CERTIFICATION OF TRANSLATION
`
`I, Sung-hwan Choi, an employee of Y.P. LEE, MOCK & PARTNERS of 12F Daelim
`
`Acrotel, 13 Eonju—ro 30—gil (Dogok—dong), Gangnam—gu, Seoul, 06292 KOREA, hereby
`
`declare under penalty of perjury that I understand the Korean language and the English
`
`language; that I am fully capable of translating from Korean to English and Vice versa;
`
`and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the statement in the English language in
`
`the attached translation of Korean Patent AQQlication N0. 10-2017-0088914 consisting of
`
`37 pages have the same meaning as the statement in the Korean language in the original
`
`document, a copy of which I have examined.
`
`Signed this 24th day of May 2019
`
`
`
`

`

`DISPLAY APPARATUS
`
`[Technical Field]
`
`One or more embodiments relate to a display apparatus, and more particularly,
`
`to a display apparatus having improved display quality by reducing defects due to static
`
`electricity.
`
`[Prior Art]
`
`Among display apparatuses, organic light-emitting display apparatuses have
`
`been spotlighted as next-generation display apparatuses because of their wide viewing
`
`angles, high contrasts, and fast response times.
`
`In general, an organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a thin-film
`
`transistor (TFT) and organic light-emitting devices formed on a substrate, and the
`
`organic light-emitting devices emit light by themselves. Such an organic light-emitting
`
`display apparatus is applied to a small product such as a mobile phone or a large
`
`product such as a television.
`
`Such an organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a display unit including
`
`an organic light-emitting device. The display unit
`
`includes the organic light-emitting
`
`device and displays an image when the organic light-emitting device emits light by itself.
`
`The display unit is required to have various shapes according to the application purpose
`
`of the organic light-emitting display apparatus, in addition to a conventional rectangular
`
`shape.
`
`A display apparatus including a display unit having any of various shapes has
`
`problems in that a portion of the display unit is vulnerable to static electricity due to a
`
`structural difference between flat edge and non-flat edge and a pixel may be damaged,
`
`thereby failing to display an image having high quality.
`
`[Disclosure of the Invention]
`
`[Technical Goal of the Invention]
`
`One or more embodiments include a display apparatus having improved display
`
`1
`
`

`

`quality by reducing defects due to static electricity. However,
`
`the techincal goal
`
`is
`
`merely an example and does not limit the scope of the inventive concept.
`
`[Means for Achieving Technical Goal]
`
`According to one or more embodiments, a display apparatus includes: a
`
`substrate including a display area and a peripheral area located outside the display area,
`
`the display area including a main area located at a center of the substrate and first and
`
`second protruding areas extending from the main area and protruding toward the
`
`peripheral area in a first direction to be spaced apart by a predetermined interval from
`
`each other in a second direction that intersects the first direction, wherein a groove
`
`portion is formed between the first protruding area and the second protruding area; a
`
`display unit
`
`including a first
`
`light emitter located on the first protruding area and a
`
`second light emitter located on the second protruding area; a first load matching unit
`
`located on a portion of
`
`the peripheral area adjacent
`
`to the first
`
`light emitter and
`
`electrically connected to the first light emitter; and a second load matching unit located
`
`on a portion of the peripheral area adjacent to the second light emitter and electrically
`
`connected to the second light emitter.
`
`Each of the first load matching unit and the second load matching unit may
`
`include a first conductive layer located on the substrate, a second conductive layer
`
`located on the first conductive layer, and a third conductive layer located on the second
`
`conductive layer, wherein the third conductive layer is patterned in the first direction or
`
`the second direction.
`
`The third conductive layer may be patterned so that at least a part of the third
`
`conductive layer overlaps the second conductive layer.
`
`The first conductive layer may extend in the first direction and the second
`
`conductive layer extends in the second direction.
`
`The first conductive layer and the third conductive layer may be electrically
`
`connected to each other through a contact hole.
`
`The display apparatus of may further include a thin-film transistor located on the
`
`display area, and including an active pattern, a gate electrode located on the active
`
`2
`
`

