(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT)
`
`(19) World Intellectual Property Organization
`International Bureau
`
`(43) International Publication Date
`4 October 2007 (04.10.2007)
`
`
`
`International Patent Classification:
`
`Not classified
`
`(74)
`
`International Application Number:
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`ink
`inkjet
`(57) Abstract: A smear resistant
`(160) formulation includes ink (160) includes
`between 0.1 and 6% colorant, between 1 and
`40% solvent, between 0.3 and 10% latex binder
`having a particle size between 100 and 300 nm
`and a glass transition temperature between —20
`and +100 degrees Celsius, water, and between
`0.1 and 4% hydrophobic styrene—acrylic or
`acrylic resin having an acid number between
`50 and 250 and a molecular weight between
`1,000 and 60,000 or a polyurethane resin having
`an acid number between 40 and 200 and a
`
`molecular weight between 3,000 and 400,000.
`
`(54) Title: TNKJET INK SOLVENT SYSTEM
`
`COMPUTING
`DEVICE
`
`7 W 110
`
`100
`
`1 30
`
`‘
`\\‘
`
`V7 k 7
`
`SERVO
`
`’7 12O
`
`
`
`1 50
`
`,//
`
`//
`
`/ 7
`
`//
`~\\
`c
`"I,
`4//
`
`\‘\._
`, /-’
`//’
`1*) c
`,
`/ \
`I
`
`I
`
`7' 180
`
`(10) International Publication Number
`
`WO 2007/112337 A2
`
`Agents: HAYMOND, W. Bradley et al.; Hewlett—Packard
`Company, Intellectual Property Administration, PO. Box
`272400 Mail Stop 35, Fort Collins. Colorado 80527—2400
`(US).
`
`Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for ever
`kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM,
`AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR. BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH,
`CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES,
`FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN,
`IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR,
`LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY,
`MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS,
`RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN,
`TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW.
`
`(81)
`
`International Filing Date:
`
`26 March 2007 (26.03.2007)
`
`Filing Language:
`
`Publication Language:
`
`English
`
`English
`
`Priority Data:
`1 1/390,778
`
`27 March 2006 (27.03.2006)
`
`US
`
`except US):
`(for all designated States
`Applicant
`HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COM-
`
`PANY, L.P. [US/US]; 20555 S.h. 249, Houston, Texas
`77070 (US).
`
`Inventors; and
`SARKISIAN,
`Inventors/Applicants (for US only):
`George 1V1. [US/US]; 16399 W. Bernardo, San Diego, Ca]—
`ifornia 92127—1899 (US). CAGLE, Phillip C. [US/US];
`16399 W. Bernardo, San Diego, California 92127—1899
`(US).
`
`(84)
`
`Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every
`kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH,
`GM, KE, LS, MW, NIZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM,
`ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM),
`European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI,
`FR, GB, GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MT, NL, PL,
`
`[Continued on next page]
`
`(51)
`
`(21)
`
`(22)
`
`(25)
`
`(26)
`
`(30)
`
`(71)
`
`(72)
`(75)
`
`
`
`W02007/112337A2|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337 A2
`
`|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
`
`PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM,
`GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, 1V1'R, NE, SN, TD, TG).
`Declarations under Rule 4.17:
`— as to the identity of the inventor (Rule 4.17(i))
`— as to applicant’s entitlement to apply for and be granted a
`patent (Rule 4.1 7(ii))
`7 as to the applicant’s entitlement to claim the priority of the
`earlier application (Rule 4. I7(iii))
`
`Published:
`— without international search report and to be republished
`”P071 receipt of that ”3170”
`
`For twoiletter codes and other abbreviations, refer to the ”Guidr
`ance Notes on Codes and Abbreviations " appearing at the begin—
`ning ofeaeh regular issue ofthe PCT Gazette,
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`Inkjet Ink Solvent System
`
`BACKGROUND
`
`[0001]
`
`Inkjet printing has become a popular way of recording images
`
`on various media surfaces, particularly paper, for a number of reasons,
`
`including, low printer noise, capability of high-speed recording, and multi-color
`
`recording. Additionally, these advantages of inkjet printing can be obtained at a
`
`relatively low price to consumers. Though there has been great improvement in
`
`inkjet printing, improvements are followed by increased demands from
`
`consumers for higher speeds, higher resolution, full color image formation,
`
`increased stability, and the like.
