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`POLYMERIC MATERIALS
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`PRIORITY CLAIM
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`[0001] This application claims priority to US. Provisional Application No. 60/976,676 filed
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`October 1, 2007 and is a Continuation-in-Part of US. Application No. 10/655,345 filed
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`September 4, 2003, which claims priority to US. Provisional Application No 60/409,lO2 filed
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`September 9, 2002.
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`A.
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`Field of the Invention
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`[0002] The invention relates generally to surface treatments such as a coating (e.g., a paint, a
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`clear coat), a textile finish, a wax, elastomer, a filler, an adhesive, or a sealant, as well as
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`polymeric materials such as a plastic, a laminate, a composite, comprising an enzyme that
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`degrades cell wall or cell membrane components (e.g., a lysozyme, lytic transgrycosylase) alone
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`or in combination with other enzymes (e. g., lipolytic enzyme, sulfuric ester hydrolase,
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`organophosphorus compound degradation enzyme) that may confer additional properties to a
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`coating or polymeric material.
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`B.
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`Description of the Related Art
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`[0003] A coating (e.g., a paint, a clear coat), a textile finish, a wax, an elastomer, an adhesive,
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`a sealant, or a filler generally are compositions used, for example, to protect, decorate, attach, or
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`seal one or more surfaces, and underlying material(s), that they are applied. Such materials are
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`commonly used in commercial and industrial applications. For example, a coating such as paint
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`typically forms a solid protective, decorative, or functional adherent film on a surface.
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`Polymeric materials comprise molecular polymers to form various shaped materials typically for
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`consumer or industrial products, and whose surface of the polymeric material is subject to
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`addition of a coating.
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`[0004] Biomolecules are molecules often produced and isolated from organisms, such as an
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`enzyme which catalyzes a chemical reaction. Alexander Fleming discovered lysozyme (ca.
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`1922) during a search for antibiotics conducted over a period of years, when he added a drop of
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`mucus to a growing bacterial culture and discovered it killed the bacteria. Lysozymes have
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`widespread distribution in animals and plants, where it serves as a “natural antibiotic” protecting
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`fluids and tissues that are rich in potential food for bacterial growth, such as egg white. As a part
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`of the innate defense mechanism, lysozyme is found in many mammalian secretions and tissues,
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`saliva, tears, milk, cervical mucus, leucocytes, kidneys, etc.
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`[0005] Lipolytic enzymes catalyze a reaction on a lipid substrate, such as a vegetable oil, a
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`phospholipid, a sterol, and other hydrophobic molecules, generally to hydrolyze or move (e.g.,
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`intraesterif1cation) an ester bond. Often lipolytic enzyme (e.g., lipase) catalyzed reactions are
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`used for industrial or commercial purposes, such as alcohol or acid esterification,
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`interesterif1cation, and transesterification reactions, acidolysis, alcoholysis, and resolution of
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`racemic alcohol and organic acid mixtures.
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`[0006] Various enzymes have been identified that detoxify organophosphorus compounds
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`(“organophosphate compounds” or “OP compounds”) compounds, such as organophosphorus
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`hydrolase (“OPH”), organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (“OPAA”), and DFPase, which
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`detoxif1es 0,0-diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (“DFP”). Organophosphorus compounds and
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`organosulfur (“OS”) compounds are used extensively as insecticides and are toxic to many
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`organisms, including humans. OP compounds fianction as nerve agents. OP compounds have
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`been used both as pesticides and chemical warfare agents.