`

`pattern and having at least a part overlapping the active pattern, and a source electrode
`
`or a drain electrode located on the gate electrode and electrically connected to the
`
`active pattern, wherein the first conductive layer includes a material that is the same as
`
`a material of the active pattern, the second conductive layer includes a material that is
`
`the same as a material of the gate electrode, and the third conductive layer includes a
`
`material that is the same as a material of the source electrode or the drain electrode.
`
`The first
`
`light emitter and the first
`
`load matching unit may be electrically
`
`connected to each other by a first wiring, and the second light emitter and the second
`
`load matching unit may be electrically connected to each other by a second wiring,
`
`wherein the first wiring and the second wiring include a material that is the same as a
`
`material of the second conductive layer.
`
`The first
`
`load matching unit and the second load matching unit may be
`
`electrically connected to each other.
`
`The first
`
`load matching unit and the second load matching unit may be
`
`electrically connected to each other by a conductive film including a material that is the
`
`same as a material of the third conductive layer.
`
`The display apparatus may further include a third light emitter located on the main area,
`
`wherein the first light emitter, the second light emitter, and the third light emitter are
`
`integrated with one another.
`
`According to one or more embodiments, a display apparatus includes: a
`
`substrate including a display area and a peripheral area located outside the display area,
`
`the display area including a main area located at a center of the substrate and a first
`
`protruding area and a second protruding area extending from the main area and
`
`protruding toward the peripheral area in a first direction, wherein a groove portion is
`
`formed between the first protruding area and the second protruding area; a display unit
`
`including a first light emitter located on a portion of the first protruding area, a second
`
`light emitter located on a portion of the second protruding area, a third light emitter
`
`located on another portion of the first protruding area, and a fourth light emitter located
`
`on another portion of the second protruding area; a first load matching unit located on a
`
`portion of the peripheral area adjacent to the first light emitter and electrically connected
`
`3
`
`

`

`to the first light emitter; a second load unit located on a portion of the peripheral area
`
`adjacent
`
`to the second light emitter and electrically connected to the second light
`
`emitter; and a third load matching unit
`
`located on a portion of the peripheral area
`
`between the third light emitter and the fourth light emitter and electrically connected to
`
`the third light emitter and the fourth light emitter.
`
`Each of the first load matching unit, the second load matching unit, and the third
`
`load matching unit may include a first conductive layer located on the substrate, a
`
`second conductive layer located on the first conductive layer, and a third conductive
`
`layer located on the second conductive layer, and the third conductive layer is patterned
`
`in the first direction or a second direction that intersects the first direction.
`
`The third conductive layer may be patterned so that at least a part of the third
`
`conductive layer overlaps the second conductive layer.
`
`The first conductive layer may extend in the first direction and the second
`
`conductive layer extends in the second direction.
`
`The first conductive layer and the third conductive layer may be electrically
`
`connected to each other through a contact hole.
`
`The display apparatus of may further include a thin-film transistor located on the
`
`display area, and including an active pattern, a gate electrode located on the active
`
`pattern and having at least a part overlapping the active pattern, and a source electrode
`
`or a drain electrode located on the gate electrode and electrically connected to the
`
`active pattern, wherein the first conductive layer includes a material that is the same as
`
`a material of the active pattern, the second conductive layer includes a material that is
`
`the same as a material of the gate electrode, and the third conductive layer includes a
`
`material that is the same as a material of the source electrode or the drain electrode.
`
`The first
`
`light emitter and the first
`
`load matching unit may be electrically
`
`connected to each other by a first wiring, the second light emitter and the second load
`
`matching unit are electrically connected to each other by a second wiring, and the third
`
`light emitter and the fourth light emitter and the third load matching unit are electrically
`
`connected to each other by a third wiring, wherein the first wiring, the second wiring,
`
`and the third wiring include a material that is the same as a material of the second
`
`4
`
`