`
`[0002] With respect to inkjet ink chemistry, the majority of commercial
`
`inkjet inks are water—based. Thus, their constituents are generally water—soluble
`
`(as in the case with many dyes) or water dispersible (as in the case with many
`
`pigments). Because of their water—based nature, inkjet ink systems, in general,
`
`tend to exhibit poorer image fade and durability when exposed to water or high
`
`humidity compared to other photographic or printing methods.
`
`[0003]
`
`There have been great improvements in the area of water
`
`durability of inkjet inks through incorporation of certain inkjet compatible polymer
`
`colloids. However, many inkjet inks still deliver less than desirable optical
`
`density, durability, and/or wet smudge in response to highlighters. Particularly,
`
`alkaline highlighters are particularly damaging to traditional printed images
`
`because the alkaline highlighter ink may dissolve the inkjet inks containing
`
`base-solubilized binders.
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/U52007/064901
`
`SUMMARY
`
`[0004]
`
`In one aspect of the present system and method, a smear
`
`resistant inkjet ink formulation includes ink includes between 0.1 and 6%
`
`colorant, between 1 and 40% solvent, between 0.3 and 10% latex binder having
`
`a particle size between 100 and 300 nm and a glass transition temperature
`
`between —20 and +100 degrees Celsius, water, and between 0.1 and 4%
`
`hydrophobic styrene—acrylic or acrylic resin having an acid number between 50
`
`and 250 and a molecular weight between 1,000 and 60,000 or a polyurethane
`
`resin having an acid number between 40 and 200 and a molecular weight
`
`between 3,000 and 400,000.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`[0005]
`
`The accompanying drawing illustrates various embodiments of
`
`the present system and method and is a part of the specification. The illustrated
`
`embodiment is merely an example of the present system and method and does
`
`not limit the scope thereof.
`
`[0006]
`
`Fig. 1 is a simple block diagram illustrating an inkjet material
`
`dispensing system, according to one exemplary embodiment.
`
`[0007]
`
`Throughout the drawing, identical reference numbers
`
`designate similar, but not necessarily identical, elements.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`
`[0008]
`
`Before particular embodiments of the present system and
`
`method are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that the present
`
`system and method are not limited to the particular process and materials
`
`disclosed herein as such may vary to some degree.
`
`It is also to be understood
`
`that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing particular
`
`embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting, as the scope of the present
`
`2
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`system and method will be defined only by the appended claims and
`
`equivalents thereof.
`
`[0009]
`
`In the present specification, and in the appended claims, the
`
`following terminology will be used:
`
`[0010]
`
`The term "decap" is a measure of how long a nozzle may
`
`remain inactive before plugging. Similarly, the term “decap spits” shall be
`
`defined as a number of inkjet architecture firings that are required to re-establish
`
`proper drop ejection after plugging due to inactivity.
`
`[0011]
`
`The term “2Pass HL" is meant to be understood as the amount
`
`of ink transfer [in optical density (OD) units] that occurs when a 1/8” wide printed
`
`line is rubbed twice with a Sanford Major Accent Fluorescent Yellow highlighter.
`H H
`
`[0012]
`
`The singular forms “a,
`
`an,” and “the” include plural referents
`
`unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a
`
`pigment” includes reference to one or more of such materials.
`
`[0013]
`
`The terms “about" and “approximately,” when referring to a
`
`numerical value or range is intended to encompass the values resulting from
`
`experimental error that can occur when taking measurements.
`
`[0014]
`
`As used herein, “liquid vehicle” is defined to include liquid
`
`compositions that can be used to carry colorants, including pigments, to a
`
`substrate. Liquid vehicles are well known in the art, and a wide variety of liquid
`
`vehicle components may be used in accordance with embodiments of the
`
`present system and method. Such liquid vehicles may include a mixture of a
`
`variety of different agents, including without limitation, surfactants, co—solvents,
`
`buffers, biocides, viscosity modifiers, sequestering agents, stabilizing agents,
`
`and water. Though not liquid per se, the liquid vehicle can also carry other
`
`solids, such as polymers, UV curable materials, plasticizers, salts, etc.