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`[0007]
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`Sulfuric ester hydrolase can catalyze reactions at sulfiaric ester bonds. A peptidase
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`catalyzes reactions at a peptide bond, and is reactions on peptides, polypeptides and proteins.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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`[0008]
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`In general, the invention features a coating composition, comprising a coating that
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`comprises an active enzyme, wherein the coating comprises an architectural coating, an
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`automotive coating, a can coating, a sealant coating, a chemical agent resistant coating, a
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`camouflage coating, a pipeline coating, a traffic marker coating, an aircraft coating, a nuclear
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`power plant coating, or a combination thereof, and wherein the active enzyme comprises an
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`antimicrobial enzyme, an antifouling enzyme, a peptidase, an esterase, a petroleum lipolytic
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`enzyme, or a combination thereof. In specific embodiments, the antimicrobial enzyme or
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`antifouling enzyme comprises a lysozyme, a lysostaphin, a libiase, a lysyl endopeptidase, a
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`mutanolysin, a cellulase, a chitinase, an (x-agarase, an B-agarase, an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
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`amidase, a lytic transglycosylase, a glucan endo-l,3-B-D-glucosidase, an endo-l,3(4)-B-
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`glucanase, a B-lytic metalloendopeptidase, a 3-deoxy-2-octulosonidase, a peptide-N4-(N—acetyl-
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`B-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase, a mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-B-N—acetylglucosaminidase,
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`a 1-carrageenase, a K-carrageenase, a k-carrageenase, an (x-neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase,
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`an endolysin, an autolysin, a mannoprotein protease, a glucanase, a mannase, a zymolase, a
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`lyticase. a lipolytic enzyme, or a combination thereof. In specific embodiments, the
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`antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme catalyzes a reaction that degrades a cell wall or cell
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`membrane. In specific embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a phospholipase.
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`[0009]
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`In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a lysozyme.
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`In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a lysostaphin. In
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`some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a libiase. In some
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`aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a lysyl endopeptidase. In
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`some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a mutanolysin. In some
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`aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a cellulase. The coating of
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`claim 8, wherein the cellulase comprises a (x-cellulase.
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`lThe coating of claim 8, wherein the
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`cellulase comprises a B-cellulase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling
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`enzyme comprises a chitinase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises an (x-agarase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises an B-agarase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme
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`or antifouling enzyme comprises a lytic transglycosylase. In some aspects the antimicrobial
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`enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a glucan endo-l,3-B-D-glucosidase. In some aspects
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`the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises an endo-l,3(4)-B-glucanase. In some
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`aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a B-lytic
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`metalloendopeptidase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises a 3-deoxy-2-octulosonidase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling
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`enzyme comprises a peptide-N4-(N—acetyl-B-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase. In some aspects
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`the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-B-N—
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`acetylglucosaminidase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises a t-carrageenase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises a K-carrageenase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises a k—carrageenase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or antifouling enzyme
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`comprises an u-neoagaro-oligosaccharide hydrolase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme
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`or antifouling enzyme comprises an endolysin. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or
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`antifouling enzyme comprises an autolysin. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or
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`antifouling enzyme comprises a mannoprotein protease. In some aspects the antimicrobial
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`enzyme or antifouling enzyme comprises a glucanase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme
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`or antifouling enzyme comprises a mannase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or
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`antifouling enzyme comprises a zymolase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or
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`antifouling enzyme comprises a lyticase. In some aspects the antimicrobial enzyme or
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`antifouling enzyme comprises a lipolytic enzyme. In some embodiments, the esterase comprises
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`a lipolytic enzyme, a sulfuric ester hydrolase, phosphoric triester hydrolase, or a combination
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`thereof.
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`[0010]
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`In some embodiments, the peptidase possessing esterase activity.
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`[0011]
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`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a plurality of active enzymes.
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`[0012]
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`In some embodiments, the coating comprises an interior coating.
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`[0013]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme catalyzes a reaction on a substrate
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`comprising a fatty acid.
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`[0014]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a carboxylesterase, a lipase, a
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`lipoprotein lipase, an acylglycerol lipase, a hormone-sensitive lipase, a phospholipase A1, a
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`phospholipases A2, a phosphatidylinositol deacylase, a phospholipase C, a phospholipase D, a
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`phosphoinositide phospholipase C, a phosphatidate phosphatase, a lysophospholipase, a sterol
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`esterase, a galactolipase, a sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, a sphingomyelin
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`phosphodiesterases D, a ceramidase, a wax-ester hydrolase, a fatty-acyl-ethyl-ester synthase, a
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`retinyl-palmitate esterase, a 11-cis-retiny1-pa1mitate hydrolase, an all-trans-retinyl-palmitate
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`hydrolase, a cutinase, an acyloxyacyl hydrolase, or a combination thereof.
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`[0015]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a combination of lipolytic
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`enzymes .
