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1032 Exhibit: Exhibit 1032 US 5,331,637 Francis

Document IPR2017-01600, No. 1032-35 Exhibit - Exhibit 1032 US 5,331,637 Francis (P.T.A.B. Jun. 16, 2017)

[75] Inventors: Paul T. Francis, Morristown, N.J.; [75] Inventors: Paul T. Francis, Morristown, N.J.; Anthony J. Ballardie, Alstonefield; Anthony J. Ballardie, Alstone?eld; Jonathan A. Crowcroft, London, Jonathan A. Crowcroft, London, both of England both of England [73] Assignee: Bell Communications Research, Inc., [73] Assignee: Bell Communications Research, Inc., Livingston, N.J. Livingston, NJ.

Alternatively, the packet may contain voice data 1) or routers a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, of a speaking teleconference participant at a source s (shown as squares in FIG. 1).

The router r7 transmits a copy of the received packet to the destination node d3 5 uses a modified reverse path forwarding algorithm to copy of the received packet to the destination node d3 uses a modi?ed reverse path forwarding algorithm to via the routers r9 and rlO.

The copies of the packet are then transmitted ing table is indexed by the multicast address of the core via the appropriate links to the member nodes.

FIG. 7 depicts a forwarding table at a node of the communicates a request to join the particular multicast communicates a request to join the particular multicast FIG. 7 depicts a forwarding table at a node of the internet of FIG. 6 in the process of being added to a group to a designated router.

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1005 Exhibit: Exhibit 1005 Francis Yallcast

Document IPR2017-01600, No. 1005-8 Exhibit - Exhibit 1005 Francis Yallcast (P.T.A.B. Jun. 16, 2017)

Viewed this way, the majority of what gets transmitted over the internet is distribution: mail, news, web pages (HTML) and files of all types (jpg, mp3, etc.), chat, channels, DNS records, audio-video broadcasts, and so on.

In addition to open standards like NNTP, IRC, ICP, RFC822 mail headers, and so on, many companies offer proprietary server-based systems: Pointcast for its channels, Tivoli for its software distribution, Tibco for its publish/subscribe stuff, RealNetworks for its audio-video broadcasts, and on and on.

In fact, a key objective of most reliable transport protocols for IP multicast is to build a tree (among routers or among hosts, depending on the scheme) over which acks or naks can be sent.

Recently the IETF chartered an ad hoc group, called maddogs, to explore ways to overcome the problems of IP multicast and to make it more suitable for commercial products and services.

All other intent to joins are stamped as rejected and replicated, with one copy going back the way it came over the reverse path to flush it from the loop detection maps, and the other going directly to the originator.

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