`

`conducflvelayeh
`
`The first load matching unit, the second load matching unit, and the third load
`
`matching unit may be electrically connected to one another.
`
`The first load matching unit, the second load matching unit, and the third load
`
`matching unit may be electrically connected by a conductive film including a material
`
`that is the same as a material of the third conductive layer.
`
`The display apparatus may further include a fifth light emitter located on the
`
`main area, wherein the first light emitter through the fifth light emitter are integrated with
`
`one another.
`
`Other aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become
`
`apparent from the following detailed description, claims, and drawings.
`
`[Effect of the Invention]
`
`As described above, according to an embodiment, a display apparatus having
`
`improved display quality may be provided by reducing defects due to static electricity.
`
`The scope of the present disclosure is not limited by such effects.
`
`[Brief Description of the Drawings]
`
`FIG. 1
`
`is a plan view of a display apparatus according to an embodiment;
`
`FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view illustrating a portion A of the display apparatus
`
`of FIG. 1;
`
`FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating a part of the display apparatus of FIG. 1;
`
`FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line A1 -Al of the display apparatus
`
`of FIG. 3;
`
`FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the display apparatus of FIG.
`
`FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a part of a display apparatus according to
`
`another embodiment;
`
`FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line A2—A2 of
`
`the display
`
`apparatus of FIG. 6;
`
`

`

`FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating a part of a display apparatus according to
`
`another embodiment;
`
`FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line A3-A3 of
`
`the display
`
`apparatus of FIG. 8;
`
`FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating a part of a display apparatus according to
`
`another embodiment; and
`
`FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating a part of the display apparatus according to
`
`another embodiment.
`
`[Description of Embodiment]
`
`The present disclosure may include various embodiments and modifications,
`
`and embodiments thereof will be illustrated in the drawings and will be described herein
`
`in detail. The effects and features of the present disclosure and the accompanying
`
`methods
`
`thereof will become apparent
`
`from the following description of
`
`the
`
`embodiments,
`
`taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However,
`
`the
`
`present disclosure is not
`
`limited to the embodiments described below, and may be
`
`embodied in various modes.
`
`Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are
`
`illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
`
`In the drawings,
`
`the same elements are
`
`denoted by the same reference numerals, and a repeated explanation thereof will not
`
`be given.
`
`It will be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used
`
`herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these
`
`terms. These elements are only used to distinguish one element from another. As used
`
`herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as
`
`well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
`
`It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" used
`
`herein specify the presence of stated features or components, but do not preclude the
`
`presence or addition of one or more other features or components. It will be understood
`
`that when a film, region, or element is referred to as being "formed on", another film,
`
`6
`
`

`

`region, or element,
`
`it may be directly or indirectly formed on the other film, region, or
`
`element. That is, for example, intervening films, regions, or elements may be present.
`
`Sizes of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of
`
`explanation. In other words, since sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings
`
`are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of explanation, the following embodiments are
`
`not limited thereto.
`
`In the following examples, the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis are not limited to
`
`three axes of the rectangular coordinate system, and may be interpreted in a broader
`
`sense. For example, the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis may be perpendicular to one
`
`another, or may represent different directions that are not perpendicular to one another.
`
`When a certain embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific process
`
`order may be performed differently from the described order. For example,
`
`two
`
`consecutively described processes may be performed substantially at the same time or
`
`performed in an order opposite to the described order.
`
`FIG.
`
`1
`
`is a plan view of a display apparatus according to an embodiment. FIG. 2
`
`is an enlarged plan view illustrating a portion A of the display apparatus of FIG. 1.
`
`Referring to FIG. 1, the display apparatus according to the present embodiment
`
`includes a substrate 100 including a display area DA and a peripheral area PA located
`
`outside the display area DA. The peripheral area PA may surround the display area DA,
`
`and may be a non-emitting area where a display unit 200 is not located as described
`
`below.
`
`The display area DA may include a main area DA3 located at the center of the
`
`substrate 100, and a first protruding area DA1 and a second protruding area DA2
`
`extending from the main area DA3.
`
`In an embodiment, the main area DA3 may have,
`
`but
`
`is not
`
`limited to, a quadrangular shape. The first protruding area DA1 and the
`
`second protruding area DA2 may protrude from the display area DA toward the
`
`peripheral area PA in a first direction (e.g., a +y direction). That is, the first protruding
`
`area DA1 and the second protruding area DA2 may protrude in the same direction, and
`
`may be areas obtained when parts of one side of the main area DA3 extend. As shown
`
`in FIG. 2, the first protruding area DA1 and the second protruding area DA2 may be
`
`7
`
`

