exhibit - EX1041 US Patent No 6,067,046 to Nichols (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
The GPS receiver may be a real time kinematic 342/357.17; 342/419; 701/213; 701/217 (RTK) GPSreceiver and may be augmented by the use of a [58] Field of Search .....cccccsee 342/357.01, 357.06, dead reckoning (DR)positioning unit.
Typically, the user will have a backpack 60 that includes a wireless link, such as a radio modem 70, for receiving correction signals from differential GPS (DGPS) base stations.
Processor 310 performs the computations nec- essary to determine the desired location, and further controls the remaining elements to acquire the data needed to per- form these calculations.
For example, an optical plummet may be desirable in those situations where the ambient light is so bright that the location the laser pointer is pointing to cannot be visually determined.
Further details regarding RTK meth- odologies may be found in Talbot et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,519,620, entitled “Centimeter Accurate Global Positioning System Receiver for On-The-Fly Real Time Kinematic Measurement and Control”, incorporated herein by refer- ence.
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1009 Exhibit: EX1009 US Patent No 7,053,823 to Cervinka et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1009 Exhibit - EX1009 US Patent No 7,053,823 to Cervinka et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
One skilled in the art will understand that the movement detector 54 could be an accelerometer, a gyro scope, a tilt sensor or even a GPS receiver that sends the appropriate alarm signal to the controller 44 should move ment be detected.
It could also be interesting to pre-process the dead reck oning data directly in the controller 24 of the tracking device before sending it to the central server 10, especially when lower bandwidth is available, for example when jamming is detected and counteracted.
However, it is to be noted that since the central server 10 has virtually unlimited computational power, when possible raw dead reckoning data should be supplied thereto to allow, for example, multiple algorithms to determine current position to run simultaneously to thereby improve accuracy and/or cer tainty.
The cargo protection system of claim 1, wherein said communication module of said access point includes a cellular transceiver enabling the tracking device to commu nicate with the central server.
The cargo protection method of claim 19, wherein said last received GPS position data transmission act includes establishing a cellular communication between the tracking device and the central server.
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1030 Exhibit: EX1030 US Patent No 5,491,486 to Welles, II et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1030 Exhibit - EX1030 US Patent No 5,491,486 to Welles, II et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
"Swords into Plowshares' A Smart Approach to Freight Damage Prevention, GPS System, Communications Satel lites, & New Accelerometer Technology, Help Railroads Improve Service, Tim Slifkin, Elexor Assoc.
For pres ently available mobile tracking units, use of a motion sensor, Such as an accelerometer, has been suggested to detect shock or impact events which the vehicle encounters during rou tine use.
The transmit ted radio signals carry pseudo-random sequences which allow users to determine location relative to the surface of the earth (within approximately 100 ft), velocity (within about 0.1 MPH), and precise time information.
Further, as described in the foregoing incorporated by reference U.S. patents, the navi gation set can conveniently comprise a transceiver that inherently provides two-way communication with the con trol station and avoids the need for separately operating an additional component to implement such two-way commu nication.
A set of three accel erometers individually integrated with suitable signal con ditioning circuitry in a respective single monolithic inte grated circuit, such as accelerometer model ADXL50 available from Analog Devices, Norwood, Mass.
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1042 Exhibit: EX1042 US Patent No 6,522,266 to Soehren et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1042 Exhibit - EX1042 US Patent No 6,522,266 to Soehren et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
Integrating traditional inertial navigation and independent measure ments of distance traveled offers a solution to achieve optimal geolocation performance in the absence of GPS or 35 other radio-frequency positioning aids.
Unfortunately, the user does not always move in a predict- able manner and unusual motions (relative to walking), such as sidestepping, crawling, running, climbing, etc. are not correctly interpreted by conventional dead reckoning tech niques.
The exemplary system solves these, and other, problems by integrating inertial navigation and motion-model algorithms using a Kalman filter for estimat- ing the geolocation of the user in the absence of GPS or other radio-frequency position aids.
The exemplary system uses the additional GPS input to correct estimates of distance and position from the inertial navigation processing unit and modify the motion model parameters to maintain optimal performance.
At the end of each cycle of the Kalman processing, the error state variables estimated for the barometric altimeter, the magnetometer, the step model and the navigation param eters are applied to the appropriate correction terms.
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1039 Exhibit: EX1039 US Patent Application Publication No 2007005243A1 to Horvitz et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1039 Exhibit - EX1039 US Patent Application Publication No 2007005243A1 to Horvitz et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
[0004] Another aspect of the relevance of the loss of signals to a user's context and activities is related to a larger scale, that is, "urban canyons"-where GPS reception is poor because of surrounding structures.
[0009] In yet another aspect thereof, a machine learning and reasoning component is provided that employs a proba bilistic and/or statistical-based analysis to prognose or infer an action that a user desires to be automatically perfom1ed.
The GPS system can be turned off, to save power, and only tum it on again ifthere is a sign, perhaps coming from an accelerometer that the user has accelerated significantly, for example, the kinds of accelera tions that would only be seen in an automobile.
[0065] The illustrated aspects of the invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where cer tain tasks are perfonned by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network.
The system of claim I, further comprising a learning and reasoning component that employs a probabilistic and/ or statistical-based analysis to prognose or infer a situation, goal, or an action that a user desires to be automatically performed.
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1014 Exhibit: EX1014 US Patent No 7,106,189 to Burneske et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1014 Exhibit - EX1014 US Patent No 7,106,189 to Burneske et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
In still other systems time of arrival calculations are performed on signals emanating from antenna infrastructures that are already in place for other purposes such as wireless computer network access points or FM radio broadcast stations.
In further embodiments, the mitigating the measurement errors involves filtering and digitally sampling the linear acceleration and roll rate mea surements with initial calibration factors.
In even further embodiments, as a tracking device 100 changes location, the position coordinates are updated by, for example, adding calculated translation values from the integration and trans formation of measured roll and acceleration.
In further embodiments, the processor 230 doubly integrates the acceleration component along each axis of the tracking device computational frame of reference to update the asset position stored in memory 240.
In preferred embodiments, the communication network server 320 recognizes statisti cally unlikely paths (e.g., the majority of a tracking device's error bubble is very unlikely to pass through a wall).
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1013 Exhibit: EX1013 US Patent No 5,902,347 to Backman et al

Document IPR2020-01190, No. 1013 Exhibit - EX1013 US Patent No 5,902,347 to Backman et al (P.T.A.B. Jul. 22, 2020)
75 Inventors: Douglas J. Backman, Southbourough, Mass., Gene V. Roe, Henniker, N.H., Frank D. Defalco, Worcester; William R. Michallson, Charlton, both of Mass.
In addition, the device contains a simple menu-driven user interface which allows panning and Zooming the image data, marking locations of interest, and other Such functions.
Nothing in the design shall prohibit using techniqueS Such as filling the optical area with an inert gas to inhibit the formation of condensation if the device is Subjected to temperature and humidity eXtremeS.
In most graphical applications, a 10-15 Mbyte com pressed image is decompressed into Virtual memory to its original Size at which point it can be accessed as if it was a Single large array.
This results in a file that is encoded in a manner that makes it difficult to directly access an arbitrary portion of the compressed image (as would be common when doing pan and Zoom).
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