`
`[0015]
`
`As used herein "colorant" can include dyes, pigments,
`
`dye/pigment blends, and/or other particulates that may be suspended or
`
`dissolved in an ink vehicle. Dyes are typically water soluble, and therefore, can
`
`be desirable for use in many embodiments. However, pigments can also be
`
`used in other embodiments. Pigments that can be used include self—dispersed
`
`pigments and non self—dispersed dispersed pigments. Self-dispersed pigments
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`include those that have been chemically surface modified with a charge or a
`
`polymeric grouping. This chemical modification aids the pigment in becoming
`
`and/or substantially remaining dispersed in a liquid vehicle. The pigment can
`
`also be a non self-dispersed pigment that utilizes a separate and unattached
`
`dispersing agent (which can be a polymer, an oligomer, or a surfactant, for
`
`example) in the liquid vehicle or physically coated on the surface of the pigment.
`
`[0016]
`
`The term "latex" or "latex dispersion" includes both latex
`
`particulates as well as the aqueous medium in which the latex particulates are
`
`dispersed. More specifically, a latex is a liquid suspension comprising a liquid
`
`(such as water and/or other liquids) and polymeric particulates from 20 nm to
`
`500 nm (preferably from 100 nm to 300 nm) in size. Typically, the polymeric
`
`particulate can be present in the liquid at from 0.3 wt % to 10 wt %. Such
`
`polymeric particulates can comprise a plurality of monomers that are typically
`
`randomly polymerized, and can also be crosslinked. Additionally, in one
`
`embodiment, the latex component can have a glass transition temperature from
`
`about —20 °C. to +100 °C.
`
`[0017]
`
`Concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be
`
`presented herein in a range format.
`
`It is to be understood that such range
`
`format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted
`
`flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of
`
`the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges
`
`encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub—range is
`
`explicitly recited. For example, a weight range of approximately 1 wt% to
`
`approximately 20 wt% should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly
`
`recited concentration limits of 1 wt% to approximately 20 wt%, but also to
`
`include individual concentrations such as 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, and sub-ranges
`
`such as 5 wt% to 10 wt%, 10 wt% to 20 wt%, etc.
`
`[001 8]
`
`In the following description, for purposes of explanation,
`
`numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough
`
`understanding of the present system and method for producing and using a
`
`solvent system for durable latex and binder mixtures.
`
`It will be apparent,
`
`however, to one skilled in the art, that the present method may be practiced
`
`4
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`without these specific details. Reference in the specification to "one
`
`embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or
`
`characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at
`
`least one embodiment. The appearance of the phrase “in one embodiment” in
`
`various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same
`
`embodiment.
`
`Exemplary Structure
`
`[0019]
`
`FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system (100) that may be used
`
`to apply an inkjet ink (160) to an ink receiving medium (170) according to one
`
`exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the present system includes a
`
`computing device (110) controllably coupled through a servo mechanism (120)
`
`to a moveable carriage (140) having an inkjet dispenser (150) disposed thereon.
`
`A material reservoir (130) is also coupled to the moveable carriage (140), and
`
`consequently to the inkjet print head (150). A number of rollers (180) are
`
`located adjacent to the inkjet dispenser (150) configured to selectively position
`
`an ink receiving medium (170). While the present exemplary system (100) is
`
`described in the context of applying an inkjet ink (160) onto an ink receiving
`
`medium (170), the present system and method may be used to mark any
`
`number of items with the present inkjet ink. The above—mentioned components
`
`of the present exemplary system (100) will now be described in further detail
`
`below.
`
`[0020]
`
`The computing device (110) that is controllably coupled to the
`
`servo mechanism (120), as shown in FIG. 1, controls the selective deposition of
`
`an inkjet ink (160) on an ink receiving medium (170). A representation of a
`
`desired image or text may be formed using a program hosted by the computing
`
`device (110). That representation may then be converted into servo instructions
`
`that are housed in a processor readable medium (not shown). When accessed
`
`by the computing device (110), the instructions housed in the processor
`
`readable medium may be used to control the servo mechanisms (120) as well
`
`as the movable carriage (140) and inkjet dispenser (150). The computing
`
`device (110) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be, but is in no way limited to, a
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`workstation, a personal computer, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA),
`
`or any other processor containing device.