`

`spaced apart from each other in a second direction (e.g., a +x direction) that intersects
`
`the first direction (e.g., the +y direction).
`
`The groove portion 100a may be formed in a part of the substrate 100. The
`
`groove portion 100a may be located between the first protruding area DA1 and the
`
`second protruding area DA2 of the display area DA. Although not shown, the display
`
`apparatus according to the present embodiment may further include a camera module
`
`and/or a speaker module located in the groove portion 100a.
`
`Referring to FIG. 2, the display apparatus according to an embodiment may
`
`include the display unit 200 located on the display area DA, and a first load matching
`
`unit LM1 and a second load matching unit LM2 located on the peripheral area PA of the
`
`substrate 100.
`
`The display unit 200 may be located on the display area DA, and may include a
`
`first light emitter 210 located on the first protruding area DA1 of the display unit DA, a
`
`second light emitter 220 located on the second protruding area DA2 of the display unit
`
`DA, and a third light emitter 230 located on the main area DA3 of the display unit DA. In
`
`this case, the first
`
`light emitter 210, the second light emitter 220, and the third light
`
`emitter 230 are conceptually distinguished according to positions for convenience of
`
`explanation, and are actually integrated,
`
`instead of separate light emitters.
`
`In the
`
`present embodiment, the first light emitter 210 and the second light emitter 220 may be
`
`located at a side of the third light emitter 230 having a quadrangular shape and located
`
`on the main area DA3.
`
`The first load matching unit LM1 and the second load matching unit LM2 may be
`
`located on the peripheral area PA of the substrate 100. The first load matching unit LM1
`
`may be located on a portion of the peripheral area PA adjacent to the first light emitter
`
`210, and the second load matching unit LM2 may be located on a portion of the
`
`peripheral area PA adjacent to the second light emitter 220. That
`
`is,
`
`the first
`
`load
`
`matching unit LM1 may be located on a portion of the peripheral area PA adjacent to
`
`the first light emitter 210 and may be electrically connected to the first light emitter 210
`
`through a first wiring C1. Also, the second load matching unit LM2 may be located on a
`
`portion of the peripheral area PA adjacent to the second light emitter 220 and may be
`
`8
`
`

`

`electrically connected to the second light emitter 220 through the second wiring C2.
`
`In a conventional display apparatus including the display unit 200 having a
`
`simple rectangular shape, the number of pixels per line is the same and a load applied
`
`to each line is
`
`the same. However,
`
`in the display apparatus according to an
`
`embodiment, the third light emitter 230 located on the main area DA3 has a rectangular
`
`shape and thus a load applied to each line is the same, like in the conventional display
`
`apparatus, whereas a light emitter is not located between the first protruding area DA1
`
`and the second protruding area DA2 and thus loads applied to the first light emitter 210
`
`and the second light emitter 220 are not the same.
`
`Accordingly, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment, the first load
`
`matching unit LM1 and the second load matching unit LM2 may be located on portions
`
`of the peripheral area PA adjacent to the first light emitter 210 and the second light
`
`emitter 220 to be electrically connected to first light emitter 210 and the second light
`
`emitter 220 and may match loads applied to lines.
`
`In the present embodiment, the first load matching unit LM1 and the second load
`
`matching unit LM2 may be electrically connected to each other. The first load matching
`
`unit LM1 and the second load matching unit LM2 may be electrically connected to each
`
`other through a conductive film D. For example,
`
`in the present embodiment,
`
`the
`
`conductive film D for connecting the first load matching unit LM1 and the second load
`
`matching unit LM2 may include, but is not limited to, a material that is the same as that
`
`of a third conductive layer 515 as described below. As such, since the first
`
`load
`
`matching unit LM1 and the second load matching unit LM2 are electrically connected,
`
`an equipotential region may be increased when static electricity is introduced, thereby
`
`preventing damage to the display area DA due to the static electricity.
`
`FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating a part of the display apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG. 4
`
`is a cross-sectional view taken along a line A1-A1 of the display apparatus of FIG. 3.
`
`FIGS. 3 and 4 are enlarged views illustrating a structure of the first load matching unit
`
`LM1 of FIG. 2. A structure of the second load matching unit LM2 of FIG. 2 is the same
`
`as the structure of the first load matching unit LM1, and thus a repeated explanation will
`
`not be given.
`
`