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`[0016]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a carboxylesterase derived from
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`Actinidia deliciosa, Aedes aegypti, Aeropyrum pernix, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, Aphis
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`gossypii, Arabidopsis thaliana, Archaeoglobusfulgidus, Aspergillus clavatus, Athalia rosae,
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`Bacillus acidocaldarius, Bombyx mandarina, Bombyx mori, Bos taurus, Burkholcleria gladioli,
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`Caenorhabditis elegans, Canisfamiliaris, Cavia porcellus, Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Felis
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`catus, Ferviclobacterium nodosum, Helicoverpa armigera, Homo sapiens, Macacafascicularis,
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`Malus pumila, Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus, Musca domestica, Mycoplasma
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`hyopneumoniae, Myxococcus xanthus, Neosartoryafischeri, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Paeonia
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`sufi’ruticosa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rattus norvegicus, Rubrobacter xylanophilus,
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`Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Sulfolobus shibatae,
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`Sulfolobus solfataricus, Sus scrofa, Thermotoga maritime, Thermus thermophilus, Vaccinium
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`corymbosum, Vibrio harveyi, Xenopsylla cheopis, Yarrowia lipolytica, or a combination thereof.
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`[0017]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a thermophilic carboxylesterase
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`derived from Aeropyrum pernix, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, Archaeoglobusfulgidus,
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`Bacillus acidocaldarius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sulfolobus shibatae, Sulfolobus solfataricus,
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`Thermotoga maritime, or a combination thereof.
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`[0018]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a lipase derived from
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`Acinetobacter, Aedes aegypti, Anguilla japonica, Antrodia cinnamomea, Arabidopsis rosette,
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`Arabidopsis thaliana, Arxula adeninivorans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus
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`tamarii, Aureobasidium pullulans, Avena sativa, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus sphaericus,
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`Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermocatenulatus, Bacillus
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`thermoleovorans, Bombyx mandarina, Bombyx mori, Bos Taurus, Brassica napus, Brassica
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`rapa, Burkholderia cepacia, Caenorhabditis elegans, Candida albicans, Candida antarctica,
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`Candida deformans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida rugosa, Candida thermophila, Canis
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`domesticus, Chenopodium rubrum, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium
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`novyi, Danio rerio, Galactomyces geotrichum, Gallus gallus, Geobacillus, Gibberella zeae,
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`Gossypium hirsutum, Homo sapiens, Kurtzmanomyces sp., Leishmania infantum, Lycopersicon
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`esculentum L, Malasseziafurfur, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Mus musculus, Mus spretus,
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`Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Myxococcus xanthus, Neosartorya
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`fischeri, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Oryza sativa, Penicillium cyclopium, Phlebotomus papatasi,
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`Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonasfluorescens, Pseudomonasfragi, Pseudomonas sp,
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`Rattus norvegicus, Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer, Ricinus communis,
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`Samia cynthia ricini, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Serratia marcescens, Spermophilus
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`tridecemlineatus, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus xylosus, Sulfolobus solfataricus, Sus
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`scrofa, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Trichomonas vaginalis, Vibrio harveyi, Xenopus laevis,
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`Yarrowia lipolytica, or a combination thereof
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`[0019]
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`In some embodiments, the lipase comprises a themophilic lipase derived from
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`Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter sp., Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus
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`stearothermophilus, Bacillus thermocatenulatus, Bacillus thermoleovorans, Candida rugosa,
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`Candida thermophila, GeoBacillus thermoleovorans Toshki, Pseudomonasfragi,
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`Staphylococcus xylosus, Sulfolobus solfataricus, or a combination thereof.
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`[0020]
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`In some embodiments, the lipase comprises a psychrophilic lipase derived from
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`Pseudomonasfluorescens.
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`[0021]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a lipoprotein lipase derived from
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`Capra hircus, Danio rerio, Felis catus, Homo sapiens, Mesocricetus auratus, Mus musculus,
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`Oncorhynchus mykiss, Pagrus major, Papio Anubis, Rattus norvegicus, Sparus aurata, Sus
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`scrofa, Thunnus orientalis, or a combination thereof.
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`[0022]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises an acylglycerol lipase derived
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`from Bacillus sp., Danio rerio, Homo sapiens, Leishmania infantum, Mus musculus,
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`Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Penicillium camembertii, Rattus norvegicus, Solanum tuberosum,
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`or a combination thereof
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`[0023]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a hormone sensitive lipase
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`derived from Bos Taurus, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Spermophz'lus
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`tridecemll'neatus, Sus scrofa, Tetrahymena thermophila, or a combination thereof.