`
`[0021]
`
`The moveable carriage (140) of the present printing system
`
`(100) illustrated in FIG. 1 is a moveable material dispenser that may include any
`
`number of inkjet material dispensers (150) configured to dispense the present
`
`inkjet ink (160). The moveable carriage (140) may be controlled by a computing
`
`device (110) and may be controllably moved by, for example, a shaft system, a
`
`belt system, a chain system, etc. making up the servo mechanism (120). As the
`
`moveable carriage (140) operates, the computing device (110) may inform a
`
`user of operating conditions as well as provide the user with a user interface.
`
`[0022]
`
`As an image or text is printed on an ink receiving medium
`
`(170), the computing device (110) may controllably position the moveable
`
`carriage (140) and direct one or more of the inkjet dispensers (150) to
`
`selectively dispense an inkjet ink at predetermined locations on ink receiving
`
`medium (170) as digitally addressed drops, thereby forming the desired image
`
`or text. The inkjet material dispensers (150) used by the present printing
`
`system (100) may be any type of inkjet dispenser configured to perform the
`
`present method including, but in no way limited to, thermally actuated inkjet
`
`dispensers, mechanically actuated inkjet dispensers, electrostatically actuated
`
`inkjet dispensers, magnetically actuated dispensers, piezoelectrically actuated
`
`dispensers, continuous inkjet dispensers, etc.
`
`[0023]
`
`The material reservoir (130) that is fluidly coupled to the inkjet
`
`material dispenser (150) houses the present inkjet ink (160) prior to printing.
`
`The material reservoir may be any one or more container(s) configured to
`
`hermetically seal the inkjet ink (160) prior to printing and may be constructed of
`
`any number of materials including, but in no way limited to metals, plastics,
`
`composites, or ceramics. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the material reservoir(s) (130)
`
`may be separate from, yet fluidly coupled to the inkjet material dispenser (150).
`
`Alternatively, the material reservoir(s) (130) may be directly coupled to and form
`
`a part of the inkjet material dispenser (150).
`
`[0024]
`
`FIG. 1 also illustrates the components of the present system
`
`that facilitate reception of the inkjet ink (160) onto the ink receiving medium
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`(170). As shown in FIG. 1, a number of positioning rollers (180) may transport
`
`and/or positionally secure an ink receiving medium (170) during a printing
`
`operation. Alternatively, any number of belts, rollers, substrates, or other
`
`transport devices may be used to transport and/or positionally secure the ink
`
`receiving medium (170) during a printing operation, as is well known in the art.
`
`Additionally, any number of heated pick-up rollers (not shown), hot air fans (not
`
`shown), or radiation devices (not shown) may be used to apply thermal energy
`
`to fix an image on an ink receiving medium.
`
`[0025]
`
`Inkjet inks have traditionally been formulated with any number
`
`of organic polymers to provide improvements to highlight smear. These
`
`polymers were typically water soluble or colloidal styrene-acrylics, acrylics,
`
`polyurethanes, and polyesters. However, the hydrophobic nature of the binders
`
`traditionally used for good highlighter smear has made the reliability and stability
`
`of these inkjet inks problematic.
`
`[0026]
`
`Consequently, the present exemplary anionic ink system
`
`provides near laser durability for highlighter smear and wet smudge on office
`
`paper, while maintaining high stability in solution. The formation and
`
`composition of the present anionic inkjet ink (160) will now be described in detail
`
`below.
