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`intellectual Property
`Office
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`An Agency of
`industry Canada
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`Office do {a Proprifi,
`intellectueile
`0111 Canada
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`Un organisme
`d'lndusstrie Canada
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`(410) 28.03.2001
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`(7i)
`BASU, ANUP (CA).
`MOORE, BRIAN H. (CA).
`
`TELEPHOTOGEMCS MO,
`93 Lombard firesceni, ST. ALBERT, A1 (CA).
`
`<74)
`
`THOMPSON, DOUGLAS B.
`
`METHODE ET DlSPOSlTlF D’EXPLORATlDN l-lAUTE RESOLUTlON DES YEUX
`
`HOD AND APPARATUS FOR A HJGH RESOLUTlDN EYE SCANNER
`ME
`
`(54)
`(54;
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`(57)
`
`An apparems and method are deecribed which
`provide a unique way of creating a
`very high
`resolution image of the retina inside an eye.
`In one
`aspect, the apparaiue uses a very resolution linear {ICE}
`array coupled wiln structured light projectors (or low
`power eye safe lasers) to illuminate the
`reiina to
`capture a very high resolution image segment of the
`retina,
`in another aspect, a moving light pattern is
`used which is tracked by an
`observer whose eye is
`being scanned, and the image segments of the retina as
`the eye
`tracks the moving light pattern is integrated
`to form a very high resolution image
`segment of the
`retina,
`in yet another aspect.
`the structured light
`projectors can he used to project
`a known paiien‘. on
`the retina to reconstruct a 151'.) man of
`the retinal
`surface integrating 3D informaiiori computed as the eye
`tracks
`a moving
`light.
`in
`yet
`another
`aspect,
`innovative methods; are used to register the orienlalion
`of the eye being scanned with the very high resolution
`image
`segment
`captured at
`any point of
`iime.
`
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`(TA 02284299 l9‘a‘9-‘U9*28
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`{nammwwmwwmmmmmmm,,,,,
`{Name ofPamnt: Meihod ami apparatus for a high msg#12282”: aye scanner
`
`Assignoe: Telephotogemos inc.
`9'3 Lombard Crescgm
`
`St. mom, AB 78}; 3N1
`CAN ADA
`
`Phone: {780)«4 14v0623
`FAX: {780)«419~30§0
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`fi I
`
`nventors: Amp Basin, St, Aibent, Canada
`Simian H. Moore, Edmonton, Canada
`
`An apparatus and method are dosoribod which provide a unique way oforeating a
`very high resolution image of the I‘mixia inside an eyo.
`In one impact, the. apparatus uses a very resolution linear C(31) army coupled with
`i structured light projoctoi's (or low powar oyo sat}: lasers) to illuminate the retina to
`gcap'ture a very high i'ewlmion image segment of the: retina.
`‘
`in anothor aspect, a moving light pattern is uscxi which is tracked by an observer
`whose aye is being scamwd, and the: image segmoms of’thc retina as the. eye tracks the
`moving light pattern is integrated to form a very high resolution image segment of the
`'I'etina.
`
`In yot another impact, the. structured fight projectors can be used to project a
`known pattern 011 the: retiria to roconstmot 2131‘) map offline retina? sniffing integrating
`3D infm‘mation computed as the eye tracks a moving iighi.
`In. yet another aspect, innovativo methods aré: mod to ragifimr the orientation of
`the ow: being scmned with the vow high msoimion imagt) sogmamt capmred at any point
`oftime.
`
`
`
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`