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`[0024]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a phospholipase A1 derived from
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`Arabidopsis, Aspergillus oryzae, Bos Taurus, Brassica rapa, Caenorhabditis elegans, Capsicum
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`annuum, Danio rerio, Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Nicotiana tabacum, Polistes annularz's,
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`Polybz'a paulista, Rattus norvegicus, Serratz'a sp., Vespula vulgaris, or a combination thereof.
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`[0025]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a phospholipase A2 derived from
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`Acanthaster plancz', Adamsl'a carcim'opado, Aedes aegypti, Aeropyrum pernix, Az'pysurus
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`eydouxz'z', Apis mellz'fera, Arabidopsis thaliana, Aspergillus nidulans, Austrelaps superbus, Bitis
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`gabom'ca, Bos taurus, Bothrz'echz's schlegell'z', Bothropsjararacussu, BrachyDam'o rerz'o,
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`Bungarus caeruleus, Bungarusfascz'atus, Canisfamz'lz'arz's, Cavia sp., Cerrophz'dl'on godmam',
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`Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chrysophrys major, Crotalus viridz's viridz's, Daboz'a russelll'z',
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`Danio rerio, Drosophila melanogaster, Echis carinatus, Echis ocellatus, Echis pyramidum
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`leakeyz', Emericella m'dulans, Equus caballus, Gallus gallus, Homo sapiens, Lapemz's hardwickz'z',
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`Laticauda semz'fascz'ata, Micrurus corallines, Mus musculus, Mytilus edulis, Naja kaouthz'a, Naja
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`naja, Naja naja sputatrl'x, Nicotiana tabacum, Ophiophagus hannah, Ornithodoros parkerz',
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`Oryctolagus cum'culus, Pagrus major, Patirz'a pectim'fera, Polyandrocarpa mz'sakz'ensz's,
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`Protobothrops mucrosquamatus, Rattus norvegicus, Sistrurus catenatus tergeminus,
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`Trz'meresurus borneensz's, Trz'meresurus flavovz'rz'dz's, Trz'meresurus gracilz's, Trz'meresurus
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`gramz'neus, Trz'meresurus okl'navensz's, Trz'meresurus puniceus, Trz'meresurus stejnegerz', Tuber
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`borchz'z', Urtz'cz'na crassl'corm's, Vz'pera russellz' sz'amensz's, Xenopus laevis, Xenopus tropicalz's, or
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`a combination thereof.
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`[0026]
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`In some embodiments, the phospholipase A2 comprises a thermophilic phospholipase
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`A2 derived from Aeropyrum pernix.
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`[0027]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a phospholipase C derived from
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`Aedes aegypti, Aplysia californica, Arabidopsis thaliana, Asterina miniata, Bacillus cereus,
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`Bacillus thuringiensis, Bos taurus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Chaetopterus pergamentaceus,
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`Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Coturnixjaponica, Danio rerio, Dictyostelium discoideum,
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`Drosophila melanogaster, Gallus gallus, Homarus americanus, Homo sapiens, Loligo pealei,
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`Lytechinus pictus, Meleagris gallopavo, Misgurnus mizolepis, Mus musculus, Nicotiana
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`tabacum, Oryza sativa, Oryzias latipes, Petunia inflate, Pichia stipitis, Pisum sativum,
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`Plasmodiumfalciparum, Rattus norvegicus, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Sus scrofa, Torenia
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`fournieri, Toxoplasma gondii, Watasenia scintillans, Xenopus laevis, Zea mays, or a combination
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`thereof.
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`[0028]
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`In some embodiments, the phospholipase C comprises a thermophilic phospholipase C
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`derived from Bacillus cereus.
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`[0029]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a phospholipase D derived from
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`Aedes aegypti, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arachis hypogaea, Bos taurus, Brassica oleracea,
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`Caenorhabditis elegans, Cricetulus griseus, Cucumis melo var. inodorus, Cucumis sativus,
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`Dictyostelium discoideum, Drosophila melanogaster, Emericella nidulans, Fragaria ananassa,
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`Gossypium hirsutum, Homo sapiens, Lolium temulentum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mus
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`musculus, Oryza sativa, Papaver somniferum, Paralichthys olivaceus, Pichia stipitis, Pimpinella
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`brachycarpa, Rattus norvegicus, Ricinus communis, Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum, Vigna
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`unguiculata, Vitis vinifera, Zea mays, or a combination thereof.