`
`Exemplary Composition
`
`[0027]
`
`In accordance with the present system and method, a system
`
`for printing images on a substrate can include an inkjet ink (160) and a
`
`printhead or other material dispenser (150) loaded with the inkjet ink. According
`
`to one exemplary embodiment, the present inkjet ink can include an anionic ink
`
`system and a cationic fixer fluid. More specifically, according to one exemplary
`
`embodiment, the present exemplary inkjet ink includes an anionic ink including a
`
`colorant, such as a dye or a pigment; a solvent system containing 2-
`
`pyrrolidinone and 1,2-hexanediol; water; and any number of binders including,
`
`but in no way limited to a combination of hydrophobic styrene-acrylic or acrylic
`
`resin and/or a polyurethane resin and a latex binder. According to one
`
`exemplary embodiment, described below, the styrene-acrylic resin has an acid
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`number between approximately 50 and 250 and a molecular weight between
`
`approximately 1000 and 60,000. When a polyurethane resin is incorporated, it
`
`may have an acid number between 40 and 200, and a molecular weight
`
`between 3000 and 400,000. Further, the latex binder component of the
`
`exemplary binder combination has a particle size of between approximately 100
`
`and 300 nm and a glass transition temperature of —20 to +100 degrees C.
`
`Additionally, according to one exemplary embodiment, the present inkjet ink
`
`system may include a cationic fixer fluid configured to fix the ink on a desired
`
`substrate. According to one exemplary embodiment, the cationic fixer includes,
`
`but is in no way limited to, a crashing agent such as an acid, metal salt or a
`
`cationic polymer.
`
`In addition to the above-mentioned components, the present
`
`exemplary inkjet ink composition may include any number of surfactants,
`
`buffering agents, biocides, sequestering agents, viscosity modifiers,
`
`humectants, stabilizing agents, and/or other known additives. Further details of
`
`each of the above-mentioned inkjet ink components will be provided below.
`
`Hydrophobic Styrene-Acrylic
`
`[0028]
`
`As mentioned above, the present exemplary inkjet ink system
`
`includes a hydrophobic styrene-acrylic or acrylic binder with an acid number
`
`between 50 and 250 and a molecular weight between approximately 1000 and
`
`60,000. According to one exemplary embodiment, the styrene-acrylic or acrylic
`
`binder may include, but is in no way limited to styrene-acrylic or acrylic binders
`
`sold under the name Acronal by BASF having an acid number below
`
`approximately 220, Johnson Polymer's Joncryl 678 acrylic resin which has an
`
`acid number of 215, and/or acrylic binder emulsions such as Johnson Polymer's
`
`DFC 3030 or Johnson Polymer's Joncryl 624 acrylic emulsions which have acid
`
`numbers of 64 and 50, respectively. Additionally, styrene-acrylic resins such as
`
`Joncryl 586, as well as other Joncryls or SMA resins could be used.
`
`Polyurethane (PU) Resin
`
`[0029] When polyurethane resin is used in combination with the latex
`
`binder, the polyurethane resin may have an acid number between 40 and 200,
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`and a molecular weight between 3000 and 400,000. Specifically, according to
`
`one exemplary embodiment, the polyurethane resin may include, but is in no
`
`way limited to, commercially available polyurethane resins such as Avecia PU
`
`resin; Alberdingk-Boley PU resin’s U520, U712, U910, and U40; BASF PU resin
`
`Luviset P.U.R; and Crompton PU resins Witcobond W-232 and W—236.
`
`Latex Binder
`
`[0030]
`
`In addition to the above-mentioned styrene-acrylic or acrylic
`
`binder, the present exemplary inkjet ink system includes latex binder with a
`
`particle size ranging from approximately 100 to 300 nanometers and a glass
`
`transition temperature ranging from approximately -20 to +100 degrees C.
`
`[0031]
`
`According to one exemplary embodiment, the latex binder
`
`component of the present exemplary inkjet ink includes a number of polymer
`
`particulates in the form of a latex dispersion. The inclusion of the latex may
`
`increase durability of a subsequently formed image.
`
`[0032]
`
`According to one exemplary embodiment, the latex particulates
`
`included in the present inkjet ink may include latex particulates having surface
`
`acid groups. Specifically, latex particulates having surface acid groups tend to
`
`be more stable over longer periods oftime, and tend to resist aggregation.
`
`Thus, in one exemplary embodiment, neutralized surface acid groups can be
`
`present on the latex particulates. These acid groups can be present throughout
`
`the latex particulates, including on the surfaces, or can be more concentrated at
`
`the surfaces.
