According to the ’450 patent, the MAP scheduling method defined by the IEEE 802.16 standard involves significant control overhead, amounting altogether to 52 bits, representing as much as 32.5% of overall data communication for application such as voice-over-IP (“VoIP”) and resulting in a relatively low spectral efficiency.
More particularly, according to the ’450 patent, when applications of a similar type are grouped together within a zone, a reduction in the number of bits necessary for mapping a packet stream to a time-frequency segment can be achieved.
Figure 6, above, is “a diagram illustrating factors used for determining the number of modulation symbols allocated per slot according to an embodiment of [Kim’s] invention in an [Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access] system.” Ex. 1005 ¶ 43.
Petitioner further contends that “prior art knowledge of transmission of a ‘starting time-frequency coordinate’ for resource allocation is acknowledged in the Background Section of the ’450 patent itself,” which, Petitioner argues, “explains that, according to the existing IEEE 802.16 standard, ‘resource allocation is identified in the time domain scale with a start symbol offset (8 bits) ... and in the frequency domain scale with a start logical subchannel offset (6 bits).’” Pet. 44 (emphases omitted) (citing Ex. 1001, 1:60–66; Ex. 1003 ¶ 123).
Finally, with respect to the step of “recovering by the mobile station the information from the received signal based on the starting time- frequency coordinate and N in conjunction with the identifier assigned to the mobile station,” Petitioner contends that the IEEE802.16-2004 DL-MAP control message includes an “OFDMA symbol offset” and “subchannel offset” that collectively represent the claimed “starting time-frequency” and that the Kim-IEEE802.16-2004 combination network would utilize such symbol offset and subchannel offset to implement Kim’s “location information.” Pet. 57–58 (emphasis omitted) (citing Ex. 1003 ¶ 149; Ex. 1005 ¶¶ 73, 75, 81, 82; Ex. 1008, 557 (Table 275), 558).