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`[0030]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a phosphoinositide
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`phospholipase C derived from Arabidopsis thaliana, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillusfumigatus,
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`Brassica napus, Homo sapiens, Leishmania infantum, Mus musculus, Neosartoryafischeri,
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`Physcomitrella patens, Pichia stipitis, Rattus norvegicus, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma
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`brucei, Vigna unguiculata, Xenopus tropicalis, Zea mays, or a combination thereof.
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`[0031]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a phosphatidate phosphatase
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`derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or a combination thereof.
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`[0032]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a lysophospholipase derived
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`from Aedes aegypti, Argas monolakensz's, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillusfumigatus, Bos
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`Taurus, Cavia porcellus, Clonorchz's sinensis, Danio rerio, Diclyostell'um discoz'deum,
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`Emericella m'dulans, Giardia lamblia, Homo sapiens, Monodelphz's domestica, Mus musculus,
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`Neosartoryafischerl', Pichiajadz'm'l', Pichia stz'pz'tz's, Rattus norvegicus, Schistosomajapom'cum,
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`Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sclerotz'm'a sclerotiorum, Xenopus tropicalz's, or a combination
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`thereof.
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`[0033]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a sterol esterase derived from
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`Candida rugosa, Homo sapiens, Melanocarpus albomyces, Rattus norvegicus, or a combination
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`thereof.
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`[0034]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a galactolipase derived from
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`Homo sapiens, Solanum tuberosum, Vigna unguiculata, or a combination thereof.
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`[0035]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a sphingomyelin
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`phosphodiesterase derived from Bacillus cereus, Homo sapiens, Pseudomonas sp., or a
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`combination thereof.
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`[0036]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a ceramidase derived from
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`Homo sapiens, Pseudomonas, or a combination thereof.
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`[0037]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a retinyl palmitate esterase
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`derived from Bos Taurus.
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`[0038]
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`In some embodiments, the lipolytic enzyme comprises a cutinase derived from
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`Fusarz'um solam' pisz', Monilz'm'afiuctz’cola, Pseudomonas putida, or a combination thereof
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`[0039]
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`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a mesophilic enzyme, a
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`psychrophilic enzyme, a thermophilic enzyme, a halophilic enzyme, or a combination thereof.
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`[0040]
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`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a combination of enzymes.
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`[0041]
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`In some embodiments, the thermophilic enzyme is derived from a thermophilic
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`organism.
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`[0042]
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`In some embodiments, the thermophilic organism comprises Acidianus, Archaeoglobus,
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`Desulfurococcus, Hyperthermus, Metallosphaera, Methanobacterium, Methanococcus,
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`Methanohalobz'um, Methanosarcina, Methanothermus, Methanosaeta, Methanothrz'x,
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`Pyrobaculum, Pyrococcus, Pyrodz'ctz'um, Staphylothermus, Sulfolobus, Thermococcus,
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`Thermofilum, Thermoproteus, Clostrz'dz'um, Desulfotomaculum, Rubrobacter, Saccharococcus,
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`Sphaerobacter, Thermacetogenz'um, Thermoanaerobacter, Thermoanaerobium, or a combination
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`thereof.
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`[0043]
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`In some embodiments, the psychrophilic enzyme is derived a psychrophilic organism.
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`[0044]
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`In some embodiments, the psychrophilic organism comprises Moritella, Lez’fsom’a
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`aurea, Methanococcoz'des burtom'z', or a combination thereof.
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`[0045]
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`In some embodiments, the halophilic enzyme is derived a halophilic organism.
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`[0046]
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`In some embodiments, the halophilic organism comprises Halobacterz’um, Halococcus,
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`Haloferax, Halogeometrz'cum, Haloterrz'gena, Halorubrum, Haloarcula, or a combination
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`thereof.
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`[0047]
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`In some embodiments, the coating comprises a stimulator of enzyme activity.
`
`[0048]
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`In some embodiments, the stimulator comprises a co-lipase, an apolipoprotein, sodium
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`taurocholate, bile salts, Ca2 1 , Fe2 1 , Fe3 1 , K1 , Mng, MnZl, Ser, ZnZl, dimethylsulfoxide,
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`methanol, p-xylene, n-decane, a detergent, or a combination thereof.