`
`In a more detailed aspect, the latex particulates can be prepared
`
`using acid monomers copolymerized with other monomers to form the latex
`
`polymer. The acid functionalities are neutralized to provide a surface charge on
`
`the latex particles.
`
`In this exemplary embodiment, the acid monomers can be
`
`present at from approximately 0.5 wt% to 10 wt% of total monomers used to
`
`form the latex polymers. Typical acids that have been used to acidify the
`
`surface of latex particulates include carboxyl acids, though stronger acids can
`
`also be used. Carboxylic acids are weak acids that have been fairly effective for
`
`use in latex/inkjet ink systems. For example, methacrylic acid-functionalized
`
`latex particulates can be formed using approximately 6 wt% methacrylic acid.
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`[0033]
`
`In another exemplary embodiment, the latex particulates can
`
`be provided by multiple monomers copolymerized to form the latex particulates,
`
`wherein the multiple monomers include at least one crosslinking monomer
`
`present at from approximately 0.1 wt% to 3 wt% of total monomers used to form
`
`the latex particulates. Such a crosslinking monomer does not provide the acid
`
`groups but can provide other properties to the latex that can be desirable for
`
`inkjet applications.
`
`[0034]
`
`A specific example of latex particulates that can be used
`
`include those prepared using an emulsion monomer mix of various weight ratios
`
`of styrene, hexyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and methacrylic
`
`acid, which are copolymerized to form the latex. Typically, the styrene and the
`
`hexyl methacrylate monomers can provide the bulk of the latex particulate, and
`
`the ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and methyl methacrylate can be
`
`copolymerized therewith in smaller amounts. According to this exemplary
`
`embodiment, the acid group is provided by the methacrylic acid. While the
`
`present latex particulate example is provided, other combinations of monomers
`
`can similarly be used to form latex particulates. Exemplary monomers that can
`
`be used to form latex particulates according to the present exemplary system
`
`and methods include, but are in no way limited to, styrenes, C1 to 08 alkyl
`
`methacrylates, C1 to 08 alkyl acrylates, ethylene glycol methacrylates and
`
`dimethacrylates, methacrylic acids, acrylic acids, and the like.
`
`[0035]
`
`Other aspects of the latexes of the present exemplary system
`
`and method can include properties such as desirable glass transition
`
`temperature and particulate density. For example, in one exemplary
`
`embodiment, the polymer glass transition temperature of the latex particulates
`
`used in the present exemplary system and method can be in the range of
`
`approximately -20°C to +100°C for inks printed at room temperature. The glass
`
`transition temperature of the latex may contribute to a desired ink performance
`
`relative to thermal shear stability, decel, decap, particle settling, and co-solvent
`
`resistance.
`
`10
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`Colorant
`
`[0036]
`
`According to one exemplary embodiment, the present
`
`exemplary inkjet ink system includes between approximately 0.1 to 6% colorant
`
`by volume. Specifically, the present exemplary inkjet ink system may include a
`
`number of anionic dyes and/or pigments or dye/pigment blends.
`
`[0037]
`
`Examples of suitable anionic dyes include a large number of
`
`water-soluble acid and direct dyes. Specific examples of anionic dyes include
`
`Direct Yellow 86, Acid Red 249, Direct Blue 199, Direct Black 168, Direct
`
`Yellow 132, Reactive Black 31, Direct Yellow 157, Reactive Yellow 37, Acid
`
`Yellow 23, Reactive Red 180, Acid Red 52, Acid Blue 9, Direct Blue 86,
`
`Reactive Red 4, Reactive Red 56, Acid Red 92, Reactive Red 31 the Pro—Jet
`
`series of dyes available from Avecia Ltd., including Pro-Jet Yellow l, Pro-Jet
`
`Magenta l, Pro-Jet Cyan l, Pro-Jet Black |, and Pro-Jet Yellow 1-G; Aminyl
`
`Brilliant Red F-B (Sumitomo Chemical Co.); the Duasyn line of "salt-free" dyes
`
`available from Hoechst, such as Duasyn Direct Black HEF-SF, Duasyn Black
`
`RL—SF, Duasyn Direct Yellow GG-SF VP216 (, Duasyn Brilliant Yellow GL-SF
`
`VP220, Duasyn Acid Yellow XX-SF VP413, Duasyn Brilliant Red FBB—SF
`
`VP218, Duasyn Rhodamine B-SF VP353, Duasyn Direct Turquoise Blue FRL-
`
`SF VP368, and Duasyn Acid Blue AE-SF VP344; mixtures thereof; and the like.