`

`CA ”2284299 l9‘l‘.)>09-28
`
`Mmttaod amt annotating for a high retaliation eyo seams”
`
`Field ol‘ttan invmtion
`
`This in‘vuntion relates to a device for creating vary high resolution imagoxy of the retina
`insults at human eye. More specifically, tho invention rclatos to combining image segments,
`captured with a high resolution linear {It'll}, as the eye moves to track a moving light
`oat-team to create a very high resolution image of the. retina The: invention also relates to a
`manual and (it-Nico for mgistering the: image segments Obtaiilfitd as tho aye movos, to track
`the moving light pattern, with tho unionization oftlto eye.
`
`Background of the involution
`
`{Eu-trout novices for obtaining pioturtzs of the retina. suffer from lack ot‘good detail, thumb};
`making diagnosis of eye diseases difficult. This problem is especially rolovmit in tho
`context of ’l‘olollnaltli when: images may he acquitoti for rumoto diagnosis by a dootor;
`lack of high quality in the images captured moans that telodiagnosis is lmpossiblo
`This invention introduces: a now method and apparatus which makes it possihlo to obtain
`images of the: retina with quality surpassing what can be omen/on by a doctor with his or
`her naked eye.
`There. are. sovoml unique componnnts in the device described in this invention
`compared to devious downbeat heretofore. First, the method and apparatus for creating
`very high resolution retinal images is unique. Second, the method and device pt‘ovidos a
`means for integrating image segments over time to ornate a vet}! high resolution retinal
`image Third, the method and apparatus provides a moans for illuminating tho inside ot‘tlie
`eye using limited amozmt of lighting, thnreby not closing the iris while imaging. Forth, the
`triothocl and apparatus provides a means ofilluminating and winging a Wide: field of View
`inside the gyro.
`
`Summary of the intimation
`
`it is a primary object oftltis iswmtion to provide a new and impx'ovod waxy high resolution
`imaging mothod and apparatus For scanning tho retinal Stut‘ace of human eyes.
`
`it: is a further object of this invention to provide a method and uppatatun for noctu‘utoly
`registering tlm image segment captuuxl at an instant of tuna with the corresponding
`oxiuntatiou «of-the: oyo.
`
`According to the pz‘esont iuvuntion, am oyo summing system is developed continuing ot‘two
`or more stmfiturofi light (or low powor eyemsafio laser line) projectors; a high resolution
`linoar CC}? based sensor and associatot‘l electronic components; an optional area {3CD
`basal tonsm‘ and associated elmtx‘onio components; an optional partial reflector (or
`partially silvumd mirror} ; a device. to plaoo an eye for imaging; a moving light pattern; and
`a high speed standafds tinged bi-»dimctional communication (tux/ice for translating digital
`imagu data to a computoy or other storagé: device,
`
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`