`
`[0049]
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`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises an immobilization carrier.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 5842-02001
`
`Page 10
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`
`
`[0050]
`
`In some embodiments, the immobilization carrier comprises a reverse micelle, zeolite,
`
`Celite Hyflo Supercel, a resin, diatomaceous earth, a polyurethane foam particle, macroporous
`
`polypropylene Accurel® EP 100, a macroporous anionic resin bead, polypropylene membrane,
`
`acrylic membrane, nylon membrane, cellulose ester membrane, polyvinylidene difiloride
`
`membrane, filter paper, teflon membrane, ceramic membrane, a macroporous packing
`
`particulate, polyamide, cellulose hollow fibre, a polypropylene membrane pretreated with a
`
`blocked copolymer, an immunoglobin, agarose, a gel, or a combination thereof.
`
`[0051]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a purified active enzyme.
`
`[0052]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a cell-based particulate material.
`
`[0053]
`
`In some embodiments, the cell-based particulate material comprises a cell wall, a test, a
`
`frustule, a pellicle, a viral proteinaceous outer coat, or a combination thereof.
`
`[0054]
`
`In some embodiments, the cell-based material comprises a multicellular—based
`
`particulate material.
`
`[0055]
`
`In some embodiments, the cell-based particulate material comprises a microorganism-
`
`based particulate material.
`
`[0056]
`
`In some embodiments, the cell-based particulate material is a whole cell particulate
`
`material.
`
`[0057]
`
`In some embodiments, the cell-based particulate material is a cell fragment particulate
`
`material.
`
`[0058]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme is prepared in a material that is attenuated.
`
`[0059]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme is prepared in a material that is sterilized.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 5842-02001
`
`Page 11
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`
`
`[0060]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a petroleum lipolytic enzyme.
`
`[0061]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a plurality of petroleum lipolytic
`
`enzymes .
`
`[0062]
`
`In some embodiments, the petroleum lipolytic enzyme is derived from an organism that
`
`degrades a petroleum lipid.
`
`[0063]
`
`In some embodiments, the petroleum lipolytic enzyme is derived from Azoarcus,
`
`Blastochlorl's, Burkholderz'a, Dechloromonas, Desulfobacterium, Desulfobacula, Geobacter,
`
`Mycobacterz'um, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Sphingomonas, Thauera, Vibrio, or a combination
`
`thereof.
`
`[0064]
`
`In some embodiments, the petroleum lipolytic enzyme is derived from Azoarcus sp.
`
`strain EBl, Azoarcus sp. strain T, Azoarcus tolulytz'cus Td15, Azoarcus tolulytz'cus Tol4,
`
`Blastochlorz's sulfovz’rl’dl's ToPl, Blastochlorz's ToPl, Burkholderz'a sp. strain RP007,
`
`Dechloromonas sp. strain JJ, Dechloromonas sp. strain RCB, Desulfobacterz’um cetom'cum strain
`
`AK-Ol, Desulfobacterium cetonz'cum strain HXd3, Desulfobacterium cetonz'cum strain meSl,
`
`Desulfobacterium cetonz'cum strain NaphS2, Desulfobacterium cetonz'cum strain oXySl,
`
`Desulfobacterium cetonz'cum strain Pnd3, Desulfobacterium cetonz'cum strain PRTOLl,
`
`Desulfobacterium cetonz'cum strain TD3, Desulfobacterium cetom'cum, Desulfobacula toluoll'ca
`
`T012, Geobacter 7210 metallireducens GSlS, Geobacter grbz'cz'ae TACP-2T, Geobacter
`
`grbz'cz'ae TACP-S, Geobacter metallireducens GSlS, Mycobacterz'um sp. strain PYR-l,
`
`Pseudomonas putida NCIB9816, Pseudomonas putida OUSS2, Pseudomonas sp. strain C18,
`
`Pseudomonas sp. strain Ele, Pseudomonas sp. strain Hle, Pseudomonas sp. strain Hle,
`
`Pseudomonas sp. strain M3, Pseudomonas sp. strain meNl, Pseudomonas sp. strain NAP-3,
`
`Pseudomonas sp. strain Och, Pseudomonas sp. strain Ple, Pseudomonas sp. strain prNl,
`
`Pseudomonas sp. strain prN2, Pseudomonas sp. strain T3, Pseudomonas sp. strain ToNl,
`
`Pseudomonas stutzerz' ANlO, Rhodococcus sp. strain 124, Sphingomonas paucimobz'lz's var.