`

`Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a first load matching unit 500 may include a first
`
`conductive layer 511, a second conductive layer 513 located on the first conductive
`
`layer 51 1, and a third conductive layer 515 located on the second conductive layer 513.
`
`In the present embodiment,
`
`the third conductive layer 515 may extend by being
`
`patterned in the first direction (e.g., the +y direction) or the second direction (e.g., the +x
`
`direction) that intersects the first direction (e.g., the +y direction). Referring to FIG. 3, the
`
`first conductive layer 511 may extend in the first direction (e.g., the +y direction), and
`
`the second conductive layer 513 may extend in the second direction (e.g.,
`
`the +x
`
`direction) that
`
`intersects the first direction (e.g.,
`
`the +y direction). That
`
`is,
`
`the first
`
`conductive layer 511 and the second conductive layer 513 may be arranged to be
`
`perpendicular to each other in a lattice form,
`
`The third conductive layer 515 may be located on the second conductive layer
`
`513. As shown in FIG. 3, the third conductive layer 515 may extend in the first direction
`
`(e.g., the +y direction), like the first conductive layer 511, to overlap the first conductive
`
`layer 511.
`
`In the present embodiment, the third conductive layer 515 may be patterned
`
`in one direction,
`
`like the first conductive layer 511. Although the third conductive layer
`
`515 is patterned in the first direction (e.g., the +y direction), like the first conductive layer
`
`511, in FIG. 3, the present disclosure is not limited thereto and, in other embodiments,
`
`the third conductive layer 515 may be patterned in the second direction (e.g., the +x
`
`direction), like the second conductive layer 513.
`
`Referring also to FIG. 2, as described above, the first load matching unit LM1
`
`may be located on a portion of the peripheral area PA adjacent to the first light emitter
`
`210 and may be electrically connected to the first
`
`light emitter 210 through the first
`
`wiring C1, and the second load matching unit LM2 may be located on a portion of the
`
`peripheral area PA adjacent to the second light emitter 220 and may be electrically
`
`connected to the second light emitter 220 through the second wiring C2.
`
`In an
`
`embodiment, the first wiring C1 and the second wiring 02 may include, but are not
`
`limited to, a material that is the same as that of the second conductive layer 513.
`
`Also, as described above, the first load matching unit LM1 and the second load
`
`matching unit LM2 may be electrically connected to each other through the conductive
`
`10
`
`