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`{TA 02184299 199')- ()‘_)~ 25
`
`Further, according to the present inveniion, a bidirectional oommlmication system is
`providech for ma} time modifications of me parametm‘s of the inmging system) in order to
`control the: focussing of’thc light (laser) sources on the retina
`
`Briaf dwmfipfihn of flu: drawings
`
`The ibregoing amj othor objscts, foatums, banafits, and advaxataghs ofthe. invention will be
`(fiesmbed in the prefm‘ed embodiments ofihe 5315mm in conjunction with tho
`accompanying drawings, in which:
`
`F513;. 1 is a diagram of a prefetmd embodiment of 1:1»: prosmfi iswmxtion,
`
`153g. 2 is a diagram showing the: iocation of a hi~hnear CCU within the camera 6 in Fig. 1.
`
`Fig. 3 is a diagrmn showing the iocaiion of an optional partial reflector and the
`cowasponding area CCD within the camera 6 in Pig. 1.
`
`fig. 4 is a diagram showing the projection of a hanow imam of light (or tow power iasar}
`on the mime: from the lighting dovioos '7 in Fig. i.
`
`Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a computer and cmmnunication whh the
`eye sommi 11g systom.
`
`Fig. {'3' is a. diagram showing another embodiment of the present. invention.
`
`Fig. ’7 is a block diagram relating ”the operation ofvarious hardware. momponems.
`
`Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the :imggrmion ofimago data (>on timo to cream a
`composite image of the retina.
`
`fiomifimfi doscrfipatmn of the prafm‘md mnbodhamm
`
`Refining now to figure 1, a «sum/6d surfaho l with an opening to allow an eye :0 $00k
`through is shown. A circular or elliptical or other appropiiamly shaped ring 3 holding, a
`number of lights 4- that can be controlied to create a moving Eight pattern is also shown; at
`moving pattern on an LC?) dissplay can bifl: used instead of a number oflighls in 4. An eye
`placed at ‘2 can be imaghd by a Gamma 6 with 163m; 5. Tho interim ofthe aye. can be.
`iiluminatod using two fight SGuI'CES (01’ km powor oyosafc iasars) 7.
`
`Roferring new to Figure 2, the inside of (mmom 6 is shown in greater detail. in one. form
`of operation ooh; one iii-linear sensor 8, mnsisting of 3 some!" Enos 9, 30, and 11
`cozmsponding to red, green, and blue, is used to capture a vertical strip of image ofpim of
`this says. in this form ofoperatiots 3116 rod sgxasor is tunesd to captum the orienmiion of‘the
`
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`CA 0228415”)
`
`l999--ll9--28
`
`eye with inner-red sensing, while the retina is illuminated with blue and green lighting
`which can lire imaged by the blue and green sensors.
`
`Referring now to Figure 3, the. inside nfihe camera is shown in greater detail in another
`farm nfnperatleu in which a partial reflector (0r partially silvered nurror) 1'2. is used to
`reflect. part el‘tlre image to be Captured by an infrared C(31) 13.
`
`Referring now to Figure 4, the means ef’ illuminating the inside of’the eye using structured
`light (ur low newer laser) preieetors 7 is shown in greater detail. Rays 34 from the tug)
`prnjeeter and IayS 15 from the. bottom prefieemr in eenjrmetion overlap in illuminate a
`large vertical field of View on the retina 16. Only tlun vertical beams are projected inside
`the eyes, thereby the overall brightness perceived by the eye is low and does not cause the
`iris to close.
`
`Referring new to Figure 5, the syslem is eontmllm‘i by a. manputer 1'7 or similar electronic
`control device. The electronics in the camera {a 00erle the lighting device 1?: and
`synchronizes the image capture with movement oftlie light pattern in the lighting device 3.
`The communicutieu between the curnputer 17 and the tamera 6 is bidirectional; image
`segments inside the eye captured by the camera 6 are transferred to the eemputer 17
`whereas eperational emumands lsgued by the amplifier 1'? are translbrred in the camera, 6.3.
`
`Relerring new to Elmira fa, anniher possible implementation of the system for eye scanning
`is Shawn. In this; implementation several partially silvered mirrors or similar optical
`devices are used in mnjunctien with multiple lenses instead of'the arrangement in Figure
`1. ln the implementation in Figure 6,
`the eye under observatien 18 has a light pattern 19
`projected on the retina which is imaged by an area CCD camera 22‘ The other conrpenenlts
`et’llre system in Figure 6 include: a half silvered miner 20? a lens: 2} for the area CCD
`camera 22, another half silvered mirror 23 used to reflect part oftlae light in image a
`vertical segment uf the feline using a lens 2% and a linear (3CD 2.5, auuther half silver‘erl
`mirror 26 used t0 guifie a linear light source 28 with a lens 27' fer immersing tn prujuct a.
`linear beam on the retina, and a. muving light source 29 (which may be created by a pninl
`source (if light placed an a rotating unit) that when reflected by the hall‘silvererl miner
`surface 20 anpears as a. inuviug light patient similar in 3 in figure l.
`
`Referring now to Figure 7, a block diagram relating the operation el‘and interactions
`among various electrmue emupenente nftlu: sysrem is shown. ln this figure; A is 3 Linear
`CCU Demeter; B represents the Analng output nl‘tlre Linear CED Beleetm; {I is an
`Analug in Digital converter; 1) represents the Digital output: offs/D eonvertm‘ C; E is the
`Men—rely fur staring the digital Output of the Linear CCD Detector; F is the Linear C(31)
`neteetor Memery nutput, 314(1 .12) t0 Nl.i(11..n); (3 is the Timing unit for ecu as well as
`address: generator for Linear and area Detector Memories; H is an. Area CC?) deter-tar;
`l is the Analog output of Area liteteeter; l is the Area Beteclor’e Analog to Digital
`converter; K is the digital output {WA/D l; L is the Memory for sturing the Digital
`output of Area {1:313 Detector; M is Area (3CD Detector Memery output,
`lA(x,y} to
`
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`