`
`EPASOS, Thauera aromatica K172, Thauera aromatica T1, Vibrz'o sp. strain NAP-4, or a
`
`combination thereof.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 5842-02001
`
`Page 12
`
`
`
`[0065]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 0.1% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0066]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 1% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0067]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 2% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0068]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 3% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0069]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 4% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0070]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 5% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0071]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 6% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0072]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 7% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0073]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 8% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0074]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 9% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 5842-02001
`
`Page 13
`
`
`
`[0075]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises about 10% to about 80% of the
`
`coating by weight or volume.
`
`[0076]
`
`In some embodiments, the active enzyme comprises a particulate material.
`
`[0077]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 50 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0078]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 151 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0079]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 241 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0080]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 482 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0081]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 753 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0082]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 1,000 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0083]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 1,506 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0084]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 2,108 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`[0085]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 3,613 kDa to about 1.5 X 1014 kDa.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 5842-02001
`
`Page 14
`
`
`
`[0086]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 4,818 kDa to about 1.5 x 1014 kDa.
`
`[0087]
`
`In some embodiments, the average wet molecular weight or dry molecular weight of a
`
`primary particle of the particulate material is about 6,022 kDa to about 1.5 x 1014 kDa.
`
`[0088]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 0.0000001% to about 100%.
`
`[0089]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 0.001% to about 100%.
`
`[0090]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 0.1% to about 100%.
`
`[0091]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 1.0% to about 100%.
`
`[0092]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 2.0% to about 100%.
`
`[0093]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 5.0% to about 100%.
`
`[0094]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 7.5% to about 100%.
`
`[0095]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 10.0% to about 100%.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 5842-02001
`
`Page 15
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`
`
`[0096]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 20.0% to about 100%.
`
`[0097]
`
`In some embodiments, the average active enzyme content per primary particle of the
`
`particulate material is about 30.0% to about 100%.
`
`[0098]
`
`In some embodiments, the coating is about 5 um to about 5000 um thick upon a surface.
`
`[0099]
`
`In some embodiments, the coating is about 15 um to about 500 um thick upon a surface.
`
`[0100]
`
`In some embodiments, the coating is about 15 um to about 150 um thick upon a surface.
`
`[0101]
`
`In some embodiments, the coating comprises a paint.
`
`[0102]
`
`In some embodiments, the coating comprises a clear coating.
`
`[0103]
`
`In some embodiments, the clear coating comprises a lacquer, a varnish, a shellac, a
`
`stain, a water repellent coating, or a combination thereof
`
`[0104]
`
`In some embodiments, the coating comprises a multicoat system.
`
`[0105]
`
`In some embodiments, the multicoat system comprises 2 to 10 layers.
`
`[0106]
`
`In some embodiments, one layer of the multicoat system comprises the active enzyme.
`
`[0107]
`
`In some embodiments, a plurality of layers of the multicoat system comprise the active
`
`enzyme.
`
`[0108]
`
`In some embodiments, at least one layer of said plurality of layers comprises a different
`
`preparation of the active enzyme than at least a second layer of said plurality of layers that
`
`comprises the active enzyme.
`
`Atty. Dkt. No. 5842-02001
`
`Page 16
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`
`
`[0109]
`
`In some embodiments, each layer of the multicoat system is coating is about 5 um to
`
`about 5000 um thick upon a surface.
`
`[0110]
`
`In some embodiments, each layer of the multicoat system is coating is about 15 um to
`
`about 500 um thick upon a surface.
`
`[0111]
`
`In some embodiments, each layer of the multicoat system is coating is about 15 um to
`
`about 150 um thick upon a surface.
`
`[0112]
`
`In some embodiments, the multicoat system comprises a sealer, a water repellent, a
`
`primer, an undercoat, a topcoat, or a combination thereof.
`
`[0113]
`
`In some embodiments, the multicoat system comprises a topcoat.
`
`[0114]
`
`In some embodiments, the topcoat comprises the active
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