`

`film D.
`
`In an embodiment, the conductive film D may include, but is not limited to, a
`
`material that is the same as that of the third conductive layer 515.
`
`Referring to FIG. 4,
`
`the first conductive layer 511 may be located on the
`
`substrate 100, and the second conductive layer 513 may be located on the first
`
`conductive layer 511. Although the first conductive layer 511 is directly located on the
`
`substrate 100 in FIG. 4, an insulating layer or a buffer layer may be further located
`
`between the substrate 100 and the first conductive layer 511. A first insulating film 120
`
`may be located between the first conductive layer 511 and the second conductive layer
`
`513. The first insulating film 120 may be a gate insulating film as described below. The
`
`third conductive layer 515 may be located on the second conductive layer 513. A
`
`second insulating film 130 may be located between the second conductive layer 513
`
`and the third conductive layer 515. The second insulating film 130 may be an interlayer
`
`insulating film as described below. Although not shown, the first conductive layer 511
`
`and the third conductive layer 515 may be electrically connected to each other through
`
`a contact hole.
`
`When the third conductive layer 515 is not divided through patterning, that is,
`
`when the third conductive layer 515 is formed as a common electrode, the amount of
`
`charge proportionally increases as the area of the third conductive layer 515 increases.
`
`In this case, when static electricity is introduced into the third conductive layer 515 and
`
`then is introduced into the first light emitter 210 of the display unit 200 that is electrically
`
`connected to the third conductive layer 515,
`
`the static electricity may lead to damage
`
`to pixels of the first light emitter 210 and defects of the display area DA.
`
`However, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment, since a charge
`
`area of the third conductive layer 515 is reduced by using a patterning structure of the
`
`third conductive layer 515, the amount of charge may be reduced and a structure strong
`
`against static electricity may be realized.
`
`FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a part of the display apparatus of FIG.
`
`Referring to FIG. 5, the substrate 100 of the display apparatus according to the
`
`present embodiment includes the display area DA and the peripheral area PA located
`
`11
`
`

`

`outside the display area DA. The substrate 100 may include any of various flexible or
`
`bendable material,
`
`for example, a polymer resin such as polyethersulfone (PES),
`
`polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene
`
`terephthalate
`
`(PET),
`
`polyphenylene
`
`sulfide
`
`(PPS),
`
`polyarylate,
`
`polyimide
`
`(Pl),
`
`polycarbonate (PC), or cellulose acetate propionate (CAP).
`
`A display device 300 and a thin-film transistor (TFT) to which the display device
`
`300 is electrically connected may be located on the display area DA of the substrate
`
`100 as shown in FIG. 5.
`
`In FIG. 2, an organic light-emitting device is located as the
`
`display device 300 on the display area DA. When the organic light-emitting device is
`
`electrically connected to the TFT,
`
`it may mean that a pixel electrode 310 is electrically
`
`connected to the TFT.
`
`If necessary, a TFT (not shown) may also be located on the
`
`peripheral area PA outside the display area DA of the substrate 100. The TFT located
`
`on the peripheral area PA may be, for example, a part of a circuit unit for controlling an
`
`electrical signal applied to the display area DA.
`
`The TFT may include an active pattern 211, a gate electrode 213, a source
`
`electrode 215a, and a drain electrode 215b each including amorphous silicon,
`
`polycrystalline silicon, or an organic semiconductor material.
`
`In order
`
`to ensure
`
`insulation between the active pattern 211 and the gate electrode 213, the first insulating
`
`film 120 (hereinafter, referred to the gate insulating film) including an inorganic material
`
`such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or silicon oxynitride may be located between
`
`the active pattern 211 and the gate electrode 213. In addition, the second insulating film
`
`130 (hereinafter, referred to as the interlayer insulating film)
`
`including an inorganic
`
`material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or silicon oxynitride may be located on
`
`the gate electrode 213, and the source electrode 215a and the drain electrode 215b
`
`may be located on the interlayer insulating film 130. Such an insulating film including an
`
`inorganic material may be formed by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic
`
`layer deposition (ALD),
`
`which may apply to the following embodiments and
`
`modifications thereof.
`
`A buffer layer 110 including an inorganic material such as silicon oxide, silicon
`
`nitride, and/or silicon oxynitride may be located between the TFT and the substrate 100.
`
`12
`
`