`

`(IA “2234299 l999~09~28
`
`'NA{x.,y)z; N is a Microoroocssor; G is tho mommy ofzihe Microprocessor; P is tho Memory
`Bother for CCDS, linear and moo; anti Q is the Mioroprooosmr Mommy Bus.
`
`Refining now to Fight: 8, the image of‘a vertical strip 30 on the. mom is obtainod as an
`intensity map 32. The integration oi‘tho location oftho strip with the intensity map
`producos an image strip 33 in the rotina. The image strips 31 ovor time am accumulatod to
`produszo an image: ofa region 33 of the retinal surface.
`
`in operation, an eye placed at location 2 tracks a continuously moving light pattern 4
`(containod inside. a circular or ellipiiml or other relevant shape 3, Thih light beams (or eye»
`safe low powor lasers) am projected on to tho retina 16 firom light {or laser) projootors 7.
`The rayo 14 and 15 from the light sources 7 in combination iiluminato a largo vorlical
`Sogmom of the retina 16. High resolution imago sogmonts are imaged by a camera 6 using
`a linoar CC!) 3 as the eye movoa to track. the. light pattern 4. These image segments are:
`imagrated over timo by registering the. orientation oftho eyo with tho image segment
`captured at an instant of limo. Rogisiering hmgo sogmems captured at an llifiivaifi offimo
`will} the orientation of an eye can he. achiovrxl in at least two different ways. hr one
`approach two linear SQBESOYS {say 9 and 10 reprosooting blur: and green) can be mod to
`oapturo image segments inside tho oyo by illuminating the ream only with light in the: blue:
`anti grow spec-mam, while 1i mpreseming red can be tuned to capture an infrared sogmom
`of the surface oftha 8319? thereby making i1: possible :0 register retinal image segments
`with ”rho corresponding orientation ofthe eye. In another approach, part of tho light;
`coming into the camera is. milmtml using a partial reflector (or oartialiy silvered mirror) 12
`to an infrared aroa {3CD sonsor Whig}: captures an outline of the outside surface oftho
`oyo, while the trinlioear sensor 8 can be concurrently usmi to capmrc a vertical strip of
`image inside the eye. Using the orientation of the eye as a roforeoco, vofiioal image
`sogmohts ofthc retina. can be intogratod over time: to aware it very high resolution image
`oi‘tho Mimi millage.
`
`in another modo ofopemtiorr, the rays 14 and 35 from the: light sources: 7 can he used to
`project a known pattern on the rotioa, such as dot pattoma, which can be imaged by the
`linear (SCI) 8 to obtain infomiation that can be mood to compute depth. lo ordor to
`(limioguish hotweezo the: light sources l4 and 15 the two sour‘cos can project light in
`different wavelengtlm, «3;, him: and green, and these patterns can be aligned with the
`corresponding (7CD hm: 9, 10 or 1 l morass-rating rod , green and blue sensors‘ Again,
`using {has oriemzatioii ofthe eye as a reforonce, vertical image segments oftho retina. can 336:
`integrated over time to cram: a very high resolution image oftho retinal surface.
`
`in oporalion, 3, szorriputor I? controio the moving light paitem 4‘ while imogo segments of
`the room: am u'zmgforreii to the compumr storage along, with an image (or image segment)
`recording rho oriomatim} ofthe eyo. In one form ofimplomen’tmion, the: commuter has; hi~
`directional communication ovor high~spcod Mandala hast-2d communication links with a
`mom‘irroication board in this. imaging device. The communication board iii the imaging
`device controls the oomoiion ol‘lho moving light paflmr 225 well as this Structured light (or
`
`

