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Brief amicus curiae of Coles Whalen - Certificate of Word Count

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amicus curiae of Coles Whalen, Certificate of Word Count (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)
Supreme Court of the United States
I hereby certify that I am a member in good standing of the bar of this Court and that the Brief of Coles Whalen as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondent contains 6,056 words and complies with the word limitation established by Rule 33.1(g)(xiv) of the Rules of this Court.
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Brief amici curiae of First Amendment - Main Document

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of First Amendment, Main Document (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)
]” Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 309–10 (1940); see also Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568, 572–573 (1942) (rejecting a First Amendment challenge to a general- intent construction of a state “fighting words” statute that allowed for conviction based on what “men of common intelligence would understand would be words likely to cause an average addressee to fight”).
These early threat laws made it a crime to “knowingly send or deliver any letter or writing ... threatening to maim, wound, kill or murder any person, or to burn his or her [property], though no money, goods or chattels, or other valuable thing shall be demanded.” Id. at 761 (citations and quotation marks omitted).
These experts recognize that the mindset of stalking, which by definition is a course of conduct that takes place over time and frequently involves a failure or refusal to accept objective reality, is too complex to be reduced to simplistic notions of a single, stable, subjective intent to threaten.
1451, 1478 (2022) (quotation marks and footnotes omitted); see also id. at 1511–12 (explaining that “threats of violence and physical harm are a powerful force for self-censorship, which trigger deeper psychological states of fear, anxiety, and severe emotional distress that then in turn amplify social conformity”).
As one court has explained, “[w]ell-intentioned compliments by co-workers or supervisors can form the basis of a sexual harassment cause of action if a reasonable victim of the same sex as the plaintiff would consider the comments sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter a condition of employment and create an abusive working environment.” Vaughn v. Pool Offshore Co., 683 F.2d 922, 925 n.3 (5th Cir.1982).
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Brief amicus curiae of the United States - Main Document

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amicus curiae of the United States, Main Document (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)
If the Court nonetheless concludes that defendants who make objectively threatening statements need more breathing room for legitimate expression, a mens rea of recklessness would suffice.
None of those interests depends on a defendant’s subjective in- tent or knowledge, and the definition of a true threat should not depend on a prosecutor’s ability to conclu- sively disprove a defendant’s subjective beliefs.
None of the cases that petitioner cites (Br.
... that “a prohibition on true threats” serves—protecting individuals from “ ‘the possibility that the threatened violence will occur,’ ” “ ‘the fear of vi- olence,’ ” and “ ‘the disruption that fear engenders,’ ” 538 U.S. at 360 (citation omitted)—none ...
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Brief amici curiae of First Amendment - Main Document

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of First Amendment, Main Document (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of First Amendment - Proof of Service

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of First Amendment, Proof of Service (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of Illinois et al - Main Document

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of Illinois et al, Main Document (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of Lawyers Committee - Main Document

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of Lawyers Committee, Main Document (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of Lawyers Committee - Certificate of Word Count

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of Lawyers Committee, Certificate of Word Count (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amicus curiae of Coles Whalen - Main Document

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amicus curiae of Coles Whalen, Main Document (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of Illinois et al - Proof of Service

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of Illinois et al, Proof of Service (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Motion of the Solicitor General for - Proof of Service

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Motion of the Solicitor General for, Proof of Service (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of National Family - Certificate of Word Count

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of National Family, Certificate of Word Count (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of National Family - Main Document

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of National Family, Main Document (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amici curiae of National Family - Proof of Service

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amici curiae of National Family, Proof of Service (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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Brief amicus curiae of Coles Whalen - Proof of Service

Document Billy Raymond Counterman, Petitioner v. Colorado, 22-138, Brief amicus curiae of Coles Whalen, Proof of Service (U.S. Mar. 31, 2023)

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