`

`The buffer layer 110 may improve the flatness of a top surface of the substrate 100 or
`
`may prevent or minimize penetration of impurities into the active pattern 211 of the TFT.
`
`A planarization layer 140 may be located on the TFT. For example, when the
`
`organic light-emitting device is located on the TFT as shown in FIG. 5, the planarization
`
`layer 140 may planarize a protective film that covers the TFT. The planarization layer
`
`140 may be formed of an organic material such as benzocyclobutene (808) or
`
`hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). Although the planarization layer 140 has a single-layer
`
`structure in FIG. 2, various modifications may be made, for example, the planarization
`
`layer 140 may have a multi-layer structure. Also, as shown in FIG. 2, the planarization
`
`layer 140 may have an opening outside the display area DA, such that a portion of the
`
`planarization layer 140 of the display area DA and a portion of the planarization layer
`
`140 of the second area 2A may be physically separated from each other. The structure
`
`to prevent impurities from the outside from penetrating into the display area DA.through
`
`the interior of the planarization layer 140.
`
`The organic light-emitting device including the pixel electrode 310, a counter
`
`electrode 330, and an intermediate layer 320 located between the pixel electrode 310
`
`and the counter electrode 330 and including an emission layer may be located on the
`
`planarization layer 140 within the display area DA of the substrate 100. The pixel
`
`electrode 310 is electrically connected to the TFT by contacting any one of the source
`
`electrode 215a and the drain electrode 215b through an opening formed in the
`
`planarization layer 140 or the like as shown in FIG. 5.
`
`A pixel-defining film 150 may be located on the planarization layer 140. The
`
`pixel-defining film 150 defines a pixel by having an opening corresponding to each of
`
`sub-pixels,
`
`that is, an opening through which at
`
`least a central portion of the pixel
`
`electrode 310 is exposed. Also, in FIG. 5, the pixel-defining film 150 prevents an arc or
`
`the like from occurring at an edge of the pixel electrode 310 by increasing a distance
`
`between the edge of the pixel electrode 310 and the counter electrode 330 located on
`
`the pixel electrode 310. The pixel-defining film 150 may be formed of an organic
`
`material such as polyimide or HMDSO.
`
`The intermediate layer 320 of the organic light-emitting device may include a
`
`13
`
`

`

`low-molecular weight material or a high-molecular weight material. When the
`
`intermediate layer 320 includes a low-molecular weight material, the intermediate layer
`
`320 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure in which a hole injection
`
`layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), an electron transport
`
`layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL) are stacked, and may include any of
`
`various organic materials including copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), N,N'-Di(naphthalene-
`
`1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), and tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3). The
`
`above layers may be formed by using vacuum deposition.
`
`When the intermediate layer 320 includes a high-molecular weight material, the
`
`intermediate layer 320 may have a structure including an HTL and an EML. In this case,
`
`the HTL may include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and the EML may
`
`include a polymer material such as poly-phenylenevinylene (PPV)-based material or
`
`polyfluorene-based material. The intermediate layer 320 may be formed by using
`
`screen printing, inkjet printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging (LlTl).
`
`However, the intermediate layer 320 is not limited thereto, and may have any of
`
`various other structures. The intermediate layer 320 may include one layer over a
`
`plurality of the pixel electrodes 310, or may include layers patterned to correspond to
`
`the plurality of pixel electrodes 310.
`
`The counter electrode 330 may be located on the display area DA, to cover the
`
`display area DA as shown in FIG. 5. That is, the counter electrode 330 may be integrally
`
`formed with a plurality of the organic light-emitting devices and may correspond to the
`
`plurality of pixel electrodes 310.
`
`Since the organic light-emitting device may be easily damaged by external
`
`moisture or oxygen, an encapsulation layer 400 may cover and protect the organic light-
`
`emitting device. The encapsulation layer 400 may cover the display area DA and may
`
`extend beyond the display area DA. The encapsulation layer 400 may include a first
`
`inorganic encapsulation layer 410, an organic encapsulation layer 420, and a second
`
`inorganic encapsulation layer 430 as shown in FIG. 5.
`
`The first inorganic encapsulation layer 410 may cover the counter electrode 330,
`
`and may include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and/or silicon oxynitride.
`
`If necessary,
`
`14
`
`

`

`other layers such as a capping layer may be located