`

`CA 012234299 l999~*09»38
`
`laser) projectors 7 However, various other arr‘amgétmonts ofrhe communication system
`and protoooi are possible without changing tho essence of‘die ovorofi apparatus.
`
`'I'here are various ways to acitiiovo the. barrio setup in which a iiriear source of Eight is
`projected on rho hack: mini: whilo a patiorit follows a moving do: of flight. The projocted
`line is iocatod on the, sauna wriica] axis as a linear CCD which capturea a line image of that
`part of retina. illuminated by the Zinear iight source. Tho patient follows the dot of lighr
`which causes the. eye to scan Ecfi~right (yaw) up~down (pitch) whereby causing rho line
`projection to swoop a connected region in tho rotirra. The: so“: up also monitors rho iris and
`pupil with an arr->8: oarrrorai The area omnora or area (SCI) is: used to registor and record rho
`orientation ofrhe eye. The eye orirsmatioo arm have Yaw, Pitch as wofi as some rotation
`(Roii) degrees offroedom. Ariorher mothod of'achioving 1hr. basic setup in shown in
`Figure 6‘ in this setup, rho eye 18 tracks a moving light paliom croatod by the reflection of
`a moving point source ofiight 2.9 from a hair" siivorod mirror 20. Note that 29 may consist
`of a single light source mounted on a rotating piratfigirm, rather {hart a coiiocrion. of lights 3
`«awaiting a moving Eight pattern. The orioriratism offline. eye: is estimated by capturing; the
`image's ofthe iris and pupii using an infrared area CC!) 22 camera with a Ions 2} A linear
`segment of the retina on which a iino beam is projected, by a line some-s2: 28 {harassed using
`a lens 27 and reflected ofl‘ haif'siivered mirrors; 23 and 20, is imagod by Miriam-(3C1) 25
`camora with a lens 24 for focussing; this mangomom is more: compact than using}, two line
`light source projectors '7 in fire arrangement in Figure 1. Again? the: set up in figure 6 can
`be used to obtain 3D riots. on the retinal surface by using the line boom projector 28 to
`projector 21 right pattern, such as a dot pattern, on 31hr: retina.
`
`With referenco to Figure ”I, a method for intograting image segments over time is
`explained in greater domi} using a block diagram showing the various hardware.
`components and their inter~re1aticmships. For correot registration rho (3CD dmocwrs aro
`synohronimd in time. A150 for correct rogistraiion tho address on each detector, Linear
`and Area, write imo mommy locations; for the same address: so that each area scam
`correrrponds to it iinear scan. in this way the threw zmgios, elevation, azimuth and roll} can
`be calculator} by the microprooosrsor basod on tho error: sensor mapping oi‘the iritr Given
`the three: awgios calculated for sash merriory location the microprocessor their roaris the
`lirroar scam memory and builds the map of the: retina: from the linear scans which roprosonr
`smaii segments: of the image, In this way the Moroprocossor roads all oftiro arm: memory
`and computes. a compote: table. ofiooations for tho linoar mans to be “81136 in.
`
`Stop 1: Road area sonsor or memory iocau‘on 1 using 21”} intensity amp oforoa sensor for
`iocar‘ioo one as first roforonco.
`
`Step 2: Road area sensor 3r. irrmrwxy iowtion 2 using area data cakzolaio new eye iooa’tiorz
`by differential mapping to iocatioo ’1,
`
`”ibis calculation wiil yieid eye. pitch roii and, tilt. Store thesis riumbors in microprocessor
`memory or memory IA.
`
`6
`
`

`

`CA 0228429?)
`
`i‘)9‘>‘~(¥9"28
`
`Step 3: Ropes: snap 2 soquemiafly reading area dam and calculating and storing oyo
`positions through complete so: ofaroa nmmoxy iocafions from 1A to XA.
`
`
`
`Byr; positions Calcuhncd
`
`
`{:(goais Wfiu‘i);
`
`Stop 4;
`Read calculatsd eye positions in memory 1A. inon Pita}: R01} and ’l‘iit calculate fiifi
`straight line projsotion of this on a. serios of mommy ioca’cions may) to N(x,y) on a 2D
`mommy map corresponding to tho projection of a straight line and the goomemcai
`position oftho eye. This can be done because ofthe prior knowiedgo ofthe tine. projection
`relationship to the are-a sensor,
`
`
`
`mWWW *WWWN
`
`Eyepositions;CalculatedWW! KCSECMSIG
`
`\“---.‘m-NW
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