Additionally, in accordance with methods and systems consistent with the present invention, a number of network topologies are provided that are designed to facilitate recon?guration.

Peercy, M. et al., “Distributed Algorithms for Shortest—Path, Deadlock—Free Routing and Broadcasting in Arbitrarily Faulty Hypercubes,” International Symposium on Fault Tol erant Computing Systems (FTCS), US, Los Alamitos, IEEE Comp.

As used herein, the term “node” refers to any device capable of communicating, such as a computer, router, switch, network processor, or symmetric multiprocessor.

Additionally, in accor dance with methods and systems consistent with the present invention, a number of network topologies are provided that are designed to facilitate recon?guration.

FIG. 15 depicts a flowchart of the steps performed-when reconfiguring one of the network topologies in accordance with methods and systems consistent with the present inven- tion.

Descriptions of parallel computing systems are found I in US Pat. Nos. 4,636,948, assigned to IBM; 4,514,807 to Tatsuo; 4,814,980 and 4,730,322 to California Insti tute of Technology; 4,811,214 to 4,543,630 to Teradata; 4,748,660 to Jeumont-Schneider; and 4,598,400 to Thinking Machines Corp.

These patents describe vari ous architectures for parallel processing that represent 5,181,017 earlier development of routing systems similar to the subject invention.

If the received byte is a LINK-CLOSE command the processing continues in function block 9190 where the path through the crossbar switch is closed and the state becomes IDLE.

The delay between END-OF-MESSAGE and ACKNOWLEDGE or LINK-CLOSE should be as short as possible since the routing mechanism holds a path back to the source node open until the ?nal LINK CLOSE is seen.

The method as recited in claim 1, wherein in step (a) said header portion includes at least one bit position corresponding to each output link transmitter in said one node, said method comprising the further steps of: responding to a bit group state to establish said con nection to a corresponding output link transmitter, except if said corresponding output link transmitter manifests busy or inoperative signals to indicate a non-available status; and transmitting to said preceding node a link-close signal in response to said manifestation of said busy or inoperative signals.

In one embodiment, the distance that the edge connection request message travels is established by the portal computer to be approximately twi e the estimated diameter of the broadcast channel.

The broadcast technique can then repeatedly invoke the XDR routines to retri ve the messages and use the success or failure of each invocation to determine whether ano er block of 1,024 bytes needs to be retrieved from the operating system.

In block 1303, the IOITILIDC invokes the Figure 14 is a flow diagram illustrating the processing Lpf the external connect callback routine to notify the application program and then returns.

Coincident with these developments and the uptake in adoption of these applications, Clip2 has seen a steady increase in the number of responsive hosts active ‘at any given time on the network, rising from a typical figure of 500 in October to more than 1500 in early January 2001.

Response times vary considerably for any given mes- sage, depending on load and on how ‘far away” one is from the token holder when there is a need to speak Frequently low-end electronic operator interface (EOI) units will be found on I/0 networks, basically replacing simple push button, pilot light and meters.

Such applications often involve many par- ticipants and typically require a specific form of mul- ticast communication called dissemination in which a single sender must reliably transmit data to multiple receivers in a timely fashion.

The control tree hierarchy employs restricted nooks with suppression and an expanding ring search to distribute the functions of state management and error recovery among many members, thereby allowing scalability to large numbers of receivers.

Third, multiple Tack in- tervals during the retransmission interval provide suffi- cient opportunity for a domain manager to recover from transient network load in its part of the subtree without unnecessarily applying backpressure to the sender.

After some preliminary evaluation of different setting for N, our empirical results indicated that N = 3 provides suffi- cient time for local domains to recover without delaying acks unnecessarily or consuming too much buffer space.

Computation capability in intermediate nodes is usumed limited so that all decisions made enroute should be simple and could not rely, for example, on generating random numbers or on tables that grow with the size of the network.

Attachment 11d: Statewide Illinois Library Catalog record for IEEE Transactions on Computers

Attachment 11e: List of publications citing Document 11 identified by IEEE Xplore Digital Library

Attachment 11e: List of publications citing Document 11 identified by IEEE Xplore Digital Library

Attachment 12a: Copy of Document 12 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library ACTIVISION, EA, TAKE-TWO, 2K, ROCKSTAR, Ex. 1004, p. 378 of 787

Attachment 12a: Copy of Document 12 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library ACTIVISION, EA, TAKE-TWO, 2K, ROCKSTAR, Ex. 1004, p. 379 of 787

It allows a group of hosts that are receiving/sending content to dynamically self-organize themselves into a distribution topology tunneled over unicast and, where available, multicast IP.

So organized, the hosts can efficiently distribute content synchronously (as with the mbone) or asynchronously (as with netnews).

The first and enduring goal of this project is to create an open-source software base upon which a wide range of content distribution applications can be built.

The second goal is to use the knowledge gained from the software to create IETF standards for content distribution.

We envision these standards as being positioned as "lower-middleware"---above TCP/UDP but below other middleware such as messaging, mail, channels, etc. Yallcast Software Yallcast Documentation (new Dec. 15, 1999) Related Projects Mailing Lists (new Dec. 15, 1999) People Paul Francis, NTT Information Sharing Platform Laboratories francis@slab.ntt.co.jp Dec. 15, 1999

Stations in a token-ring network are physically connected, typically in a star-wired ring topology, to a wiring concentrator such as the IBM® 8228 Multistation Access Unit.

Each station is connected to the concentrator typically by shielded twisted pair (STP) cabling.

When a station transmits its data packet, the token-ring switch reads the packet's destination address information and forwards the data directly to the receiving station.

The switch then establishes a dedicated connection between the two stations, enabling data to be transmitted and received at the same time.

Full-duplex token ring increases sending and receiving bandwidth for connected stations, improving network performance.

Page 1 of [7 This form Is to be used for disclosure to The Boeing Company of Inventions, discoveries, improvements or Innovations, whetheror not considered patentable.

Introduction in collaborative workflow, and to The need has been increasing in large software projects, facilitate enterprise-wide-engineering, for an effective means to allow scalable and reliable sharing of information across multiple processes.

For example, has proven valuable in allowing collaborative design reviews to take place at geographically distant sites, such as between Everett, WA, and St. Louis, MO.

To enhance the value of J and enable additional world-wide electronic collaboration applications, programmers need a software mechanism allowing dozens, hundreds, or perhaps thousands of participating computer processes to simultaneously share information easily, quickly, and reliably across the world.

Background There are four categories of computer network communication systems that might be applied to the problem of wide-area simultaneous sharing of information for the purpose of collaborative processing.

1 Bungie, Inc., who filed a Petition in IPR2016-00935, has been joined as a petitioner in this proceeding.

participants.

Systems.

In my opinion, a person of ordinary skill in the art seeking to improve or modify the system taught in Francis would have looked to similar concepts discussed in Gilbert for inspiration.

Additionally, a person of ordinary skill in the art seeking to further improve the system in Francis by increasing the efficiency of the join process would have also been inspired by Gilbert’s use of a network manager to identify and contact an existing member node.

Thus, it would be a natural step for a person of ordinary skill in the art to add rendezvous-host responsibilities to network participants if the added security of a separate rendezvous host is not needed.

A person of ordinary skill in the art would have been further inspired by the efficiencies achieved by Gilbert’s teachings of having the portal computer sending the connection request to existing nodes on the network.

A person of ordinary skill in the art seeking to advance Francis’s objective that “each member establishes the same number of mesh links” would have looked to Gilbert for inspiration on how to maintain such a topology while adding new nodes.