`
`Further examples include Tricon Acid Red 52, Tricon Direct Red 227, and
`
`Tricon Acid Yellow 17 (Tricon Colors Incorporated), Bernacid Red 2BMN,
`
`Pontamine Brilliant Bond Blue A, BASF X-34, Pontamine, Food Black 2,
`
`Catodirect Turquoise FBL Supra Conc. , Carolina Color and Chemical), Special
`
`Fast Turquoise 8GL Liquid, Mobay Chemical), lntrabond Liquid Turquoise GLL ,
`
`Crompton and Knowles), Cibracron Brilliant Red 38-A, Aldrich Chemical),
`
`Drimarene Brilliant Red X-ZB, Pylam, |nc.), Levafix Brilliant Red E—4B (Mobay
`
`Chemical), Levafix Brilliant Red E—6BA (Mobay Chemical), Pylam Certified D&C
`
`Red #28, Pylam), Direct Brill Pink B Ground Crude (Crompton & Knowles),
`
`Cartasol Yellow GTF Presscake (Sandoz, lnc.), Tartrazine Extra Conc. (FD&C
`
`Yellow #5, Acid Yellow 23, Sandoz, lnc.), Catodirect Yellow RL (Direct Yellow
`
`86, Carolina Color and Chemical), Cartasol Yellow GTF Liquid Special 110
`
`(Sandoz, lnc.), D&C Yellow #10 (Yellow 3, Tricon), Yellow Shade 16948
`
`11
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`(Tricon), Basacid Black X34 (BASF), Carta Black 2GT (Sandoz, lnc.), Neozapon
`
`Red 492 (BASF), Orasol Red G (Ciba—Geigy), Direct Brilliant Pink B (Crompton—
`
`Knolls), Aizen Spilon Red C—BH (Hodagaya Chemical Company), Kayanol Red
`
`3BL (Nippon Kayaku Company), Levanol Brilliant Red 3BW (Mobay Chemical
`
`Company), Levaderm Lemon Yellow (Mobay Chemical Company), Aizen Spilon
`
`Yellow C-GNH (Hodagaya Chemical Company), Spirit Fast Yellow 3G, Sirius
`
`Supra Yellow GD 167, Cartasol Brilliant Yellow 4GF (Sandoz), Pergasol Yellow
`
`CGP (Ciba-Geigy), Orasol Black RL (Ciba-Geigy), Orasol Black RLP (Ciba-
`
`Geigy), Savinyl Black RLS (Sandoz), Dermacarbon 2GT (Sandoz), Pyrazol
`
`Black BG (ICI Americas), Morfast Black Conc A (Morton-Thiokol), Diazol Black
`
`RN Quad (ICI Americas), Orasol Blue GN (Ciba—Geigy), Savinyl Blue GLS
`
`(Sandoz, |nc.), Luxol Blue MBSN (Morton—Thiokol), Sevron Blue 5GMF (lCl
`
`Americas), and Basacid Blue 750 (BASF); Levafix Brilliant Yellow E-GA, Levafix
`
`Yellow E2RA, Levafix Black EB, Levafix Black E-2G, Levafix Black P—36A,
`
`Levafix Black PN-L, Levafix Brilliant Red EBBA, and Levafix Brilliant Blue EFFA,
`
`all available from Bayer; Procion Turquoise PA, Procion Turquoise HA, Procion
`
`Turquoise H05G, Procion Turquoise H—7G, Procion Red MX-5B, Procion Red
`
`H8B, Procion Red MX 88 GNS, Procion Red G, Procion Yellow MX-8G, Procion
`
`Black H-EXL, Procion Black P—N, Procion Blue MX-R, Procion Blue MX-4GD,
`
`Procion Blue MX—G, and Procion Blue MX-2GN, all available from lCl Americas;
`
`Cibacron Red F-B, Cibacron Black BG, Lanasol Black B, Lanasol Red 5B,
`
`Lanasol Red B, and Lanasol Yellow 46, all available from Ciba—Geigy; Baslien
`
`Black P—BR, Baslien Yellow EG, Baslien Brilliant Yellow P-3GN, Baslien Yellow
`
`M—GGD, Baslien Brilliant Red P—BB, Baslien Scarlet E—2G, Baslien Red E-B,
`
`Baslien Red E-7B, Baslien Red M—5B, Baslien Blue E-R, Baslien Brilliant Blue
`
`P—3R, Baslien Black P-BR, Baslien Turquoise Blue P-GR, Baslien Turquoise M—
`
`2G, Baslien Turquoise E-G, and Baslien Green E-BB, all available from BASF;
`
`Sumifix Turquoise Blue G, Sumifix Turquoise Blue H—GF, Sumifix Black B,
`
`Sumifix Black H—BG, Sumifix Yellow ZGC, Sumifix Supra Scarlet 2GF, and
`
`Sumifix Brilliant Red 5BF, all available from Sumitomo Chemical Company;
`
`Intracron Yellow C-8G, Intracron Red C-8B, Intracron Turquoise Blue GE,
`
`Intracron Turquoise HA, and Intracron Black RL, all available from Crompton
`
`12
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`and Knowles, Dyes and Chemicals Division; Pro—Jet 485; Magenta 377;
`
`mixtures thereof; and the like. This list is intended to be merely exemplary, and
`
`should not be considered limiting .
`
`[0038]
`
`Similarly, suitable pigments can be black pigments, white
`
`pigments, cyan pigments, magenta pigments, yellow pigments, or the like.
`
`Further, pigments can be organic or inorganic particles as is well known in the
`
`art. Suitable inorganic pigments include, for example, carbon black. However,
`
`other inorganic pigments may be suitable such as titanium oxide, cobalt blue
`
`(COO-AI203), chrome yellow (PbCrO4), and iron oxide. Suitable organic
`
`pigments include, for example, azo pigments including diazo pigments and
`
`monoazo pigments, polycyclic pigments (e.g., phthalocyanine pigments such as
`
`phthalocyanine blues and phthalocyanine greens, perylene pigments, perynone
`
`pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, dioxazine pigments,
`
`thioindigo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, and
`
`quinophthalone pigments), insoluble dye chelates (e.g., basic dye type chelates
`
`and acidic dye type chelate), nitropigments, nitroso pigments, and the like.
`
`Representative examples of phthalocyanine blues include copper
`
`phthalocyanine blue and derivatives thereof (Pigment Blue 15). Representative
`
`examples of quinacridones include Pigment Orange 48, Pigment Orange 49,
`
`Pigment Red 122, Pigment Red 192, Pigment Red 202, Pigment Red 206,
`
`Pigment Red 207, Pigment Red 209, Pigment Violet 19 and Pigment Violet 42.
`
`Representative examples of anthraquinones include Pigment Red 43, Pigment
`
`Red 194 (Perinone Red), Pigment Red 216 (Brominated Pyranthrone Red) and
`
`Pigment Red 226 (Pyranthrone Red). Representative examples of perylenes
`
`include Pigment Red 123 (Vermillion), Pigment Red 149 (Scarlet), Pigment Red
`
`179 (Maroon), Pigment Red 190 (Red), Pigment Violet 19, Pigment Red 189
`
`(Yellow Shade Red) and Pigment Red 224. Representative examples of
`
`thioindigoids include Pigment Red 86, Pigment Red 87, Pigment Red 88,
`
`Pigment Red 181, Pigment Red 198, Pigment Violet 36, and Pigment Violet 38.
`
`Representative examples of heterocyclic yellows include Pigment Yellow 1,
`
`Pigment Yellow 3, Pigment Yellow 12, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Yellow 14,
`
`Pigment Yellow 17, Pigment Yellow 65, Pigment Yellow 73, Pigment Yellow 74,
`
`13
`
`

`

`WO 2007/112337
`
`PCT/US2007/064901
`
`Pigment Yellow 151, Pigment Yellow 117, Pigment Yellow 128 and Pigment
`
`Yellow 138, Pigment Yellow 155, Pig